Safe Operating Procedures for

Seismic Drilling and Blasting

CAGC BESTPRACTICE
First Published 06 – 2009
Update 04 – 2016
Update 10 – 2017
Update 06 – 2018
Last Update 01 – 2020

Canadian Association of Geophysical Contractors

6806 Railway Street SE Phone: 403 265 0045
Calgary, Alberta E-mail: info@cagc.ca
T2H 3A8
 Best Practice

5
Table of Contents
Disclaimer 3

Acknowledgements 4
Introduction 5
Certification and Training 6
Definitions 8

Responsibilities 12
Owner, Employer, Supervisors, Workers

Safeguarding Drills 20

PROCEDURES
Worker’s Clothing 22
Daily Drilling Procedures 22
Daily Checks 23
Supervision Of Drillers and Driller’s Helpers By Drill Push 23
Heli-Portable Drilling 24
Drill Rig Inspection And Maintenance 25
Dust Suppression 26
Working Alone 26
Alberta, British Columbia, Saskatchewan 27
Preparation & Use of Explosives 29
Use of Detonating Cord In Data Acquisition 31
Electronic Detonators 33
Delayed Blowouts 34
Ground Disturbance 35
Overhead Power Lines 36
Fire Prevention and Suppression Responsibilities 37
Alberta, British Columbia
Regulations and Standards 38

APPENDIX
Appendix I - Safe Operating Distances for Radio Transmitters 41
Alberta 42
Saskatchewan 42
British Columbia 43
Appendix II – Example of a Drill Rig Inspection Checklist 44
Appendix III – Limits of Approach
Alberta 47
British Columbia 47
Saskatchewan 48
Appendix IV – Seismic Flagging Colours 49
Appendix V – Caution Areas on Seismic Drill Rigs 50

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DISCLAIMER

This document provides information to members of the Canadian Association of Geophysical Contractors (CAGC)
wishing to establish or adopt a set of guidelines for Safe Operating Procedures for Seismic Drilling and Blasting. The
Best Practice herein sets out in general principal the actions necessary when conducting operations in any type of
terrain and is intended to be used as a guide only and should not be considered all inclusive.

Upon its release to membership, the following Best Practices have been amalgamated into the Safe Operating
Procedures for Seismic Drilling and Blasting Best Practice and will thus be obsolete:

 Blowout/Delayed Blowout Procedures (Date of last revision: January 2006)

 Drilling Alone (Date of last revision: January 2006)
 Safe Operating Procedures for Seismic Drilling (Issued in January 2006)
 Use of Detonating Cord In Seismic Data Acquisition (Date of last revision: January 2006)

Every effort has been made to supply accurate and up to date information, however, the CAGC assumes no
responsibility for the accuracy, adequacy, or completeness of any information presented within and is not responsible
for any errors, omissions or outcomes obtained from the use of such information. In the event of any conflict,
discrepancy, error, or omission between the information presented in this manual and the applicable current
provincial and/or federal health and safety regulation, the provisions in the provincial and/or federal regulation will
prevail.
The members of this Best Practice Development Committee, or the companies, or organizations they represent make
no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with the publication or the contents of any recommendation,
and hereby disclaim liability or responsibility for loss or damage resulting from the use of this document in whole or in
part or any violation of statutory or regulatory requirements with which any recommendation may conflict.

The information in this publication is intended as a guide and does not provide the only acceptable method of dealing
with the subjects contained herein. It is not a definitive guide to government regulations and does not release users of
this document from their responsibilities under applicable legislation.

The CAGC assumes no liability in providing Best Practices. In each case, company personnel should conduct their
own due diligence by way of performing specific testing, research, development and implementation of individual
methods of controls and should familiarize themselves with all applicable government regulations.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Acknowledgements for participation on the committee originally established to prepare this Best Practice are listed
below, with the individual's company of employment at the time of contribution:

Government:

 Bob Ross Saskatchewan Ministry of Advanced Education Employment and Labour

OHS
 Budd Phillips WorkSafeBC
 Yan Lau Alberta Employment & Immigration

Industry:
 Al Stanley Austin Powder Ltd.
 Ed Kapala Destiny Resources Ltd.
 Myles Bagby Austin Powder Ltd.
 Richard S Randall Orica USA Inc

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INTRODUCTION

The purpose of this Best Practice is to ensure all personnel involved within the Seismic Drilling and Data Acquisition
Industry are aware of the safe operating procedures surrounding these areas.

The Safe Operating Procedures for Seismic Drilling and Blasting Best Practice has been developed to inform Prime
Contractors and/or Seismic Drill Contractors of the government regulations regarding the safe operating procedures
for Seismic Drilling and Blasting and to provide a set of general procedures to ensure Seismic Drillers and Drill
Helpers are not working alone.

By providing this Best Practice the CAGC hopes to reduce the risk of workplace injuries for all Seismic Drillers,
Driller’s Helpers and Blasters.

These guidelines are intended to establish the minimum standards of practice for seismic drilling done within the
seismic industry.

Note: A Driller and/or the Driller’s Helper, as well as an Employer, can be cited for an offence for failing to comply
with the Occupational Health and Safety Act, Regulation or Code.

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Certification & Tr aining
Persons undertaking drilling/loading or blasting operations within the seismic industry must be qualified, certified
and trained in the following or be under the direct supervision of a person with the following qualification,
certification and training:

Seismic Blaster Safety Training certified through Energy Safety Canada)

 Minimum 18 years of age
 Minimum six months experience in seismic blasting operations
 Ability to communicate effectively in the English language, both orally and in writing
 Current Standard First Aid certification or equivalent
 Be physically capable of safely carrying out the duties of a blaster
 Blasters must obtain and maintain a personal log of all blasting work that they have performed

WorkSafeBC s.21.8(d) of the BC OH&S Regulation (see below) all students attending the Energy Safety
Canada Seismic Blasters Safety Training Course will be required to confirm they possess a copy of their
Explosives Regulatory Division approval letter (or acceptable equivalent) when registering to take the
blasting exam and to present this proof to the blasting examiner. The following are considered acceptable
equivalence: NEXUS card; FAST card; Permis General; Firearms Possession or Acquisition License (PAL).

Section 21.8(d) of the BC OHS Regulation ("Regulation") states: A candidate for a blaster's
certificate must

(a) be at least 18 years of age,

(b) demonstrate a satisfactory knowledge of the English language, both written and spoken,
(c) be physically capable of safely carrying out the duties of a blaster, and
(d) forward written proof acceptable to the examining officer that
(i) the candidate has had at least 6 months experience in blasting operations as an
assistant to a blaster, and/or
(ii) the candidate's character, knowledge, qualifications and experience would make
the candidate competent to handle explosives.

Screening - Application for Approval Letter can be downloaded from the following link

https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/sites/www.nrcan.gc.ca/files/explosives/pdf/Final-20140521-F08-01E.pdf

Saskatchewan Explosives Permit Requirement

Blasters conducting work in the province of Saskatchewan must also apply for an explosives permit
issued by the Minister and pay the prescribed fee of $50.00 (Fee at the time of printing).

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 Certification & Tr aining
Manitoba Blasters Certificate Requirement
,
Manitoba accepts an interprovincial permit/certificate as proof of training for the purpose of obtaining
a Manitoba Seismic Blasters Certificate.

The candidate would need to fill out a transfer application at no cost, and include
Inter-provincial permit/certificate,
Current passport quality photo, and
Criminal Record Check from the closest RCMP to residence. (Crimes not allowed include
involving guns, explosives, or violent with weapons)

The Manitoba Seismic Blasters Certificate is valid for three (3) years.
as per Manitoba Regulation MR217/2006 34.3(d) a person must hold a Manitoba issued seismic
blasters certificate in order to blast in Manitoba.

The inter-provincial seismic blaster permit/certificate would be accepted as proof of training.

The statement made in the introduction of the Seismic Blasters Safety Training Registration Information form
“ the permit/ certificate is valid in Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Yukon and Northwest Territories, and
is accepted as proof of training for the purpose of obtaining a blaster permit in Saskatchewan.”, should read “
the permit/ certificate is valid in Alberta, British Columbia, Yukon and Northwest Territories, and accepted as
proof of training for the purpose of obtaining a blaster permit/ certificate in Manitoba and Saskatchewan.
This would remain in effect until such time as an amendment to the Manitoba Regulation could be made.

Other Training requirements will include some or all of the following

 General Orientation; Wildlife Awareness, Bear Awareness; Minimum Provincial Standard of First Aid;
 WHMIS; Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System; TDG; Transportation of Dangerous Goods
 H2S Alive ; Supervisor Leadership for Health & Safety in the Workplace; An industry approved driver’s safety
course;
 S-100 Basic Fire Suppression and Safety (for operations within B.C.); Valid Driver’s License.; Ground
Disturbance

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Definitions

Best Practice

A Best Practice is a set of guidelines. In this document it is operational procedures and or methodologies as
compiled by CAGC members gleaned from experienced, knowledgeable, independent, industry and government
sources.

A Best Practice provides CAGC member companies, operators or users with a resource that allows them to
approach an issue with a predefined method of work that has been identified by our industry as the “Best” way to
tackle the issue.

Blaster

A person who is the holder of a valid Blaster’s Certificate issued by a jurisdiction to handle, prepare and fire
explosives.

Blasting Area
An area extending at least 50m (165 ft) in every direction from a place where explosive materials are being
prepared or fixed, or where an unexploded charge is known or believed to exist.

Blasting Machine:
An electrical or electromechanical device which provides electrical energy for the purpose of energizing
detonators in an electric blasting circuit.

Dangerous Incident
Means an incident or near miss occurrence caused by, or as a result of, the use of explosives; this also
includes an unexpected result or problem with explosive product.

Competent Person

Alberta
"Competent" in relation to a worker, means adequately qualified, suitably trained and with sufficient experience
to safely perform work without supervision or with only a minimal degree of supervision.

