Steps to create FEM

Methodology
 To create finite-element modelling, open Abaqus application and sketch the particular
geometry along with creation of a part that represents the model. Now by clicking the icon
Part-Create, enter the module. After that a create part dialog box will appear.
 Now it is required to define the material. For this, click and select property so that section and
material properties can be defined. Now choose the name of material property. For this
project it will concrete and material behaviour will be elastic behaviour. Now determine the
young modulus that will be
Young Modulus = Stress/Strain
 To calculate plastic behaviour, below formula can be used:

 To define the material properties now it is required to enter yield stress factors and plastic
strain factors for concrete into table.

for steel material:

 Now it is time to create homogeneous shell section properties. To do this, click on create
section. After that name this section as the material. Now chose homogeneous and category
and proceed further. Now, in edit section, chose material and after that specify its value and
click “Ok”. If needed, then chose section manager to modify or check the properties of
section.
 In next step, chose the assign section. Now click on the whole section and click DONE. In
edit section assignment, click OK.
 To assemble the model, four steps can be followed which are as below:
a) Instances
b) Position constraint
c) Set
d) Surface
 Instances:
 Enter assembly module and chose instance part.
 To be capable of meshing, change its department to independent.
 Position constraint:
 If your model has several parts than it is required to assemble them as a structure all
together.
 For instance, if your part has reinforced concrete than you comprise; Part 1- concrete
and Part 2- steel reinforcing.
 Set:
 In assembly module, chose set part.
 If it is required to measure the deflection and load at a certain point, then you need to
set that particular point where you need to measure.
 Now click continue to select the point.
 Surface:
 Click surface part into assembly module.

 Now to create mesh, enter into the module to seed the fragment instance and now chose seed.
After that follow the below steps:
 Choose mesh- controls and utilize the default element shape and now click OK.
 Select mesh- utilize the default and element type.
 Select mesh- part, and click Ok for meshing part.
 Now click assign element type.
 Now Select verify mesh.
 Next step is to define step module. For this, chose Step- Create and name it as load.
 Select General, for procedure type.
 Now select; static, general or static riks. In Basic’s Edit step dialog box, specify the
description of following steps:
 Loading
  Time period: 1000
 Now keep the rest as default.
 In dialog box of Edit step, click on the incrementation button and follow below steps:
 Select Type: Automatic
 Maximum number of increments: 1000
 Increment size: Initial- 0.001, minimum- 1e-15 and maximum-1000.
 Now the next step is to apply output. For this keep the strain and stress value for model
general. In history output request, select the output you want. For instance, deflection and the
load.
 The next step is to apply interaction. In this, you are required to show how 2 surfaces make
contact. For instance, concrete slab surface and structural steel beam. For this, select
Interaction Property.
 Select Interaction.
 Now choose which surface you are required to contact.
 The next step is to apply constraints. Select constraints and click on Embedded region.
(embedded region- reinforcing and host region- concrete slab)
 Select Constraints<tie<Master region-harder material< slave-softer material.
 Now it is time to apply loads. For this, click on load module so that boundary conditions can
be defined for analysis. Now select Tool-Set-Create and create a name “Load”.
 Now it is needed to set boundary condition. For this, choose BC- create a boundary condition
in roller or fixed pinned (named load). Now click mechanical- rotation/displacement to be
the step type and now apply boundary conditions.
 The next step is to create a new job and submit it so that analysis can be done. The name of
this step is defining a job.
 To create a job, you must run a job and press submit. After that a new job will be created to
make it easy for analysis.
 The next step is to view the analysis outcome. To run this command, user need to right click
on result. Now to view the outcome, it is required to contour deformed shape.
 Now the data processing may have been started. In the section History output, click on the
particular load which had been created by the user and now save it as Force.