PAWAR PUBLIC

SCHOOL, CHANDIVALI
SUBJECT- PHYSICS
GRADE – 6
CHAPTER 6 – SIMPLE MACHINES
 CONTENTS
PART A – Machines
Simple machines
PART B – Lever
Types of lever
PART C – Mechanical advantage
Efficiency of machine
PART D – Different types of machine
Care of machines
 Part - A
Machines
 Simple machines
 Machines
Do you know you use a lot of machines every day
without even knowing about it?
Remember those scissors that you used to cut paper
for your art class?
And the stapler that you used to staple extra sheets
together?
They are all simple machines.
 Machines
A machine is anything
that helps make work
easier.
Basic tools like staplers,
screwdrivers and scissors
are simple machines.
These machines are all
based on simple
inventions like levers,
planes, pulleys
or wheels.
 Why do we need machines?
With the help of machines, a small force
can be used to overcome a large force.
For example, a screw jack is used to lift
an object as heavy as a car to change its
tyres.
We need machines to:
Lift heavy loads with a small effort.
Carry out unsafe and dangerous tasks.
To increase the speed of a moving object.
To move, lift or perform an action in the
required direction.
To reduce the risk in performing
hazardous tasks.
 Simple Machines
A machine is a device that helps
us to do work with less effort in
less time. A simple machine has
few or no moving parts.
Simple machines are basically
classified into two
groups, levers and inclined
planes.
Simple machines like the pulley,
screw, wheel and axle and wedge
come under these two categories.
 Simple Machines
The see-saw in the
playground is a simple
machine.
You can use these
simple machines to
build a complex
machine.
For example, a bicycle
is a complex machine
that is made using of
nearly every kind of
simple machine.
 Questionnaire
1. A machine is a tool that makes our work
………………..
2. A seesaw is an example of ……………
3. What is simple machine shown in the picture (back
of truck)? …………..
1.
Questionnaire
What type of simple machine is found on the
inside cap of a 2 liter soda bottle? ………………..
2. The device used to raise a flag up a flag pole is an
example of a ………….
3. There are three (3) simple machines in this
picture.
 Part – B
Lever
Types of lever
Levers are the most
basic machines which
are used to do some
work with minimal
effort.
 Lever
Levers are also used to lift objects.
A lever has an arm that turns
against a fulcrum.
Exerting a force on one end of the
pivot creates a force on the other
end of the lever.
The applied force is either
increased or decreased based on
the distance from the fulcrum to
the load, and from the fulcrum to
the effort.
A few examples of levers are the
hammer that we use to remove
nails loose and the kids’ favourite
see-saw.
TYPES OF LEVER
According to where the load and effort
are located with respect to the fulcrum,
there are three types or classes of lever:
First Class Lever
Second Class Lever
Third Class Lever
 First Class Lever
This is a type of lever which has the fulcrum
in between the weight and the force applied.
Its order is represented as force-fulcrum-
weight. This is the most basic type of lever.
 First Class Lever
Examples:
Our hand pushing an object or seesaws, crowbars.
Using a scissor represents the use of two first-class levers.
A wheel and axle is also an example.
Pulling a nail out of a wooden plank also represents first class
lever.
 Second Class Lever
In this, the fulcrum is at one end and the force applied is
on the other end.
The weight is situated in the middle of these two.
The order of this would be fulcrum-weight-force.
Application of force at one end will result in some work
done on the other end.
Second Class Lever
Examples:
Wheelbarrow
Staplers
Doors or gates
Bottle openers
Nutcracker
Nail clippers
 Third Class Lever
These are the levers in which the fulcrum is at one end and
the force is applied in the middle and the weight is on the
other end.
The order is represented as weight-force-fulcrum.
In this case, we have to apply more energy to displace the
weight to a longer distance.
 Third Class Lever
Examples:
Fishing rod
A broom
A baseball bat
A bow and arrow
Human jaw
 Questionnaire
1.The pivot or fixed point on the lever is called the …………
2. What is this classic simple machine?

3. What class lever is this?

 Questionnaire
 What class lever is this?

 What is this picture showing (simple machine)?