BASIC ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS

ENGINEERING LAB MANUAL
FOR

II SEMESTER  B.E 

ASSAM ENGINEERING COLLEGE

NAME……………………………………………
ROLL. NO…………………………………………
BRANCH…………………………………………..

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRCAL & INSTRUMENTATION
ENGINEERING
ASSAM ENGINEERING COLLEGE
GUWAHATI – 13
 CONTENTS

Page No.

Introduction …………………………………………………………...

Course Objectives …………………………………………………....

Use of Laboratory Equipment ……………………………

Laboratory Notebooks and Reports …………………………………

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

No. 1: Calibration of a Milliammeter as a Voltmeter.

No. 2: Calibration of a Millivoltmeter as an Ammeter
No. 3: Characteristic of Filament Lamp
No. 4: Measurement of Ohmic and Effective Resistance
No. 5: Verification of Thevenin’s Theorem
No. 6: Verification of Maximum Power Transfer Theorem
No. 7A: Study of R-L-C Series Circuit
No. 7B: Study of R-L-C Parallel Circuit
No. 8: Study of Balanced Three-Phase Circuit
No. 9: Measurement of Power with Wattmeter
No. 10: Half wave/ Full wave rectifier circuit
No. 11: Forward/Reverse characteristic of Semiconductor Diode
No. 12: Zener Diode Characteristics
No. 13: Residential house wiring using switches, fuse indicator, lamp and
energy meter.
Introduction

A course on laboratory experiments on Basic Electrical Engineering is offered

to the B.E. 2nd semester undergraduate students of all disciplines keeping in
view the following objectives:
 to provide experience in experimental methods
 to provide experience in using variety of electrical instruments and other
accessories
 to reinforce theoretical instructions with related practical training
 to develop ability in electric circuit connections and testing
 to provide training in technical report writing

A. General Instructions to the students (Do’s):

 You are allowed to perform only one experiment in a day.

 You must come prepared to perform experiments in the laboratory.
 Bring bond papers (A4 size), graph papers, calculator, pencil etc. to the
laboratory
 Complete the experiment within allotted time. It includes
o Preparation of Data Sheet (format is enclosed)
o Circuit connection
o Observations
o Calculations and plotting of graphs
o Preparation of complete report (as per
instruction sheet)
 Take permission from the concerned Instructor before switching ON the
circuit.
 Disconnect the circuit after completion of the experiment with prior
permission and keep the equipments and other accessories in proper places.
 Get the Data Sheet verified and signed by your teacher before
disconnecting your circuit. Data Sheet with teacher’s signature is treated as
your attendance record.

B. Precautions while working in the laboratory ( Don’t’s):

The students must observe the following general precautions:

 Select proper type of instruments
 Make all the connections tightly
 Do not leave loose wires
 Do not touch live terminals
 Use suitable wire-types and sizes
 Get the connections checked by your teacher before switching ON the
supply
 Never exceed the permissible values of current, voltage etc.
 Switch ON or OFF the load gradually

C. Lab Policy and Grading:

The student should understand the following policies:

C1. Attendance:

Attendance is mandatory and any absence must be for a valid reason and must
be documented. In case of absence, proper approval must be taken from the
Head of the Department. A copy of the approved leave application must be
submitted to the faculty in charge of the laboratory.

C2. Lab Records:

The student must:

1. Always carry a rough note copy to record the results of the experiments.
2. Prepare a lab report on performed experiments and submit in the next
class.

C3. Grading Policy:

The final grade of this Laboratory is determined using the following criterion:

1. In-class work along with attendance: 20%

2. Lab reports: 10 %
3. Final exam:
a) Performing experiment: 40%
b) Viva: 30%
Course Objectives

Basic Electrical & Electronics Engineering Laboratory is designed to provide

the student with the knowledge to use measuring instruments and techniques
with proficiency to complement the concepts introduced in course code EE .
In addition, the student should learn how to record experimental results
effectively and present these results in a written report.

