Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • GK DUBEY Electrical Drive Examsfreak

    Uploaded by

    Jessi Marie
    36 views166 pages

    Original Title

    GK DUBEY Electrical Drive Examsfreak Copy

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf
    36 views166 pages

    GK DUBEY Electrical Drive Examsfreak

    Uploaded by

    Jessi Marie

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf
    of 166
    7, Preface to the Second Edition Preface to the First Edition Charter 1. Chapter 2. Cutarrer 3. Electrical Drives—An introduction 1.1 Electrical Drives 7 1.2. Advantages of Electrical Drives 2 13° Parts of Electrical Drives 3 1.3.1 Electrical motors 3 13.2 Power modulators 4 1.3.3 Sources § 1.3.4 Control unit 9 14 Choice of Electrical Drives 9 1.5. Status of de and ac Drives 9 Problems 10 Dynamics of Electrical Drives 24 Fundamental Torque Equations 17 2.2 Speed Torq Contents quadrant Operation 12 jue Conventions and Multi 2.3 Equivalent Values of Drive Parameters 14 23.1 Loads with rotational motion 14 23.2 Loads with \anslational motion 15 2.3.3 Mcasurement of Moment of inertia 17 24 Components of Load Torques 78 2.5 Nature and Classification of Load Torques 19 2.6 Calculation of Ti ity 23 Load Equalisation 24 Problems 28 28 Control of Ek lectrical Drives 3.1. Modes of Operation 32 32 Speed Control and Drive Classifications 34 33° Closed-Loop Control of Drives 35 331 Current-li mit control 35 ime and Energy-Loss in Tran: 2.7 Steady State Stabil sient Operations 20 rnd Cooling 45 a? eo Sg a3 sence dey oy Be me cnet ag Bkewdem pane war 5. de Mtoe Drives © ST MGM nd Ti eons ANS See cael 6! inzoeese Si cgantome $42 Tre ea mayo ig fel exced motor with “yah ane — oki epee motor Sa Rapin es ec eng 4 ned ey Seni si) 3 Coma Resi ba Fed Divo se Flynt Ree Cnr ot Spry thse Ha comaeg ja Sept chet Moe tos Cert Oo 12, Tre phe Fa er Seporey Ete Mone 11 ome te ‘Teepe acon Retr Cont of Seputly Exes Mr 118 5:14 Mileguadt Operon of Sear Ec Motor Fe rom uly cond Recta Tle BS Seneca S15 Reuter onel ofa Sores Stace Hie $16, Coa of Poco! pr 9 17 Soply Harmonie Power ator ad Ripple ia Meta Cen120 518 ChoppeeComaaca seme iat 519 Chopper Control of Seprly Et de Maes 122 520 Chopper Conte of Sene we 127 521 Souce Curent Harman in Chopper 131 522 Convener Rating and Cle Ip Con Proens 133 sa Inet a ieee a Higa _ co Seca tera 2 eee ea cee 2 Sapte aimee taeda es Se en ie Arana icon $e ae a, ies Soe ert cs be hoe beecry Hitters! rR a Sees cmats EY sys a sta 14 ete lage Sources | 186 Seen 221 ed eta dts of oeration 190 meee 9 Sede ty anh mee con Geen tener Raine oe VSI and SS Sst ae ee to from a Curtent Source 205 a tn 27 ree eet ae on ee tsincee emis by cfeae een es $s Sener, os nce onc au rare eran, ence ert ston an Cour ofS "tion Metre Sage 233 coca" Meow 24 Cuarite 7. Synchronous Motor and Brushless de Motor Drives TA Sypchnonowe Motors 244 Tyla ror wod ld 248 313 Slt wo a ee 29 1144 Sycoma fuace mon25) 113 Danger wing 21 16 tyres scent 251 33 Incr mane "32 Operation fom Fted Frequency Supply 252 ‘724 Staring 252 Late a2 patan 299 173 Tan ooo dirbnes 254 134 Belin. 288 Synehronots Motor Variable Speed Drives 256 TST Wate teueny corel 2 733 Modes of vanale ese ema 256 72. 