1.

Explain how Media Literacy and Digital Literacy are

related.

Both digital and media literacy are fairly new

concepts, there is considerable debate amongst experts

and academics around the world as to how they should be

defined. Digital literacy specifically applies to media

from the internet, smartphones, and other non-

traditional sources. Media literacy can identify media and

create media responsibly. Although digital and media

literacy each draw on the same core skill of critical

thinking, the fact that most digital media are networked

and interactive raises additional problems and requires

additional habits and skills. Media literacy commonly

focuses on educating youth to be significantly engaged

consumers of media, whilst digital literacy is more about

enabling youth to take part in digital media in wise,

secure, and ethical ways. However, it is essential to keep

in mind that digital literacy does not substitute or run

parallel to media literacy but rather builds on it while

incorporating new ideas that occur from the introduced

dimension of networked interactivity. At the same time,

many digital troubles cannot be understood without

traditional media literacy.

2. Discuss Critical Thinking and how important to both

Media and Digital Literacy.

Critical thinking is the intellectually disciplined

process of actively and skillfully conceptualizing, applying,

analyzing, synthesizing, or evaluating information

gathered from, or generated by, observation, experience,

reflection, reasoning, or communication, as a guide to

belief and action. In its exemplary form, it is primarily

based on general intellectual values that transcend

subject matter divisions: clarity, accuracy, precision,

consistency, relevance, sound evidence, excellent reasons,

depth, breadth, and fairness.

3. Examples of Cyber Crimes. Explain each.

Illegal Gambling

The Internet Skill Game Licensing and Control Act

were introduced in Congress in 2008 and it provided that

players can participate in skill games, such as mahjongg

and poker, but not in pure luck games. Numerous legal

gambling sites have sprung up on the Internet in more

recent years, all the same, allowing fans to wager on

sporting events and horse racing. These are largely

governed by the state, not federal law.

Gambling is generally prohibited online unless

you're physically located in a state that allows it. A

player cannot legally gamble in any state if he's younger

than age 21.

Theft of Personal Information and Money

Some criminals use the Internet to break into

victims' online financial accounts, taking passwords,

money, and other sensitive information. Others create

online centers for trafficking stolen identity information.

The number of identity theft victims has risen with more

and more people conducting business online and using the

Internet to pay bills. Those who use birthdays, their

children’s names and pet names as passwords are typically

more at risk for identity theft.

Storing Illegal Information

Criminals and pedophiles often use the Internet to

obtain and transfer illegal images, such as child

pornography. Even storing and saving these types of

images on a computer is illegal. Other criminals use their

computer databases to store illegal information, including

confidential intellectual property.

Computer Viruses

Computer hackers are digital-age criminals that

can bring down large infrastructures with a single

keystroke that emits a computer virus. These types of

viruses are macro or binary. Macro viruses attack a

specific program, while binary viruses attack data or

attach to program files.

Hacking into a business’s intranet and uploading

viruses to the code are examples of these types of

crimes. Private citizens are targets of computer viruses

when they visit websites with encrypted viruses or open

emails infected with viruses. One of the most infamous

computer viruses is the Trojan virus. But security

software is plentiful and you can install a program to

protect your computer, at least from known bugs.

Fraud and Misrepresented Facts

Many criminals easily commit fraud against

unsuspecting victims in the digital age by misrepresenting

the facts. For example, an employee might intentionally

input false information into a company database or

intranet. Or consider the "Nigerian prince email," where

an online predator attempts to steal money from

targeted consumers by gaining access to a shared bank

account.

Social Media Cyberbullying

Cyberbullying has gotten a great deal of press,

particularly when young victims attempt to harm

themselves or commit suicide in response. It's not limited

to the Internet and social media sites, although attacks

in this venue are common, Messages might come via text

or through apps. They might include comments like,

"You're so ugly and stupid, you should just kill yourself."

Although cyberbullying is considered to be a trend among

teenagers and older children, adults have gotten involved

as well.

4. Make research about what is happening to

“PANDEMIC.” How do you visualize the Pandemic?

Give all your incites.

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a dramatic loss

of human life worldwide and presents an unprecedented

challenge to public health, food systems, and the world of

work. The economic and social disruption caused by the

pandemic is devastating: tens of millions of people are at

risk of falling into extreme poverty, while the number of

undernourished people, currently estimated at nearly 690

million, could increase by up to 132 million by the end of

the year.

Millions of enterprises face an existential threat.

Nearly half of the world’s 3.3 billion global workforces

are at risk of losing their livelihoods. Informal economy

workers are particularly vulnerable because the majority

lack social protection and access to quality health care

and have lost access to productive assets. Without the

means to earn an income during lockdowns, many are

unable to feed themselves and their families. For most,

no income means no food, or, at best, less food and less

nutritious food.

