AP Human Geography “(AP)” = From released AP exams. (Most likely to be on exam.

)
Chapter 6 Practice Exam: Religions (2018/v.1) “(MM)”=Most Missed (+25% of students missed this question)

1. (AP) The world's three major monotheistic religions 7. (AP) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of
originated (have their hearth) in which of the following Hinduism?
regions? (A) It uses human and animal images in its sacred spaces.
(A) East Asia (B) Pilgrims bathe in holy rivers.
(B) Southwest Asia (C) Religious functions most likely take place at home
(C) Eastern Europe within the family.
(D) Western Europe (D) It is a universalizing religion.
(E) Africa (E) Sacred places are established by tradition.

2. (AP) Which of the following religions is appropriately 8. (AP) Which of the following religions is predominant in
(correctly) matched with its region of origin (hearth)? the states of Wisconsin, Minnesota, and North Dakota?
(A) Islam . . Egypt (A) Catholic
(B) Judaism . . Spain (B) Mormon
(C) Hinduism . . China (C) Lutheran
(D) Buddhism . . India (D) Baptist
(E) Christianity . . Germany (E) Methodist

3. (AP) The principal religion of Central and South America is

(A) Eastern Orthodoxy
(B) Roman Catholicism
(C) Buddhism
(D) Islam
(E) Protestantism

4. (AP) Which of the following countries has the largest

number of Sunni Muslims?
(A) Saudi Arabia
(B) Bangladesh
(C) Egypt
(D) Iran
(E) Indonesia 9. (AP) All or nearly all of the population of the shaded land
region on the map above avoid which of the following
5. (AP) A country in which the majority of the population are foods?
Shiite Muslims is (A) Beef
(A) Iran (B) Poultry
(B) Morocco (C) Pork
(C) Saudi Arabia (D) Corn
(D) Egypt (E) Rice
(E) Indonesia