13 14 715 Self-comuolled Synchronous Motor Drive Employing Load CCommutated ThyristorInverir 260 Starting Large Synchronous Machines 266 ‘Self-controlled Synchronous Motor Dive Erploying a Cycloconvener 267 Permanent Magnet ac Motor Drives 267 Sinusoidal PMAC Mowor Drives 268 a 1791 Serve dive employing soil PMAC mat fe fom acuent equlaed voltage sute mere 269 7.40 Brushless de (or Trapezoidal PMAC) Motor Drives 27 7101 Brahless de motor dave for serve aplesions 271, 7102 Low cot braless or ves 274 11403 moran eae snd aplicaions. 275 Problems 277 16 a 18 19 ‘Stepper Motor and Switched Reluctance Motor Drives, 8.1 Stepper (or Stepping) Motors 280 RIT Vanable rebetance 280 12 Permance magnet 287 513 Inport featres of stepper motors 285 S14 Torq ers eppine (pling) ate characteris | 285 13 Deve cea for epper motors 285 ar Switched (or Variable) Reluctance Motor 288 821 Operation ad onal equrements 289 £22 Comencr eats 299 a 823 Moves of praion 294 Problems 296 eres (Cuaerer 8. 82 Solar and Battery Powered Drives 9:1 Solar (or Photovolisi) Panels Variable Frequency Contol of Multiple Synchronous Motors. 25 i eon ea mates JIE lace 2 ae [a nl ee Trin Conraions is ls cf mainline and suburban trains 312 18 over Farad Harmosis, 214 12 encima wet 220 tay fey are Tcion Dies 27 Ind Terao 2? 181 Noon opti tn 729 It emer 30 9 cee Be 210 100 Coneninl anda Taon dives 390 {RHI Ten ies emp sins contol 321 "RH TS ange ond tome! 4 Spur 33 “IBM Sessa Cores Cone rive ‘2 Mes Tato pees m1 Tea Tsien ong 9 NE SePionductr Chopper Controle san st ins =e Tein neni Polyphase ac Mob 342 i Sects hanes ae MS ee ne ive Rating and Everey Consumption 373 4 CCuarrot 11. Energy Conservation in Electrical Drives Cunrren 12, Electrical Drive Systems and Components 10172 Oi ng dve ee here we de 10173 Daten nes sem edn sien edn tmartvuph deb ol eT Probie 35) Losses in Hletiel Drive Sytem 255, 112 Measures for Energy Comervatin in Elect Drives 356 113. Use of Effient Semiconductor Comesters 256 32 fepcone of ay conn coggs 16 1133 Replacement of Ward tcl ee 7 MA Use of Effelem Morar 357 US Use of Variable Speed Dives 357 LG Energy Eifiiet Operation of Dives 358 17 Improsement of Power Factor 360 ALS) Using a Motor of Right Rating 363 119. Improvement of Qualty of Supply 363 1.10 Use of Singe- 10 Thre Phase Semiconductor Convert in Rural Applications 364 1HLAL Regular and Preventive Maintenance of Motors, Transformers and Coupled Equipment 364 Problens 364 ILL. Blectviea Drive Systems 365 122 Components Used for Ossining Signals fr Interlocking and ‘Sequencing Operations and Pracction | 377 Problems 381 Brotoorarvy axo RerERENCES 383 Answers ro Noweica PRonsais 385 Electrical Drives: An introduction An introduction 1.1 ELECTRICAL DRIVES Motion control is required in large number of industrial and domestic applications like transportation systems, rolling mills, paper machines, textile mills, machine tools, fans, pumps, robots, washing machines etc. Systems employed for motion control are called drives ana may employ any of the Prime movers such as, diesel or petrol engines, Bas or steam turbines, steam engines, hydraulic motors and electric motors, for supplying mechanical energy for motion control, Drives employing electric motors are known as electrical drives. Block diagram of an electrical drive is shown in Fig 1.1. Load is usually a machinery designed to accomplish a given task, e.g. fans, pumps, robot: s, washing machines, machine tools, trains and drills. Usually load requirements can be specified in terms of speed and torque demands. A