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Touch Screen With Feelings
Touch Screen With Feelings
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
Submitted By
K.VINEETH
(17FE1A0446)
CERTIFICATE
We are most thankful to our parents who stood as pillars of motivation and for the way they
influenced and moulded our lives.
We are more thankful to our chairman Dr. LAVU RATHAIAH who helped us to have a
technical incubation by providing the required infrastructure.
We are very much thankful to our principal Dr. K. PHANEENDRA KUMAR who extended
a timely help at each and every step of our academic career.
We are very thankful to our Head of the department Mr. M.SUMAN an amicable person who
supported us very much and helped to a maximum extent and made this project successful.
Finally, we are thankful to each and every faculty members both technical and non -technical,
friends and all the persons who helped us directly or indirectly in making our project a successful one.
By
K.Vineeth (17FE1A0446)
CONTENTS
DESCRIPTION PAGE NO
ABSTRACT i
LIST OF FIGURES ii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS iii
CHAPTER 4: 12-17
4.1 Advantages 12
4.2 Disadvantages 13
4.3 Applications 14
REFERENCES 20
ABSTRACT
This seminar includes the theory, design and construction of a haptic display for creating texture
vibrations between two flat plates have been shown tocreate a squeeze film of air between the
two plate surfaces thereby reducing the friction. Here, it is shown that a reduction of friction
will also occur between a human finger and a vibrating plate. Thus, a vibrating plate can serve
as a haptic interface. The amplitude of vibration can also be correlated to the amount of friction
reduction the plate and the finger. Varying the surface friction between the finger and the haptic
interface is a way of indirectly controlling shear forces on the finger during active exploration.
Using finger position and velocity feedback on the display allows for the creation of spatial
texture sensations.
LIST OF FIGURES
Page
Figure Number Figure Name
Number
1 Stimuli produced in the tactile display 6
2 Sample of virtual textures implemented on the TPaD 7
3 Surface plots of friction coefficient patterns 9
4 piezo bending element and mount 10
5 vibration mode of bending element 11
6 An electro static display 14
7 GraphiGlove 15
8 Flexible tactile display 16
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
S.No. Abbreviation Expansion
1 TPaD Tactile Pattern Display
2 IDT Interdigital Transducers
3 SAW Several Substrate Surfaces
TOUCH SCREEN WITH FEELINGS
CHAPTER 1
1.1: Introduction
In this digital age, our fingers have accomplished to love touch screens.
They provide an easy, emotional way to navigate our devices to make them do our
bidding. But still, our fingers haven’t felt any love in return. All glass screens feel the
same, they take, but as far as the tactile experience goes, they don’t give back. The closest
way to get finger feedback with most touch screens today comes from mechanical
actuators that vibrate the screen when your fingers touch it. You feel a minor vibration,
but nothing more. But think touchscreens could touch you back “your fingers actually
Tactile Pattern Display, or TPaD. It can create the image of texture on an unadorned
piece of glass. The 25-millimeter-diameter prototype takes advantage of the almost high
coefficient of friction between human skin and glass. Glass is remarkably. You could
think of it as being smooth, but the coefficient of friction between glass and your
fingertip is about 1. But when the glass is vibrated ultrasonically, a cushion of air
designs between your finger and its surface. The TPaD’s 1.6-mm-thick glass layer is set
into ultrasonic oscillation by a piezoelectric ceramic disc interested to the glass. The
to a factor of 10. The higher the amplitude of oscillation, the lower the coefficient of
friction.
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TOUCH SCREEN WITH FEELINGS
When you run a finger across the TPaD, you get a very strong tactile
the feeling that you are rubbing your finger against a file grating. The entire plate
vibrates, so the amount of friction is the equal all over the TPaD’s surface at
any given time. But because the oscillations are restrained as your finger’s
position changes, the device fools you into thinking that there are varying
keep record of your finger’s position. The friction reduction can be switched on
and off so quickly within 4 ms on average that the pitch of virtual bumps or
dips can be made far finer than what a fingertip can discern.
TPaD draws, which is hugely important in mobile devices, where your power
budget is measured in milliwatts. In principle, the TPaD does not need a lot of
power, but in practice, you run into issues like power being dissipated through
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TOUCH SCREEN WITH FEELINGS
1.2: Touch Screen Technology
A touch screen is an electronic visual display that can detect the presence andlocation of
a touch within the display area. The term generally refers to touch or contact to the
display of the device by a finger or hand. The ability to interact physically with what is
a touch screen.