Course Outcome

After the successful completion of the experiments student should be able to:
CO1. Recognize and classify any instrument whether AC/DC PMMC or PMMI
on observation of their features and define the function they serve.
CO2. Understand use of fuses in protecting the electrical circuit and the
different ranges and ratings of instruments used in the circuit based upon
the measurements to be taken.
CO3. Correlate theoretical knowledge of Thevenin or Maximum Power
Transfer theorems to the experiment in the lab.
CO4. Reinforce theoretical knowledge of single phase and three phase voltages
and currents and their relations after the AC experiments.
CO5. Develop ability to observe and confidence to express measurements in
terms of graphs, tables and reports.
Use of Laboratory Equipment
DC Ammeter and Voltmeter

Generally, the meter used for measuring DC quantities (current or voltage) is a

permanent magnet moving coil (PMMC) meter. It has an advantage of having a
linear scale and hence it is very convenient to read. Further, it can be accurately
read in the range of 0-30% of its scale, while the other types have a non-linear
scale, which is cramped in this portion. The moving coil type instruments have
one of the symbols, as shown in Fig. 1, at one of the corners of its dial as an
additional identification.

The terminals of such meters have polarities marked (+/-- sign or colored
red/black) and the connections have to be properly made for getting readings.
Otherwise, the pointer tends to deflect in the wrong direction and the meter will
not read.

AC Ammeter and Voltmeter

Generally, the meter used for measuring AC quantities is a ‘moving iron’ type.
In this meter, the deflection is proportional to the square of the quantity and
hence it reads the effective value or the RMS value. The meter is thus suitable
for both DC and AC quantities, and it does not have polarity markings. Usually,
the meter has any one of the markings, as shown in Fig. 2, on the dial for
identification. In addition, it has non-uniform scale, which is cramped in its
lower portion.

Wattmeter

Wattmeter is used to measure power in a circuit. It has two coils: current coil
(cc) and pressure coil (pc). The current coil (low resistance path), also known as
fixed coil or field coil, carries circuit current and is connected in series with the
load like an ammeter. The terminals of this coil are marked as M and L (i.e.
Mains and Load), and it is necessary that the power flow should be from M to
L. The pressure coil (high resistance path), also known as voltage coil, has the
circuit voltage across it and is connected like a voltmeter.
This coil carries a current proportional to that voltage. A high non-inductive
resistance is connected in series with the coil to limit the current to a small
value. The terminals of this coil are marked as C (common) and V (voltage).
The terminal C is common to both current coil and pressure coil. The user has to
connect the terminal M and C for using this instrument as a wattmeter. Fig. 3
shows the connections of wattmeter terminals in an electric circuit.

Fig. 3 Wattmeter connection

Rheostat

Rheostat is a wire wound resistor. It is made of a high resistivity material, such

as Nichrome (Nickel-Chromium-Iron alloy). Tubular rheostat is made of either
a single tube or double tube. The rating of a rheostat is specified by the current
that is safely carried by the rheostat and the resistance in ohms (maximum
obtainable value from the rheostat). From the current and resistance rating, we
are able to calculate the maximum safe voltage to be applied and the power
dissipation. For example, a rheostat of current rating 3.75 A and resistance of 90
ohms has the safe voltage = 3.75 × 90 = 337.5 V and power dissipation = 3.75 2
× 90 = 1260 watt.
Rheostat can be used in three different ways:
 Fixed resistance
 Variable resistance
 Potential divider
There are three terminals in single-tube rheostat. Two of them are fixed
terminals (B & C) and the other is a variable terminal (A) as shown in Fig. 4.
Fixed resistance is obtained by using fixed terminals whereas variable resistance
is obtained by using one of the fixed terminals and the variable terminal. The
variation of resistance is made by sliding the contact attached with the variable
terminal. Rheostat can also be used as a potential divider. In this case, the
supply voltage is connected between the fixed terminals (B & C) and the
variable voltage is obtained from terminals A and B (with the common point B
as the –ve in case of DC).