motor having speed-torque characteristics and capabilities compatible to the load requirements. is chosen. Power modulator performs one or more of the following four functions: J ef 4 Sensing Tatas unit Source }—+| — Power modulator ! Motor T I | \ ‘Control unit Input command Fig. 11 Block diagram of an electrical drive (i) Modulates flow of power from the source to the maltt in such a manner that i istis ired by the load. «ae imparted speed-torque characteristics requil 0 ah ; i i reversal, it restricts Soure (ii) During transient operations, such as starting, braking and eee Se eu ir and motor currents within permissible values; excessive current drawn fr y it or may cause a voltage dip. (iii) Converts electrical energy of the source in the form suitable to the motor, foes ‘ee som erin fanston i, 8 Ore aPprOpFggy | i ey ia omer paneer mi oe NN mya ch wvaly operates tm cs ene HH yg which Wl) PETES 3 muh ogg rade he per lat 38 sited, i my poner I ert and Hot command in eae cm nna te cont un Sea Smee a cooks esd YW FEGUY Ne 1 peeing “12” ADVANTAGES OF ELECTRICAL DRIVES | he an ity wae of he owing vanes: | | re tne elec cherie The steady-state and dynamic characteristics af dscns nd egienens. Sped can be conioled anit ‘eed nb cle awd ms. lestc biking cin be employed. Contal get ‘mre pe con suring ad hai sly simple a easy to operate “ny of nico omer crpayingtyitor, power transistors, [GBT and (TOs nw pa a ices hve made te contol charactvsis ve sels. Opal conrl steps canbe implemented ig etry oto minimime a suitable pesforman® aor fah deteston systems. Programmable le © somaicaly contol the drive operations i oe | ‘monte shel nd over, i Cake Bera cone sho ie onto at tm compl ne oie ower maintenance requiemens anne, MoEMLNgS, und so on, | Ye of ee i qm ait le. Eesvc braking gives sm | vgs to other fom of braking. Wht | ee hee i ahve, Thee fetes | frm 1 te TNs ay © a emt They ij etl Drier itaacion 3 eae ean bate he eee ey wae tom 4 {lesirical prime mover is sometimes first converted into electrical energy by a gencrauy ood bask mecca ene yan evan Bec nase ee a cise nen element tne fraemeictoeanee Cee the Id eieonts ae aly met Fr cg neice ss ee seshanil ene) prey lenge scenmnedmackesalonst one {ovate an! wifbeda deve ene muon siahomeleenene ana hee 1 generator and tre can be comtoled to shape speed equ ures and eer panic ts ‘meet ation or propulsion requirements the est pone maser, 1.3 PARTS OF ELECTRICAL DRIVES hectic hive has the following msrp: fad motor, power malar, cone id source Tete are lage number of lads and each oa a sown spec eguremee, Some ormmon aspects o loads ae discussed in Se. 25 and pei equreners of sone conan loads in later chapters. Here we examine four pars of eecicl drives: vz mr, powet rmodltrs, sources ad cot unt Sn de ne pe sa a tn a feet Teicaera ap ee See ae he a yt an end as gn ed a et sleteStmedsreraoaae can ity yo ees socio smn ais gntntctccsoaemieme sei ae ten pl eg Serratia non ik er ear coool en wnat ec mc ge th test et The aye enema SSeS SSP ies ate lhe wvanoge Toer petra ng oni Fr ie he fen ma thy rem ee ae serve tortor which pee ce wna ht ae i a geo oreo mene pres a een the Bshes ad th or Te 1° a fT em ae curey the de foedabire “ete ‘ See ae tee ta) ee ee er as vse) Siig cies. Ti 4 eo ro THe Pons at a ee tvs we ss gem See 11), ican be (oe sa rest eS) an Be asd seamen teorioeo amps coment) Dg ee Serer ea