British Columbia
“Qualified" means being knowledgeable of the work, the hazards involved and the means to control the
hazards, by reason of education, training, experience or a combination thereof.

Saskatchewan
“Competent” means possessing knowledge, experience and training to perform a specific duty.

“Competent Worker” with respect to a particular task or duty, includes a worker who is being trained to perform
that task or carry out that duty and who is under close and competent supervision during that training.

“Train” means to give information and explanation to a worker with respect to a particular subject-matter and
require a practicable demonstration that the worker has acquired knowledge or skills related to the subject
matter.

Deflagration

Means the process of subsonic combustion propagating through heat transfer, hot burning material heats the next
layer of cold material and ignites it. Most "fires" found in daily life, from flames to explosions, are deflagrations.
(Detonation is supersonic propagation through shock waves)

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Definitions

Detonator

A blasting cap, electric blasting cap or other like device used to detonate explosives.

Detonating Cord

A cord containing explosives of sufficient strength to detonate other explosives.

Electric Detonator (Part 21: BC Blasting Operations in OHS Safety regulation)

Means a detonator, other than an electronic detonator, designed for, and capable of, initiation by means of an
electric current and includes a resistorized electric detonator.

Electric Igniter (Part 21: BC Blasting Operations in OHS Safety regulation)

Means a device designed for, and capable of, initiating deflagration in another explosive by means of an
electric current.

Electronic Detonator (Part 21: BC Blasting Operations in OHS Safety regulation)

Means a detonator that uses stored electrical energy as a means of powering a programmable electronic
timing delay element.

Error Ratio

The range of success a detonator will detonate. Based on the manufacturer’s specifications this range will likely be
+/- 0.02 Ohms.

Explosive
Any chemical compound, mixture, or device, the primary or common purpose of which is to function by
explosion.

Explosive Material

Explosives, blasting agents and detonators are synonymous in this documents. The term includes, but is not
limited to, dynamite and other high explosives, slurries, emulsions and water gels; initiating explosives;
detonators (blasting caps) detonating cord, igniter cord and igniters

Galvanometer
An electrical resistance instrument designed specifically for testing electric detonators and circuits containing
them. It is used to check electrical continuity.

Initiating Device (Part 21: BC Blasting Operations in OHS Safety regulation)

Means a device used to initiate a deflagration or detonation but does not include a detonator or electric igniter

Heli-portable Seismic Drilling

A heli-portable drill consists of two units, a drill and a compressor which supplies air to the air hammer. These drills
are transported to and from the line and individual source points by helicopter.

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Definitions

Isolated Location
An area where people other than the workers involved in the work project are not likely to be, and excludes
frequently traveled roads, or a recreation area when it is likely to be used by people.
Legwire:
The two single wires or one duplex wire extending out from an electric detonator

Loading:
Placing explosive material in a shot hole.

Magazine:
Any building, structure, or container, other than an explosives manufacturing building, approved for the
storage of explosive materials.

Misfire

Means a charge, or part of a charge, which failed to completely detonate or deflagrate, as applicable
For Information: Refer to separate CAGC Misfired Charges Best Practice (BP-11)

Powder:
A common synonym for explosive materials

Primed Charge:

An explosive material with a detonator or blasting cap inserted for the purpose of initiating the blast.

Radio frequency transmitter (Part 21: BC Blasting Operations in OHS Safety regulation)
Means an electronic transmitting device which radiates radio frequency waves and includes an AM, FM, CB, and
VHF radio, TV, radar, cellular telephone, wireless or remote control device, global positioning system and radio
navigational beacon.
Shunt: (Part 21: BC Blasting Operations in OHS Safety regulation)
Means the act of closing an electrical circuit to prevent or minimize the potential for an electrical charge or
current to unintentionally reach an explosive by

a) Using an electrically conductive, non-ferrous clip or foil

b) Twisting together the lead wires or leg wires
c) Using a short pin, or
d) Using other means recommended by the manufacturer

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Definitions

Seismic Driller

A Seismic Driller shall be:

 A competent person in charge of, and responsible for the safe working operations of a drill rig;
 A person knowledgeable of the applicable regulations and codes for the seismic industry and the safe
operating procedures for seismic drilling;
 A person responsible for ensuring that the helper is capable of operating and driving the drill unit;
 A person physically capable of operating the seismic drill rig without threat to the health and safety of
themselves or others.

Seismic Driller’s Helper

A Seismic Driller’s Helper shall be:

 A person who is an assistant to the Driller and is under the supervision of the Driller at all times;
 A person physically capable of operating the seismic drill rig without threat to the health and safety of
themselves or others;
 A person familiar with all functions of the equipment and its controls.

Seismic Drill Push

A Seismic Drill Push shall be:

 A competent person in charge of, and responsible for the safe working operations of a drilling crew;
 A person knowledgeable of the applicable regulations and codes for the seismic industry;
 A person responsible for ensuring that the Driller and the Driller’s Helper are competent and capable of
operating and driving the drill unit is a safe manner;
 A person that ensures all aspects of Ground Disturbance is adhered to according to Federal and
Provincial Regulations and Industry Best Practices.

Seismic Drill Rig

A seismic drill rig is a rotary drive drill or earth-boring machine used to drill seismic shot holes in preparation for a
dynamite seismic survey.

The seismic drill rig shall be of a design and standard, capable of performing the function for which it is intended.

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RESPONSIBILITIES - Employer

Employers need to ensure the safety of all workers on their worksites and ensure the workers themselves know
their responsibilities and duties. Employers are responsible for implementing equipment audits to ensure the
drill unit meets or exceeds all standards in relation to safety equipment, first aid supplies, placards and signage,
explosive and detonator magazines, emergency shut downs (rotary controls that automatically return to the
neutral position and kill switches) and mechanism guards. It is the responsibility of the Employer to ensure
these audits are being conducted on a regular basis (how often will vary according to each Employer and
should be outlined in the hazard/risk assessment). The Employer should also ensure that safe practices are
being reviewed regularly i.e; verifying the continuity of the detonator caps before and after loading, detonator
cap placement, the loading process, keeping proper documentation etc.

Alberta
Employers need to ensure the safety of all workers on their worksite, however this can sometimes be a shared
responsibility with Contractors and Prime Contractors – each of whom have due diligence responsibilities as
Employers. All Employers have a duty to ensure that their workers know of their responsibilities and duties
under the Occupational Health and Safety Act, Regulations and Code.

Employers are also obligated to ensure that the previously mentioned Act, Regulations and Code are readily
available to workers.

British Columbia
Employers have one or more persons working for them in or about an industry, through either a hiring contract
or an apprenticeship contract. Owners, Prime Contractors and Service Contractors are likely to be Employers in
the workplace.

Saskatchewan
Employers have the most control over the conditions of work and how it is to be done. They therefore have the
greatest legal and moral responsibility for health and safety in the workplace. Employers must take all
precautions to protect the health, safety and welfare of workers on the job. Important ways to do that include:

 Providing all the information, training, and education workers need to safely do their jobs. This includes
proper orientation, information and training about specific machinery or substances, safety procedures,
and associated risks;
 Training supervisors to make sure they know and obey legal health & safety requirements and company
health & safety policies, practices and procedures;
 Check to make sure everyone is following workplace health and safety policies, practices and procedures.
If the rules are broken, take action to prevent it from happening again;
 Establishing an occupational health committee (or designating a worker representative in smaller
workplaces) to help identify and control health and safety hazards and address health and safety issues
raised by workers. Always consult and co-operate with the committee or representative;
 Having a system in place to report and investigate accidents and near misses. Information from
investigations should be used to review and improve health and safety policies, practices and procedures;
 Put in place the needed plans, procedures and equipment to deal with emergencies, such as fires,
explosions, major releases of hazardous materials, violence act/events or natural hazards;
Provide appropriate medical and first aid facilities;
 Providing and ensuring personal protective equipment is used when needed;
 Setting up a policy to prevent harassment in the workplace.Verify every training topic was correctly
understood via a practical demonstration. For example- toolbox meeting attendance signatures
plus written script of the training content fails to meet the
due diligence standard because there is no documentation capturing the required practical
demonstration. Employers may therefore be charged as they didn’t train their workers.

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RESPONSIBILITIES - Owner

Alberta
The term Owner in respect of a work site means the person in legal possession of the work site or, if the person
in legal possession does not request the work, the person with an ownership interest in the work site who
requests that the work be done.

British Columbia
The term Owner includes a trustee, receiver, mortgagee in possession, tenant, lessee, licensee or occupier of
any lands or premises used or to be used as a work place. An Owner is also considered to be a person who
acts on behalf of an Owner as an agent or delegate.
Under the Workers Compensation Act of British Columbia, every Owner of a work place must :
 Provide and maintain the Owner’s land and premises that are being used as a workplace in a manner that
ensures the health and safety of persons at or near the workplace;
 Give to the Employer or Prime Contractor at the workplace the information known to the Owner that is
necessary to identify and eliminate or control hazards to the health or safety of persons at the workplace;
 Comply with the Workers Compensation Act, the regulations and any applicable orders.

Saskatchewan
The term Owner includes a trustee, receiver, mortgagee in possession, tenant, lessee or occupier of any lands
or premises used or to be used as a place of employment. The term also includes any person who acts for or
on behalf of a person mentioned above, as that person’s agent or delegate.

Owners must take reasonable precautions to ensure that any premises or equipment over which they have
control is maintained and does not endanger the health and safety of people working with it.