In the double-tube rheostat,

both the tubes are
connected by the sliding
contact. The rated
resistance is the resistance
of both the tubes together.

Variable Inductor

Variable inductor is available in the laboratory in the form of a coil with fixed
number of turns but its magnetic circuit has a variable air gap. The variable air
gap is obtained by moving a portion of its magnetic core in the vertical direction
(for convenience of the user). The inductance is maximum when there is no gap.

Source of Power Supply:

1. AC supply

In the laboratory, 50 Hz A.C. supply is available in the following forms:

 Single-phase-230 V, Two terminals are Phase (L) and Neutral (N)
 Three-phase-415 V, Three Phase terminals (R, Y,B) and one Neutral (N)

2. DC supply
In the laboratory 220 volt DC supply is obtained through a rectifier circuit (two
terminals are marked as +ve and –ve).
Laboratory Notebooks and Reports

The Laboratory Notebook:

The student must records and interprets his/her experiments via the laboratory
notebook and the laboratory report. The laboratory notebook is essential in
recording the methodology and results of an experiment. Therefore, it is
important to learn to keep an accurate notebook. The laboratory notebook:

1) Should have one side of a page single lined and the opposite side blank.
2) Should be neatly covered with name plate stating name, section, branch, and
group number allotted in the BEEE lab.
3) Should contain the experiment's title, the date, the equipment and instruments
used, the circuit diagram, the procedure used, the data (in tables when several
measurements have been made), and the analysis of the results/discussions in
the report of each experiment.
4) Should contain graphical plots of data and phasor diagrams as is necessary
and appropriate of the recording and analysis of observations.
5) Is a permanent record of the experiments carried out by the student. This
notebook carries weightage in the grades obtained (refer C3).

Preparation of Lab Report:

Engineering results are meaningless unless they can be communicated to others.

The laboratory report is the primary means of communicating the student’s
experience and conclusions to other professionals. The report is a record of
what the student did in the lab and what he/she has learned from the experience.

The report should be clear and concise. As a guide, the format has been
provided on the next page. Tables, diagrams, sketches, and plots, as necessary
should be used to display the observations, and conclusions drawn from these.
Even though students will work in small groups, each student must write his/her
own report. The objective of this endeavor is to provide practice in technical
communication to the student.
 Format of Lab Report

BEEE LABORATORY AUTUMN 2016

EXPERIMENT NO WITH TITLE- Indicate the lab title and number

DATE - Indicate the date the lab was performed

ENROLLEMENT NUMBER - Give your enrollment no.

OBJECTIVE/AIM - Clearly state the objective of performing the lab.

APPARATUS USED - Indicate which equipment was used in performing the

experiment in tabular form. Range of equipments used must be clearly
indicated. The manufacturer and model number should be specified.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM - Draw the electrical circuit diagram for the experiment
performed.

PROCEDURE - Provide a concise summary of the procedure used in the lab.

Include any modifications to the experiment.

DATA - Provide a record of the data obtained during the experiment. Data
should be the measurements obtained by the student and presented in a clear
manner using tables.

OBSERVATIONS - The student should state what conclusions can be drawn

from the experiment. Plots, charts, other graphical medium, and equations
should be employed to illustrate the student's viewpoint. Sources of error and
percent error should be noted here.

CONCLUSIONS/REPORT - The student should present conclusions which

may be logically deduced from his/her data and observations.

DISCUSSIONS/QUESTIONS - Questions pertaining to the lab may be

answered here. These questions may be answered after the lab is over and as
assignment to help clarify and provide clear understanding of the experiment
and its application.
Basic Electrical &Electronics Engineering Laboratory
(2nd Semester)
DATA SHEET

Name of the student:____________________________Roll No.________Section:____

Experiment No.______ Date:_______________

Title of the Experiment:

Objectives:

Circuit Diagram:

List of Apparatus:
Sl. No Item Range Maker Maker’s No
Experimental Observations and Results:

Signature of Teacher
Note: Student may use photocopy of the Data Sheet