fen ea rae Sapam secre Soe iim rr ec ee speeecaryeneare uswee f mal ina a ry loti snrne ee oso shown in Fig. 12. The converter of Fig. 1210 fo ply oft volge Sasha covee of Fig, 1.20) to) allow a variable voltae & fad ae emp ay. cement of iy, 120) OS zen ity cnn ing nico eo wat Con eRLCel Conerer of Fg 2) 38 90 eee Moving vara vole of eer pala nthe wae be io rennet 26 peemns th n d 2 > eT pa eee Ge Fi 1.24, (e) and (oe mena te Meter 2) shag ‘ enon be tind In cone FFE eae Tee se 5 Tc Lie Se. Vise Fad ° ieee Te [Pa fo nee © a 7 ieee paw foes = Beem] tt, at [emcee] tae © a ‘Faxed voltage ac ee fy ® » vetars_[iagnse |_[ ice vite Ft we Tr tates Fete ee SS ie Le ec Poe ae >Pe wee o ® Connected in antiparallel comers of Fi (lane vote and eutent of eter pln) Tn at convene of Fg 1.208 Cart conrad by contoling fel cet of he generate fom Tenagcy ot tiger per evel tha te con wit ocr of Fis. 120 ae eee a our quadrant Bers of theo rrting machines. th coed caaree bly heavy ai essen slow respons, expensive tl Hae eee scodvannges associated with comatr and bases of he de Fase pve comer of Fi. 1.200, Howes ht COVEN! at quarantonly Some ver ld equipmen Haan ingnec omplier nd amp especie. Magsts apie Ste conrad fom low power ial cogs cma FB 13) a aya sag etal tage Wee ea, tt a a ag we ec ne ee ee LAD The come CAT yy ee ne oe ete sl CONE FF LB) sacha, The Senco ote ote og ca be hanno vant. es 9 SREY coe ne me we en el Serta a eC hehms pe a w u Care cr egy ogc mpi ee Fegan re an lm and po eine ty Hae eee ‘psy neve cnrs il I apps. ee tte [Tag —]_ age foges{ man” ee foe ste ire ]_ie resamee | ane [a Pet ne [Tiger —]_ te p tomes ae SE eA sete tty or at ren 19) ay oe ce bie ne dm nd merit at vate ee alin (Eo ote device by ow poner snl a eae Sr fis, Pelt Gwcomerr ulapeeen cn acid ws se sy Soins ci nama eae a somatic rg fg ey re eines an ch Suche ns a Foal Seomiees |] ite wha sci “toe Sia ne ee a rae ii aging vg se ‘mens? Z 5. Cheacomener:Cyelcunveer (Fi. L6) conver td vlage and eueny a8 ale ‘oliage and varible eqency a. They ae bi ite sors and we ele y Sipmis derived rom fo power content One ues) ested 40 of pay {rn naka ep arcs ne pe age see i pe Fettegeny [So Yes pis Gace ake ee ny wed the conl flow i tl stromans ba aves aes ny fre ade) ere Sepa cts seated muta or smemay wae i hp coma, Ses “toh ssa crt ame wang sooo re nal fed ‘Sica et uy ast etches arto nt wae ‘Sangh pneu to esac pp o ly and ao) employ fr inking he tating Fnac aol no tp en svirereata tea tact es id wee wm Preece ae (Soe CO ace ny ote allowing (fr CMEIE Mt een er pang mts and diy Mttaing preven malopesion ag wc sr owe enon cradeo etter switches Tyee sinner yc pv poi atin ec ees ad ‘eS anu coee co ile ‘Tiss cae pn openers ing imi ihe : ihc on ing rmis n lee in Po one ee aa ne ave epace ey not al pions, Fr the PEER Peonieaed aqoeang sod inercing operations, programa oe (‘Santor rc senso 129, Semen Ielnda pat an pe SO ple oe ely salamat esos. ery powered hese: Res fhe ives oe powered rom 3 phase ‘Sreeneptn tr cteotaco cer whe even a eryhigh per eae, pate sop ‘ae come of ember epee fac tou ier dy rag 2 conve ink. Whe fe et fom 80H ac pps maim speedo din a {stews casa mien 300 pn Frio spec comeson 0 NEN eueny ‘Sh scoes manny Low nd near poet mas eso ilawats ae gener ed fem 0 sho aig ray ered 033.68 1A ae ihr escent sig eel ed hve eh a ie stn sigh ole plied bec of esnamy, Jn nia 25 AY, (hetcomec me Oe