PHILIPPINE STATE COLLEGE OF AERONAUTICS

INSTITUTE OF LIBERAL ARTS AND SCIENCES

Learning Module 2: 19th Century Philippines as Rizal's context

LEARNING MODULE 2:
PRELIM
th
19 Century Philippines as
Rizal Context
LIFE & WORKS OF RIZAL

TABLE OF CONTENTS

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 TABLE OF REFERENCES

References
file:///C:/Users/Asus/Downloads/Spanish_colonialism_in_The_Philippines.pdf
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganito_Kami_Noon,_Paano_Kayo_Ngayon
www.YouTube.com
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1565%E2%80%931898
https://www.google.com/search?q=familiarize+the+event+during+the+spanish+colonization&o
q=&aqs=chrome.4.35i39l8.681063000j0j15&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

TIME FRAME:

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You should be able to complete this module including all the self-assessments, research works,
assignments, other residential writing task.

LEARNING OUTCOME
(CLO)
CLO3. Organize Rizal’s
ideas into various
themes
CLO4. Demonstrate a
critical reading of primary
sources
CLO5. Interpret the
values that can be
derived from studying
Rizal’s life and works
CLO6. Display an
appreciation for
education, Nationalism
and love of country
CLO7. Display a
professional commitment
to ethical practice on a
daily basis by being
responsible students
attending their classes
and submitting reports
on time.
LEARNING OUTCOME
(MLO)
MLO 2 . Familiarize the
event during the Spanish
colonization
MLO 4 Recognizing the
past by comparing the
future
LEARNING OUTCOME
(TLO)
TLO3 Appraise the link
between the individual and
society
TLO 4 Analyze the various
social, political, economic,
and cultural changes that
occurred in the nineteenth
century
TLO 5 Understand Jose Rizal
in the context of his times

This module is intended to focus on the study of the life and writings of Dr. Jose P. Rizal and its crucial
role behind the making of the Filipino nation. As mandated by Republic Act 1425, this module covers
the life and works of the country’s national hero this topic is the Rizal’s on the 19 th Century Philippines

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as Rizal Context, the brief summary of Spanish colonization of the Philippines as a background and the
nineteenth century as a century of change.

As an introductory activity, you are encouraged to watch a short video entitled “Ganito Kami
Noon, Paano Kayo Ngayon? (English: "This Is How We Were Before, How Are You Doing Now?"
by Eddie Romero

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganito_Kami_Noon,_Paano_Kayo_Ngayon

Overview
The inclusion of pre-recorded video/movie online as part of instruction of the life and works of Jose
Rizal is to have background on how people in the 19th century Philippines as Rizal context. Lets
watch and be attentive, a self-assessment will be given after the movie.

“Ganito Kami Noon, Paano Kayo Ngayon”? (English: "This Is How We Were Before, How Are You
Doing Now?") is a 1976 Filipino romantic musical drama film set in the era of Spanish colonization
in the Philippines. It was directed by Eddie Romero and starred Christopher De Leon and Gloria
Diaz.
The film was selected as the Philippine entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 49th
Academy Awards, but was not accepted as a nomine In 2013, ABS-CBN Film Archives in
partnership with Central Digital Lab digitally restored and re-mastered the film and was subsequently

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released in select theaters for a limited period of time. The digitally restored version was also
released on DVD and iTunes.[2]

The film is the first entry in Eddie Romero's epic historical trilogy, the other two being "Aguila" and
"Kamakalawa", respectively.

Activity:
Self - Assessment:
1. Online Make and submit reflection paper after watching the movie
2. Due today submission 2 hrs. after the movie at this email jamiesoriano016@gmail.com
3. Queries will be entertained after the online class in the designated GC.

DISCUSSION:
The 19th century saw large amounts of social change; slavery was abolished, and the First and
Second Industrial Revolutions (which also overlap with the 18th and 20th centuries, respectively) led
to massive urbanization and much higher levels of productivity, profit and prosperity.

Readings:

