Pamel

aDi
aneE.Gagan
Mi
dwi
fer
yII
MODULE10
Ef
fect
sofCl
i
mat
eChangeonGl
obal
i
zat
ion
A.Ef
fect
soft
hef
oll
owi
ngenv
ironment
ali
mpact
son
gl
obal
izat
ion:
1.Changesi
nsoi
lmoi
stur
elev
els
-Reduct
ioni
nfunct
ionofl
ossofhabi
tat
scoul
dimpact
f
oodpr
oduct
ion,
wat
ersuppl
yandqual
i
ty,
anduseofl
and
f
ort
our
ism andl
eisur
e.
-Reducedsoi
lmoi
stur
eisal
sol
i
nkedt
oincr
easedr
iskof
wi
l
dfi
res,
andt
hev
ulner
abi
l
ityofspeci
est
opest
sand
di
sease.

2.Ext
remef
loodi
ngandcoast
li
nechanges
-Changesi
nseal
evel
canchangecoast
alhabi
tat
s
t
hrougher
osi
onorsedi
mentdeposi
ts,
prov
idi
ngbot
hri
sks
andnewoppor
tuni
ti
est
opl
antandani
mal
speci
es.
-Cl
i
mat
echangei
sexpect
edt
oleadt
oseal
evel
riseand
bot
hlossofhabi
tat
sandcr
eat
ionofnewonesal
ongt
he
coast
li
nes.
3.I
ncr
easedr
iskf
rom pest
s,di
seaseandi
nvasi
ve
non-
nat
ivespeci
es
-Manyspeci
esar
ecl
i
mat
esensi
ti
ve,
andal
sobecause
gener
all
ywar
merwi
nter
spr
ovi
deamor
econduci
ve
env
ironmentf
ornon-
nat
ivespeci
esandpat
hogens.
-Ther
iskal
soappl
i
est
obr
oaderbi
odi
ver
sit
y.
-I
tisal
sopossi
blet
hatachangi
ngcl
i
mat
emayf
avour
non-
nat
ivespeci
est
othedet
ri
mentofnat
iveones.

4.Speci
esunabl
etot
rackchangi
ngcl
imat
espace
-Changi
ngcl
i
mat
eisl
i
kel
ytoshi
ftt
hei
rpr
efer
redhabi
tat
ei
thergeogr
aphi
cal
l
yori
nter
msofsi
ze.
-Somespeci
esmaynotbeabl
etof
indanav
ail
abl
eand
sui
tabl
enewhabi
tat
,leav
ingt
hem v
ulner
abl
etoex
tinct
ion.

5.Changesi
nsoi
lor
gani
ccar
bon
-Al
lcomponent
sofsoi
lar
econsi
der
edt
obeatr
iskf
rom
cl
i
mat
echange,
reduci
ngt
heabi
l
ityoft
heecosy
stem t
o
f
unct
ion.
-Whi
l
ecl
i
mat
echangemayl
eadt
oincr
easedat
mospher
ic
car
bondi
oxi
dewhi
chcoul
dpot
ent
ial
l
yincr
easepl
ant
pr
oduct
ivi
ty,
temper
atur
eincr
easesar
eli
kel
ytoi
ncr
ease
bi
omassdecomposi
ti
on(
reduci
ngsoi
lor
gani
ccar
bon)
andt
hecombi
nat
ionofdr
iersummer
sandwet
terwi
nter
s
t
oincr
easesoi
ler
osi
on.

6.Changesi
nspeci
esmi
grat
ionpat
ter
ns
-Changi
ngcl
i
mat
escant
her
efor
eimpactmi
grat
ion
pat
ter
ns.Thi
smaypr
esentbot
hri
sksandoppor
tuni
ti
est
o
mi
grat
oryspeci
es.

7.I
ncr
easedwat
ert
emper
atur
e
-Thest
rat
if
icat
ionofwat
erbodi
escanal
sobei
mpact
ed
bycl
i
mat
echance,
aff
ect
ingt
hesuppl
yofoxy
genand
nut
ri
ent
swhi
chi
ntur
naf
fect
sfi
shgr
owt
handv
iabi
l
ity
.

8.I
mpact
sonwat
erqual
it
y
-Cl
i
mat
echangemayl
eadt
oachangei
nrai
nfal
lpat
ter
ns,
andi
ndi
rect
lyi
mpactt
heuseoff
ert
il
iser
sinagr
icul
tur
e.