Prime Contractor

Alberta
The Prime Contractor shall ensure, as far as reasonably practical that the Occupational Health and Safety Act
and the Regulations are complied with in respect of the work site. One of the ways to meet this obligation is to
establish and maintain a system or process that will ensure compliance with the previously mentioned Act and
Regulations.
Effective Jan 1, 2013, all worksites with more than one employer must have a prime contractor. This will now
default to the owner unless a written agreement is in place to delegate the duties. It used to be that an owner
could sequentially schedule different contractors to have sequential exclusive access to a site to evade the
prime contractor duties. Now that “at the same time” provision has been stricken to invoke the prime contractor
requirements.
Prior to Jan 1, 2013, all the previously existing requirements were retained. They included:
1. OHS legislation compliance by all employers AB OHS Act S.3(3)
2. First aid services, equipment and supplies are available at the site OHS Code S.178
3. Serious injury incident investigations are carried out OHS Code S.18
4. Controlled products are managed AB OHS Act S.30

It should be understood that the controlled products inventory must include all controlled products
from all employers. This compels the prime contractor to compile all the employer-specific
controlled products list into one site compendium. Also, the prime contractor must ensure all

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RESPONSIBILITIES - Owner

employers train their employees how to best reduce exposure to substances brought to site by other
employers, if there is a risk of exposure from one employers controlled substances to other
employers.

The new requirements are:

5. Equipment is erected/installed on behalf of prime contractor meets legislation. Examples include

toilet facilities, scaffolds, guardrails, garbage disposal systems, propane tanks, shared entry/exit
ramps & portable ladders, and fall protection anchors OHS Code S2(1)
This section pertains to structures and facilities jointly used/shared by multiple employers. For
example, if a portable ladder is used as a means to access an area by multiple employers, then the
prime contractor is as equally bound as the employer that set-up the ladder, to ensure it meets
legislative requirements.

If the ladder is exclusively used by one employer for a temporary use, then only the employer that set up the
ladder is bound to ensure it meets code. The prime contractor’s duty requires that employers generally comply
with legislation, so the prime contractor’s obligation is incidental.
All services and structures used/shared by multiple employers bind the prime contractor equally
liable for compliance.

6. All worksites with two or more employers will have a prime contractor, regardless whether or not they will be
on site at the same time.

British Columbia
The Prime Contractor oversees the site and related work on a multiple-Employer workplace from a health and
safety perspective; a key responsibility of the Prime Contractor involves the coordination of the onsite
Employers health and safety programs’, including the responsibility to ensure that all OHS legislation is
complied with in respect of the worksite. They must have the knowledge and authority to carry out necessary
activities. Their specified duties are appointed by the Owner in a signed agreement.

Saskatchewan
All sites with more than one employer must have a prime contractor. If none is declared and communicated,
then the owner is the prime contractor by default. Prime contractors must:
1. Conspicuously post contact information for the prime contractor’s representative throughout the work site
2. Coordinate all activities on site that may affect the health and safety of workers to be sure the activities on
one group do not pose a risk to others
3. Verify that subcontractor employees are complying with the OHS Act, regulations, and instructions specific
to the Prime Contractor.
4. Write instructions for employees and subcontractors how/when items 2 and 3 will happen safely
5. Ensure that the all work being done does not place a different group of workers at risk
6. Ensure that the Prime Contractor representative or supervisor is competent
7. Write a Prime Contractor Plan and distribute it to employers and self-employed persons before they start
working on site
8. Cooperate with any other person who is performing a duty required by the Act or regulations.
Since it is the Prime Contractor’s duty to ensure all work done on site meets the requirements of law,
modelling safe behaviors and demonstrating compliance when executing their duties is the best way to
ensure this.

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RESPONSIBILITIES - Owner

SaskatchewanIf another Employer or a self-employed person is hired under a contract (written or

verbal) and "directs" the activities of that Employer or self-employed person, they will be
considered a contractor under The Occupational Health and Safety Act, 1993.

Contractors are responsible for anything which is not under the direct and complete control of that
Employer or self-employed person, and are not responsible for those things which are under the direct
and complete control of the Employer or self-employed person.

Contractors are also required to provide the Employer/self-employed person with any information that
could affect their health and safety, or the health and safety of the workers.

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RESPONSIBILITIES – Seismic Driller

Seismic Driller

A Seismic Driller is responsible for:

 The safe working operations of a drill rig; this includes having both the Driller and Driller’s Helper present
at the same time while preparing and loading shot holes;
 Knowing the applicable regulations and codes for the seismic industry and the safe operating procedures
for seismic drilling;
 Ensuring the drill unit meets or exceeds all standards in relation to safety equipment, first aid supplies,
placards and signage, explosive and detonator magazines, emergency shut downs, mechanism guards
etc;
 Ensuring the drill unit is in good repair and safe operating condition (this can be achieved by conducting
daily inspections);
 Ensuring that the Driller’s Helper is capable of operating, maintaining and driving the drill unit;
 Visually inspecting the area around the source point location prior to drilling, for any hazards that may
have been missed during the initial hazard assessment;
 Providing adequate supervision of the Driller’s Helper as they load the shot hole;
 Ensuring the Driller’s Helper is available and able to provide assistance when drilling;
 Ensuring that both the Driller and Driller’s Helper are physically capable of operating the seismic drill rig
without threat to the health and safety of others;
 Ensuring skids/offsets are properly documented and communicated at the time of repositioning;
 Reporting any and all incidents to the Drill Push that result in injury, loss or damage to vehicles and/or
equipment or damage to the environment. Any and all near miss or near hit occurrences must also be
reported to the Drill Push within 24 hours of occurrence;
 Ensuring permit tags are positioned in accordance to the relevant exploration rule or directive
o Properly displayed at each shot hole;
o Securely affixed in a location that is visible;
o Legible and include all the required information; and
o No more than 10 metres from each centre source point.

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RESPONSIBILITIES - Supervisors

Alberta

A Supervisor (e.g. Seismic Driller) is a person who has charge of a work site (e.g. Drilling rig) or authority over a
worker (e.g. Seismic Helper)

They must be competent to supervise workers; take all precautions to protect worker health and safety; ensure
workers work in accordance to legislative requirements; ensure workers use hazard controls and personal
protective equipment (PPE); ensure workers are not subjected to, or participate in harassment or violence;
advise workers of all known or reasonably foreseeable hazards; report OHS concerns to the employer; cooperate
with any person exercising duty under legislation; comply with legislation

British Columbia

A Supervisor (e.g. Seismic Driller) is a person who instructs, directs, and controls workers in the
performance of their duties. A supervisor can be any worker — management or staff — who meets this
definition, whether or not he or she has the supervisor title. If someone in the workplace has a supervisor's
responsibilities, that person is responsible for worker health and safety.

They must ensure the health and safety of all workers under their direct supervision; know the WorkSafeBC
requirements that apply to the work under their supervision and make sure those requirements are met;
ensure workers under their supervision are aware of all known hazards; ensure workers under their
supervision have the appropriate personal protective equipment, which is being used properly, regularly
inspected, and maintained.

Saskatchewan

A supervisor (e.g. Seismic Driller) is an individual who is authorized by an employer to oversee or direct the
work of the employer’s workers

Under The Saskatchewan Employment Act, supervisors must:

• Understand and ensure compliance with workplace health and safety requirements;
• Co-operate with the occupational health committee, ensure that it functions properly, and ensure all
workers support committee members in their health and safety activities;
• Make sure hazards are identified and proper steps are taken to eliminate the hazards or control the risks;
• Inspect work areas and correct unsafe acts and conditions;
• Instruct and coach workers to follow safe work procedures;
• Ensure only authorized, competent workers operate equipment;
• Ensure equipment is properly maintained;
• Ensure the necessary personal protective equipment is provided to workers and used properly;
• Know how to safely handle, store, produce, and dispose of chemical and biological substances at the
workplace;
• Understand and implement emergency procedures;
• Report and investigate incidents (meaning accidents and dangerous occurrences);
• Promote health and safety awareness;
• Co-operate with other parties in dealing with health and safety issues;
• Ensure that workers under their direct supervision are sufficiently supervised; and
• Ensure that workers under their direct supervision are not exposed to harassment at their workplace.

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RESPONSIBILITIES - Supervisors
Regardless whether the supervisors work for the Prime Contractor, subcontractor, or are self-employed, they
must:

 Instruct and train workers to follow health and safety policies, practices and procedures;
 Enforce company health and safety policies, practices, and procedures;
 Ensure necessary personal protective equipment is provided and properly used by workers;
 Understand proper emergency procedures and ensure workers follow them when necessary;
 Where appropriate, know about the safe handling, use, storage, production and disposal of
chemical and biological substances;
 Ensure only authorized and properly trained workers operate equipment;
 Report and investigate accidents and near misses;
 Inspect the work area and take corrective action to minimize or eliminate hazards;
 Adhere to the general duties set forth in Part III, section 17 of The Occupational Health and Safety
Regulations, 1996.
 Ensure health and safety for all workers under their direction
 Ensure all directions given comply with Act and regulations
 Ensure that workers under the supervisors direction also comply with Act and regulations
 Ensure workers are not exposed to bullying or harassment at the worksite
 Cooperate with any other person who is performing a duty required by the Act or regulations
 Comply with the Act or Regulations.

If the three most import aspects of real estate are location, location, and location, then the three most important
compliance strategies for a supervisor are document, document and document. The field notes from a
supervisor are invaluable in establishing a due diligence defense. Good field notes record date, time,
circumstance, direction given, notifications/reports and outcome, planned follow-up.

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RESPONSIBILITIES - Workers
Alberta

Workers (e.g. Driller’s Helper) have a legal duty to work safely, and to follow health and safety rules set out by the
Employer and in workplace safety legislation.

Every worker shall, take reasonable care to protect the health and safety of themselves and the other workers
present while working; co- operate with the their Supervisor, Employers or any other person for the purpose of
protecting the health and safety of themselves, other workers engaged in the work of the Employer and other
workers not engaged in the work of that Employer, but present at the worksite at which that work is being carried out;
Use and wear PPE as designated by the employer or the Act at all times; refrain from causing or participating in
harassment or violence; report to their Supervisor or Employer any unsafe or harmful work site acts or conditions;
know, understand and comply with their rights under legislation,

British Columbia

Workers play a significant role in planning, particularly where field decisions are made that affect them. Workers
should demonstrate their commitment by having and following a personal safety plan that is structured to address
personal standards and proven work practices. To follow the personal safety plan would give them a consistent
thought process and approach to ensure theirs and others safety while carrying out their work. Workers should not be
afraid to ask for clarification if they are unsure or confused.

