Fergusson College (Autonomous), Pune

Department of Mathematics
S. Y. B. Sc. Mathematics Practical
Calculus of Several Variables (SEM III 2020-2021)
Sample questions for Practical Examination May 2021
N M Phatangare

Practical 1

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Limit and Continuity of functions of Several Variables

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1. Find and sketch the domains of the following functions:

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(a) f (x, y) = 4 − x − 2

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(b) f (x, y) = ln(x2 + y 2 − 4)

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(x − 1)(y + 2)
(c) f (x, y) =

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(y − x)(y − x3 )

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sin(xy)
(d) f (x, y) = 2

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x + y 2 − 25
(e) f (x, y) = cos−1 (y − x2 ) lle
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(f) f (x, y) = ln(xy + x − y − 1)
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Sample Questions for Practical examination:

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(a) What is the largest possible domain of this function?

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(b) What can you say about the shape of it?

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(c) Is domain an open set?

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(d) What is an open set?

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(e) What is a closed set?

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(f) What is the boundary of the domain?

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(g) Which of the following points lies in the domain of this function?
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(0, 0), (0, 2020), (2020, 0), (1, 100), (2020, 2021), etc.
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(h) Is whole R2 a domain of f ? Why?

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(i) What is the range of f ?

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(j) What could be a possible codomain of f ?

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(k) Is 2021, 2020, −2019, −1, etc. belong to the range of f ?

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(l) What is f −1 (2021)? etc.

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(m) Is f continuous at (0, 0)? Why?

(n) Is f continuous on it’s domain?
(o) Is f bounded on its domain? Why?
(p) What is a bounded function?
(q) Can you sketch the graph of f ? What is the shape of graph?

1
 2. For the following functions,

(a) find and sketch their domain,

(b) find and sketch their range
(c) describe and sketch their level curves,
(d) find the boundary of their domain,
(e) determine if the domain is an open region, a closed region, or neither, and

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(f) decide if the domain is bounded or unbounded;

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(i) f (x, y) = y − x (ii) f (x, y) = y − x (iii) f (x, y) = 3x2 + 5y 2
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(iv) f (x, y) = 2 (v) e−(x +y ) (vi) f (x, y) = sin−1 (y − x).

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Sample Questions for Practical examination:

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(a) What are level curves? What are level curves of given f ?

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(b) Give real life applications of level curves.

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(c) How will you explain level curves geometrically?
(d) When can we say that two points on the graph of f are at the same level?

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(e) What are contours? lle
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(f) What is the largest possible domain of this function?
(g) What can you say about the shape of it?
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(h) Is domain an open set?

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(i) What is an open set?

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(j) What is a closed set?

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(k) What is the boundary of the domain?

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(l) Which of the following points lies in the domain of this function?
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(0, 0), (0, 2020), (2020, 0), (1, 100), (2020, 2021), etc.
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(m) Is whole R2 a domain of f ? Why?

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(n) What is the range of f ?

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(o) What could be a possible codomain of f ?

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(p) Is 2021, 2020, −2019, −1, etc. belong to the range of f ?

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(q) What is f −1 (2021)? etc.

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(r) Is f continuous at (0, 0)? Why?

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(s) Is f continuous on it’s domain?

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(t) Is f bounded on its domain? Why?

(u) What is a bounded function?
(v) Can you sketch the graph of f ? What is the shape of graph?

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 3. Match the function (a) with its graph (labeled A–F below) and (b) with its contour map
(labeled I–VI). Give reasons for your choices:
(i) z = sin(xy) (ii) z = ex cos y (iii) z = sin(x − y)
x−y
(iv) z = sin x − sin y (v) z = (1 − x2 )(1 − y 2 ) (vi) z = .
1 + x2 + y 2
Graphs:

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Level Curves (Contour Maps):
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Sample Questions for Practical examination:

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(a) What are level curves? What are level curves of given f ?
(b) Give real life applications of level curves.
(c) How will you explain level curves geometrically?
(d) When can we say that two points on the graph of f are at the same level?
(e) What are contours?
(f) What is the largest possible domain of this function?