9.I
ncr
easedr
iskofwi
l
dfi
res
-Thi
scanr
esul
tinhabi
tatdest
ruct
ionandspeci
es
ext
inct
ion,
aswel
lasi
ncr
easedsoi
ler
osi
onandwat
er
pol
l
uti
on.
10.Reducedwat
erquant
it
y
-I
ncr
easei
ndemandf
oragr
icul
tur
ali
rr
igat
ionwi
l
lhav
ean
i
mpactont
heabi
l
ityofaquat
icecosy
stemst
omai
ntai
n
andr
epl
eni
sh.
-I
tisknownt
hatl
owwat
erf
lowscanl
eadt
oincr
easesi
n
pol
l
uti
onandnut
ri
entconcent
rat
ions.
-Thi
scanaf
fectbot
hwi
l
dli
feanddr
inki
ngwat
er.
-Thei
nev
itabl
eimpactofcl
i
mat
echangeonmost
ecosy
stemsi
sexacer
bat
edbyhuman-
dri
venf
act
orssuch
asl
andusechange,
pol
l
uti
onandev
engl
obal
i
zat
ion.

B.Ef
fect
sofCl
imat
eChangeont
hef
oll
owi
ng
soci
oeconomi
csect
orsongl
obal
i
zat
ion:
1.Agr
icul
tur
eandFi
sher
y
-Ex
tremer
ainf
all
event
shav
ecausedhi
stor
icf
loodi
ng
deci
mat
ingcr
opsandl
i
vest
ockoff
armer
sandt
hiscoul
d
i
mpactf
oodsuppl
y.
-Asar
esul
tofcl
i
mat
echangei
mpact
s,i
tispr
oject
edt
hat
cur
renty
iel
dofbasi
ccr
opsl
i
ker
iceandcor
nwoul
dshoot
up.
-Asar
esul
tofcl
i
mat
echangei
mpact
s,i
tispr
oject
edt
hat
cur
renty
iel
dofbasi
ccr
opsl
i
ker
iceandcor
nwoul
dshoot
up.
-I
ncr
easedheatanddr
oughtwi
l
lli
kel
yreducecr
opy
iel
ds.
-Manycommodi
tycr
opssuchascor
n,soy
bean,
wheat
,
r
ice,
andsomeot
her
sdonotgr
owwel
labov
ecer
tai
n
t
emper
atur
ethr
eshol
ds.
-I
naddi
ti
on,
cropswi
l
lbeaf
fect
edbyl
essav
ail
abi
l
ityof
wat
erandgr
oundwat
er,
incr
easedpest
sandweeds,
and
f
ir
eri
sk.
-Thei
ncr
easedf
requencyofst
ormswi
l
lhav
e
consequencesf
orf
ishi
ngt
ri
ps,
secur
it
y,andmayent
ail
r
isksf
ort
hedest
ruct
ionoff
ishi
ngboat
sandf
loodi
ngof
f
isher
men’
svi
l
lages.

2.I
nfr
ast
ruct
ure
-Ri
skf
rom f
loodi
ng.
-Seal
evel
risecoul
dpot
ent
ial
l
ycauseal
ossofv
alueof
asset
stheendoft
hecent
ury
.
-Damaget
ohousi
ng,
damaget
oai
rpor
tsont
hecoast
s,
damaget
opi
ers,
andot
heri
nfr
ast
ruct
urewhi
char
eal
ong
t
hecoast
.
3.HumanHeal
th
-Cl
i
mat
echangeswi
l
laf
fecthumanheal
thbot
hdi
rect
ly
andi
ndi
rect
ly,
incl
udi
ngt
hroughheatst
ress,
thei
nci
dence
ofi
l
lnessessuchasmal
ari
aormeni
ngi
ti
s,t
hegeogr
aphi
c
orseasonal
expansi
onofanumberofbact
eri
um,
consequencesf
rom hungerandmal
nut
ri
ti
onaswel
las
i
l
lnessescausedbyuncl
eanwat
er.
-Thedev
elopmentoft
oxi
cal
gaewi
l
limpactt
heheal
thof
ecosy
stems,
wit
hconsequencesoncoast
alpr
oduct
ivi
ty,
nur
ser
yar
eas,
biodi
ver
sit
yandhumanheal
tht
hrought
he
consumpt
ionofcont
ami
nat
edseaf
ood.

4.Tour
ism
-Tour
ism wi
l
lbedi
rect
lyaf
fect
edbyt
heev
olut
ionof
cl
i
mat
econdi
ti
ons(
temper
atur
es,
rai
nfal
l
s,st
rengt
hoft
he
wi
nd)
,aquat
icpar
amet
ers(
sur
facet
emper
atur
es,
inv
asi
ve
speci
es,
incl
udi
ngal
gaeandj
ell
yfi
shes)orcoast
alr
isks
(
erosi
onandf
loods)
.
-Av
ail
abl
ebeachar
easwi
l
lber
educedasar
esul
tof
er
osi
onandsea-
lev
elr
ise,
ther
ebycausi
ngsi
gni
fi
cant
damagest
othef
ishi
ngi
ndust
ryandf
isher
y-dependent
l
ocal
economi
es.
-I
naddi
ti
on,
aswat
ert
emper
atur
esi
ncr
ease,
wat
erqual
i
ty
coul
dsuf
ferduet
omor
efr
equentandmor
eint
enseal
gae
bl
ooms,
whi
chcanbet
oxi
c,t
huscur
tai
l
ingr
ecr
eat
ional
wat
eract
ivi
ti
esandf
reshwat
erf
ishi
ng.