6. (AP) In which of the following countries has the diffusion 10. Religion is a good example of the tension between
of Christianity met the most resistance? globalization and local diversity because
(A) China (A) migrants usually leave their religion behind when they
(B) Brazil migrate to a new area.
(C) Italy (B) all religions are in competition to convert as many
(D) Mexico people as possible.
(E) South Africa (C) many people follow more than one religion.
(D) the cultural values of globalized universalizing
religions often conflict with the values of local ethnic
religions
11. What aspect or aspects of religion are typically studied by 17. Which of the following religions is a monotheistic
geographers? religion?
(A) the hearths, diffusion, and distributions of religions (A) Hinduism
(B) the impact of religions on the cultural landscape (also (B) Shintoism
called the landscape expression of religions) (C) Animism
(C) the hierarchy and administration of religions (D) Judaism
(D) religious conflicts both between and within religions (E) Buddhism
(E) all of the above
18. Which of the following religions is a polytheistic religion?
12. Followers of Haitian Vodou combine elements of (A) Judaism
Christianity with the traditional religions of their African (B) Zoroastrianism
ancestors. This is an example of (C) Christianity
(A) paganism (D) Islam
(B) animism (E) Hinduism
(C) cosmogony
(D) religious creolization 19. The five largest religions (in order of number of
(E) syncretism adherents) are
(A) Islam - Christianity - Hinduism - Judaism - Sikhism
13. Adherents of which of the following religions are most (B) Buddhism - Christianity - Islam - Hinduism - Sikhism
likely to believe in other religions simultaneously? (In (C) Christianity - Hinduism - Islam - Sikhism - Judaism
other words, which is most syncretic?) (D) Christianity - Islam - Hinduism - Buddhism - Sikhism
(A) Buddhism (E) Christianity - Buddhism - Hinduism - Judaism – Islam
(B) Hinduism
(C) Judaism 20. Which religion is the fastest growing of the world's five
(D) Christianity largest religions?
(E) Islam (A) Christianity
(B) Islam
14.Iran, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, and Vatican City are examples (C) Judaism
of ___________, a form of government in which religious (D) Hinduism
leaders rule and religious laws are enforced. (E) Buddhism
(A) monotheism 21. Which of the following in the main reason that Islam is
(B) pluralism the fastest growing of the world’s major religions?
(C) secularism (A) Muslim women have higher fertility rates than
(D) theocracy women in other major religions.
(E) syncretism (B) Muslim women are on average younger than women
in other major religions.
15. Animists believe that (C) There is a lower rate of religious switching (leaving
(A) people should make complete use of the Earth's their religion) in Islam than there is in other major
resources. religions.
(B) enlightenment can be achieved by all people. (D) Islam is a proselytizing, universal religion that
(C) inanimate objects and natural events have spirits. successfully seeks out converts.
(D) natural disasters are preventable. (E) Islam is growing rapidly in Europe and North America.
(E) people should complete God's creation of the Earth.
22. Which of the world’s major religions is the oldest and
16. ________ is the literal interpretation of and strict which is the youngest?
adherence to the basic principles of a religion (as defined (A) Oldest: Hinduism / Youngest: Islam
by this group!) (B) Oldest: Christianity / Youngest: Buddhism
(A) sect (C) Oldest: Judaism / Youngest: Hinduism
(B) fundamentalism (D) Oldest: Judaism / Youngest: Islam
(C) branch (E) Oldest: Buddhism / Youngest: Christianity
(D) religion
(E) heresy 23. Which of the following religions is NOT matched correctly
with its hearth?
(A) Buddhism-Northeastern India/Nepal
(B) Islam-Saudi Arabia
(C) Judaism-Palestine/Israel
(D) Hinduism-Indus River Valley (northern India/Pakistan)
(E) Christianity-Rome (Italy)
24. What two areas are the hearths of all of the world's five 31. Recent diffusion of Islam into Europe (beyond Spain and
primary religions? Portugal), South Africa, and the Americas has largely
(A) Southern India and Eastern China been a result of __________.
(B) Southwest Asia and Northern Africa (A) proselytizing.
(C) Southwest Asia and Central Europe (B) forced migration.
(D) Southwest Asia and Northern India (C) relocation diffusion.
(E) Eastern China and Southern Europe (D) favorable European Union policies.
(E) the collapse of the Soviet Union.
25. Which of the following is the only one of the world’s four
largest religions that is still the dominant religion in its 32. Hinduism has not spread by expansion diffusion in
hearth (the country where its founder lived)? modern times, but at one time it did spread by relocation
(A) Buddhism diffusion as a result of
(B) Islam (A) time contract workers
(C) Hinduism (B) conquest by military groups.
(D) Christianity (C) forced relocation by Islamic invaders.
(D) missionary activities overseas.
26. Christianity first diffused from its hearth through
(A) hierarchical diffusion. 33. The term ghetto originally referred to the area of a city
(B) expansion diffusion. (A) inside the walls.
(C) relocation diffusion. (B) where Jews were forced to live.
(D) contagious diffusion. (C) inhabited by the lowest-income people.
(E) all of the above (D) where the untouchable caste lived.
(E) where most blacks lived.
27. The dominance of Christianity was assured during the 34. Due largely to European colonization, __________ is the
fourth century Roman Empire largely due to most widely dispersed religion in the world.
(A) stimulus diffusion. (A) Animism.
(B) hierarchical diffusion. (B) Buddhism.
(C) contagious diffusion. (C) Christianity.
(D) expansion diffusion. (D) Hinduism.
(E) possibilism. (E) Islam.
28. What explains the disappearance of African traditional 35. Which of the following world religions is the LEAST
religions between 1900 and 2010? spatially distributed (i.e. most clustered)?
(A) famine (A) Buddhism
(B) civil war (B) Christianity
(C) alliance with the United States during the Cold War (C) Hinduism
(D) Muslim and Christian missionaries (D) Islam
(E) the loss of indigenous languages (E) Judaism

29. Roman Catholics are clustered in the U.S. southwest 36. Almost 90 percent of people in the Western Hemisphere
primarily because of migration of claim adherence to
(A) Roman Catholics from Latin America. (A) Christianity.
(B) Roman Catholics from the northeastern United States. (B) Roman Catholicism.
(C) Roman Catholics from Ireland. (C) Protestantism.
(D) Protestants to the north. (D) Eastern Orthodoxy.
(E) Protestants to the east. (E) Fundamentalist and nondenominational Christianity

