Experiment No: 6 (b)

TITLE: STUDY OF R-L-C PARALLEL CIRCUIT.

OBJECTIVES:

 To determine the circuit parameters,

 To determine power and power factors
 To draw phasor diagram.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

VR B

VC
I2 C
V
O A
I I1 Vl
Vr D

LIST OF APPARATUS:

Sl. No Item Range Maker Maker’s no

THEORY:

Refer any text book in list

PROCEDURE:

1) Connect the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram.

2) Measure V, VR, VL, VC using a voltmeter as shown in the circuit diagram.
3) Note the ammeter readings I, I1, I2

EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS:

 Voltmeter Readings (volt) Ammeter Readings (amp)
V VR VL VC I I1 I2

Phasor Diagram:

A) Construction of Phasor Diagram:

1. Draw a circle or semi-circle taking V as the diameter (OA = V).

2. Draw an arc taking O as centre and VR as radius so that it intersects the circle
or semi-circle at B.
3. Join OB and BA (OB = VR, BA = VC)
4. Draw I2 in phase with VR , (OC = I2)
5. Draw an arc taking O as center & I as radius.
6. Draw another arc taking C as center and I1 as radius so that it intersects arc I at
D.
7. Join OD & CD. (OD = I, CD = I1)
8. Draw OE parallel to CD and OE = CD = I1
9. OE intersects the circle or semi-circle at F (OF = vr)
10. Join FA (FA = vL)

Note: Draw the voltage & current to different scales.

B) Calculations:

With reference to the phasor diagram,

Resistance of the choke, r = vr/I1 ohm
Inductive reactance, XL= vL/I1 , But XL= 2fL, thus L = XL/2f
Power factor of the circuit= cosAOD = cos
Power = VI cosD. cosAOD

Analytical Calculations:

With reference to the phasor diagram, let

<BOA = <FOA = D = 
Applying cosine law of triangle to COD,

Thus, <COD= cos-1

From tan VC/ VR , thus, tan-1(VC/ VR)

<AOD may be obtained by combining <COD and θ1 either by subtraction or
addition
Power factor of the whole circuit = cos AOD = cos
Power = V.I.Cos
 Resistance of the circuit, R = VR/I2 (ohm)
Capacitive reactance, Xc = VC/I2 , Capacitance = 1/2f Xc (farad)
Find Vl and Vr analytically
From F, tan Vl / Vr = I1XL/I1r
Impedance of the branch I, Z1= VL/I1= ( r2+ XL2)1/2 = [r2 + (r.tan1/2
Impedance of the branch II, Z2 = (R2 + Xc2)1/2
Admittance, Y1= 1/Z1, Y2= 1/Z2
 Total Admittance, Y= Y1 + Y2 [vector sum]
Total Impedance, Z=1/Y

Analytical calculation of vL& vr

<OCD = Cos ˉ1 I12 + I22 - I2

2 I1 I2
<COE = 180˚ - <OCD
So, <AOE = = < COE - θ1
vL= V Sin  vr = V Cos 
XL = vL , r = vr , L = XL
I1 I1 2f

Check For Correct Phasor Diagram

180˚ - tan-1(VC/ VR) - Cos ˉ1 I12 + I22 - I2 < 90 ˚

2 I1 I2
REPORT:

1. State whether the power factor of the circuit is leading or lagging.

2. Compare the circuit parameters, power & power factor for both graphical &
analytical calculations.

Circuit Parameter Analytical Graphical

R
L
C
Cos
power