Workers must be aware of other activities and people in their area when they plan their daily work such as any well
service, completions, tree falling etc. Workers must plan to operate equipment safely, considering slope limitations,
and critical work processes. Machine maintenance should be planned so equipment can be accessed safely.
Equipment should be maintained to a safe standard and capable of doing the job safely. When equipment is
moving/operating, no one should be in the danger area of the machine or work process.

 Workers are aware of those parts of the site safety plan that could directly affect them and others in the
immediate area;
 Workers plan to ensure that work is conducted safely;
 When working alone or in isolation, Workers have a reliable plan to summon assistance;
 Workers adjust their plans when necessary to ensure safety while complying with the site requirements;
 Workers inform others and the Supervisor if changes to the work plan affect others or compromise safety;
 Workers have instruction in planning and work layout, including hazard identification and assessment;
 Supervisors review plans with Workers on a regular basis.

Saskatchewan
The responsibilities of the Worker in Saskatchewan are as follows:

 Understanding and following legislation and workplace health and safety requirements;
 Following safe work procedures;
 Using safety equipment, machine guards, safety devices, and personal protective equipment;
 Reporting unsafe acts and workplace hazards;
 Reporting accidents, near accidents, injuries, or illnesses immediately;
 Working and acting safely and helping others to work and act safely;
 Co-operating with the occupational health committee and others on health and safety issues.

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Safeguarding Drills

Safeguarding is the first line of defense when ensuring the safety of workers who are operating powered machinery
and/or equipment- especially when those workers are exposed to the hazard of rotating parts. The term “safeguard”
is an umbrella term for measures that give workers effective protection from harmful contact with hazardous
moving/rotating parts or other harmful conditions.

Safeguards include barrier guards, safety devices, shields, awareness barriers, warning signs etc., that are used
separately or in combination; alternatives to barrier guards can include interlocked movable barrier guards, two-
handed controls, and electronic presence-sensing devices etc.

When mitigating the hazard that a rotating stem presents, there is a hierarchy of controls employers should take into
consideration:

The main concern of WorkSafeBC, in relation to hazard exposure, is the rotation, connection and removal of the drill
stem during seismic drilling operations. To be in compliance with BC legislation, employers are required to ensure
their workers are not coming into contact with a stem while it is rotating. This can be achieved by the implementation
of safeguards on seismic drills or, alternatively, two-handed controls (pull down and rotary, positioned far enough
apart that they cannot be operated with one hand) and neutralized controls (i.e. when released they automatically
return to the neutral position). Other engineering controls that can also be considered to mitigate this hazard are:

 A work procedure for speed control (i.e. Idling down) when engaging the Kelly pin for coupling/decoupling
using mechanical means;

 Slips for holding the bottom drill stem in place when coupling/decoupling if using mechanical means to rotate
on or off the Kelly pin;

Two- handed controls must be:

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Safeguarding Drills

 Protected against unintended or accidental operation;

 Separated or otherwise designed to require both hands to activate controls, means no hand-and-elbow or
one- handed operation (300-400 mm (12-18.7 in) symmetrical in front of the body);

 Designed so that both hands must be released before another cycle can be initiated. The design should also
prevent the operator from tying down one of the controls by using tape, rubber band, wedge, etc.;

 Located a safe distance from the nearest hazard so that the operator cannot reach it with a hand or other body
part before the rotation has stopped. This safe distance is calculated using a “Hand Speed Constant” of 1,
600 mm per second, considered the speed of a person reaching into a machines point of operation to
retrieve an object or correct a fault;

 Subject to CSA Z432-04 Safeguarding of Machinery Table 4: Recommended Ergonomics Control

Parameters:

Note: Two-handed controls alone may not provide sufficient safeguarding. Additional safeguards may be required to
protect workers other than the operation (i.e. no go zones when drill stem is rotating).

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WORKER’S CLOTHING

Both the Driller and Driller’s Helper will wear their protective clothing at all times throughout the working day.

 Because synthetic outerwear, such as polyester, helps to generate static electricity workers should wear
only natural fibre outer clothing;
 Workers must not wear loose clothing or have long loose hair that could contact moving equipment.
 Hard hats and safety footwear must be worn at all times. Specific to legislation, the appropriate hard hat is
to be worn when conducting certain activities (DOT Approved helmet for ATV/UTV/Snowmobile usage
versus CSA Approved hard hats for drilling activities);
 A proper reflective safety vest or equivalent must be worn at all times;
 Adequate hearing and eye protection must be used at all times;
 A procedure must be in place to effectively control the hazard of silica dust and particles. The procedure
should include the use of appropriate respiratory protection (to be used at all times), that describes how
the dust or particles will be suppressed either via water or an appropriate vacuum or venting system.

DAILY DRILLING PROCEDURES

 At no time will the Driller try to operate the drill beyond the capabilities of the drill rig;
 Power lines can appear in both remote and populated areas. Therefore, a careful visual check must be
taken at all times when the mast is raised or, when the rig is moved with the mast up;
 Repairs or service must not be attempted while rotary machinery is running;
 Visually check for buried facility signs and reference all existing buried facilities documents before drilling;
 Pressure must be completely released before breaking any line or connection. Check the gauges;
 When drilling on an auger type drill or a heli-portable drill, only the person drilling shall handle the slip;
 For safety consideration, drill units with rotary controls that automatically return to the neutral position are
required;
 Hands and feet must be kept clear of the rotating drill stem;
 When using a pipe wrench, extreme caution must be exercised at all times;
 Extreme caution must be used when drilling in summer operations to ensure that the exhaust system is
protected from underlying grasses - which could catch on fire.;
 Before commencing work, verify that all energy sources have been effectively locked out and/or de-
energized.

DAILY CHECKS

 The Driller and Driller’s Helper shall be aware of the location of the nearest medical centre and should be
capable of communicating with that centre. All drill rigs must have radio communications;
 Prior to the start of the daily drilling operations, the Driller should check the drill rig carefully to make sure it
is suitable for the day’s work. These checks should be recorded and documented;

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 The Driller will ensure that the vehicle is properly equipped with a first aid kit and appropriately charged
fire extinguishers;
 Ensure the proper separation of fire sources (i.e. propane tanks are kept away from explosive material or
magazines);
 The installation and use of seat belts is mandatory;
 Defensive driving training is recommended;
 A work travel plan or journey management plan and expected time of return should be filed or
communicated to the Drill Push before leaving base camp. Personnel check procedures, such as
checking in with the Drill Push upon arrival should also be followed;
 The Driller should ensure that adequate lighting is on the drill rig to enable the job to be performed safely;
 All drills must be equipped with a well-marked, operable kill switch; kill switch should be tested daily.
Personnel must be aware of restarting procedures;
 All fittings, connections and hydraulic hoses must be of a standard to operate in a safe manner. Mud
pumps must have proper pressure gauge and relief valves and high pressure hoses must be equipped
with whip-checks;
 The relief valve must be operated as designed and must be guarded with the blowpipe directed towards
the ground. The mud lines must be secured to the mast and to the drill;
 All shafts, sprockets and gears must be guarded. If guards must be removed for maintenance work, they
must be replaced before the machinery is put back into operation;
 Ensure magazines are kept in an appropriate condition and that regular inspections are being conducted;
 Ensure appropriate iButton checks are conducted according to the Employers’ procedure policy.

For more information on iButtons please refer to the CAGC’s iButton Use for Security Surveillance on
Explosives Magazines Best Practice.

SUPERVISION OF DRILLERS and DRILLER’S HELPERS BY DRILL PUSH

One of the key responsibilities of the Drill Push is to ensure adequate supervision of the Driller and the Driller’s
Helper; this would include:

 Conducting a thorough orientation with the Drill Crew prior to job start up. This orientation should include
topics such as:
o Hazard identification and site hazards and control measures.
o Emergency Procedures.
o Personnel check in procedures.
o When to use a galvanometer at the shot hole and the expected values of galvanometer readings.
o Acceptable galvanometer ranges.
o Verification of continuity after plugging the shot hole.
o Ensuring that correct abandonment procedures are established and followed for shot holes.
o Provision to attempt proximity detonation when necessary.

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 Ensuring the drill crew is maintaining a consistent drill log; this includes: skids/offsets are being properly
documented, checking the continuity of detonators before and after loading, detonator placement,
properly recording the resistance readings, and loading process etc;
 Ensuring the drill crew thoroughly understands, and is familiar with the expected resistance outcomes
when testing the continuity of all detonators. This would include familiarity with the “error ratio”, knowing
when a resistance reading is too high or too low and knowing how to proceed depending on the
resistance reading that is received;
 Conducting daily meetings that include documented reviews of exclusions, buffers, special areas that may
be encountered etc;
 Communicating any follow-up action to be taken in the event of a potential misfire (i.e. detonator fails
continuity check once the shot hole has been loaded);
 Ensuring GPS coordinates have been recorded in the drill log for all skids/offsets;
 Ensuring skids/offsets are recorded by the Driller, on the drill log at the time of repositioning. The skid
should then be re-surveyed to the original standard of the projects requirements and GPS coordinates
recorded in the drill log;
 Verifying the location of any skids that are within 200m of a pipeline. Skids must be documented in the
Driller’s Log;
 Ensuring permit tags are being properly positioned and displayed after the completion of each shot hole.

HELI-PORTABLE DRILLING

A heli-portable drill crew normally consists of 4 to 6 drills, a Driller and Driller’s Helper for each drill, a Line
Coordinator and a Front End Person (or Coordinator Helper).