3
 (g) What can you say about the shape of it?
(h) Is domain an open set?
(i) What is an open set?
(j) What is a closed set?
(k) What is the boundary of the domain?
(l) Which of the following points lies in the domain of this function?
(0, 0), (0, 2020), (2020, 0), (1, 100), (2020, 2021), etc.

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(m) Is whole R2 a domain of f ? Why?

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(n) What is the range of f ?

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(o) What could be a possible codomain of f ?

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(p) Is 2021, 2020, −2019, −1, etc. belong to the range of f ?

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(q) What is f −1 (2021)? etc.

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(r) Is f continuous at (0, 0)? Why?

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(s) Is f continuous on it’s domain?

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(t) Is f bounded on its domain? Why?

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sin(x2 + y 2 )
4. Let f (x, y) =
x2 + y 2
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(a) Prove that lim f (x, y) = 1.

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(x,y)→(0,0)
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(b) Sketch the graph of f .

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(c) Is f continuous at (0, 0)?

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(d) Is it possible to define f at (0, 0) so as to make it continuous at (0, 0)?

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Sample questions:
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(a) What is limit of f ?

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(b) True/False: If f is continuous at (a,b) then limit of f at (a, b) exists?

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(c) What is limit of f along the path y = g(x)? Explain it geometrically.

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(d) True/False:If limit of f along the paths C1 and C2 is the same then limit exists?
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(e) How to prove that limit does not exists?

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(f) Define: lim f (x, y) 6= L.

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(x,y)→(a,b)
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(g) Define: lim f (x, y) does not exists.

(x,y)→(a,b)
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(h) What is the difference between lim f (x, y) 6= L and lim f (x, y) does not exists?
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(x,y)→(a,b) (x,y)→(a,b)

(i) If f : {(x, y) ∈ R2 : x > 0, y > 0} ∪ {(−1, −1)} → R be a function defined by f (x, y) =

x + y for x > 0, y > 0 and f (−1, −1) = 2021. Does limit of f at (−1, −1) exists? Why?
(j) Does limit of f exists at every point of its domain? Why?
(k) What are points of continuity of f ?
(l) What are the points where f is discontinuous?

4
 (
xy if |x| ≥ |y|
5. Let f : R2 → R be defined as f (x, y) =
−xy if |x| < |y|.

(a) Sketch the set {(x, y) : |x| ≥ |y|}.

(b) Sketch the set {(x, y) : |x| < |y|}.
(c) Sketch the graph of f .
(d) Discuss the continuity of f at (0, 0), (0, 1) and (1, 1).

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Sample questions:

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(a) What is limit of f ?

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(b) True/False: If f is continuous at (a,b) then limit of f at (a, b) exists?

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(c) What is limit of f along the path y = g(x)? Explain it geometrically.

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(d) True/False:If limit of f along the paths C1 and C2 is the same then limit exists?

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(e) How to prove that limit does not exists?

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(f) Define: lim f (x, y) 6= L.
(x,y)→(a,b)

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(g) Define: lim f (x, y) does not exists.
(x,y)→(a,b)

(h) What is the difference between lim

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f (x, y) 6= L and lim f (x, y) does not exists?
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(x,y)→(a,b) (x,y)→(a,b)

(i) Does limit of f exists at every point of its domain? Why?

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(j) What are points of continuity of f ?

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(k) What are the points where f is discontinuous?

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0 if y ≤ 0 or y ≥ x4
6. Let f (x, y) =
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1 if 0 < y < x4 .
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(a) Sketch domain and graph of f .

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(b) Show that f (x, y) → 0 as (x, y) → (0, 0) along any path through (0, 0) of the form
y = mxa with a < 4.
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(c) Despite part (a), show that f is discontinuous at (0, 1).

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(d) Show that f is discontinuous on two entire curves.