The pandemic has been affecting the entire food

system and has laid bare its fragility. Border closures,

trade restrictions, and confinement measures have been

preventing farmers from accessing markets, including for

buying inputs and selling their produce, and agricultural

workers from harvesting crops, thus disrupting domestic

and international food supply chains and reducing access

to healthy, safe, and diverse diets. The pandemic has

decimated jobs and placed millions of livelihoods at risk.

As breadwinners lose jobs, fall ill, and die, the food

security and nutrition of millions of women and men are

under threat, with those in low-income countries,

particularly the most marginalized populations, which

include small-scale farmers and indigenous peoples, being

hardest hit.

Millions of agricultural workers – waged and self-

employed – while feeding the world, regularly face high

levels of working poverty, malnutrition, and poor health,

and suffer from a lack of safety and labor protection as

well as other types of abuse. With low and irregular

incomes and a lack of social support, many of them are

spurred to continue working, often in unsafe conditions,

thus exposing themselves and their families to additional

risks. Further, when experiencing income losses, they may

resort to negative coping strategies, such as distress

sale of assets, predatory loans, or child labor. Migrant

agricultural workers are particularly vulnerable, because

they face risks in their transport, working, and living

conditions and struggle to access support measures put in

place by governments. Guaranteeing the safety and

health of all agri-food workers – from primary producers

to those involved in food processing, transport and retail,

including street food vendors – as well as better incomes

and protection, will be critical to saving lives and

protecting public health, people’s livelihoods, and food

security.

In the COVID-19 crisis food security, public

health, and employment and labor issues, in particular

workers’ health and safety, converge. Adhering to

workplace safety and health practices and ensuring

access to decent work and the protection of labor rights

in all industries will be crucial in addressing the human

dimension of the crisis. Immediate and purposeful action

to save lives and livelihoods should include extending

social protection towards universal health coverage and

income support for those most affected. These include

workers in the informal economy and in poorly protected

and low-paid jobs, including youth, older workers, and

migrants. Particular attention must be paid to the

situation of women, who are over-represented in low-paid

jobs and care roles. Different forms of support are key,

including cash transfers, child allowances, and healthy

school meals, shelter, and food relief initiatives, support

for employment retention and recovery, and financial

relief for businesses, including micro, small and medium-

sized enterprises. In designing and implementing such

measures governments must work closely with employers

and workers. Countries dealing with existing humanitarian

crises or emergencies are particularly exposed to the

effects of COVID-19. Responding swiftly to the

pandemic, while ensuring that humanitarian and recovery

assistance reaches those most in need, is critical.

Now is the time for global solidarity and support,

especially with the most vulnerable in our societies,

particularly in the emerging and developing world. Only

together can we overcome the intertwined health and

social and economic impacts of the pandemic and prevent

its escalation into a protracted humanitarian and food

security catastrophe, with the potential loss of already

achieved development gains.

We must recognize this opportunity to build back

better, as noted in the Policy Brief issued by the United

Nations Secretary-General. We are committed to pooling

our expertise and experience to support countries in

their crisis response measures and efforts to achieve

Sustainable Development Goals. We need to develop long-

term sustainable strategies to address the challenges

facing the health and agri-food sectors. Priority should

be given to addressing underlying food security and

malnutrition challenges, tackling rural poverty, in

particular through more and better jobs in the rural

economy, extending social protection to all, facilitating

safe migration pathways, and promoting the formalization

of the informal economy.

We must rethink the future of our environment

and tackle climate change and environmental degradation

with ambition and urgency. Only then can we protect the

health, livelihoods, food security, and nutrition of all

people, and ensure that our ‘new normal’ is a better one.

To say that the novel coronavirus (COVID 19)

pandemic has changed the world would be an

understatement. In less than a year since the virus

emerged — and just over 6 months since tracking began

in the United States — it’s upended day-to-day lives

across the globe. The pandemic has changed how we work,

learn and interact as social distancing guidelines have led

to a more virtual existence, both personally and

professionally. Unsurprisingly, the pandemic has

triggered a wave of mental health issues. Whether it’s

managing addiction, depression, social isolation, or just

the general stress that’s resulted from COVID-19, we’re

all feeling it. Many are also feeling overwhelmed by the

constant, sometimes shifting, and conflicting flow of

information around the virus and the pandemic.

While much of the world has come to a stop at

times during the pandemic, the need for health care has

not. Some skipped or delayed preventive health care

visits because of the pandemic even though health care

providers have gone to great lengths to ensure that

keeping those appointments is safe for everyone.

From lifestyle changes to better eating habits,

people are using this time to get healthier in many areas.

Eating and exercise are new areas of focus, some

increased their exercise frequency during the pandemic,

perhaps a sign that more people are embracing the

advantages of working out from home while gyms remain

a risky venture. There’s more to healthy living than just

exercising and food, the pandemic has them paying more

attention to certain risk factors for other health issues.