During drilling operations and explosive loading procedures:

 There will be two competent persons present at each drill at all times.
 The drilling equipment will be moved by helicopter to source point locations on a seismic line in a linear
fashion.
 Once a Driller and Driller’s Helper have completed drilling and loading their assigned shot holes the Driller
has the following options:
i. Stay with the Driller’s Helper at the current shot hole location and assist them in hooking the drill
equipment to the helicopter long line, as well as assist in final clean up, or

ii. Walk up line to the next source point location providing a competent person (another Helper or Front
End Person) has been assigned to assist the Driller’s Helper.

 Once the Driller has arrived at the next shot hole location they are not to start drilling until the Driller’s
Helper has arrived or a competent person (Coordinator, Front End Person or another Helper) is there to
assist.

For additional, detailed information please refer to the CAGC’s Heli-Assist and Heli-Portable Best Practice.

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DRILL RIG INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE

Part of the Drillers job involves operating vehicle-mounted equipment, such as winches, pumps, booms, power
take-offs (PTO’s) and transfer boxes. It is the Driller’s responsibility to operate this equipment safely and
efficiently. Attempting to operate equipment without proper training may put the drill crew in danger. Before
working around mounted equipment, such as masts and winches, ensure all personnel are wearing the
appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).

To ensure the drill rig is functioning properly, it must be regularly inspected and properly maintained according
to the manufacturer’s specifications, by a competent worker. Preventative maintenance of mechanical, electrical
and hydraulic equipment allows personnel to spot and correct weaknesses before they become problems.
Through preventative maintenance, accidents and costly breakdowns can be prevented and equipment life can
be extended.

It is important to note that Employers must ensure that all equipment used on a work site will safely perform the
function for which it is intended, or was designed and is of adequate strength for its purpose and is free from
obvious defects. If the equipment has been modified beyond its original intended use, it must be re-certified by
the equipment manufacturer or a professional engineer.

It is also important to document all equipment inspections and maintenance. The benefits of doing so include
the following:

 Identifying deficiencies during inspection and maintenance activities provides an opportunity to learn and
take actions to prevent or reduce problems in the future;
 Safety program audits for the purpose of obtaining or maintaining a Certificate of Recognition (COR)
require that inspection and maintenance records be available;
 Documented inspection and maintenance records demonstrate regulatory compliance where such
activities are required;
 Documented inspection and maintenance records demonstrate due diligence in the event of an injury or
damage claim;
 Documenting inspection and maintenance activities leads to positive client perceptions of how companies
conduct business.

Examples of drill inspection and maintenance checklists are shown in Appendix II.

Equipment Specifications & Certifications

Equipment supplied by a manufacturing company should come with manufacturer’s specifications

indicating the equipment is capable of performing to the standards outlined in those specifications. If at
any time, modifications are made to any structural part of the equipment (e.g. the frame, ROPS, FOPS or
mast of the drill etc.); it must be re-certified by a professional engineer.

If the equipment is built in-house, purchased from a Supplier who builds the equipment themselves - and
that Supplier is not a manufacturing company; or there are no manufacturer’s specifications available for
the equipment being used, the equipment must be inspected and certified by a professional engineer.

Once the appropriate specifications and certifications have been obtained, Employers should ensure the
workers using that equipment are familiar with these specifications and that copies are readily available
(i.e. keep the master copy at the head office location and copies at the worksite or on the actual
equipment being used).

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DUST SUPRESSION

Hammer drilling in hard rock formations can present hazards to Seismic Drillers and Driller’s Helpers that auger
drilling may not; one of those hazards is exposure to silica dust. The disease related to overexposure to silica
dust is called “Silicosis.” Although commonly associated with underground mining and sandblasting operations
it has become evident through testing by governments and private companies, that at times Drillers and Driller’s
Helpers in the seismic industry can be exposed to levels of silica dust that far exceed occupational exposure
limits.

Relying solely on PPE such as respiratory protective equipment has been found inadequate for the purpose of
suppressing worker exposure to silica dust. In order to demonstrate pro-active due diligence, the inclusion of an
exposure control plan is required, along with the implementation of engineering controls such as drilling with
water or using an air system (blower).

For more information, please refer to the Dust Suppression on Seismic Drill Rigs Best Practice issued by the
CAGC.

WORKING ALONE

Within the seismic industry it is considered an unsafe act to drill or load shot holes while alone and the
practice of doing so fails to comply with industry standards, it is also considered immediately dangerous to
life and health. Drillers and Driller’s Helpers should refuse to work if exposed to this recklessly unsafe
condition. Employers are required to have trained all their employees about their company’s work refusal
procedures. In the case of seismic drilling, separation of workers by time and distance does not meet the intent
of the safety required for such high risk activities. Within this best practice guideline, “working alone” means any
of three factors: “Working alone”, “Drilling alone”, or “Handling explosives alone.” OHS regulations have different
requirements for each factor.

This Best Practice outlines further guidelines to follow to ensure the safety of all members of the drilling crew.

 At no time will the Driller operate the drill controls and add stem while alone. In cases where
the drill rig is mechanically designed to operate as a single person operation and there consequently
is no driller’s helper, another qualified aid provider must be readily at hand to notice that assistance is
needed. The Driller’s Helper must always be present whenever the drill is in the operating mode;
 When seismic drilling and shot hole loading of explosives is ongoing, a Driller and a Driller’s Helper
will not leave each other to work alone. Workers must always be in direct visual and verbal
contact with each other and be able to provide timely assistance if required;
 A method of communicating with the supervisor or first aid attendant on site must be
available while drilling. Normally communication consists of either a VHF radio mounted on the drill
rig or a hand held VHF radio; in heli-portable drill operations both the Driller and Driller’s Helper will
have a hand held radio. Please refer to Appendix I: Safe Operating Distances for Radio Transmitters
for more detail;
 If the Driller holds the Blasting Certificate then the Driller’s Helper must be under the direct
supervision of the Driller during the loading of explosives.
 If the Driller’s Helper holds the Blasting Certificate then the Driller must be under the direct
supervision of the Driller’s Helper during the loading of explosives.
 If either worker is injured or incapacitated while drilling, the other worker must be present to activate
 the Drill Emergency Shut Down procedure immediately, administer first aid and implement the
specific job Emergency Response Plan.

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All regulatory requirements for Working Alone must be followed in order to maintain the health and safety of all
personnel on the work site:
Alberta

Alberta OHS Code, Part 28 – Working Alone

https://work.alberta.ca/documents/WHS-LEG_ohsc_p28.pdf

• Section 393 – Application

• Section 394 – Precautions Required

It is recognized that seismic drilling and handling explosives is hazardous work. Thus having medical
assistance “readily available” such as having a medic somewhere on the project (summoned by
radio) is INADEQUATE to meet the medical needs of potential worst case injuries.

Instead, medical assistance must be “IMMEDIATELY AVAILABLE”, such as a first aid trained co-
worker close enough to maintain vocal contact, and to be able to begin first aid within one minute of
a serious incident.

Workers are ALONE when one or more of three critical safety factors are NOT in place:

a) TIMELINESS- either worker cannot render aid in a reasonably practical time period, e.g.the drill kill
switch cannot be activated and first aid begun immediately.

b) AWARENESS – either worker can neither see nor hear the other. No electronic alternative such as a
remote surveillance camera is available. Momentary breaks in line of sight or range of hearing are
permissible, provided the awareness break is known to be brief. The presence of alternate workers
nearby that are immediately available and trained to help are deemed suitable correction when the
primary helper is out of range.

c) WILLINGNESS- either worker does not know how to help, such as lack of first aid training, or lack of
training how to use the drill kill switch.

British Columbia

British Columbia OHS Regulation, Part 4 – General Conditions

https://www.worksafebc.com/en/law-policy/occupational-health-safety/searchable-ohs-regulation/ohs-
regulation/part-04-general-conditions

 Section 4.20.1 to 4.23 – Working Alone or in Isolation

4.20.1. Working alone or in isolation includes any circumstance where help would not be readily available in
an emergency or ill/injured.

4.20.2. Employers must identify hazards to any worker and will take measures to eliminate those hazards. If it
is not reasonable to do this, employers must minimize the risk to the lowest practicable level using engineering
controls, administrative controls, or both.

4.21.1. Employers must check up the well-being of their isolated or employees working alone at reasonably
practicable intervals. This written procedure must define the contact intervals, and steps to take when
isolated/alone workers do not reply. The procedures must also include rescue steps. Isolated/lone workers

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must be consulted when developing the procedures. The preferred method for checking is visual or two-way
voice contact, but where such a system is not practicable, a one-way system which allows the worker to call or
signal for help and which will send a call for help if the worker does not reset the device after a predetermined
interval is acceptable.

4.22.1. A worker described in section 4.21(1) and any person assigned to check on the worker must be
trained in the written procedure for checking the worker's well-being.

Saskatchewan

The Occupational Health and Safety Regulation, 1996, Part III – General Duties

http://www.qp.gov.sk.ca/documents/English/Regulations/Regulations/O1-1R1.pdf

 Section 35 – Working Alone or at Isolated Place of Employment

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PROCEDURES

PREPARATION & USE OF EXPLOSIVES

Preparation of the Charge

 After drilling the shot hole, remove only the required number of explosive cartridges for that shot. Couple
charges if necessary. Do not make-up more charges then are required to load and fire in one shot;
 Handle charges carefully. Do not drop or throw cartridges on the ground;
 Use pre-formed detonator wells when available;
 Use only an approved powder punch to make a cavity for the detonator;
 Do not use screwdrivers or any other steel implements for punching;
 Carefully insert cartridges onto the loading pole. Do not use undue force in punching. Do not hammer
punches. Do not swing axes or other steel implements at cartridges;
 If required to cut powder you must:
i. Use an approved powder knife;
ii. Cut on a soft surface such as the ground or on wood (never on a metal surface);
iii. Clean up any fragment of powder and drop it down the shot hole;

 Never cut cartridges in magazines or day-boxes.