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7. Explain why each of the following function is continuous or discontinuous:

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(a) The outdoor temperature as a function of longitude, latitude, and time

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(b) Elevation (height above sea level) as a function of longitude, latitude, and time
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(c) The cost of a taxi ride as a function of distance traveled and time
(d) Temperature of a metal sheet as a finction of the position of a point on sheet and time.
(e)

5
Practical 2
Partial Derivatives
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0 if xy =
1. Let f (x, y) =
1 if xy = 0.

(a) Find the limit of f as (x, y) approaches (0, 0) along the line y = x.
(b) Prove that f is not continuous at the origin.

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∂f ∂f

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(c) Show that both partial derivatives and exist at the origin.
∂x ∂y

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Sample questions:

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(a) What is partial derivative?

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(b) What is the difference between partial and ordinary derivatives?

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(c) Can we say that the partial derivative is an ordinary derivative? How?

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(d) How do you see the partial derivative geometrically?

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(e) What is the directional derivative?
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(f) What is the difference between the partial derivatives and directional derivatives?
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(g) Can we say that the partial derivative is a directional derivative? How?
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(h) True/False: If every directional derivative exists then all partial derivetives exists? Why?
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(i) True/False: If every directional derivative exists then f is differentiable? Why?

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(j) True/False: If every partial derivative exists then f is differentiable? Why?

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(k) Find fx (a, b), fy (a, b) for given f .

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(l) Is f continuous at (a, b)? Why?

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(m) Is f differentiable at (a, b)? Why?

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 x y − xy
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if (x, y) 6= (0, 0)
2. Let f (x, y) = x2 + y 2
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0 if (x, y) = (0, 0).

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Sample questions:
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(a) Sketch the graph of f using software : Maxima/SAGE/Geogebra.

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(b) Find fx (x, y), fy (x, y) when (x, y) 6= (0, 0).

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(c) Find fx (0, 0), fy (0, 0).

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(d) Show that fxy (0, 0) = −1, fyx (0, 0) = 1.

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(e) Does the result of part (d) contradict Clairout’s theorem ?

(f) Sketch the graphs of fxy and fyx using softwares.
(g) What is Clairout’s theorem?
(h) What is Schwartz theorem?
(i) When fxy (a, b) = fyx (a, b)?

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 (j) Is f differentiable?
(k) What is total derivative?
(l) What is the differential of f ?
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3. Suppose that the function g : R → R is continuous. Let f (x, y) = g(t)dt, (x, y) ∈ R2 . Find
x
∂f ∂f
and .
∂x ∂y
Sample questions:

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(a) What is the first form of Fundamental Theorem of Calculus?
(b) What is the second form of Fundamental Theorem of Calculus?

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(c) Find fx , fy .

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(d) What is fy (a, y), fx (x, b), fx (a, y), fy (x, b), fx (a, b), fy (a, b), where (a, b) is a fixed point?

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 3 4
 sin(x + y ) if (x, y) 6= (0, 0)

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∂f ∂f
4. Let f (x, y) = x2 + y 2 Find and at (0, 0).

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∂x ∂y

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0 if (x, y) = (0, 0).
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Sample questions:

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5. Find a function z = f (x, y) whose partial derivatives are as given, or explain why this is
impossible.
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(a) fx = 3x2 y 2 − 2x, fy = 3x2 y + 6y

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2 2 2
(b) 2xexy + x2 y 2 exy + 3, fy = 2x3 yexy − ey
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2y 2x
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(c) fx = 2
, fy =
(x + y) (x + y)2
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(d) fx = xy cos(xy) + sin(xy), fy = x cos(xy).

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Sample questions:
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(a) What is an exact form?

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(b) Find fxy , fyx .