It enables one to interact with what is displayed directly on the screen, where it
It lets one do so without requiring any intermediate device, again, such as a stylus
Touch screens eliminate keyboards and mice, which many find intimidatingand
cumbersome to use.
Touch screens provide fast access to any and all types of digital media, withno text-
Touch screens ensure that no space - on the desktop or elsewhere - is wasted,as the
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TOUCH SCREEN WITH FEELINGS
1.3: Ordinary Touch Screens:
Touch screen is a misnomer. Ordinary touch screens can detect the presenceand location
Touch Sensor
Controller
Software Drive
Touch Screen Sensor: It is a clear glass panel with a touch responsive surface.The
touch sensor/panel is placed over a display screen so that the responsive area of the panel
Controller: I t is a small PC card that connects between the touch sensor andthe PC.
It takes information from the touch sensor and translates it into information that PC can
understand.
Software Driver: The driver is a software update for the PC system that allowsthe
touch screen and computer to work together. It tells the computer's operating system how
to interpret the touch event information that is sent from the controller.
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TOUCH SCREEN WITH FEELINGS
CHAPTER 2
Tactile Pattern Display(TPaD)
flexural beam. During finger exploration of the beam a reduction in friction was observed
when the beam was actuated. This reduction in frictionwas used to mask surface features
from the user. the reduction in friction was caused by a squeeze film of air under the
finger pad. In ultrasonic tactile displays used interdigital transducers (IDT) to create
surface acoustic waves (SAW’s) on several substrate surfaces. The SAW’s generated
time between the balls and the substrate,” an air squeeze film between the ballsand the
in surface friction. TPaD Creates the illusion of texture on an unadorned pieceof glass.
The coefficient of friction between glass & fingertip is about 1mm. Ithas no visible or
audio texture.
provides a layer of air between your finger & the screen which reduce the friction. The
System tracks finger position & turns the vibration on & off.
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TOUCH SCREEN WITH FEELINGS
(A)
(B)
Figure 1: Examples of stimuli produced in the tactile display: (A) The 2-Dpresentation
of the palm, (B) and the 3-D presentation.
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TOUCH SCREEN WITH FEELINGS
2.1: Characteristics of TPaD
In the Tactile Pattern Display characteristics includes the rough spot, sticky circle, rough,
file grating, low profile Edge and smooth bumps. These are the sample of virtual textures
Color used to indicate friction level of Tactile Pattern Display(TPaD). Darker colors
represent the higher coefficients of friction. Whereas lighter colors represent the lower
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TOUCH SCREEN WITH FEELINGS
2.2: Tactile Pattern Display (TPaD) Device
The novelty of our T-PaD device is derived from not only the innovative bending element
design but also the ability to display virtual texture sensations.By controlling the surface
friction, we can therefore control the shear forces on the finger interacting with the
display. Knowing the location of the finger on the display allows for the creation of shear
force patterns on the display , i.e., the coefficient of friction on the surface is a function of
the finger location.These patterns are perceived by the user as texture sensations. For
example, a ”file grating” texture, is created by setting the coefficient of friction equal to
a square wave function of the x position of the finger. The texture sensations shown
In designing the T-PaD we felt it was imperative to fulfill the four following criteria:
Slim Design, High Surface Friction, Inaudible and Controllable Friction. Since this
device only reduces friction, it is desirable to start with a surface of relatively high
surface friction. It is also important for all parts of the device to resonate outside of the
audible range. Finally, a mapping betweenthe excitation voltage and the level of friction
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TOUCH SCREEN WITH FEELINGS
CHAPTER 3
3.Construction:
3.1: Bending Element Construction
The Piezoelectric Bending Element Haptic Display presented in this paper and modeled
and comprises a 25 mm diameter, 1 mm thick piezo ceramic disk epoxied to a glass disk
of equal diameter and 1.59 mm thickness. The piezo-ceramic disks used were identical
to those used by Weis endanger. However, the steel support layer was replaced with a
thicker glass layer. A thicker glass is beneficial in several ways. A glass interface has a
higher coefficient of friction than steel, allowing for a broader range of shear forces. The
thicker support layer of glass increases the resonant frequency, ensuring operation out of
the audible range, while not sacrificing amplitude. Thebending element has a total height
of only 2.59 mm and the mounting rings canhave a height less than 5 mm. The surface
friction with the finger is noticeablyincreased by using glass. Audible noise has been
eliminated, and a correlationbetween excitation voltage and surface friction has been
developed.