Handling of Detonators

 Keep detonators away from open flame, sparks or heat sources;

 DO NOT SMOKE;
 Avoid impact on detonators. Do not attempt to pry detonators open to investigate the contents. Do not
attempt to pull the legwires out of detonators;
 Wear only natural fiber outer clothing. Synthetics such as nylon generate static energy;
 Ground yourself whenever possible to bleed away static charges prior to handling detonators. Many
simple actions such as sliding on a vehicle seat can generate static;
 Avoid excessive friction with plastics. When handling legwires use a hand over hand technique as
opposed to letting the legwires slide through your hands.;
 Minimize handling of detonators. Leave in containers until required. Do not carry detonators in your
pockets;
 Do not handle detonators during severe dust, snow or electric storms;
 Do not transmit on any radio when handling detonators as radio frequency energy can initiate detonators
under certain circumstances;

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 Keep legwires close to the ground to minimize any antenna effect for radio frequency pick-up do not throw
them up into the air;
 Avoid any contact between detonators or legwires and any sources of power such as electric cables, etc.
Avoid unnecessary contact with any conductor of electricity such as fences;
 MOST IMPORTANT – Never remove the shunt or separate the duplex wires until the charge is safely in
the shot hole, or until absolutely necessary.

Priming of Charge

 Remove only the number of detonators required for each shot hole;
 Check that the detonator is securely shunted. If there is any doubt, twist wire-ends together;
 Do not start priming until the shot hole is ready to load;
 Prime the charge by inserting the detonator firmly into the detonator-cavity. Never force the detonator into
the charge. Enlarge the cavity if necessary using a powder punch;
 Secure the detonator by making at least two half-hitches with the legwires around the cartridge;
 Check circuit continuity using an approved galvanometer after the charge is loaded into the shot hole –
but before the shot hole is plugged. When testing the continuity of detonators, the Driller and/or the
Driller’s Helper should be familiar with the expected outcomes of resistance, the error ratio of the
detonator being used and any actions to be taken if the continuity is outside of the specified error ratio;
 Once the shot hole has been properly plugged, re-check the circuit continuity using an approved
galvanometer;
 Never prime charges in advance of any immediate requirements;
 Never transport a primed-charge in a vehicle;
 Never drag primed-charges by the detonator wires;

Note: There are four possible outcomes when testing the continuity of any detonator - electric or
electronic; these are:
i. The resistance is too low indicating possible bared wires touching;
ii. The resistance is too high indicating possible broken wires in a wet shot hole;
iii. There is no reading indicating no circuit;
iv. The connection is good indicating the resistance is within range of the manufacturer’s
specifications.

Employers should have a procedure in place outlining what actions will be taken when a reading falls into any of
the first three outcomes; such as cleaning the wires that connect to the galvanometer or reloading the shot hole
if is it still open. For more information, please refer to the CAGC’s Misfired Best Practice.
Circuit testers do not measure resistance, nor do they detect short circuits or current leakage conditions. It is for
these reasons that the use of circuit testers within the seismic industry is not a recommended practice. In order
to determine resistance and continuity an approved galvanometer must be used at all times.

Loading of Charge

 Use drive-points to anchor the charge and to prevent upward movement;

 Re-check that the shunt is secure before starting to load;

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 Lower the charge slowly into the shot hole. If force is required to lower the charge, apply even pressure on
the loading pole. Do not hammer charges with loading poles;
 Use only approved wooden loading poles;
 Never drop-load a primed cartridge;
 Never drop-load cartridges on top of a primed cartridge;
 Re-check circuit continuity with an approved galvanometer, but only after the charge is loaded to depth;
 Ensure leg wires are protruding from the shot hole and have been shunted;
 Ensure shot hole plug is inserted to an adequate depth (typically 1m);
 Immediately log information after loading each shot hole;
 Ensure all drill cuttings or other material not required to fill the hole are spread evenly over the shot hole;
 Close day-boxes before proceeding to the next source point;
 Never expose your body or work over top of a loaded shot hole;
 When the day’s work is complete, return any unused explosives and detonators to the magazine in their
original cases;
 Do not travel over loaded shot holes.

Shooting

 Do not remove protective legwire shunts until ready to make final connections;
 Make sure all wire-ends are bright and clean before making connections;
 Do not transmit on any radio until ready to fire;
 Keep the firing circuit insulated from the ground or other conductors such as bare wires, rails, pipes, etc;
 Keep all electric wires or cables away from the blasting area until ready to prepare and fire the shot;
 Ensure that the blasting-machine is incapable of dispensing an electrical charge before making
connections. Touch firing-cable ends together to equalize any potential difference;
 Test circuits of all detonators using only an approved galvanometer;
 Withdraw all personnel to a safe distance and take cover before shooting. Charges may be shallower
than intended which could cause cratering and dangerous flyrock;
The minimum industry safe distance is 30 metres. No one should be within this zone while blasting -
including the Blaster;
 In the unlikely event that a charge is thrown from a shot hole, do not approach the charge until you are
sure it is not burning;
 Approach a detonated shot hole with caution even after the charge has detonated. Always be prepared
for delayed blow-outs and venting gases.

USE OF DETONATING CORD IN DATA ACQUISITION

Down-Hole Detonating Cord

Where detonating cord is required to be used as outlined in regulations and industry guidelines, it shall be
utilized in the following manner:

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 Detonators with short legwires will be used in conjunction with the detonating cord, and they should be
suitably identified as such. For example, the short legwires should be colour-coded differently than the
regular length legwires, and it shall be noted on the Driller’s log or other suitable documentation;
 Detonating cord should be cut in the appropriate and approved manner at least one meter shorter than
the depth of the shot hole. The Driller will then attach the detonator and put the legwire through the small
hole in the hole-plug;
 When the shot hole is complete and ready to fire, the detonator and detonating cord will be below the
surface of the ground and below the hole-plug. Cuttings will completely fill the shot hole where possible;
 After the shot hole is completed, the detonator must still be checked for continuity and whether or not the
wires have been shunted. Then it must be left to be shot in the appropriate and usual manner;
 The Blaster(s) responsible for shooting the shot hole will attach the firing line in the same manner, and
with the same procedures as with the regular-length detonator legwires. However, the position of the
Blaster with respect to the direction of the overhead danger may vary depending on the situation;
 At no time shall the detonating cord be left on the surface.

Low Energy Detonating Cord Initiation Systems (<=12 grains per foot)

Low energy detonating cord initiation systems are designed for use as energetic signal lines and as part of a
specially designed seismic energy source system. The following information is offered as safety guidelines for
this type of product usage:

 Only use charges, cord and detonators designed as part of a system and do not mix components of one
system with that of another. The use of products not designed as part of a system may cause misfires in
the field. Always follow manufacturer’s recommendations;
 Attach the cord to the charge in the correct manner and lower the charge into the shot hole with the cord.
In the case of multiple charges or charges determined to be too heavy for deployment with the cord alone,
other suspension methods should be used;
 Mark shot holes following all local, provincial and federal requirements. A magnet can be attached to the
cord and buried below the surface. The magnet is used for easy retrieval of the signal line. A short length
of cord may protrude from the shot hole and may be attached to a stake or other demarcation device;
 When the line is ready for firing, the Blaster should check the line for missing cord and report/record any
situation that may be odd or questionable. The Blaster should hook the surface detonator to the firing line,
then clip the detonator into the cord and if possible, bury the connection. The Blaster should then retreat
to a minimum of 30 meters away. The armed system should be tested with an approved galvanometer
prior to charging or initiation;
 With the area cleared, the Blaster may fire the shot or the shot may be fired from the Recorder (Observers
location) after a clearance confirmation has been signaled from the Blaster;
 The shot hole should be checked for remnants or pieces of unshot, low energy detonating cord. The
small pieces should be gathered and stored or disposed of according to local, provincial or federal statues
and according to manufacturer’s recommendation. The remnants of the surface detonator should also be
retrieved and handled in the same manner;
 Prior to leaving any detonating cord unattended on the surface, contact your explosive supplier to ensure
the proper usage of the system that will be used.

CAUTION: All detonating cord, no matter the grain load per meter, is classified by the Canadian Government
as Class 1, Division 1, Capability D (1.1D), with a UN number of UN0065.

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PROCEDURES

ELECTRONIC DETONATORS

There are numerous types of electronic detonator systems, each of which are differentiated from all other types
of detonators because of their utilization of a stored electrical energy device to provide energy for their firing or
timing and firing circuits. In addition to having an energy storage device for firing the igniter, electronic
detonators also differ from other detonators by utilizing an Integrated Circuit or an Application Specific
Integrated Circuit to provide millisecond precise timing as well as a level of communication and control over the
firing circuit. Electronic detonators typically incorporate additional internal components designed to provide
increased protection against accidental initiation from extraneous electrical energy (static, stray current, radio
frequency etc.).

Electronic Detonator Procedures

 When using a charge with a pre-formed cap well or a paper product, ensure the cap well is deep enough
to accommodate the length of the electronic detonator - no part of the detonator should be exposed when
loading the shot hole;
 Once the charge is primed and the shot hole is loaded, the detonator is to be logged or metered;
 When logging or metering electronic detonators, un-shunt the wires and insert exposed leads into the
ports on the logger or meter;
 Re-shunt the leg wires;
 After the shot hole is completed and properly logged, follow the manufacturer’s procedures for maintaining
data.

Although electronic detonators provide increased protection against accidental initiation, the same care used for
standard detonators should be practiced when handling and using electronic detonators.

MISFIRED CHARGES

For Information: Refer to separate CAGC Misfired Charges Best Practice (BP-11)

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PROCEDURES

DELAYED BLOWOUTS

Exposure Factors

Although delayed blowouts may only occur a small percentage of the time, the exposure and risk to Blasters
and Helpers are significant. To create a safe work environment for those people working in blowout and
delayed blowout situations some basic safe work procedures have been created and used by industry.