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(c) When can we find f such that fx (x, y) = P (x, y), fy (x, y) = Q(x, y) and df = P dx + Qdy?
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∂z
6. (i) Find the value of at the point (1, 1, 1) if the equation
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∂x
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xy + z 3 x − 2yz = 0
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defines z as a function of the two independent variables x and y and the partial derivative
exists.
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∂x
(ii) Find the value of at the point (1, −1, −3) if the equation
∂z
xz + y ln x − x2 + 4 = 0
defines x as a function of the two independent variables y and z and the partial derivative
exists.
Sample questions:

7
 (a) How will you find zx in (i)? Explain orally.
(b) How will you find xz in (ii)? Explain orally.
(c) What is an implicit function?
(d) Consider a relation x+y = 2021. Can we say that y is a function of x? On which domain?
(e) How will you wtite y as a function of x explicitely?
(f) Consider a relation x2 + y 2 = 2021. Can we say that y is a function of x? On which
dy
domain? Then what is ?

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dx

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7. (i) Express vx in terms of u and v if the equations x = y ln u and y = u ln y define u and y
as functions of the independent variables x and y, and if vx exists. (Hint: Differentiate both

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equations with respect to x and solve for vx by eliminating ux .)

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(ii) Find ∂x/∂u and ∂y/∂u if the equations u = x2 − y 2 and y = x2 − y define x and y as

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functions of the independent variables u and y, and the partial derivatives exist. Then let

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s = x2 + y 2 and find ∂s/∂u.

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Practical 3

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Chain Rule lle
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1. Changing dimensions in a box: The lengths a, b, and c of the edges of a rectangular box
are changing with time. At the instant in question, a = 1m, b = 2m, c = 3m, da/dt = db/dt =
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1m/sec, and dc/dt = −3m/sec. At what rates are the box’s volume V and surface area S
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changing at that instant? Are the box’s interior diagonals increasing in length or decreasing?
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Sample questions:
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(a) State chain rule for functions of one variable.

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(b) State chain rules for functions of two variables.

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(c) Explain the method of solving above problem orally.

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(d) What is/are independent variable(s) and what is/are dependent variable(s) in this prob-
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lem?
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(e) How Linear Algebra helps you in solving this problem?

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(f) What equations you obtain from the given data?

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2. A space curve : Let w = x2 e2y cos 3z. Find the value of dw/dt at the point (1, ln 2, 0) on the
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curve x = cos t, y = ln(t + 2), z = t.

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Sample quastions:
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(a) What is a composite function?

(b) Express w as a function of t?
(c) State the chain rule for derivative of w with respect to t.
(d) What is the curve in this problem? Can you sketch it?
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Let T = g(x, y) be the temperature at the point (x, y) on the ellipse x = 2 2 cos t, y =
3. √
2 sin t, 0 ≤ t ≤ 2π. Suppose that ∂T /∂x = y and ∂T /∂y = x.

8
 (a) Locate the maximum and minimum temperature on the ellipse by examining dT /dt and
d2 T /dt2 .
(b) Suppose that T = xy − 2. Find the maximum and minimum value of T on the ellipse.

Sample qustions:

(a) Express T as a function of t.

(b) State the chain rule for T .

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(c) Can you sketch an ellipse mentioned in this problem?

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(d) What is the necessary/sufficient condition for extreme (maximum/minimum) value of a
function of one variable?

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(e) What is the point of maximum temperature and what is the point of minimum tempera-

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ture?

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(f) Repeate above if we change the curve.

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4. A bug crawls on the surface z = x2 −y 2 directly above a path in the xy-plane given by x = f (t)

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and y = g(t). If f (2) = 4, f 0 (2) = −1, g(2) = −2, and g 0 (2) = −3, then at what rate is the

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bug’s elevation z changing when t = 2?

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Sample quaetions:
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(a) Sketch the graph of z = z(x, y).
(b) What is the set A = {(f (t), g(t)) : t ∈ R} represents?
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(c) What is f (A)?

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(d) Can you express z as a function of t? If yes, then what is it? State the chain rule for
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z 0 (t). Evaluate z 0 (2).

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5. (a) Show that a differentiable function f decreases most rapidly at x in the direction opposite
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to the gradient vector, that is, in the direction of −∇f .

