severe convective weather operational

nowcasting

Lesson 8:tornado warning part2

Xiuming Wang
China Meteorological Administration Training Centre, Beijing

2020.07
 supercell tornado warning
signatures
• 1)strong Mesocyclone(DV>40m/s)
Leading time 20-30min

• 2）medium M at low level(DV>30 0-3km )

• 3)TVS(tornadic vortex)

• 4）Dual-Pol Torando Debris Signatures

8 July 2003 later night, 23:20-23:30; Anhui Wuwei,
EF2-EF3 tornado,16 died，166 injured

CAPE 2754 CIN 45J/kg

20:00 BST 500hPa blue
850hPa red ；925hPa gray
 22:55

0.5

+7 - 24 RV15.5m/s 80km away from rad 1.3km ARL

22:49 0.5 ° 22:55 0.5 °

LLDV=31m/s

23：01 0.5 °

significant convergence
TVS

20min before torando

23：06 0.5 ° 20030708 23：06

1.5

12m/s -24m/s TVS DV

23:12
23：01 23：06 23：12

2.4

1.5

0.5
 庐江 无为

23:18
 “6.23” Funing Tornado
From 14:00 to 15:00 on June 23,
2016, an EF4 tornado occurred in
Northern Jiangsu Province. 98 people
have been killed and 800 injured.
At 14:08 on June 23, 2016, tornadic supercell storm, the radial velocity(left) and
reflectivity(right) at 0.5 degree elevation angle (top), and the radial velocity(left)
and reflectivity(right) at 6.0 degree elevation angle (bottom)
At 14:19 on June 23, 2016, tornadic supercell storm, the radial velocity(right) and
reflectivity(left) at 0.5 degree elevation angle (top), and the radial velocity at 2.4
° (left,bottom)at 9.9 °elevation angle (right,bottom)
14:31 on June 23, 2016, a tornadic supercell storm, the reflectivity(left) and radial
velocity(right) at 0.5 degree elevation angle (top), the radial velocity at 2.4 degree
(left) and 6.0 degree elevation angle (bottom)
 J

K J K J

K
K J K J

Cross sections of reflectivity (a, d) and radial velocity (b, f) across the
tornado vortex center at 0.5°elevation ( along the white line from
“K” to “J” at Fig. 3c and 3f) at 15:15 BT (upper panels) and 15:21 BT
(bottom panels). The solid orange inverted triangles denote the
locations of the tornado, the green inverted triangles denote TVS, the
There are two vortices in the East and west of 15:12:47, green solid triangles show the hail index
and the vortex in the west(red circle) is generated by the secondary outflow
20160605 Hainan
15:1255 west vortex moves eastward rapidly
15:1257 west vortex is about to merge into the eastern deep vortex;1302 mergered
14:37 14:44

The WenChang multicellular storm propagating along the sea-breeze

front and the 3D reflectivity images at 14:37 BT (left) and 14:44 BT (right)
Haikou storm

The tornadic storm

propagating westward
under the influence of
enhanced sea-breeze
and its intersection
with outflows from the
Haikou storm，and
radar reflectivity from
the Haikou radar at
1.4°elevation on 5
June 2016 at 14:37 BT
(a), 14:44 BT (b),
14:50 BT (c), 14:56 BT
(d)
 15:02BT 15:08BT

15:15BT 15:21BT

new storm initation and deveopment to tonadic storm in 10min where the two oufflow boundary
intersection in see breeze
 A

Radar reflectivity at 6.0°elevation (left top) and radial velocities at 9.9 elevation (right top ),
0.5°elevation (left bottom), 6.0°elevation (right bottom) at 15:02 BT from Haikou radar
 A
B

Radar reflectivity at 6.0°elevation (left top) and radial velocities at 9.9 elevation (right top ),
0.5°elevation (left bottom), 6.0°elevation (right bottom) at 15:08 BT from Haikou radar
 B

Radar reflectivity at 6.0°elevation (left top) and radial velocities at 9.9 elevation (right top ),
0.5°elevation (left bottom), 6.0°elevation (right bottom) at 15:15 BT from Haikou radar
 M The tornadic misocylone formed where
D’ the two outflows intersected at the sea
M
breeze. The stretching of the deep,
strong updraft above the tornado
Deep
Strong vortex is the main physical process of
Shollow updraft the tornadogenesis. There are three
updraft
factors contributing to the extremely
Outflow Outflow
strong lifting, i.e., the PBL convergence
M of outflow boundary intersection, the
Outflow Outflow T large positive buoyancy and the vertical
perturbation pressure gradient
low Vortex low Vortex associated with the low pressure
induced by the strong mesocylone at 6-
9km above above the ground

The conception model of

torandogenesis