The most obvious exposure is when a Blaster or Helper approaches the shot hole after blasting in order to
“trash / clean” the shot hole.

If a significant delayed blow out occurs, there may be little or no warning signs. It is important to know the
following facts about blowout and delayed blowout conditions:

 The critical work zone is 15-30m (30-60m circle) around the shot hole;
 The Blaster is directly responsible for the Blasting Zone, which is 50m (100m circle) around the shot hole;
 Natural gas pockets form near the surface in some areas;
 Soft, wet or frozen ground conditions can contribute to delayed blow out problems;
 Poor loading procedures, specifically plugging of the shot hole, is a significant factor in delayed blowout
problems.

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PROCEDURES

Exposure Prevention

 Both the Blaster and Helper MUST maintain a safe distance outside the critical work zone, maintaining a
minimum distance of 30m (from the shot hole) while blasting;
 Allow a minimum of 30 seconds after detonation before approaching the shot hole;
 Observe ground conditions and remember that they may be a factor in delayed blow outs;
 Helpers must be specifically trained and supervised while working around shot holes;
 Drill crews must be trained and supervised in proper tamping methods and additional precautions should
be taken in areas where further exposure may be a concern.

GROUND DISTURBANCE

Persons involved with ground disturbing activities have specific responsibilities associated with their roles.
Responsibilities for drilling operations are listed below.

Ground Disturbers (Seismic Drillers)

As ground disturbers, Seismic Drillers are responsible for:

 Ensuring all conditions outlined in the crossing agreements, ground disturbance permits or checklists and
regulations are met during shot hole drilling (i.e. ground disturbance);
 Maintaining the buried facility locate marks for the duration of the assigned work;
 Maintaining the specified distances from the buried facilities;
 Ensuring that the shot hole does not go beyond the identified search areas unless a new search for buried
facilities is made;
 Contacting the Drill Push if any buried facility damage is found or caused. All damage is to be reported to
the Owner and appropriate government agency;
 Restoring the shot hole site to the specifications of the project Owner, the crossing agreement and/or
regulations (i.e. spreading of shot hole drill cuttings).

Ground Disturbance Supervisors (Drill Push)

As a ground disturbance supervisor, the Drill Push is responsible for:

 Communicating to the driller all conditions outlined in the crossing agreements, ground disturbance
permits or checklists and regulations with respect to shot hole drilling (i.e. ground disturbance);
 Ensuring locates are done, verified and communicated to the Driller;
 Ensuring that copies of locate documentation are onsite at all times during drilling (i.e. ground
disturbance);
 Maintaining clear communication with the Driller to identify any discrepancies;
 Reporting any strikes or near misses to the Project Manager;
 Ensuring pipeline crossings are done in accordance with the Pipeline Act.

For further information please refer to Industry Recommended Practice - Ground Disturbance in the Vicinity
of Buried Facilities.

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PROCEDURES

OVERHEAD POWER LINES

When travelling or working in the vicinity of overhead power lines, it is recommended that the following safe
work practices are implemented:

 Know the limit of approach for power lines. Limits of approach are shown in Appendix III;
 Lower the drilling mast when crossing under overhead power lines;
 Maintain a distance of the required limits of approach between drill units and power lines. If the voltage is
unknown, maintain a distance of at least seven (7) metres from the line;
 Stay at least ten (10) metres away from any downed power lines or exposed underground cables and
report either to the power utility and provincial regulators immediately;
 When hand signals are required, the only task for either the Driller’s Helper or the Driller is to keep the drill
unit away from any power lines;
 The Drillers Helper and the Driller must be clearly visible to each other and able to communicate;
 Signaling instructions must be clear and known to both the Drillers Helper and the Driller;
 Use detonating cord to initiate explosive charges when the shot hole is closer than sixty (60) metres from
any power lines. This will avoid long lengths of wire being thrown up onto the power line in the event of a
blow out.

Accidental Power Line Contact

When a live electrical line contacts a piece of equipment, or the ground, the electrical current travels in all
directions. If a drill rig accidentally contacts an overhead power line or underground power cable, the following
actions should be considered:

 Call 9-1-1 and the electrical utility company immediately. Keep all personnel away from the area;
 Do not touch someone in contact with a downed or exposed power line;
 Any personnel near the rig should hop with both feet together, away from the rig. DO NOT RUN;
 Any personnel on the drill rig should remain on the rig (unless it is on fire) until a utility employee says it is
safe to get off;
 Any personnel that cannot safely remain on the drill rig should jump clear of the drill rig, landing with their
feet together. They should then hop away with their feet together;
 Report contact immediately to the utility Owner and appropriate government agency.

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PROCEDURES

FIRE PREVENTION and SUPRESSION RESPONSIBILITIES

Alberta

During the fire season, which normally runs from April 1 to October 31, companies should have in place a policy
designed to effectively deal with wildfire prevention, suppression and wildfire emergency response.

During the fire season the following table below illustrates mandatory requirements for fire suppression
equipment as per the Forest Prairie Protection Act, Part I Regulation – Alberta Regulation Section 26:

Required Personnel Employed at the Site of Operations

Equipment
for Fire Control 1 2 3 4 5 6-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41+

Shovels 1 1 2 2 3 5 10 15 20
Backpack w.
0 0 1 2 3 4 10 15 20
Pump

Axe or Pulaski 0 1 1 1 2 3 10 15 20 Same as 31-40,

plus increase by
Fire Pump 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 Director.

Fire Hose 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 450m 450m

Power Saw 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1

Currently there are no existing training qualifications for the suppression of wildfires; however workers should be
familiar with how to report wildfires and how to properly use the required equipment for fire control.

British Columbia

Within the province of B.C. there is a legal requirement for those involved in high risk activities (seismic
operations) to be properly equipped with the appropriate fire-fighting hand tools in order to control the risk of
starting or spreading a wildfire.

Workers must also be trained on the correct procedures of fire-fighting and be physically capable to perform
these duties safely and effectively. This training must be provided annually to all workers who are required to
fight forest fires, with records of this training being kept by the Employer.

Note: Currently the only recognized standard of training for workers fighting fires is the S100 series developed
by the Ministry of Forests and Range, fire protection branch. This program is delivered by Private Trainers
throughout the province of BC.

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 EXPLOSIVES REGULATIONS, RESOURCE LINKS

Each province/territory has acts and regulations that may apply to such things as:

 New and Young Worker Orientation and Training;

 Refusal of Unsafe Work;
 Certification When Handling and Transportation of Explosives;
 Competency;
 Use of Equipment and Machinery;

It is the responsibility of all Employers to know and understand the regulations that apply to them within the
province or territory they are working. Regulations change according to a provinces/territories scheduled
revisions or interim legislation to cover a special need.

Websites are the best way of finding and keeping current on the legislation that exists in each
province/territory. An excellent website to use for looking up existing legislation is CanLII. CanLII is a non-profit
organization managed by the Federation of Law Societies of Canada. CanLII’s goal is to make Canadian law
accessible for free on the internet. https://www.canlii.org/en/ab/#search/jId=ab&text=blasting&origJId=ab

 CAGC – Canadian Association of Geophysical Contractors

Emergency Response Assistance Plan
24 Hour Answering Service (403) 265-0045
www.cagc.ca

 Natural Resources Canada – Explosives Regulatory Division

Calgary, Alberta Canada | Ottawa, Ontario Canada
(403) 292-4767 | (613) 948-5180
www.nrcan.gc.ca/mms/ | www.nrcan.gc.ca/mms/

Blasting Regulations

Federal
 Natural Resources Canada - Explosives Regulatory Division - Related Links List
http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/mms/explosif/link/link_e.html
 Transportation of Dangerous Good Regulations
http://www.tc.gc.ca/acts-regulations
 Explosive Act
http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/E-17/55504.html
Alberta
 Exploration Regulation
http://www.canlii.org/ab/laws/regu/1998r.214/20050211/whole.html
 Regulation 62/2003 Part 2 Permits And Certificate (Excerpt)
http://www.canlii.org/ab/laws/regu/2003r.62/20050211/whole.html
 Occupational Health and Safety Code Part 33 – Explosives
http://www.humanservices.alberta.ca/documents/WHS-LEG_ohsc_2009.pdf
 Alberta Exploration Regulation 284/2006
http://canlii.ca/t/lcm2

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 EXPLOSIVES REGULATIONS, RESOURCE LINKS

British Columbia
 Geophysical Regulation

http://www.bclaws.ca/EPLibraries/bclaws_new/document/ID/freeside/1215528698

 Occupational Health and Safety Regulations - Part 21 Blasting Operations

https://www.worksafebc.com/en/law-policy/occupational-health-safety/searchable-ohs-regulation/ohs-
regulation/part-21-blasting-operations

 Occupational Health and Safety Regulation and WorkSafeBC

https://www.worksafebc.com/en/health-safety/industries/oil-gas/types/seismic-exploration

Manitoba
 Manitoba Geophysical Regulation 228, 1994
http://petroleum.healthandsafetycentre.org/s/Reg-SeismicExploration.asp

 Workplace Safety Regulation, 2006, Part vi, Explosives

https://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/docs/ELECTRONIC/86249/97203/F1346198327/SGP86249.pdf
 Code of Practice for the Use of Explosives
https://www.gov.mb.ca/labour/safety/pdf/cop_useof_explosives.pdf

Newfoundland
 OHS - Mining Regulations
http://www.hoa.gov.nl.ca/hoa/regulations/rc961145.htm

Northwest Territories
 Northwest Territories Blasting Regulations

http://www.justice.gov.nt.ca/Legislation/..%5CPDF%5CREGS%5CEXPLOSIVES_USE/Explosives.
pdf
 WCB - Explosives Use Act, 1988
http://www.canlii.org/en/nu/laws/stat/rsnwt-nu-1988-c-e-10/latest/part-1/rsnwt-nu-1988-c-e-10-part-
1.pdf