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(b) Use the result of part (a) to find the direction in which the function f (x, y) = x4 y − x2 y 3
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decreases fastest at the point (2, −3) .

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Sample questions:
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(a) What is the gradient of f ? Explain it geometrically.

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(b) What is the relation between the graph of f and the gradient of f ?
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6. Tangent plane and normal line:

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(a) Sketch the surface x2 − y 2 + z 2 = 4.

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(b) Find a vector normal to the surface at (2, −3, 3). Add the vector to your sketch.
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(c) Find equations for the tangent plane and normal line at (2, −3, 3).

Sample questions:

(a) What is the tangent plane?

(b) What is the normal line?
(c) Is tangent plane at a point unique? Why?

9
 (d) Is the normal line unique?
(e) What is the tangent plane to x + y + z = 2021?
(f) What is the tangent plane to x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 2021 at (0, 0, 1)?
(g) What is the general form of the equation of a tangent plane to the surface f (x, y, z) = 0?

Practical 4

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Gradient and Tangent Plane

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1. (a) Suppose that the directional derivatives of f (x, y) are known at a given point in two

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nonparallel directions given by unit vectors u and v . Is it possible to find ∇f at this

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point? If so, how would you do it?

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(b) Let f be a function of two variables that has continuous partial derivatives and consider
the points A(1, 2), B(3, 3), C(1, 7), and D(6, 15). The directional derivative of f at A in

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the direction of the vector AB is 3 and the directional derivaltive at A in the direction of

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AC is 26. Find the directional derivative of f at A in the direction of the vector AD.

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Sample questions:

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What is tangent plane?
What is directional derivative?
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What is relation between directional derivative and gradient?
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What is the formula for the directional derivative?

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2. The temperature T in a metal ball is inversely proportional to the distance from the center of
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the ball, which we take to be the origin. The temperature at the point (1, 2, 2) is 120◦ .
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(a) Find the rate of change of T at (1, 2, 2) in the direction toward the point (2, 1, 3).
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(b) Show that at any point in the ball the direction of greatest increase in temperature is given
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by a vector that points toward the origin.

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3. Suppose you are climbing a hill whose shape is given by the equation z = 1000−0.005x2 −0.01y 2
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, where x, y, and z are measured in meters, and you are standing at a point with coordinates
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(60, 40, 966). The positive x-axis points east and the positive y-axis points north.
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(a) If you walk due south, will you start to ascend or descend? At what rate?
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(b) If you walk northwest, will you start to ascend or descend? At what rate?
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(c) In which direction is the slope largest? What is the rate of ascent in that direction? At
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what angle above the horizontal does the path in that direction begin?
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Sample quastions:
Sketch the graph of z = z(x, y).
Explain the problem geometrically.
How gradient is involved in it?
How the directional derivative is involved in it?

10
 4. If g(x, y) = x2 + y 2 − 4x, find the gradient vector ∇g(1, 2) and use it to find the tangent line
to the level curve g(x, y) = 1 at the point (1, 2) . Sketch the level curve, the tangent line, and
the gradient vector.
x2 y2 z2
5. Show that the equation of the tangent plane to the ellipsoid + + = 1 at the point
a2 b2 c2
(x0 , y0 , z0 ) can be written as

xx0 yy0 zz0

+ 2 + 2 = 1.

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a2 b c

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6. Suppose you need to know an equation of the tangent plane to a surface S at the point
P (1, 2, 3). You don’t have an equation for S but you know that the curves

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r1 (t) = (2 + 3t, 1 − t2 , 3 − 4t + t2 ),

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r2 (u) = (1 + u2 , 2u3 − 1, 2u + 1).

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both lie on S . Find an equation of the tangent plane at P .

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Sample questions:
Similar to the previous problems.

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Practical 5
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Extreme Values
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1. A rectangular box is inscribed in the region in the first octant bounded above by the plane
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with x-intercept 6, y-intercept 6, and z-intercept 6.

