FORMULAS:

In obtaining ultimate nominal strength of beam

wherein,
𝑻 = 𝑨𝒔 𝒇𝒚 𝑇 = tension force
𝑪 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇′𝒄 𝒂𝒃 or 𝑪 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟓𝒇′𝒄 𝑨𝒄 𝐴𝑠 = area of the steel
𝑓𝑦 = yield stress
𝑻=𝑪 𝐶 = compression force
𝒂 𝑓𝑐′ = compression strength
𝑴𝒏 = 𝑻 (𝒅 − ) or 𝑴𝒏 = 𝑻(𝒅 − 𝒚 ̅)
𝟐 𝑎 = depth to which 0.85𝑓𝑐′ is applied
̅ = 𝑨𝟏 𝒙𝟏 + 𝑨𝟐 𝒙𝟐 + ⋯
𝑨𝒄 𝒚 𝑏 = length of cross section
𝐴𝑐 = area of the concrete
𝒘 𝒏 𝑳𝟐
𝑴𝒏 = 𝑀𝑛 = nominal moment strength of beam
𝟖
𝑑 = effective depth
𝑦̅ = centroid to which 0.85𝑓𝑐′ is applied
𝑤𝑛 = nominal uniform load
𝐿 = length of beam

In obtaining the design moment capacity

𝑨𝒔
𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜, 𝝆 =
𝒃𝒅

𝟑√𝒇′𝒄 𝟐𝟎𝟎
𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜, 𝝆𝒎𝒊𝒏 = ≥ (English), choose whichever is bigger of the two values
𝒇𝒚 𝒇𝒚

𝟎.𝟐𝟓√𝒇′𝒄 𝟏.𝟒
𝝆𝒎𝒊𝒏 = ≥ (S.I.), choose whichever is bigger of the two values
𝒇𝒚 𝒇𝒚

If 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 is equal or less than 𝜌, section is 𝑶𝑲. Otherwise, not 𝑶𝑲.

𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜, 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 :

𝝆𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝒇𝒚 𝒅
use formula 𝒄𝒎𝒂𝒙 =
𝟎.𝟖𝟓𝜷𝟏 𝒇′𝒄

𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟑 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟖 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟑𝒅

= or 𝒄𝒎𝒂𝒙 = ; or
𝒄𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝒅 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟖

𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟑 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟓
=
𝒄𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝒅−𝒄𝒎𝒂𝒙

to determine 𝛽1

(ENGLISH)
 (S.I.)

If 𝜌𝑚𝑎𝑥 is equal or greater than 𝜌, section is 𝑶𝑲. Otherwise, not 𝑶𝑲 (meaning section will either be
transition or compression-controlled).

𝑨𝒔 𝒇𝒚
𝒂=
𝟎.𝟖𝟓𝒇′𝒄 𝒃

𝒂
𝒄=
𝜷𝟏

𝝐𝑻 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟑 𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟑(𝒅−𝒄)
= or 𝝐𝑻 =
𝒅−𝒄 𝒄 𝒄

𝒇𝒚
𝝐𝒚 = where 𝑬𝒔 = 𝟐𝟗, 𝟎𝟎𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝒔𝒊 = 𝟐𝟎𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝑴𝑷𝒂
𝑬𝒔

If 𝝐𝑻 is more than 0.005, the section is tension-controlled. Otherwise, it is compression-controlled or

transition. If 𝝐𝑻 > 𝝐𝒚 , the section is transition, it can either be used or not. If 𝝐𝑻 > 0.004, the section
can be used, otherwise it is compression-controlled and can’t be used.

If the section can be used, compute for the following:

𝒇𝒐𝒓 ∅
(ENGLISH)

(S.I.)

𝒂
𝒇𝒐𝒓 ∅𝑴𝒏 = ∅𝑨𝒔 𝒇𝒚 (𝒅 − )
𝟐