Spanish colonialism in The Philippines Portugese explorer Ferdinand Magellan successfully led the
European expedition to Philippines in the service of the King of Spain. On 31 March 1521 at
Limasawa Island, Southern Leyte, as stated in Pigafetta's Primo Viaggio Intorno El Mondo (First
Voyage Around the World), Magellan solemnly planted a cross on the summit of a hill overlooking
the sea and claimed for the king of Spain possession of the islands he had seen, naming them
Archipelago of Saint Lazarus. The invasion of Philippines by foreign powers however didn’t begin
in earnest until 1564. After Magellan's voyage, subsequent expeditions were dispatched to the
islands. Four expeditions were sent: Loaisa (1525), Cabot (1526), Saavedra (1527), Villalobos
(1542), and Legazpi (1564) by Spain. The Legazpi expedition was the most successful as it resulted
in the discovery of the tornaviaje or return trip to Mexico across the Pacific by Andrés de Urdaneta.
This discovery started the Manila galleon trade1 , which lasted two and a half centuries. In 1570,
Martín de Goiti having been dispatched by Legazpi to Luzon2 , conquered the Kingdom of Maynila
(now Manila). Legazpi then made Maynila the capital of the Philippines and simplified its spelling
to Manila. His expedition also renamed Luzon Nueva Castilla. Legazpi became the country's first
governor-general. The archipelago was Spain's outpost in the orient and Manila became the capital
of the entire Spanish East Indies. The colony was administered through the Viceroyalty of New
Spain (now Mexico) until 1821 when Mexico achieved independence from Spain. After 1821, the
colony was governed directly from Spain. Spain had three objectives in its policy toward the
Philippines, its only colony in Asia: to acquire a share in the spice trade, to develop contacts with
China and Japan in order to further Christian missionary efforts there, and to convert the Filipinos
to Christianity. Only the third objective was eventually realized, though not completely because of
the active resistance of both the Muslims in the south and the Igorot, the upland tribal peoples in the

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north. Philip II, king of Spain explicitly ordered that pacification of the Philippines be bloodless, to
avoid a repetition of 1 Galleon refers to Spanish ships which were used for warfare and later for
trade. 2 Luzon is the largest and most populous island of Philippines. Spain's sanguinary conquests
in the Americas. Occupation of the islands was accomplished with relatively little bloodshed, partly
because most of the population (except the Muslims) offered little armed resistance initially.
However there have been several incidents of atrocities committed by the Spanish authorities, one
of the most incredible acts of heinous torture took place in the Fortress of Sebastian Intra Mores in
Manila where there was a dungeon known as the Black Hole. The prison had only two small
apertures, one three feet square in the ceiling, the other a little gated hole in the floor through which
the sea could be seen washing underneath. The Spanish authorities used to confine state prisoners
in the hole to the brimful without food and water and just sufficient air to prevent them from dying
immediately. Physical torture was meted out to the unmanageable prisoners. During most of the
Spanish colonial period, the Philippine economy depended on the Galleon Trade which was
inaugurated in 1565 between Manila and Acapulco, Mexico. Trade between Spain and the
Philippines was via the Pacific Ocean to Mexico (Manila to Acapulco), and then across the
Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Ocean to Spain (Veracruz to Cádiz). Manila became the most important
center of trade in Asia between the 17th and 18th centuries. All sorts of products from China,
Japan, Brunei, the Moluccas and even India were sent to Manila to be sold for silver 8real coins3
which came aboard the galleons (Spanish ships) from Acapulco (city in Mexico). These goods,
including silk, porcelain, spices, lacquer ware and textile products were then sent to Acapulco and
from there to other parts of New Spain, Peru and Europe. The European population in the
archipelago steadily grew although natives remained the majority. They depended on the Galleon
Trade for a living. In the later years of the 18th century, GovernorGeneral Basco introduced
economic reforms that gave the colony its first significant internal source income from the
production of tobacco and other agricultural exports. In this later period, agriculture was finally
opened to the European population, which before was reserved only for the natives. During
Spain’s 333 year rule in the Philippines, the colonists had to fight off the Chinese pirates (who lay
siege to Manila, the most famous of which was Limahong in 1574), Dutch forces, Portuguese
forces, and indigenous revolts. Moros from western Mindanao and the Sulu Archipelago also raided
the coastal Christian areas of Luzon and the Visayas and occasionally 3 Silver 8-real coin was the
silver coin minted by the Spanish empire after 1598. captured men and women to be sold as slaves.
On April 25, 1898, the Spanish–American War began with declarations of war. On May 1, 1898,
the Spanish navy was decisively defeated in the Battle of Manila Bay by the Asiatic Squadron of
the U.S. Navy led by Commodore George Dewey aboard the USS Olympia. Thereafter Spain lost
the ability to defend Manila and therefore the Philippines. The Filipino movement against Spanish
authorities had both violent and non-violent proponents. Jose Rizal was the most prominent face of
the moderate opposition to the Spanish rule who advocated political reforms of The Philippines
under Spain. Jose Rizal was a man of incredible intellectual power, with amazing artistic talent as
well. He excelled at anything that he put his mind to - medicine, poetry, sketching, architecture,
sociology. In 1882, he traveled to Spain to complete his medical degree. While in Europe, José
Rizal became part of the Propaganda Movement, connecting with other Filipinos who wanted
reform. He also wrote his first novel, Noli Me Tangere (Touch Me Not/The Social Cancer), a work

