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Exponents and Radicals
Exponents and Radicals
Tip. When simplifying radical expressions, it is helpful to rewrite a number using its prime factorization
and cancel powers.
p p3
p3
p
Example. 108 = 22 33 so 108 = 22 33 = 3 22 = 3 4
3 3
(j) 52 · 5 (k) 58 · 5 6
(l) 5 8
· 56
2 108 102
(m) 23 (n) (o)
105 10 2
2. Simplify.
p p p
3
(a) 12 (b) 18 (c) 250
p
5
p
5
p
4
(d) 243 (e) 486 (f) 162
r p
27 18 p
3
(g) (h) p (i) 5 81
16 36
p
p p p p 80
(j) 2· 6 (k) 14 · 32 (l) p
5
p
p
3
p
4
p
4 63
(m) 500 (n) 24 · 14 (o) p
7
r r
5 1 5 1
(p) ·
2 16
8 x15
(g) z · z3 (h) x 2 x 6 x4 (i)
x10
x8 x0
(j) y 3 · y 9
(k) w5 w 8 w4 (l)
x12
b8 b 3 ⇣ x ⌘3
(m) (n) (z 3 z 5 )2 (o) (3x4 )
b 3
y3y5
(p) (q) ( 2b3 b3 )3 (r) ( 3x2 )2 (2x 2 )3
y2y 3
7. Simplify and eliminate negative exponents. Assume that all letters denote positive numbers.
2 4 3 12 1 1
(a) x 3 · x 3 (b) a 5 · a 5 (c) (9x) 2 · (4x 4 )
3 1
2
3 1 x2 x2 2
(d) ((2b) ) · (2b)
9 3 (e) 5 (f) (27z 3 ) 3
x 2
1 1 1 2
(g) (x5 y 4 ) 2 (h) ( 8x6 y 18
) 3 y 1 (yx 2 ) 3
3
!4 ✓ ◆ ✓ ◆ 1
a2 a 2 x6 y 3 3
(i) 1 (j) 3
b 2 b3 27y 5
Answers
1. (a) 81 (b) 81 (c) 1/8 (d) 32 (e) 32 (f) 1 (g) 1/3 (h) 1/9
(i) 25/4 (j) 125 (k) 25 (l) 1/25 (m) 64 (n) 1000 (o) 10,000
p p
p p p
3
p
5
p
4 3 3 2
2. (a) 2 3 (b) 3 2 (c) 5 2 (d) 3 (e) 3 2 (f) 3 2 (g) (h)
4 2
p
3
p p p
3
p
4 1
(i) 15 3 (j) 2 3 (k) 8 7 (l) 4 (m) 5 4 (n) 2 21 (o) 3 (p)
2
1 1
3. (a) x13 (b) 4x6 (c) x2 (d) y 15 (e) 27x3 (f) y 4 (g) (h) (i) x5
z5 x4
1 1 x7 72
(j) (k) w (l) (m) b4 (n) z 16 (o) (p) y 9 (q) 8b18 (r)
y6 x4 9 x2
x5 y 3 7y 6 y6
4. (a) (b) (c) 8y 2 (d) (e) 64w15 (f) y 3 (g) 1728x9 (h)
7 4z 4 x w3
5 4
729 1 a18 x11 b15 9x6 y 4x9
(i) (j) 3 (k) 12 (l) (m) (n) (o) w2 v 9 (p) 13
512z 15 xy b yz 6 a8 2 y
9 1
(q) 2 6 (r)
w x 8x6 y 9
6 3 5 4 1 1
5. (a) x 5 (b) x 8 (c) x 2 (d) x 3 (e) x 12 (f) x 10
11 22 12 19 8 5 3
6. (a) x 2 (b) x 7 (c) x 5 (d) x 15 (e) x 27 (f) x 2 (g) x2 (h) x 2
7 3 2 5
(i) x 3 (j) x 5 (k) x 3 (l) x 4
3 1 1 1 y6
7. (a) x2 (b) a3 (c) 12x 4 (d) 2b (e) 1 (f) (g) 5 (h)
x 2 9z 2 x y2
2 2x2
1 6
x3 a4 3y 5
(i) 1 (j) (k) 2
y3 b x
ID: 1
Keystone Algebra 1 Name___________________________________
1) −1 − 2 2) 9 ÷ ( 3 )
3) 1 − 4 × −2 12
4) −
−1 + 1
5) 1 − −3 + 5 6) ( 3 − 3 − −4) × 5
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11) x − ( z + x); use x = 6, and z = 3 12) 6 x + y ; use x = 1, and y = 1
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ID: 1
Keystone Algebra 1 Name___________________________________
1) −1 − 2 2) 9 ÷ ( 3 )
3 3
3) 1 − 4 × −2 12
4) −
−6 −1 + 1
−6
5) 1 − −3 + 5 6) ( 3 − 3 − −4) × 5
9 20
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11) x − ( z + x); use x = 6, and z = 3 12) 6 x + y ; use x = 1, and y = 1
−3 12
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