 WCB Explosives Regulations, 1990

http://www.wscc.nt.ca/YourWSCC/Resources/Documents/Explosives%20Use%20Act/ExplosivesRegulat
ions_NT.pdf
Nova Scotia
 Blasting Regulations
https://www.novascotia.ca/just/regulations/regs/ohsblasting.htm

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 EXPLOSIVES REGULATIONS, RESOURCE LINKS

New Brunswick
 Health and Safety Act

http://www.gnb.ca/0062//regs/91-191.htm
Nunavut
 Nunavut (Federal)
http://www.canlii.org/eliisa/treeViewSearch.do?language=en&booleanQuery=%2BBlasting+%2Breg
ulations&dateStart=&dateEnd=&submit=Search&requestOrigin=treeView
Ontario
 OHS - Mining Regulation 854, Part VI – Explosives, 1990
http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/html/regs/english/elaws_regs_900854_e.htm#BK6

Prince Edward Island

 Occupational Health and Safety Regulation

http://www.gov.pe.ca/law/regulations/pdf/O&01G.pdf
Quebec
 Energy Regulations (French)
http://www.mrnfp.gouv.qc.ca/lois/lois-energie.jsp
Saskatchewan
 The Seismic Exploration Regulations, 1999
http://www.qp.gov.sk.ca/documents/english/Regulations/Regulations/M16-1R2.PDF
 Occupational Health and Safety Regulation
http://www.qp.gov.sk.ca/documents/English/Regulations/Regulations/O1-1R1.pdf
Yukon
 Yukon Blasting Regulation, Part 14, OIC 178/2006
http://www.wcb.yk.ca/Media/documents/OHSPart14blasting.pdf

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APPENDIX I - SAFE OPERATING DISTANCES FOR RADIO TRANSMITTERS

Alberta

Schedule 10 Minimum Separation Distances

Table 2: Minimum separation distances between explosives and fixed radiofrequency transmitters

Transmitter Power Minimum separation

(watts) distance (meters)
25 or less 30
26 – 50 45
51 – 100 65
101 – 250 110
251 – 500 135
501 – 1000 200
1001 – 2500 300
2501 – 5000 450
5001 – 10,000 675
10,001 – 25,000 1100
25,001 – 50,000 1500
> 50,000 By extrapolation of this data

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APPENDIX I - SAFE OPERATING DISTANCES FOR RADIO TRANSMITTERS

Alberta Cont.

Table 3: Minimum Separation Distances between Explosives and Mobile Radio Frequency Transmitters and
Cellular Telephones

Minimum separation distance (meters)

UHF
Transmitter 35 to 36 MHz public VHF
450 to 470 MHz public use
Power use 144 to 148 MHz amateur
cellular telephones
(watts) 42 to 44 MHz public 150.8 to 161.6 MHz Public Use
above 800 MHZ
use
5 or less 25 8 5
6 - 10 35 12 8
11 - 30 57 19 12
31 - 50 80 26 17
51 - 100 115 40 24
101 - 200 160 55 35
201 - 250 180 60 40
251 - 500 250 85 55
501 - 1000 355 120 75
1001 - 1500 435 145 95
1501 - 10000 1115 365 240

Note: The distances specified above are the minimum permissible distances between the nearest part of the vehicle or
the portable set and the nearest part of the blasting circuit.

Electronic detonators may allow for reduced setbacks; however a variance must be obtained from the applicable
provincial body (OHS, WorkSafe, and WCB etc).

Saskatchewan

When no regulation exists defer to the Saskatchewan Mines Regulations 2003 - Part XI

http://www.publications.gov.sk.ca/freelaw/documents/english/Regulations/Regulations/O1-1r2.pdf

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APPENDIX I - SAFE OPERATING DISTANCES FOR RADIO TRANSMITTERS

British Columbia

Institute of Manufacturers of Explosives (IME) publication SLP #20

Table 3 – Recommended Distances of Mobile Transmitters Including Amateur and Citizens’ Band Minimum
Distance (Feet)

VHF VHF
UHF 450 to 470 MHz
Transmitter MF HF 35 to 36 MHz 144 to 148 MHz
Public Use
Public Use Amateur

1.6 to 3.4 28 to 29.7 42 to 44 MHz 150.8 to 161.6 Cellular Automobile

Power (1)
MHz MHz Public Use MHz Telephone
50 to 54 MHz
(Watts) Industrial Amateur Public Use Above 800 MHz
Amateur
5 30 70 60 20 10
10 40 100 80 30 20
50 90 230 180 70 40
100 120 320 260 100 60
180 170 430 350 130 80
250 200 500 410 160 90
500 280 710 580 220 120
600 300 780 640 240 140
1,000 400 1,010 820 310 180
10,000 1,240 3,200 2,600 990 560

Table 4 – Citizens Band, Class D Transmitters, 26.96-27.41 MHz Recommended Minimum Distance

Type Hand-Held Vehicle-Mounted

Double Sideband – 4 watts maximum transmitter
5 ft. 65 ft
power
Single Sideband – 12 watts peak envelope power 20 ft 110 ft.
1) Power delivered to antenna.
2) Maximum power for two-way mobile units in VHF (150.8 or 161.6 MHz range) and for two-way mobile
and fixed station units in UHF (450 to 460 MHz range).
3) Maximum power for major VHF two-way mobile and fixed station units in 35 to 44 MHz range.
4) Maximum power for two-way fixed station united in VHF (150.8 to 161.6 MHz range).
5) Maximum power for amateur radio mobile units.
6) Maximum power for some base stations in 42 to 44 MHz band and 1.6 to 1.8 MHz band

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APPENDIX II – EXAMPLE OF ADRILL RIG INSPECTION CHECKLIST

Certificates/Permits/Licenses Driller Driller’s Helper Comments

Inter-provincial Blaster’s Certificate
Seismic Drilling and/or Ground Disturbance
Wildlife Awareness
Standard First Aid
WHMIS
TDG
H2S Alive/Awareness
General Oilfield Driver Improvement (GODI)
S-100 Basic Fire Suppression and Safety (B.C.)
Valid Driver’s License
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Driller Driller’s Helper Comments
Protective Footwear
Hard Hats
Eye Protection
Hearing Protection
Gloves or Mitts
High-Visibility Outer Wear
Clothing (clean, with no tears)
Drill Equipment Comments
Emergency Response Plan (ERP)
MSDS’s (for all controlled products)
Fire Extinguishers (2 – 20lb ABC units)
First Aid Kit (BC #2)
Seat Belt (3 inch)
Back-up Alarm
Beacon
Lights (front and rear)
Flood Light (mast)
Spare Tire

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APPENDIX II – EXAMPLE OF ADRILL RIG INSPECTION CHECKLIST

Drill Equipment Comments

Windows
Explosive Placards
Emergency Shut Down Switch
Escape Hutch
Fluid Leaks
Cleanliness
Pull Down Chains and Cable
Cable Clamps
Galvanometer
Shovel or Hoe
Proper Stringer Points
Powder Punch and Knife
Magazines (Two Type 6 – NRCan specifications)
Radio ( two-way, external speaker)
Warning Devices (flares and reflectors)
Rollover Protective Structures (ROPS) (track and
buggy)
Fluids (oils, greases, lubricants)

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APPENDIX II – EXAMPLE OF A DRILL RIG MAINTENANCE CHECKLIST

Unit: Date:
Mileage/Hours: Completed By:
Inspection Items (check condition of all items and note any required maintenance)
Engine Oil &
Lights
Filter
Engine Fluids – Power
Coolant Steering
Fuel Filter(s) Transmission
Belts –
Transfer Case
Steering & Fan
Windshield Rear end(s)
Windshield
Wheel Hubs
Wiper Blades
Battery & Windshield
Cables Washer Fluid
Air Filter Brakes

% of
Position Condition Winch – Oil Level
Wear
First Aid Kit
Right Front
(Fully Stocked)
Left Front 2 – 10 #
Fire
Right Outer Extinguishers 2–5#
Tires Rear
Left Outer
Inside
Rear General Vehicle
Right Inner Condition
Outside
Rear
Left Inner
Rear

Maintenance Performed Time Part No. Cost

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APPENDIX III – LIMITS OF APPROACH

Each jurisdiction has safe limits of approach that unauthorized persons may not work within; this includes any tools or
equipment that is used in the work being done. Limits of approach for Alberta, British Columbia and Saskatchewan
are listed in the following tables.

Alberta

Safe Limits of Approach from overhead power lines for persons and equipment.

Operating Voltage Between Conductors Safe Limits of Approach Distance for

of Overhead Power Lines Persons & Equipment

0-750 V – Insulated or Polyethylene

300 mm
Covered Conductors
0-750 V – Bare, uninsulated 1.0 m
About 750 V – Insulated Conductors 1.0 m
750 V – 40 kV 3.0 m
69 kV, 72 kV 3.5 m
138 kV, 144 kV 4.0 m
230 kV, 260 kV 5.0 m
500 kV 7.0 m

British Columbia

General Limits of Approach

Minimum Distance
Voltage Phase to Phase
Meters Feet

Over 750 V to 75 kV 3 10
Over 74 kV to 250 kV 4.5 15
Over 250 kV to 550kV 6 20

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APPENDIX III – LIMITS OF APPROACH

Saskatchewan

Minimum distances from exposed energized high voltage electrical conductors

Risk Factor
Non-Electrical Workers, Material, Equipment
Voltage Voltage to Ground (Meters)
Phase to Phase (kV) (kV)
230 133 6.1
138 79.8 4.6
72 41.6 4.6
25 14.4 3
15 8.6 3
4.16 2.4 3
0.75 0.75 3

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APPENDIX IV – SEISMIC FLAGGING COLOURS

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 APPENDIX V – CAUTION AREAS ON SEISMIC DRILL RIGS

Image courtesy of Alberta Employment and Immigration’s Safe Operating Procedures for Seismic Drilling (Safety
Bulletin IS004)

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