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TOUCH SCREEN WITH FEELINGS
The surface friction with the finger is noticeably increased by using glass.Audible noise
has been eliminated , and a correlation between excitation voltage and surface friction
from 0 to 40 Volts peak to peak. A 33 kHz, 10 Volt peak to peak signal is generated
multiplier chip (AD633AN). The signal is amplified and then stepped up by a 70V
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TOUCH SCREEN WITH FEELINGS
and compressibility effects. The presence of an air squeeze film between “parallel,
coaxial, flat disks with relative motion imposed betweenthe surfaces.” Given a high
enough frequency of relative motion and a smallgap distance (relative to the size of
the plate), viscous forces in the air between the plates will restrict air flow out of the
plates while compressibility effects will result in an average pressure between the
the governing equation for isothermal flow in thin gas films. The squeeze number, σ,
compressibility effects of the air. A large squeeze number (σ > 10) represents an air
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TOUCH SCREEN WITH FEELINGS
CHAPTER 4
4.1: Advantages:
when high vibration patterns and waves are used to transmit information to a user or
operator of an electronic device. “Tactile” means “to touch,” which is appropriate here,
considering many electronics and other products today are designed to relay information
to their users via touch. Thus,many everyday products are now being built with touch
They are also highly desired by users because they can be customized to individual
preferences, which is a huge improvement on the old way of doingthings. Also, tactile
feedback devices benefit companies by being cheaper to produce than audio feedback
Using tactile feedback also improves on the performance of those using the devices
Tactile Pattern Displays are used with projectors, which provides spatially distributed
tactile shape display on a single fingertip with a single-fingered kinesthetic display and
verified its usability. The tactile display unit is embedded into a stylus-like body and the
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TOUCH SCREEN WITH FEELINGS
Many more advantages included in Tactile Pattern Display are listed below
User Friendly
4.2: Disadvantages :
The development of a large area tactile interface based on squeeze film effect is
challenging. One main issue is the power consumption. Indeed, the dissipated power
converts to heat which increases the temperature of the touchsurface making the user
uncomfortable. Moreover, the heat also changes the resonance frequency of the plate,
reducing the vibration amplitude and furtherdegrading the perception of tactile feedback.
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TOUCH SCREEN WITH FEELINGS
4.3: Applications
For Blinds :
An electrostatic haptic display can be used for blinds. This technology modulates the
friction between a user’s fingertip and a touchscreen surface to create different tactile
sensations when the finger explores the touch screen. This functionality enables the user
to see and feel digital content simultaneously, leading to improved usability and user
experiences.
Electrostatic friction displays require only electrical components and provide uniform
friction over the screen. This tactile feedback technology not only allows easy and
lightweight integration into touch screen devices but also provides dynamic, rich and
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GraphiGlove :
Figure 7 : GraphiGlove
GraphiGlove is a tactile glove which is used for computer graphics. A data glove
is an interactive device, resembling a glove worn on the hand, which facilitates tactile
sensing and fine-motion control in robotics and virtual reality. Data gloves are one of
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TOUCH SCREEN WITH FEELINGS
active polymer. The display can deliver precise tactile and thermal stimuli on curved
body parts. The tactile array provides high actuation forces and actuation amplitude.
Thus, to improve the quality of teleoperation , there is a high demand for flexible
devices that are capable of matching the skins curvature while delivering multimodal
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Assistive technology
Advertisement
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TOUCH SCREEN WITH FEELINGS
CHAPTER 5
Conclusion:
Ability of a piezoelectric bending element to perform the function of a TactilePattern
Display(TPaD). The TPaD has a broad range of controllable friction levels. Texture
sensations are created by both spatial shear force patterns and velocity dependent shear
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TOUCH SCREEN WITH FEELINGS
Future Scope
Future work can be done to reduce the power consumption . Then only it canbe used in
mobile devices which works in mW power range. Tactile pattern displays having much
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REFERENCES
http://efymagonline.com
jan,01,2006
Display(26012/27004/27005/27025)”
http://www.wikepedia.org
http://touchmagixmedia.com
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