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a−b b −c c −a 0 b−c c−a

1. (b) x −y y −z z −x = 0 y −z z −x =0
p −q q −r r− p 0 q −r r− p
[by C1 → C1 + C 2 + C 3 ]

1 a a 2 − bc 0 a − b (a − b) (a + b + c)
2. (a) 1 b b 2 − ac = 0 b − c (b − c) (a + b + c)
1 c c 2 − ab 1 c c 2 − ab

 R1 → R1 − R 2
by 
R2 → R2 − R3
0 1 a+b+c
= (a − b)(b − c) 0 1 a + b + c = 0 , { R1  R 2 } .
1 c c 2 − ab

1 1 1 0 0 1
3. (d) 1 1+ x 1 = −x x 1 = xy ,
1 1 1+y 0 −y 1+y
 C1 → C1 − C 2 
  .
 C2 → C2 − C3 

1 a a2 0 a − b a2 − b 2
R1 → R1 − R 2
4. (c) 1 b b = 0 b − c b 2 − c 2 , by
2
R 2 → R 2 − R3
1 c c2 1 c c2

0 1 a+b
= (a − b ) (b − c ) 0 1 b+c
1 c c2
0 0 a−c
= (a − b) (b − c) 0 1 b + c , by R 1 → R 1 − R 2
1 c c2
0 0 1
= (a − b)(b − c)(a − c) 0 1 b + c
1 c c2
= (a − b)(b − c)(a − c). (−1) = (a − b)(b − c)(c − a) .

1 4 20
5. (b) 1 −2 5 =0
1 2x 5 x 2
0 6 15
 R1 → R1 − R 2 
 0 − 2 − 2x 5(1 − x 2 ) = 0  
1 2x 5x2  R 2 → R 2 − R3 

0 1 1
 3 . 2 . 5 . 0 − (1 + x ) 1 − x2 = 0
1 x x2

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0 1 1
 (1 + x ) 0 − 1 1 − x = 0
1 x x2
 x + 1 = 0 or x − 2 = 0  x = −1, 2 .
Trick: Obviously by inspection, x = −1, 2 satisfy the equation.
1 4 20
At x = −1, 1 − 2 5 = 0 as R 2  R 3
1 −2 5
1 4 20
At x = 2 , 1 − 2 5 = 0 as R1  R 3 .
1 4 20

a + b a + 2b a + 3 b a + b a + 2b a + 3 b
6. (d) a + 2b a + 3 b a + 4 b = b b b =0
a + 4 b a + 5b a + 6b 2b 2b 2b
 R 2 → R 2 − R1 
by 
 R3 → R3 − R 2 
2 3 4
Trick: Putting a = 1 = b . The determinant will be 3 4 5 = 0 . Obviously answer is (d)
5 6 7
Note : Students remember while taking the values of a, b, c,....... that for there values, the options (a), (b), (c)
and (d) should not be identical.

b+c a a 0 − 2 c − 2b
7. (d) b c+a b = b c+a b
c c a+b c c a+b
{by R1 → R1 − (R 2 + R 3 )}
= 2c.b(a + b − c) − 2b.c(b − c − a) = 4 abc .

1+ x 1 1
8. (b) 1 1+ x 1 =0
1 1 1+ x
3+x 0 1
 C1 → C1 + C 2 + C 3 
 3+x x 1 =0,  
3+x −x 1+ x  C2 → C2 − C3 

1 0 1
 ( x + 3) 1 x 1 =0
1 −x 1+ x
1 0 1
 R 2 → R 2 − R1 
 ( x + 3) 0 x 0 =0 ,  
0 −x x  R 3 → R 3 − R1 

 (x + 3)x 2 = 0  x = 0, 0, − 3 .
Trick : Obviously the equation is of degree three, therefore it must have three solutions. So check for option
(b).