Additionally, the pandemic is motivating people to take

better care of more serious issues. Throughout the

pandemic, we’ve seen both benefits and drawbacks of

being cooped up with family for long periods. And there’s

certainly been added stress for families who have had to

deal with remote learning situations for school-aged

children. Despite these concerns and the difficulties

faced throughout the pandemic, we managed to find

positives in their experiences. While quarantine and

social distancing were difficult, it’s made them value

their relationships and reevaluate how they spend their

time and life goals. The pandemic has changed our way of

life forever but we can still have hopes for the future.

5. Another one is the SAP distribution, visualize the

people who are asking for SAF. What can you say

about them?

The target beneficiaries of SAP (Social Amelioration

Package) are families belonging to either the poor or

informal sector, which is at risk of not earning a living

during the Enhanced Community Quarantine. They may

have at least one member belonging to any of the

following vulnerable or disadvantage sectors. These are

the people whom the government prioritizes in giving aid

amidst the pandemic. While most beneficiaries deserve

the said aid, I think some shouldn't be on the list. Some

are already 4Ps Beneficiaries, and some can provide. I

believe that most of the beneficiaries are not worthy of

the aid provided by the government simply because they

are negligent and have given society a hard time to

progress. They handle their money most absurdly; they

prioritize their wants over their need, then cry to the

government for help, saying that what they have given

can barely help them through the week. Again, not all

SAP Beneficiaries are the same. I know some are

grateful that they're included in the aid, especially in

those trying times where things stopped for a while.

6. Know where to find information on local and

national news, political, and events? Make a

descriptive analysis of the national news, political

and even events.

We can find our information on the things

happening around us, especially in our country which is

made up of 7,000+ islands. News and political events are

relevant to the Filipino people for it deeply affects their

lives and their future. Nowadays, we use social media

sites such as Facebook and Twitter as our news source

instead of the traditional newspaper in the morning

whilst having a cup of coffee. But somehow, fake news

out wins news that is verified and fact-checked because

of how we use social media. It used to be that we could

have a civilized conversation about political ideas. We

used to have civilized conversations about disagreements

in terms of issues, in terms of values, in terms of

ideologies. What makes democracy work is that we can

look across the aisle and have a decent conversation. But

much has changed since the proliferation of what is

commonly called fake news on social media platforms.

Fake news is divided into two types: misinformation and

disinformation. Misinformation is false information that

is unintentionally disseminated on online platforms. There

is no propaganda intention; mostly there is no political

intention. Disinformation is intended to convince online

users to favor a group or individual political perspective.

Disinformation is orchestrated, it’s funded, and planned.

In politics, it’s run by professionals. It could also be

because the journalist unable to properly gather all the

information necessary for a story or properly

comprehend what has been gathered from different

sources. The major mistakes would have to do with

crucial data. As well as analyses that would tend to

disregard other aspects of the data that are gathered. A

journalist must have a good understanding of the issue

being reported and the materials gathered from various

sources; otherwise, the reporter risks providing wrong

information to his superiors and the unwitting public.

Journalists who may have reported the news by mistake

must be quick to admit fault and amend their errors,

especially at a time when information is disseminated at a

rate faster than it used to be. News stories are aired

and published only via traditional platforms such as

television, radio, and newspapers.

7. Give the challenges to Digital Literacy

Education. Explain
 Digital literacy is the ability to find, evaluate,

create, and communicate information on digital platforms,

including computers and mobile devices. Digital literacy

doesn’t replace traditional ideas of literacy, but rather

builds upon them to address competency related to

computers another digital devices, the internet, and

social media.

For teachers, digital literacy has implications for

both curriculum and teaching methods. The use of

computers in the classroom, educational software

integration, and expanding access to school materials via

the internet are part of digital literacy, as is students’

mastery of foundational computer skills, such as

manipulating input and output devices, navigating and

managing file systems, and using search and navigation

tools. Teaching students’ skills and practices related to

digital information—verifying the credibility of online

information, using digital resources ethically, protecting

online privacy—is also part of digital literacy.

Digital literacy addresses the growing need for

critical analysis of digital content, teaching students to

assess its source, credibility, and quality. Digital literacy

instruction engages students’ cognitive abilities, asking

them to apply critical thinking skills to their actions,

behavior, and social engagement on digital platforms.

Social media’s explosive growth has made information

literacy and digital citizenship increasingly important

components of digital literacy. Analysis of online news

and advertising teaches critical thinking skills and

prepares students to identify credible information

sources.

Lessons in responsible digital communication and

ethical use of digital resources (proper citations,

treatment of copyrighted material) better equip them

for their academic and professional careers. Privacy and

security are also components of digital literacy. Teaching

students to understand their digital footprints—personal

information actively and inadvertently shared online—

makes them less likely to fall victim to criminal behavior,

such as cyberbullying and identity theft.

Among the challenges facing students and teachers

is the digital divide. Disparities remain among various

populations regarding access to digital technology, be it

hardware, software, or basic internet access. For

teachers, the growing expectation that school

curriculums will address digital literacy sometimes

outpaces resources and training.