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Shear Force Bending Moments
Shear Force Bending Moments
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Positive Sign Conventions: Shear and bending moment
diagrams depict the variation of
Tension axial force on the section
these quantities along the length
Shears that produces clockwise of the member.
moments
Proceeding from one end of the
Bending moments that produce member to the other, sections are
compression in the top fibers and passed. After each successive
tension in the bottom fibers of the change in loading along the
beam length of the member, a FBD
(Free Body Diagram) is drawn to
determine the equations express-
ing the shear and bending mo-
ment in terms of the distance from
a convenient origin.
Plotting these equations produces
5 the shear and bending moment 6
diagrams.
Zero Shear⇒
Maximum
Positive
Bending
Moment
2
Principle of Superposition
Example Problem
Shear and Moment Diagrams
9 10
11 12
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An accurate sketch must satisfy
the following rules:
• The curvature must be consis-
tent with the moment curve.
• The deflected shape must
satisfy the boundary
constraints.
• The original angle at a rigid
joint must be preserved.
• The length of the deformed
member is the same as the
original length of the unloaded
Point of Inflection member.
13 14
4
BC = zero member
bending
17 18
5
BB’ = CC’
= A’A from
Fig. (a) Note discontinuity in rotation
at C – internal hinge location
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BC
M BC
B MC The positive sign convention
consistent with beam theory is
TBBC TCBC shown in F.1(b). As seen from
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Example Frame Problem 2 Two-Dimensional Force
Transformations
Py
Px FT (a)
r
y
x Pt
Pn
θ
Calculate and draw the axial
FT (b)
force, shear force and bending
moment equations for the given
frame structure. 29 FT = Force Transformation 30
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Example Frame with Degree of Frame
Inclined Member Indeterminacy
I = (3m + R) - (3j + C)
= degree of static
indeterminacy
Redundants ≡ excess
35 members and reactions 36
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Alternative Approach This alternative approach pro-
vides the most convenient means
An alternative approach for for determining the degree of
determining the degree of static static indeterminacy of multistory
indeterminacy of a frame is to building frames:
cut enough members of the
frame by passing imaginary I = 3(Ng – Nf) – Nh – 2Nr – C
sections and/or to remove
enough supports to render the Ng ≡ Number of Girders in the
structure statically determinate. structure
The total number of internal and Nf ≡ Number of Free joints in the
external restraints thus removed structure
equals the degree of static
indeterminacy. Nh ≡ Number of Hinged supports
37
C ≡ Number of equations of 38
Condition in the structure
m = 4, R = 3
j = 4, C = 0
I=3
m = 6, R = 4
j = 6, C = 0
Cj = Nbj – 1
I=4
Nbj = Number of Beam (moment
resisting) members at joint j
39 I = (3m + R) – (3j + C) 40
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m = 10, R = 9
j = 9, C = 5
Ng = 4, Nf = 0
Nh = Nr = 0
I=7
Ng = 4, Nf = 0 Ng = 35, Nf = 0
Nh = Nr = 0 Nh = Nr = 0
C=0 C=0
I = 12 I = 105
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