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1 1 1
9. (c)  = a b c vanishes when a = b, b = c, c = a . Hence (a − b), (b − c), (c − a) are factors of  . Since  is
a3 b3 c3
symmetric in a, b, c and of 4th degree, (a + b + c) is also a factor, so that we can write
 = k (a − b) (b − c) (c − a)(a + b + c) ......(i)
Where by comparing the coefficients of the leading term bc 3 on both the sides of identity (i). We get
1 = k (−1) (−1)  k = 1
  = (a − b) (b − c)(c − a)(a + b + c) .
1 1 1
Trick : Put a = 1, b = 2, c = 3 , so that determinant 1 2 3 = 1(30 ) − 1(24 ) + 1(8 − 2) = 12 which is given by
1 8 27
(c). i.e. (1 + 2 + 3) (1 − 2) (2 − 3)(3 − 1) = 12 .

x +1  2
10. (d) =  x +2 1
2 1 x +

x +1 + +2  2
= x +1 + +2 x +2 1 , (C1 → C1 + C 2 + C 3 )
x +1 + +2 1 x +

1  2
= x 1 x +2 1 ( 1 +  +  2 = 0)
1 1 x +

= x [1{( x +  2 ) (x +  ) − 1} + {1 − (x +  )} +  2 {1 − (x +  2 )}]

= x (x 2 + x +  2 x +  3 − 1 +  − x −  2 +  2 −  2 x −  4 )
= x3 , (  3 = 1) .

y+z x y 2 1 1
11. (b) z+x z x = (x + y + z ) z + x z x
x+y y z x+y y z
by R1 → R1 + R 2 + R 3
1 1 1
= (x + y + z ) x z x ; by C 1 → C 1 − C 2
x y z
= (x + y + z ) . {(z 2 − xy ) − (xz − x 2 ) + (xy − xz )}
= (x + y + z ) (x − z ) 2  k = 1 .
Trick : Put x = 1, y = 2 , z = 3 , then
5 1 2
4 3 1 = 5(7) − 1(12 − 3) + 2(8 − 9)
3 2 3
= 35 − 9 − 2 = 24 & (x + y + z ) (x − z ) 2 = (6) (−2) 2 = 24
24
k = =1.
24

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12. Since it is an identity in  so satisfied by every value of  . Now put  = 0 in the given equation, we have
0 −1 3
t= 1 2 − 4 = −12 + 30 = 18 .
−3 4 0

x 2y z x y z
13. Let 1 = 2 p 4 q 2r = 4 p q r = 4  .
a 2b c a b c
(Taking common '2' from IInd row and '2' from IInd column).

log 3 512 log 4 3 log 2 3 log 8 3

14. (b) 
log 3 8 log 4 9 log 3 4 log 3 4
 log 512 log 9 log 3 log 8 
=   −  
 log 3 log 4 log 4 log 3 
 log 3 log 4 log 3 log 4 
×   −  
 log 2 log 3 log 8 log 3 
 log 2 9 log 3 2 log 2 3   log 2 2 log 2 2 
=   2
−  ×
  log 2 − log 2 3


 log 3 log 2 log 2 2   
 9  2 3  2  15 4
=  − 2 −  =  = 10 .
 2 2  3 2 3

−2 3 −1 −2
15. (b) Minor of – 4 = = −42 , 9 = = −3
8 9 −4 −5
and cofactor of – 4 = (−1)2 +1 (−42) = 42 ,
cofactor of 9= (−1)3 + 3 (−3) = −3 .

16. (d) The given system of homogeneous equations has a non-zero solution if,  = 0
1 1 −1
i.e., 3 −  − 3 = −2 − 6 = 0 ,i.e. if  = −3 .
1 −3 1
1 4 −1
17. (b) The given system of homogeneous equations has  = 3 − 4 − 1 = 1(−4 − 3) − 4 (3 + 1) − 1(−9 + 4 )
1 −3 1
= −7 − 16 + 5  0 .
There exists only one trivial solution.

dn dn dn
xn sin x cos x
dx n dx n dx n
d n
 n   n 
18. (b) [(x )] = n! sin  cos  
dx n  2   2 
2 3
a a a

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 n   n 
n! sin x +  cos  x + 
 2   2 
 n   n 
= n! sin  cos  
 2   2 
a a2 a3

 n   n 
n ! sin  0 +  cos  0 + 
 2   2 
 n   n 
 [n (x )]x = 0 = n! sin   cos   =0
 2   2 
a a2 a3

{Since R1  R 2 }.