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(a) Find an equation for the plane.

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(b) Find the dimensions of the box of maximum volume.

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Sample questions:

(a) What is equation of the plane?

(b) What are sides of the box?
(c) What is the volume of the box?
(d) What is the surface area of the box?

11
 (e) Which function is to maximize?
(f) What are critical points?

2. Let f (x) = x2 + kxy + y 2 .

(a) For what values of the constant k does the Second Derivative Test guarantee that f will
have a saddle point at (0, 0)?
(b) For what values of the constant k the function f has a local minimum at (0, 0)?
(c) For what values of k is the Second Derivative Test inconclusive? Give reasons for your

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answers.

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Sample questions:

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(a) What are necessary conditions for critical point?

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(b) What are the sufficient conditions for extreme value?
(c) What is the second derivative test for extreme value?

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(d) What is the condition on k in part (a) of question?

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(e) When second derivative test fails?
(f) What to do if the second derivative test fails?

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(g) What is a saddle point? lle
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(h) What are critical points?
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3. Find the dimensions of a rectangular box of maximum volume such that the sum of the lengths
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of its 12 edges is a constant c.

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4. If the length of the diagonal of a rectangular box must be L, what is the largest possible
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volume?
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5. Find the volume of the largest rectangular box in the first octant with three faces in the
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coordinate planes and one vertex in the plane x + 2y + 3z = 6.

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6. Show that f (x, y) = x2 + 4y 2 − 4xy + 2 has an infinite number of critical points and that
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D = fxx fyy − fxy = 0 at each one. Then show that f has a local (and absolute) minimum at
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each critical point.

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Sample quastions: Similar to Problem 1 and Problem 2.

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7. Least squares and regression lines When we try to fit a line y = mx + b to a set of
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numerical data points (x1 , y1 ), (x2 , y2 ), · · · , (xn , yn ), we usually choose the line that minimizes
the sum of the squares of the vertical distances from the points to the line. In theory, this
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means finding the values of m and b that minimize the value of the function
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w = (mx1 + b − y1 )2 + · · · + (mxn + b − yn )2 .
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(a) Show that the values of m and b that do this are

( nk=1 xk ) ( nk=1 yk ) − n nk=1 xk yk
P P P
m= 2 (1)
( nk=1 xk ) − n nk=1 x2k
P P
n n
!
1 X X
b= yk − m xk (2)
n k=1 k=1

12
 Note: Many scientific calculators have these formulas built in, enabling you to find m
and b with only a few keystrokes after you have entered the data. The line y = mx + b
determined by these values of m and b is called the least squares line, regression line, or
trend line for the data under study. Finding a least squares line lets you
• summarize data with a simple expression,
• predict values of y for other, experimentally untried values of x,
• handle data analytically.
(b) Use Equations (1) and (2) to find the least squares line for each set of data points. Then

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use the linear equation you obtain to predict the value of y that would correspond to

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x = 4.

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i. (−2, 0), (0, 2), (2, 3)

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ii. (−1, 2), (0, 1), (3, −4)

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iii. (0, 0), (1, 2), (2, 3)

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Sample quastions:

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1. Explain method to solve this problem.

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2. What is the role of calculus in solving this problem?

3. How to improve accuracy of this method? lle

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Practical 6
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Lagrange’s Multiplier
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1. Find the points on the sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 4 that are closest to and farthest from the point
(3, 1, −1).
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Sample questions:
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What is Lagrange’s Multiplier?

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What is the function that is to be maximize or minimize in this case?

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What is the condition (constraint) in this case?

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2. √
Consider the problem of maximizing the function f (x, y) = 2x + 3y subject to the constraint
to

√
x+ y =5 .
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(a) Try using Lagrange multipliers to solve the problem.

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(b) Does f (25, 0) give a larger value than the one in part (a)?
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(c) Solve the problem by graphing the constraint equation and several level curves of f .
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(d) Explain why the method of Lagrange multipliers fails to solve the problem.
(e) What is the significance of f (9, 4)?

