SACRED HEART OF JESUS MONTESSORI SCHOOL

J.R. Borja Extension, Gusa, Cagayan de Oro City

Montessori-Based Learning
Learning Instructional Packets (LIPs)
IWRBS WEEK 5
S.Y 2020-2021

Name: ________________________________________________ Date submitted: ________________

Grade & Section: ______________________________________ Teacher: _______________________

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Content Standard: The learner demonstrates understanding of the emergence of the Social Sciences and the different disciplines

Performance Standard: The learner is able to connect the disciplines with their historical and social foundations

Essential Understanding (EU):

Essential Question:

I. LEARNING COMPETENCY
 Analyze the basic concepts and principles of the major social science theories:
a. Structural-functionalism
b. Marxism
c. Symbolic Interactionism
Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, 100% of the learners will be able to:
1. Identify and familiarize
a. Structural-functionalism
b. Marxism
c. Symbolic Interactionism
2. integrate values (fruit of normalization of the month, beatitude & PVMGO);
3. obtain at least 75% mastery level

Target Goal/s: I can ....________________________________________________________________________________

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II. LEARNING CONTENT

Lesson 5: SOCIAL THEORIES

Materials:
1. LIPs

References:
1. MELCs
2.
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LciWAfvBZhA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-83vVeSC2_g
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ux2E6uhEVk0

III. LESSON PRESENTATION

A. Structural functionalism,
or simply functionalism, is "a framework for building theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work
together to promote solidarity and stability".[1]
 This approach looks at society through a macro-level orientation, which is a broad focus on the social structures that shape
society as a whole,[1] and believes that society has evolved like organisms. [2] This approach looks at both social structure and social
functions. Functionalism addresses society as a whole in terms of the function of its constituent elements;
namely norms, customs, traditions, and institutions.
A common analogy, popularized by Herbert Spencer, presents these parts of society as "organs" that work toward the proper
functioning of the "body" as a whole. [3] In the most basic terms, it simply emphasizes "the effort to impute, as rigorously as possible,
to each feature, custom, or practice, its effect on the functioning of a supposedly stable, cohesive system". For  Talcott Parsons,
"structural-functionalism" came to describe a particular stage in the methodological development of social science, rather than a
specific school of thought.

Structural functionalism, in sociology and other social sciences, a school of thought according to which each of the institutions,
relationships, roles, and norms that together constitute a society serves a purpose, and each is indispensable for the continued existence
of the others and of society as a whole. In structural functionalism, social change is regarded as an adaptive response to some tension
within the social system. When some part of an integrated social system changes, a tension between this and other parts of the system
is create.

Activity # 1: Expound the thought Activity # 1: YOUR SCORE ______ / 5 Points

Direction: Explain the thoughts according to your understanding

1. Explain Structural Funtionalism According to Emile Durkheim.

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B. Marxism,
a body of doctrine developed by Karl Marx and, to a lesser extent, by Friedrich Engels in the mid-19th century. It originally
consisted of three related ideas: a philosophical anthropology, a theory of history, and an economic and political program. There is
also Marxism as it has been understood and practiced by the various socialist movements, particularly before 1914. Then there is
Soviet Marxism as worked out by Vladimir Ilich Lenin and modified by Joseph Stalin, which under the name of Marxism-Leninism
(see Leninism) became the doctrine of the communist parties set up after the Russian Revolution (1917).
Offshoots of this included Marxism as interpreted by the anti-Stalinist Leon Trotsky and his followers, Mao Zedong’s
Chinese variant of Marxism-Leninism, and various Marxisms in the developing world. There were also the post-World War II
nondogmatic Marxisms that have modified Marx’s thought with borrowings from modern philosophies, principally from those
of Edmund Husserl and Martin Heidegger but also from Sigmund Freud and others.

What Is Marxism?
Marxism is a social, political, and economic philosophy named after Karl Marx. It examines the effect of capitalism on labor,
productivity, and economic development and argues for a worker revolution to overturn capitalism in favor of communism. Marxism
posits that the struggle between social classes—specifically between the bourgeoisie, or capitalists, and the proletariat, or workers—
defines economic relations in a capitalist economy and will inevitably lead to revolutionary communism.

KEY TAKEAWAYS

 Marxism is a social, political, and economic theory originated by Karl Marx, which focuses on the struggle between
capitalists and the working class.
 Marx wrote that the power relationships between capitalists and workers were inherently exploitative and would inevitably
create class conflict.
 He believed that this conflict would ultimately lead to a revolution in which the working class would overthrow the capitalist
class and seize control of the economy.