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that detailed the dark aspects of Spain's colonial rule in the Philippines, with particular focus on the
role of Catholic friars. The book was banned in the
Philippines, though copies were smuggled in. Rizal returned to the Philippines in 1892. Although
the reform society he founded, the Liga Filipino (Philippine League), supported non-violent action,
Rizal was still exiled to Dapitan, on the island of Mindanao. In August 1896, Katipunan, a
nationalist Filipino society founded by Andres Bonifacio, revolted. Though Rizal had no ties to the
group, and disapproved of its violent methods, Rizal was arrested shortly thereafter. After a show
trial, Rizal was convicted of sedition and sentenced to death by firing squad. Rizal's public
execution was carried out in Manila on December 30, 1896, when he was 35 years old. His
execution created more opposition to Spanish rule. On May 19 1898, Filipino radical revolutionary
Emilio Aguinaldo returned to the Philippines from self exile in Hong Kong aboard an American
naval ship and on May 24 took command of Filipino forces. Filipino forces had liberated much of
the country from the Spanish. On June 12, 1898 Aguinaldo issued the Philippine Declaration of
Independence declaring independence from Spain and later established the First Philippine
Republic. Filipino forces then laid siege to Manila, as had American forces. The Americans entered
into a pact with the Spanish governorgeneral in which they agreed to fight a mock battle before
surrendering Manila to the Americans. The Battle of Manila took place on August 13 and
Americans took control of the city. In the Treaty of Paris (1898) ending the Spanish–American
War, the Spanish agreed to sell the Philippines to the United States for $20 million which was
subsequently narrowly ratified by the U.S. Senate. With this action, Spanish rule in the Philippines
formally ended. However the sovereignty status of The Philippines remained unchanged till 1946,
as the void left by Spain was immediately filled with the U.S.A. The Philippines was illegally
ceded to the United States at the Treaty of Paris for US$20 million, together with Cuba and Puerto
Rico. A Filipino-American War broke out as the United States attempted to establish control over
the islands. The war lasted for more than 10 years, resulting in the death of more than 600,000
Filipinos. The little-known war has been described by historians as the "first Vietnam", where US
troops first used tactics such as strategic helmeting and scorched-earth policy to "pacify" the
natives. The United States established an economic system giving the colonizers full rights to the
country's resources. The Spanish feudal system was not dismantled; in fact, through the system of
land registration that favored the upper Filipino classes, tenancy became more widespread during
the US occupation. Native elites, including physicians trained in the United States, were groomed
to manage the economic and political system of the country. The U.S. also introduced western
models of educational and health-care systems which reinforced elitism and a colonial mentality
that persists to this day, mixed with the Spanish feudal patron-client relationship. Eventually after
the second world war, where Filipino forced fought alongside U.S.A to thwart the Japanese force,
Philippine independence came on July 4, 1946, with the signing of the Treaty of Manila between
the governments of the United States and the Philippines. The treaty provided for the recognition of
the independence of the Republic of the Philippines and the relinquishment of American
sovereignty over the Philippine Islands.
file:///C:/Users/Asus/Downloads/Spanish_colonialism_in_The_Philippines.pdf

Additional information for discussion:

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Library of Congress > Researchers > Hispanic Reading Room > World of 1898

1898 HOME > Philippines > José Rizal

José Rizal
1861-1896
José Rizal, son of a Filipino father and a Chinese mother, came from a wealthy family.
Despite his family's wealth, they suffered discrimination because neither parent was
born in the peninsula. Rizal studied at the Ateneo, a private high school, and then to
the University of St. Thomas in Manila. He did his post graduate work at the
University of Madrid in 1882. For the next five years, he wandered through Europe
discussing politics wherever he went. In 1886, he studied medicine at the University
of Heidelberg and wrote his classic novel Noli me Tangere, which condemned the
Catholic Church in the Philippines for its promotion of Spanish colonialism.
Immediately upon its publication, he became a target for the police who even
shadowed him when he returned to the Philippines in 1887. He left his country shortly
thereafter to return to Spain where he wrote a second novel, El Filibusterismo (1891), Download
and many articles in his support of Filipino nationalism and his crusade to include an
representatives from his homeland in the Spanish Cortes. of this
image.
He returned to Manila in 1892 and created the La Liga Filipina, a political group that
called for peace change for the islands. Nevertheless, Spanish officials were
displeased and exiled Rizal to the island of Mindanao. During his four years there, he
practiced medicine, taught students, and collected local examples of flora and fauna while recording his discoveries.
Even though he lost touched with others who were working for Filipino independence, he quickly denounced the
movement when it became violent and revolutionary. After Andrés Bonifacio issued the Grito de Balintawak in
1896, Rizal was arrested, convicted of sedition, and executed by firing squad on December 30, 1896.
Following the revolution, Rizal was made a saint by many religious cults while the United States authorities seized
on his non-violent stance and emphasized his views on Filipino nationalism rather than those of the more action-
oriented Emilio Aguinaldo and Andrés Bonifacio.

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Learning Module 2: 19th Century Philippines as Rizal's context

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GROUP ADVENTURE: Form a group of Squad of 5
make a Skit of you from the past (Spanish Colonization)
and travel to the present Future. Using the vernacular
dialect.

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Best Skit will dodge the Prelim Mastery Test 80/80

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