Explain problem geometrically.

13
 3. The plane x + y + z = 1 cuts the cylinder x2 + y 2 = 1 in an ellipse. Find the points on the
ellipse that lie closest to and farthest from the origin.
Sample questions:
Similar to previous problems.

4. The temperature at a point (x, y) on a metal plate is T (x, y) = 4x2 − 4xy + y 2 . An ant on
the plate walks around the circle of radius 5 centered at the origin. What are the highest and
lowest temperatures encountered by the ant?

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Sample questions:

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Explain the problem.

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Which function is to be minimize or maximize in this case?

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What are critical points in this case?

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What are extreme points in this cae?

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5. A space probe in the shape of the ellipsoid 4x2 + y 2 + 4z 2 = 16 enters Earth’s atmosphere and

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its surface begins to heat. After 1 hour, the temperature at the point (x, y, z) on the probe’s

(A
surface is T (x, y, z) = 8x2 + 4yz − 16z + 600. Find the hottest point on the probe’s surface.

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Sample questions:
Similar to above problems. lle
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6. (a) Show that the maximum value of f (a, b, c) = a2 b2 c2 on a sphere of radius r centered at
n

the origin of a Cartesian abc-coordinate system is (r2 /3)3 .

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(b) Geometric and arithmetic means: Show that for nonnegative numbers a, b, and c,
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a+b+c
≥ (abc)1/3 ,
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that is, the geometric mean of three nonnegative numbers is less than or equal to their
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arithmetic mean.
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Sample questions:
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What is arithmetic mean-geometric mean inequality?

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What is the maximization function in this case?

What is constraint in this case?
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Practical 7
m
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Double Integrals
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1. Find the volume of the region bounded above by the elliptical paraboloid z = 16 − x2 − y 2 and
below by the square R : 0 ≤ x ≤ 2, 0 ≤ y ≤ 2.
Sample questions:
State the double integral in this case.
What is R in this case? Sketch it.
Sketch the region in this case.

14
 What is integrand in this case.
What are limits of integration in this case.
ZZ ZZ
Is it true that f (x, y)dxdy = f (x, y)dydx in this case? Why?
R R

2. Find the volume of the region bounded above by the paraboloid z = x2 + y 2 and below by the
triangle enclosed by the lines y = x, x = 0, and x + y = 2 in the xy-plane.
Sample questions:

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Similar to above.

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3. Converting to a double integral: Evaluate the integral

s ),
Z 2

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(tan−1 πx − tan−1 x)dx.

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0

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∞ ∞ ∞ 2

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Z Z Z b Z b Z
−x2 −y 2 −x2 −y 2 −x2
4. Prove that e dxdy = lim e dxdy = 4 e dx .

u
b→∞

(A
−∞ −∞ −b −b 0
Sample questions:

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Explain the qualio in the quastion.
Explain the steps in this problem.
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Explain above iquation geometrically.
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5. Find the volume of the solid that lies under the plane 4x + 6y − 2z + 15 = 0 and above the
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rectangle R = {(x, y) : −1 ≤ x ≤ 2, −1 ≤ y ≤ 1}.

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6. Consider the regions D from the following figures.

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m
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Express D as a union of regions of type I or type II and evaluate the integrals

rt
pa

ZZ ZZ
2
x dA and ydA.
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D D
Sample quastions:
What is Fubini’s theorem?
How to integrate f over D?

7. An agricultural sprinkler distributes water in a circular pattern of radius 100 ft. It supplies
water to a depth of e−r feet per hour at a distance of r feet from the sprinkler.

15
 (a) If 0 ≤ R ≤ 100, what is the total amount of water supplied per hour to the region inside
the circle of radius R centered at the sprinkler?
(b) Determine an expression for the average amount of water per hour per square foot supplied
to the region inside the circle of radius R.

Sample questions:
Explain the problem.
What is the double integral involved in it?

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What is the region of integration in it?