5.Busi
nessesandt
hrFi
nanci
alMar
ket
-Thef
requencyandi
ntensi
tyofext
remeweat
heri
nmany
count
ri
escandamagef
act
ori
es,
suppl
ychai
noper
ati
ons
andot
heri
nfr
ast
ruct
ure,
anddi
sruptt
ranspor
t.
-Dr
oughtwi
l
lmakewat
ermor
eexpensi
ve,
whi
chwi
l
lli
kel
y
af
fectt
hecostofr
awmat
eri
alsandpr
oduct
ion.
-Cl
i
mat
evol
ati
l
itymayf
orcecompani
est
odeal
wit
h
uncer
tai
ntyi
nthepr
iceofr
esour
cesf
orpr
oduct
ion,
ener
gy
t
ranspor
tandi
nsur
ance.
-Somepr
oduct
scoul
dbecomeobsol
eteorl
oset
hei
r
mar
ket
,suchasequi
pmentr
elat
edt
ocoal
mini
ngorski
i
ng
i
nanar
eat
hatnol
ongerhassnow.
Per
sonalExper
ienceonEnv
ironment
alDegr
adat
ionand
Gl
obal
izat
ion

1.FOODSECURI
TY
Thenumberofhungr
ypeopl
einourbar
angayor
ar
oundt
hewor
ldhasi
ncr
easedi
nthepasty
ear
.Onei
n
ni
nepeopl
eint
hewor
ldgoeshungr
yev
erydayandsuf
fer
s
f
rom nut
ri
ti
onal
def
ici
enci
esasar
esul
t.

I
nrecenty
ear
s,f
oodsecur
it
yhasbecomet
he
bi
ggestt
hreatt
otheov
eral
lheal
thoft
hehuman
popul
ati
on,
mor
esot
hanmal
ari
a,t
uber
cul
osi
sorHI
V.And,
2020sawt
hewor
stgl
obal
foodi
nsecur
it
yincr
easeasa
r
esul
toft
heCOVI
D-19pandemi
c,af
fect
ingv
ulner
abl
e
househol
dsal
mostev
ery
wher
e.

2.GLOBALCHI
LDHEALTHANDPRI
MARYEDUCATI
ON
Accesst
oeducat
ioni
sagl
obal
issue.Chi
l
drenar
e
keyt
ooursuccess,
yetmanychi
l
dreni
nourbar
angaydo
nothav
esomeoft
hei
rmostbasi
cneedsmet
.Rat
esof
under
-f
ivechi
l
dmor
tal
i
tyr
emai
nhi
gh.
 Chi
l
dheal
thandeducat
iongohandi
nhand.
Mal
nut
ri
ti
onofchi
l
drenl
eadst
oper
manentphy
siol
ogi
cal
damage,
knowncol
l
oqui
all
yas“
stunt
ing”
.Chi
l
drenwho
ar
ehungr
ycannotconcent
rat
eand,
thus,
cannotl
ear
n.

Ev
enwhenchi
l
drenar
eat
tendi
ngonl
i
ne/
modul
ar
school
,thequal
i
tyoft
hei
reducat
ionmi
ghtbepoor
,or
educat
ional
capaci
tyandr
esour
cesmaybel
i
mit
ed.Thi
s
meanst
hatt
heymi
ghtl
eav
eonl
i
ne/
modul
arschool
wi
thoutt
henecessar
ynumer
acyorl
i
ter
acyski
l
lsr
equi
red.

3.Wat
erScar
cit
y
Aswi
thf
ood,
ther
eisact
ual
l
yenoughf
reshwat
erf
or
eachper
soncur
rent
lyl
i
vingont
hepl
anet
.Howev
er,
accesst
othatwat
eri
snotal
way
spossi
blef
orev
ery
one.

I
ssuessuchaspoori
nfr
ast
ruct
ure,
displ
acement
,and
conf
li
ctmeant
hatmanypeopl
eof
tenhav
etouseunsaf
e
wat
ersour
ces.Thi
sisacl
earheal
thandsani
tat
ionr
isk.

Aboutt
wobi
l
li
onpeopl
est
il
luseasour
cet
hati
s
cont
ami
nat
edwi
thhumanwast
e,andaboutt
hesame
amountdon’
thav
eaccesst
oadequat
etoi
l
etf
aci
l
iti
es.