1,

Diversity factor :

The ratio of the sum of the maximum power demands of the subdivisions of any
electric power system to the maximum demand of the whole system measured at the
point of supply.

Load Factor :

It is an expression of how much energy was used in a time period, versus how
much energy would have been used, if the power had been left on during a period of
peak demand.

2,

Frequency all over a synchronous Power Grid is the same in steady state. It is very
important to maintaining a constant frequency or to frequency to vary over a very
narrow band in a power system operation. Frequency in a power system
is intimately related to the electrical speed of synchronous generators.

3,

The real power in a power system is being controlled by controlling the driving
torque of the individual turbines of the system.

4,

All the turbo- generators in the grid participating in the governing action tend to annul
the change in frequency by increasing or decreasing the generation. This mode of
governor operation compensates the change in frequency by change in
generation and is called Free Governor Mode of Operation (FGMO).

5,
6,

On load tap changers are the ones where taps in the transformers change
automatically as per loads variations.

The off load tap changers are Non automatic and are those transformers where you
can change the tap manually, if required, but with the transformer completely DE-
energized.

7,

The unit commitment problem (UC) in electrical power production is a large family

of mathematical optimization problems where the production of a set of electrical
generators is coordinated in order to achieve some common target, usually either
matching the energy demand at minimum cost or maximizing revenue from electricity
production.

8,

The incremental cost curve is obtained by considering the change in the cost of the
generation to the change in real-power generation at various points on the input
–output curves

9,

State Estimation is a process to estimate the electrical state of a network by

eliminating inaccuracies and errors from measurement data. The output of the state
estimator is therefore a set of voltage absolutes and voltage angles for all buses in the
grid.
10,

SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems are used to control and
monitor physical processes, examples of which are transmission of electricity,
transportation of gas and oil in pipelines, water distribution, traffic lights, and other
systems used as the basis of modern society.