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Practical 8

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Triple integrals and change of variables

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1. Noncircular cylinder: A solid right (noncircular) cylinder has its base R in the xy-plane

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and is bounded above by the paraboloid z = x2 + y 2 . The cylinder’s volume is

u
(A
Z 1Z y Z 2 Z 2−y
2 2
V = (x + y )dxdy + (x2 + y 2 )dxdy.

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0 0 1 0
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(a) Sketch the base region R and express the cylinder’s volume as a single iterated integral
with the order of integration reversed.
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(b) Then evaluate the integral to find the volume.

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Sample questions:
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What is Fubini’s theorem?

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Is it applicable in this case? Why?

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Sketch the region of integration? What are regions R1 , R2 ?

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m

2. Find the volume of the region D enclosed by the surfaces z = x2 + 3y 2 and z = 8 − x − y 2 .

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3. (a) Solve the system u = x − y, v = 2x + y for x and y in terms of u and v. Then find the
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∂(x, y)
value of the Jacobian .
∂(u, v)
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(b) Find the image under the transformation u = x − y, v = 2x + y of the triangular region
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with vertices (0, 0), (1, 1), and (1, −2) in the xy-plane. Sketch the transformed region in
m

the uv-plane.
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(c) Use the transformation in (a) to evaluate the integral

pa
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4 y/2+1
2x − y
Z Z
dxdy.
0 y/2 2

(d) Use transformation in (a) to evaluate the integral

ZZ
(2x2 − xy − y 2 )dxdy
R

16
 for the region R in the first quadrant bounded by the lines y = −2x + 4, y = −2x + 7, y =
x − 2, and y = x + 1.
Sample questions:
What is Jacobian?
What is the imortance of Jacobian?
What is condition on transformation to apply change of variable formula?
Sketch the region after applying the change of variables.

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What is the change of variable in single integral and what is the Jacobian?

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4. (a) Solve the system u = 2x − 3y, v = −x + y for x and y in terms of u and v. Then find the

),
∂(x, y)

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value of the Jacobian .

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∂(u, v)

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(b) Find the image under the transformation u = 2x − 3y, v = −x + y of the parallelogram

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R in the xy-plane with boundaries x = −3, x = 0, y = x, and y = x + 1. Sketch the

to
transformed region in the uv-plane.

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5. Let D be the region bounded below by the plane z = 0, above by the sphere x2 +y 2 +z 2 = 4, and
on the sides by the cylinder x2 + y 2 = 1. Set up the triple integrals in cylindrical coordinates

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that give the volume of D using the following orders of integration.
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(a) dzdrdθ (b) drdzdθ (c) dθdzdr
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6. Find the volume of the region bound- ed below by the paraboloid z = x2 + y 2 , laterally by the
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cylinder x2 + y 2 = 1, and above by the paraboloid z = x2 + y 2 + 1.

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7. Find the volume of the region that lies inside the sphere x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 2 and outside the
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cylinder x2 + y 2 = 1.
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Sample questions:
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Similar to the previous problems.

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8. A swimming pool is circular with a 40-ft diameter. The depth is constant along east-west lines
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and increases linearly from 2-ft at the south end to 7 ft at the north end. Find the volume of
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water in the pool.

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Sample questions:
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Explain the problem theorotically.

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Explain the problem geometrically.

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Sketch the regions

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What is an integrand and region of integration in this case?

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State the integral involved in this case.

9. (a) Evaluate ZZ
dV,
D

where D is the solid enclosed by the ellipsoid x2 /a2 + y 2 /b2 + z 2 /c2 = 1. Use the trans-
formation x = au, y = bv, z = cw.

17
 (b) The earth is not a perfect sphere; rotation has resulted in flattening at the poles. So the
shape can be approxi mated by an ellipsoid with a = b = 6378 km and c = 6356 km. Use
part (a) to estimate the volume of the earth.
(c) If the solid of part (a) has constant density k, find its moment of inertia about the z-axis.
Sample questions:
Similar to above.

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18