ee ene mmo owe a stro roma: ewe ene {Bhzesly icone. Inederpond econ major ependare ect of tena fo uly etc scatman Cem at scence et a im in ewe rsd sy Srna bee 00750 espe Ween nda (Dorey a maine nesta ton wkhi oem | | ltr hha een mar impr Thc, de mao ay be ple eae al nd mas mayb pce er oe san ey ‘eh cmpoy nea an pa! era ead wor ss ctr Chek nti cool esate. he lof wecog cnc aed fro he fun denied St 13.0 non ofS uct wl to roe weer ‘Beckng Arseny sist ey rea en shen cn pope Tope enroles (PLCS) eam be es 4 CHOICE OF ELECTRICAL DRIVES (Sten sat opeatin regione Nate ope cei ek eon, sped tng, ese. day ele, aan fp, pst aaa ay. gs ‘Fun oproon veguenan. We of sero snd delerton, tary, baking, {Reps ed he sue, pe oe and sy, maga of Un) Capa raming cos, mates needs Me {9 Space and weight ection an. (6) Emiroment ection (ih Relay 4 15. STATUS OF de AND ae DRIVES Inte pst ination and syehrnoas mc rie were ily usedin ed seed appestions orale speed eplenions were dominated demo des, Ene'gence tits in 957 lest e development of arabe sped scion rotor eves In te ses which wae ‘icin ond could ach he pelos of J rie Consequence ofthe avenge Stoqulnehsape induction mar over de ots (See. 13.) vas peed that ncn ‘mor ec il pace rvs in varble sped ppicatons. However, following hares fovided fore preston come te: (@ Athough squire ae induction mor war cheaper than de mot, the conver an otic ofan ndten ator Ove was ery expensive compare to tse fra. ive, ‘Therefore! est an aon sor dive was icy her than ta of de {Gp While te chalogy af des was well eased, a of wos em (i ge dries werent velba de Pandan ef heel Dr setnaranap ionising er es ate sir improve a sc tc Trt these ey a tc Seren nde etn ei in ca etm ot mar dig ar eines we re oe ‘ios re a pasa ese hee Rene es acs Somme ma a sc de il eerie a oe carn ome 13 fe Theta tor eet rebeped 14 Bitty etn ons coer 13 Sete ene meeps He Rosemead ce aon ent Dynamics of Electrical Drives 21 FUNDAMENTAL TORQUE EQUATIONS ‘A mowe gener ives «fad (matin) cough sre nun ase, Whe to SESE nd ay soo ay ander natal motion. Lo pend ay be fen aot mer shai ay pense en ym CNSSEGTI torino gemy an open ronal sem shows m2 d= D0) ~_ eit Sian ; us tan ed oe “hear ment of nerf melo yf oe tr a bw cL eeiaann angry of mc ie ttn te sf coped morte 3 THEIR GAS iblteaing omer wo meh em La ae nls tna winds ne of me see et i ined oning nde oe xin: rated umnres tae von geen (21) apse vrei ives ch a ine wide, ld inst ee Fre wince a renege ‘uation (2.2) shows tamu developed by mor coun balance by oad nd 8 aymamictrqe de) Tague component dae) ealied the Brame ‘cue ie pee oniy ating the eset operations 5 Sy peer ta ig eS ene nae ro et ket ae ge shld maine geet posible nei he ep fom Hic ena Ee sc as negate an Teretore i emcee ey ees fon ceo ies. oestabh sable convention Fecal me pd cone) postive whe otig the Serene a se dec frvard spe wil thet eae re tee we cpt ly Sree Enea diva mens be pet of rich estes upd et ereetate arctic ries ovat ped hon abr. Sirvmuee nes tern esr pet wich signed the neatine Pete egetm tenes eh peices err oh set of Spe rnd cng poten te (Selerebcpete nner Man age codec! ee odie eeeron ‘enum noone i ee coer ete | seers ti ape ie. we 3 peer (Pose nrg bing pros aro ota ene desta rng. hadnt. ore en un I, power i Dynamic of lee! Driver 13 tundrnt 5 known a forward baking Sina ea ng Silay eperation in quaint and 1 eam be [Meme a ever mcorng aod