30. Islam diffused across the Eastern Hemisphere through 37. Which characteristic distinguishes religion in Latin
(A) war. America from religion in North America?
(B) trade (A) Latin America has a Protestant majority while North
(C) missionaries. America is mostly Roman Catholic.
(D) migration. (B) Latin America has a Roman Catholic majority while
(E) all of the above. North America is mostly Protestant.
(C) Latin America has a smaller zone of extant (surviving)
indigenous, tribal religions.
(D) Christianity in Latin America diffused primarily from
the British Isles whereas Christianity in North America
diffused primarily from Spain.
38. Muslims (followers of Islam) are clustered in 44. Theravada Buddhists are found primarily in
(A) Eastern Europe, North America, South Asia, and parts (A) China, Japan and Korea
of Russia, China, and Japan. (B) Tibet and Mongolia
(B) East Asia, South Asia, and North Africa. (C) Cambodia, Laos and Myanmar
(C) Southwestern Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and parts of (D) Sri Lanka and Thailand
South Asia. (E) C and D
(D) Southwestern Asia, North Africa, South America, and
parts of North America. 45. In which part of the world is over 50 percent of the
(E) Southwestern Asia, North Africa, and parts of South population unaffiliated (non-religious) with the
Asia and Southeastern Asia. remainder of the population either Buddhist or affiliated
with a folk religion?
39. Approximately 50% of the world's Muslims live in what (A) South Asia
four countries OUTSIDE of the Middle East? (B) Southeast Asia
(A) Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Malaysia (C) East Asia
(B) Indonesia, Pakistan, Sudan and Malaysia (D) Central Asia
(C) Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh and India (E) Southwest Asia
(D) Indonesia, Sudan, Malaysia, and India
(E) Indonesia, Malaysia, India and Pakistan 46. The majority of Sikhs are located in the ________ region
of India.
40. The boundaries between which countries listed below (A) Punjab
were established primarily based on religion? (B) Bangalore
(A) India and Pakistan. (C) Delhi
(B) Mexico and United States. (D) Ganges
(C) France and Germany. (E) Bengali
(D) Russia and Ukraine.
(E) Libya and Chad. 47. Which statement best describes the distribution of the
Jewish population in the world?
(A) Nearly 90% of all Jews in the world live in Israel.
(B) Most Jews live in Russia and Eastern Europe
(C) About half of all Jews live in Israel, the rest are
concentrated in urban areas of Europe and North
America
(D) About half of all Jews live in European cities, the rest
live in Israel.
(E) Only one-quarter of all Jews live in Israel, the rest are
concentrated in North America.
41. Shaded areas on the map above indicate different
religions. Nigeria, Chad, and Sudan, are all shown with 48. Which of the following Christian groups in the U.S. is the
north-south divides. What religion predominates in the largest (i.e. has the most adherents)?
northern (darkly shaded portions) of these countries? (A) Southern Baptist.
(A) Christianity (B) Eastern Orthodox.
(B) Animism (C) Roman Catholicism
(C) Animism and Christianity together (D) Anglican/Episcopalian.
(D) Sunni Islam (E) Lutheran.
(E) Shia Islam
49. Catholics comprise 25% of all North Americans. Which
42. Buddhism thrives in all of the areas listed below EXCEPT Protestant group is the next largest among the remaining
(A) Sri Lanka Christians?
(B) Japan (A) Methodists
(C) Nepal (B) Latter-day Saints
(D) India (C) Lutherans
(E) Tibet (D) Baptists
(E) Presbyterians
43. Mahayana Buddhists are found primarily in
(A) China, Japan and South Korea
(B) Tibet and Mongolia
(C) Cambodia, Laos and Myanmar
(D) Sri Lanka and Thailand
(E) C and D
 56. A very recent split within a religion (usually over a
difference over theology or religious practices) is called a
(A) branch
(B) denomination
(C) sect
(D) dialect

57. The three largest branches of Christianity in order of

Questions 50-53 are based on the above map of religious
affiliations in the United States.
number of adherents are
(A) Roman Catholic, Coptic Church, Eastern Orthodox
(B) Roman Catholic, Armenian, Protestant
(C) Roman Catholic, Protestant, Latter Day Saints
(D) Roman Catholic, Protestant, Eastern Orthodox
(E) Roman Catholic, Protestant, Maronite

