Civil engineering structures in the world related to politics, economy

and religion.

Politics
1) Great Hall of the People
The Great Hall of the People is a building located
on the west side of Beijing's Tiananmen Square.

The Great Hall of the People was designed by

Zhang Bo. It was inaugurated in September 1959
and was one of the Ten Great Buildings
constructed for the 10th anniversary of the
People's Republic of China.

The building has an area of 171.8 square meters, 356 meters in length, 206.5 meters in width and a
maximum height of 46,5 meters. It was built in ten months by construction workers and volunteers.

Used for legislative and ceremonial activities by the government of the People's Republic of China
and the Communist Party of China.

2) Tennessee State Capitol

It is located in Nashville, Tennessee, United States,

It was built in 1845 and completed in 1854 by the civil engineer
William Strickland.
It is the seat of the Tennessee legislature, the location of the
governor's office, and it is a National Historic Landmark. Designed by
William Strickland, it is one of Nashville's most prominent examples
of Greek Revival architecture. It is one of eleven state capitols
without a dome.
3) The Reichstag building
The Reichstag building is located in the
Tiergarten district, in the Mitte district of
Berlin, Germany.
The building, designed by Paul Wallot a
university professor and architect, its
most striking feature is its 70 m high
dome.
The construction began in 1884 and was
completed in 1894 following a neo-
Renaissance style.
It was the seat of the Reichstag during the Second German Empire (1871-1918), and later the
parliament of the Weimar Republic (1919-1933). Since 1994 the Federal Assembly meets there every
five years to elect Germany’s president and since 1999 until today is the meeting place of the
German parliament.

Economy
1) Kansai International Airport
It is an international airport located on an artificial
island in Osaka Bay, Japan.
Its construction began in 1987 and was designed by
architect Renzo Piano and inaugurated on
September 4, 1994.
Kansai International airport is 4 km long and 1 km
wide. The engineers designed it considering the
possible earthquakes and typhoons frequent in the
region.
Approximately 21 million cubic meters of concrete blocks were used as fill, excavated from three
mountains. The work employed a workforce of approximately 10,000 workers, and 10 million working
hours over 3 years, using 80 ships to complete the 30 m thick layer located on the underwater
platform.
The airport serves as the hub for Japan Airlines, All Nippon Airways and Nippon Cargo Airlines. It is
the gateway for the Kansai region, consisting of the cities of Osaka, Kyoto and Kōbe.
2) Panama Canal
The Panama Canal, located between the
Caribbean Sea and the Ocean, is considered
one of the great engineering works of the 20th
century.
The project director was the civil engineer John
F. Stevens, and it was inaugurated on August
15, 1914, after 10 decades of construction with
a total length of 82 km.
It is a Pacific inter-oceanic navigation route. It
has managed to shorten maritime communication in time and distance, boosting trade and economic
exchange by providing a short and relatively cheap transit route.

3) Central Bank
Located at Agustinas 1180, Santiago de Chile.
It is a historic preservation building built on a plot
of land of approximately 3200 m². It has an
eclectic neoclassical style. The work, designed by
the architect Alberto Cruz Montt, began its
construction in 1927 and had three floors and a
basement, with 6,494 square meters of built area,
opening its doors to the public in December 1928.
The building is characterized by its large bronze
door, which has been part of the building since its
foundation. It was built by the Maestranza y Cerrajería Artísticas Carlos Mina & sons. Made in two
folds, it weighs 6000 kilos and it is 6.2 meters in height and 3.5 meters in width.
The Central Bank's main objective is to ensure the stability of the currency and the normal functioning
of internal and external payments.

Religion
1) Temple of Artemis
The Temple of Artemis is a Greek temple of the
Archaic period in Corfu, Greece, built around
580 B.C in the ancient city of Korkyra.
It is known as the first Doric temple built
exclusively of stone. It is also considered the
first building to incorporate all the elements of
the Doric architectural style.
The temple was a peripteral building with a
pseudo-dipteral configuration. Its perimeter was
rectangular, with a width of 23.4 m and a length
of 49 m, facing east so that light could enter the
interior of the temple at dawn. It was one of the
largest temples of its time.
The temple was dedicated to Artemis who was one of the most revered deities: She is the Hellenic
goddess of hunting, wild animals, virgin land.

2) St. Peter's Basilica

Located in Vatican City, the basilica has
the largest interior space of a Christian
church in the world.
The construction of the present building,
on the ancient Constantinian basilica,
began on April 18, 1506, by order of
Pope Julius II, and was completed on
November 18th, 1626 by some of the
most renowned architects in history,
such as Donato Bramante, Michelangelo
and Bernini.
It is 193 m long, 137 m high with the dome, and covers an area of 2,3 hectares.
It is considered one of the most sacred places of Catholicism.

3)Taj Mahal
It is a funerary monument located in the city of Agra, Uttar Pradesh state (India), on the banks of the
Yamuna River, by the Muslim emperor Shah Jahan of the Mughal dynasty.
The imposing complex of buildings was erected in honour of his favourite wife, Arjumand Banu
Begum who died in childbirth of their fourteenth son.
Built between 1631 and 1654 the Taj Mahal is a walled complex of buildings occupying 17 hectares
and also includes a large mosque, a guest house and gardens. It is estimated that some 20,000
workers worked on its construction under the direction of a group of architects led by the court
architect, Ustad Ahmad Lahori.
This monument has achieved special notoriety for the romantic character of its inspiration. Although
the mausoleum covered by the white marble dome is the best-known part.
The monument is a major tourist destination in India. In 2007 it was designated one of the New Seven
Wonders of the Modern World.
The Taj Mahal is a great symbolic representation of earthly and heavenly life according to the Islamic
religion.