Waking respet Tow ber nderan sae axe 23D of me ot rt Es a pm fis 130 a — ress gogo reer PERE ed othe moor aft, One end ofthe ‘Aoit consis of rape wound on a rum cov al fron velo anate Ievel Other Satie oa cage which wedto transport maa of mater ere a aes hava ume weg Neigh oth counter weight chosen o Be ihe ham (fu weigh fem crap age but lower tan of lly fosded cee itn ee rapt wil one which ives upward main ofthe cage. Spt Loses of the has load ae aso shown v8 Fg. 23. Tough te posing Lad ee ar gn the pie rar trqe ssordig wo Ea. (2:2), kis conenin Le rr garg carve raw ots ater nt nave of Seal Y urge hasbeen shown tobe conta nd independet of ped Tis ety oe i aaa ce deo ton and wie ca be costed be mee aoe ree uct provi Graton ee ds ot change tin eve we th Haare se dreing mori vevere Load torque line Ta in qudeant and TV Cr ee a forte ade tt. Titre the dference of tru Fae ca eigt The Tan torue line Tin quadrant 1 0d 1 he rane a ae fran copy host, Thi torus the diference of argues de ee Sean copy oie tpn ie megave bene te weigh oF cout weigh her han ta fn emp 38 sa nto tei Dt age upward which corey equates dake rection bere. ‘ee eed hich at ec cal HE MAE ci mE een fa ome: MeN or must ONCE Posing ote aie ‘of cape within a safe value, M0 are a eh oe aoe ‘aivets | perc eping in eres sia movedup. Since a counter Weiph, i | when an empty Cape eteath mttaer ged Frees et egy een en ee en Bersted evel over pstve, hs is evese motoring operon | 23 BQUIVALENT VALUES OF DRIVE PARAMETERS tent pf alm coupled raph feet mechanisms, such a eas, Vibes sal cna. Tee pnt my hve ile sees and fee pes of raion such at | ‘tol andra Titer pens methods of Fiding the equivalent moment of | +e) fete sd equenrgae corporal ferred to maar shal 1 tn ten | comida man ving tw lds, oe cup ecto its shaft anche through a | soi etds chs ova ini 24) tbe meet fea of mtr a bad eter spec a trae of edit coupled fab ty tnd Seren mrt fic an er of te ncn ugh ts ete ut in oe " | aa ne eed ene a Sot es mig ps Ths (0) Ua wh na a te aie ig 24 Moco led yt wt ot i tna eens Tie: Toidy+ BS cal here she wt equivalent torgue refered o motor staf. From Eas. (23) and (2.6) a Tatas en Win adtono loud rectly couples tthe mor wither J hee a mehr lands ith moment of ines JJ sda A Batt aes Fa yh Jato etd, alert ahd an ar toads with torges Th, T+ Tia coupled hough gears with eth as oy (and tramiston eens My. Mr -- = My adion fo oe icy coupled then a, si n=Tot a *he Te oa ‘loads ate diven trough abel drive insted of gears. then. eget slippage he equivalent Ineta and torge cm be bined tr Eas. (28) and 9) by considering ay a---, age — {Oe the tor of hamster of wheels diver by mofo the diameter of wel mounted on the Toad hat : 232 Loads with Translational Motion f {Lr us considers moor diving to lauds, one coupled directly tits hat and ber i eae maton (Fig. 2400). Let momen : me Tonue directly coupled to may vot recent ly 7 i i sen mtb “ct | os ooquaent nea Jeng Seem aa ante | Mc as | vebrumcoic cers ee we TT } ks pa penen( 2) om) sae tice of wansision be sins pee etre ae E f | Tage 09¢ en la. " fn aon eo recy cole tthe moor shal there ae m the oad ith eli in whee yah ashes MM spectively the « tetae Ee (2) teaonlayom(i}eem(se) am) mmehe)om(h)~B (Gs) ean a i ¢ & 2 ? i : A : a f ; i £ an 0 4S 0 ond 0 ™ (1820 x my30 = 148.7 i Dynami of Berea Drines_11 iting in Eg (1) 7502.60: x 10100 a He)

    You might also like