50. What religious affiliation is represented by letter W? 58. Which of the following does NOT qualify as denomination
(A) Roman Catholic of the Protestant branch of the religion of Christianity?
(B) Lutheran (A) Presbyterianism
(C) Baptist (B) Methodism
(D) Methodist (C) Catholicism
(E) Latter-day Saints (Mormon) (D) Southern Baptist
(E) Lutheran
51. What religious affiliation is represented by letter X?
(A) Roman Catholic 59. The dominant (80% of Muslims) branch of Islam is
(B) Lutheran (A) Sunni.
(C) Baptist (B) Shiite. Roman Catholicism (50% of all
(D) Methodist (C) Druze. Christians) is the dominant branch of
(E) Latter-day Saints (Mormon) Christianity (37% are Protestant, and
(D) Sufi
12% are Eastern Orthodox.)
(E) Sikh.
52. What religious affiliation is represented by letter Y?
(A) Roman Catholic 60. Which if any of the following explanations for the major
(B) Lutheran splits (branches) within religions in NOT correct?
(C) Baptist (A) Islam: Disagreement over leadership succession
(D) Methodist (B) Christianity: Disagreement over leadership succession
(E) Latter-day Saints (Mormon) AND over doctrines of salvation
(C) Buddhism: Disagreements over doctrines of salvation
53. What religious affiliation is represented by letter Z? (D) All of the above are correct.
(A) Roman Catholic
(B) Lutheran 61. Which of the following is true of an ethnic religion?
(C) Baptist (A) It is found in a particular culture.
(D) Methodist (B) It appeals primarily to one group of people in a
(E) Latter-day Saints (Mormon) particular place (i.e. is spatially concentrated).
(C) It does not seek outside converts.
54. Which of the following correctly describes the (D) Its community, common history, and social relations
classification of religious groups from the oldest to the are inextricably intertwined with its spiritual beliefs.
most recent divergence (split)? (E) All of the above
(A) branch – religion – denomination – sect
(B) family – branch – denomination – sect 62. Why do ethnic religions typically display a clustered
(C) religion – denomination – sect – branch distribution?
(D) religion – branch – denomination – sect (A) Their message is meant to appeal to one group of
(E) religion – branch – sect – denomination people in one place.
(B) Their sacred spaces are historically tied to the physical
55. An old, large, and fundamental division within a religion is geography of a particular place.
a (C) Their religious calendar and holidays are based on the
(A) branch physical characteristics, especially the agricultural
(B) denomination calendar, of a particular place.
(C) sect (D) Their main concern in maintaining a local social order
(D) dialect rather than gaining converts.
(E) family (E) All of the above.
63. Which of the following is an example of an ethnic 70. Which of the following religions did NOT originate with a
religion? founder or innovating prophet?
(A) Islam (A) Buddhism
(B) Mormonism (B) Hinduism
(C) Buddhism (C) Islam
(D) Judaism (D) Taoism
(E) Roman Catholicism (E) Confucianism

64. All of the following are ethnic religions. Which has the 71. The agricultural calendar (seasons of planting, harvest,
most adherents? etc.) is relatively unimportant (not important) for which
(A) Judaism type of religion?
(B) Zoroastrianism (A) animist
(C) Hinduism (B) ethnic
(D) Jainism (C) pagan
(E) Sikhism (D) universalizing
(E) monotheistic
65. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Islam?
(A) It forbids the depiction (showing) images of its 72. Which of the following is NOT a universalizing religion?
prophet (A) Islam
(B) Mormonism Other ethnic religions:
(B) If financially and physically able, adherents are Hinduism, Chinese folk
expected to make a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once (C) Judaism
(D) Buddhism religions, indigenous religions
(C) It is widely dispersed throughout the Eastern
Hemisphere (Africa, Eurasia, Oceania) (E) Christianity
(D) It is an ethnic religion. 73. Which of the following is a rare example of a
(E) Burial is the dominant means of disposal of the dead universalizing but nonproselytizing religion (i.e. a religion
66. A universalizing religion with a universal message that nevertheless does not
(A) is based on the physical characteristics of a particular actively seek converts)?
location on the earth’s surface (A) Christianity
This helps explain why this is
(B) appeals to people living in a wide variety of locations (B) Buddhism
the universalizing religion that
(C) is rarely transmitted through missionaries (C) Protestantism has remained mostly clustered
(D) is usually found in less developed countries (D) Polytheism in one region of the world.
(E) all of the above (E) Hinduism