Understanding Marxism

Marxism is both a social and political theory, which encompasses Marxist class conflict theory and Marxian economics. Marxism was
first publicly formulated in the 1848 pamphlet, the "Communist Manifesto," by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, which lays out the
theory of class struggle and revolution. Marxian economics focuses on the criticisms of capitalism, which Karl Marx wrote about in
his 1859 book, "Das Kapital."1

Class conflict and the demise of capitalism

Marx’s class theory portrays capitalism as one step in the historical progression of economic systems that follow one another in a
natural sequence. They are driven, he posited, by vast impersonal forces of history that play out through the behavior and conflict
among social classes. According to Marx, every society is divided among a number of social classes, whose members have more in
common with one another than with members of other social classes.

Activity # 2: Expound the thought Activity # 2: YOUR SCORE ______ / 5 Points

Direction: Explain the thoughts according to your understanding

1. What is the most important unit of social organization in Marxism? Explain.

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C. Symbolic interactionism 
is a sociological theory that develops from practical considerations and alludes to people's particular utilization of dialect to
make images and normal implications, for deduction and correspondence with others.[1] In other words, it is a frame of reference to
better understand how individuals interact with one another to create symbolic worlds, and in return, how these worlds shape
individual behaviors.[2] It is a framework that helps understand how society is preserved and created through repeated interactions
between individuals. The interpretation process that occurs between interactions helps create and recreate meaning. It is the shared
understanding and interpretations of meaning that affect the interaction between individuals. Individuals act on the premise of a shared
understanding of meaning within their social context. Thus, interaction and behavior is framed through the shared meaning that
objects and concepts have attached to them. From this view, people live in both natural and symbolic environments.
Symbolic interactionism comes from a sociological perspective which developed around the middle of the twentieth century and that
continues to be influential in some areas of the discipline. It is particularly important in  microsociology and social psychology. It is
derived from the American philosophy of pragmatism and particularly from the work of George Herbert Mead, as a pragmatic method
to interpret social interactions.[3]
R. Collins views symbolic interactionism as studying the way the social world is created through interaction between individuals and
their environment.[4]
George Herbert Mead
Symbolic interaction was conceived by George Herbert Mead and Charles Horton Cooley.
Mead argued that people's selves are social products, but that these selves are
also purposive and creative, and believed that the true test of any theory was that it was
"useful in solving complex social problems".[5] Mead's influence was said to be so powerful
that sociologists regard him as the one "true founder" of the symbolic interactionism
tradition.
Although Mead taught in a philosophy department, he is best known by sociologists as the
teacher who trained a generation of the best minds in their field. Strangely, he never set forth
his wide-ranging ideas in a book or systematic treatise. After his death in 1931, his students
pulled together class notes and conversations their mentor and published Mind, Self and
Society in his name.[5] It is a common misconception that John Dewey was the leader of this
sociological theory; according to The Handbook of Symbolic Interactionism, Mead was
undoubtedly the individual who "transformed the inner structure of the theory, moving it to a
higher level of theoretical complexity.
Mind, Self and Society is the book published by Mead's students based on his
lectures and teaching, and the title of the book highlights the core concept of social interactionism. Mind refers to an individual's
ability to use symbols to create meanings for the world around the individual – individuals use language and thought to accomplish
this goal. Self refers to an individual's ability to reflect on the way that the individual is perceived by others. Finally, society, according
to Mead, is where all of these interactions are taking place. A general description of Mead's compositions portray how outside  social
structures, classes, and power and abuse affect the advancement of self, personality for gatherings verifiably denied of the ability to
characterize themselves.[

Herbert Blumer
Herbert Blumer, a student and interpreter of Mead, coined the term and put forward an influential summary: people act a
certain way towards things based on the meaning those things already have, and these meanings are derived from social interaction
and modified through interpretation.[8] Blumer was a social constructionist, and was influenced by John Dewey; as such, this theory is
very phenomenologically-based. Given that Blumer was the first to use symbolic interaction as a term, he is known as the founder of
symbolic interaction.[9] He believed that the "Most human and humanizing activity that people engage in is talking to each
other."[5] According to Blumer, human groups are created by people and it is only actions between them that define a society. [10] He
argued that with interaction and through interaction individuals are able to "produce common symbols by approving, arranging, and
redefining them."[10] Having said that, interaction is shaped by a mutual exchange of interpretation, the ground of socialization. [3]

Activity # 3: MOTIVATIONAL Activity # 3: YOUR SCORE ______ / 10

ACTIVITY
Direction: Explain the thoughts according to your understanding

1. What Are Some Examples of Symbolic Interactionism? Explain

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2. What it Symbolic Interaction according to George Herbert Mead

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