67. A religion that is spatially widespread and attempts to 74. How does religion influence the cultural landscape?
appeal to all people, not just those living in a particular (A) It promotes the preservation of distinctive sacred
location is a ________ religion. spaces/holy sites
(A) universalizing (B) It influences land use through specific practices for
(B) folk the disposal of the dead
(C) ethnic (C) It inspires distinctive forms of architecture
(D) tribal (D) It is the basis for toponyms (place names)
(E) animistic (E) all of the above

68. Which statement about universalizing religions is correct? 75. Which of the following is true about the relationship
(A) A universalizing religion is one into which people are between culture, religion, and the physical environment?
born. (A) religion is no longer an important source of
(B) A universalizing religion is usually easy to join. identification for a distinct cultural group.
(C) A universalizing religion seeks converts from other (B) religious beliefs are often responsible for changes
religions. people make to the physical environment.
(D) A and B only. (C) all religions appeal primarily to people living in their
(E) B and C only. land of origin.
(D) few religions derive meaningful events from the
69. Which universalizing religion has the most adherents? physical environment.
(A) Buddhism. (E) All of the above are true.
(B) Christianity.
(C) Sikhism
(D) Islam.
(E) Baha’i
76. Which cosmogony (i.e. religious beliefs concerning the
origin of the universe) is most likely to result in
widespread modification of the physical environment?
(A) All of nature, including humans, is a manifestation of
the divine substance. (Hinduism/Buddhism)
(B) Nature, including humans, consists of two ever
changing forces, yin and yang, which when balanced
create perfect harmony. (Chinese folk religions.)
(C) God created the earth and humans separately and
gave humans dominion over nature (Christianity)
(D) All natural features and events have a spirit which can
be controlled by (humans. (Animism).
(E) All are equally likely to result in the modification of
the natural environment.
77. Which of the following religions in NOT correctly matched
with its preferred method of disposal of the dead?
(A) Christianity…burial
(B) Islam…burial, disposal at sea
(C) Buddhism…cremation, exposure
(D) Hinduism…cremation
(E) Judaism…cremation
78. What is the main reason that the Chinese government
encourages cremation over the burial of the dead?
(A) Burials are associated with Western democracies and
popular culture.
(B) Burials take up too much space in the cities that might
otherwise be used for recreation.
(C) Burials in China take too much space in the
countryside that could be used for agriculture.
(D) Burials are reminder of death on the landscape.
(E) Funerals associated with burial are too expensive.
79. What religion is indicated by the
silhouette to the left?
(A) Islam
(B) Christianity
(C) Buddhism
(D) Hinduism
(E) Judaism
80. Which is NOT a feature of Islamic sacred architecture?
(A) minarets
(B) pulpit usually faces Mecca
(C) the influence of the architecture of Roman and other
civilizations
(D) geometric and calligraphic ornamentation
(E) frescoes depicting the life of the prophet
81. This structure (left) is associated with
which world religion?
(A) Judaism
(B) Roman Catholicism
(C) Hinduism
(D) Buddhism
(E) Islam
82. Everyday worship in Hinduism is most likely to take place
(A) at a holy shrine
(B) as part of a pilgrimage
(C) at home
(D) in a pagoda
(E) in a temple
83. Jerusalem is a sacred place for
(A) Jews.
(B) Muslims.
(C) Christians.
(D) all of the above
84. Which of the following religions in NOT correctly matched
with its place of worship or meditation?
(A) Islam - Mosque
(B) Sikh - Gurdwara
(C) Hinduism - Pagoda
(D) Baha'i – House of Worship
(E) Judaism - Synagogue
85. Which of the religions in NOT correctly matched with one
of its holy sites?
(A) Judaism - Western Wall
(B) Islam- Dome of the Rock
(C) Hinduism –Benares/Varanasi (Sacred Ganges River)
(D) Baha’ism - Bodh Gaya (Bodhi Tree)
(E) Christianity- St. Peter’s Cathedral
86. An ethnic religion typically has less widespread
distribution of its holy places because
(A) they have not diffused globally.
(B) urban growth has destroyed their holy sites
(C) its holy places often derive from the physical
characteristic of its hearth.
(D) their holy places are the sun, sky, and earth.
(E) All of the above
87. Which is NOT a characteristic of a hierarchical religion?
(A) Regional administration is often located in large cities.
(B) It organizes territory into local administrative units.
(C) It encourages each congregation to be self-sufficient.
(D) It has a well-defined hierarchical structure.
(E) It fosters interaction among different congregations.
88. Which pair of religions are considered highly hierarchical?
(A) Mormonism and Islam.
(B) Roman Catholicism and Islam.
(C) Southern Baptist and Islam.
(D) Roman Catholicism and Mormonism.
(E) Mormonism and Southern Baptist.
89. Which religion below is the most autonomous (i.e. has
almost no centralized structure or religious control?
(A) Hinduism
(B) Buddhism
(C) Orthodox Christianity
(D) Roman Catholicism
(E) Islam
90. Baptist and Islam are examples of
(A) hierarchical religions
(B) ethnic religions
(C) animistic religions
(D) autonomous religions
(E) theocratic religions
91. Which is an example of a historical or current interfaith
religious conflict:
(A) Israel
(B) Nigeria
(C) Sri Lanka
(D) Former Yugoslavia
(E) all of the above
92. The intrafaith religious conflict in Ireland is between
(A) Protestants and Catholics
(B) Catholics and Orthodox Christians
(C) Orthodox Christians and Protestants
(D) Anglicans and Presbyterians
(E) Anglicans and Episcopalians
93. Jerusalem's geography represents a particularly difficult
religious conflict to resolve because
(A) The Israeli government has separated the most sacred
sites with a massive concrete wall.
(B) the population of Jerusalem is majority Christian but
surrounded by majority Jewish and Muslim
populations on either side.
(C) Israel captured the Sinai peninsula from Egypt.
(D) Sacred sites for Jews and Muslims are literally built
right on top each other.
94. Freedom of religion is considered endangered or seriously
challenged in all of the following regions EXCEPT
(A) Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan)
(B) Burma/Myanmar
(C) China
(D) India
(E) Iran
95. Since the fall of Communism in the former Soviet
Republics some of the newly created countries are
struggling with the degree to which new laws should
reflect the influence of Islam, or remain secular.
Examples of these republics include:
(A) Croatia and Slovenia
(B) Poland and Lithuania
(C) Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan
(D) Mongolia and Tibet
(E) all of the above
96. Which of the following best describes the situation of
religion in Tibet?
(A) Only a few practice Buddhism; the majority observe
Confucianism.
(B) Tibetan leaders have a high degree of local control
over the policies of their province.
(C) The population has become almost entirely atheist
since the Chinese invasion.
(D) Its spiritual leader is in exile and the government
discourages observance.
(E) Freedom of religion is protected by provincial law.
97. In which region or regions are over 20% of the population
nonreligious (i.e. claim no affiliation with any religion)?
(A) Europe, North America, and East Asia
(B) Sub-Saharan Africa and North Africa
(C) Latin America and the Caribbean
(D) Southwest Asia (Middle East)
(E) All of the above
98. How are Buddhism and Hinduism different?
(A) Buddhists practice meditation; Hindus reject the
practice of meditation.
(B) Hindus have a rigid caste system; Buddhists reject the
caste system.
(C) Hindus believe in reincarnation; Buddhists believe in a
heaven.
(D) Buddhists believe in ahimsa (non-violence), while
Hindus do not believe in nonviolence.
(E) Buddhists are polytheists; Hindus are monotheists.
99. One example of the clash of secular and religious values is
the Hindu caste system in India. Which of the following
best describes the Hindu caste system?
(A) a social structure based upon a social hierarchy in
which a person is born into a caste and cannot change
castes during their lifetime
(B) an economic class which poor people can work and
earn money to raise their position in society
(C) a political party system strongly tied to economic class
divisions such as blue-collar and white-collar workers
(D) regional cultural divisions dominated by Hindi-
speakers from northern India
(E) a colonial social structure created by British rulers and
imposed from the 1800s through the 1940s until
independence
100. Theravada Buddhists emphasize monastic practice as
the vehicle to nirvana (salvation). Mahayana Buddhists,
in contrast, emphasize
(A) life of self-help.
(B) compassion.
(C) renouncing of worldly goods.
(D) wisdom.
(E) practice of meditation.