1 −1 1
19. (c) D = 3 − 1 2 = 1[−1 − 2] − 1[6 − 3] + 1[3 + 3] = 0
3 1 1
2 −1 1
and D1 = − 6 − 1 2 = 2(−1 − 2) − 1(−36 + 6) + 1(−6 − 18 )
− 18 1 1
= −6 + 30 − 24 = 0
Also, D 2 = 0; D3 = 0
So the system is consistent (D = D1 = D 2 = D3 = 0)
i.e. system has infinite solution.

20. (b) For infinitely many solutions, the two equations must be identical
k +1 8 4k
 = =
k k + 3 3k − 1
 (k + 1)(k + 3) = 8 k and 8 (3k − 1) = 4 k (k + 3)
 k 2 − 4 k + 3 = 0 and k 2 − 3k + 2 = 0 .
k2 k 1
By cross multiplication, = =
−8 +9 3−2 −3+4
k 2 = 1 and k = 1 ;  k = 1 .

21. (b) a + b − 2c = 0
2a − 3b + c = 0
a − 5b + 4 c = 
1 1 −2
System is consistent, if D = 2 − 3 1 =0
1 −5 4
0 1 −2
and D1 = 0 − 3 1 = 0 and D 2 also zero.
 −5 4
Hence, value of  is zero.
22. (a) Here | A |  0 . Hence unique solution.

x2 y2 z2
23. (b) Let 2
= X, 2
= Y and = Z , then the given system of equations is X + Y − Z = 1, X − Y + Z = 1 ,
a b c2
−X + Y + Z = 1 .

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1 1 − 1
 
The coefficient matrix is A =  1 − 1 1 
− 1 1 1 
Clearly | A |  0 . So the given system of equations has unique solution.

24. (d) M 2 − M − I 2 = 0
1 2  1 2    2   1 0 
  − − =O
 2 3   2 3   2 3   0 1 
5 8    2   1 0 
 − − =O
8 13   2 3   0 1 
 5 − 8 − 2   1 0 
 = 
8 − 2 13 − 3   0 1 
 5 −  = 1, 8 − 2 = 0, 13 − 3  = 1
  = 4 , which satisfies all the three equations.

cos  − sin   cos  − sin  

25. (c) Clearly, AB =   
 sin  cos    sin  cos  
cos( +  ) − sin( +  )
=  = BA (verify).
 sin( +  ) cos( +  ) 

1 0 1 
 
26. (c)  = 0 1 1  = −1  0 , hence matrix is non-singular.
1 0 0 

1 0 0  1 0 0  1 0 0 
    
27. (a) A 2 = A. A = 0 1 0  0 1 0  = 0 1 0  = I
a b − 1 a b − 1 0 0 1 

1 1  1 1  1 2 
28. (a) A2 =   = ,
0 1  0 1  0 1 
1 2   1 1   1 3 
and A 3 = A 2 . A =   = 
0 1   0 1   0 1 
 1 n − 1   1 1  1 n 
 A n = A n −1 . A =   = .
0 1  0 1  0 1 

29. We have ( A + B)( A − B) = A 2 − AB + BA − B 2

Option (a) is not true.

30. AB = O  | AB | = 0
 | A | .| B | = 0  | A | = 0 or | B | = 0
When AB = O, neither A nor B may be O.
1 0  0 0  0 0 
For example if A =   and B =   , then AB =  .
0 0  1 0  0 0 

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2  − 4
 
31. (a) The given matrix A = − 1 3 4  is non singular, if | A |  0
 1 − 2 − 3 
2  −4 1 +3 0
| A| = −1 3 4 = −1 3 4 , [R1 → R2 + R1 ]
1 −2 −3 1 −2 −3

1 +3 0
 R 2 → R 2 + R3 
= 0 1 1  
0 − −5 −3  R3 → R3 − R1 

= 1 (−3 +  + 5 )  0
  + 2  0    −2 .
1 −1  a 1 
32. (b) Given, A =  , B =  
 2 − 1  b − 1
1 + a 0 
 A+B = 
2 + b − 2
1 −1  1 −1  −1 0 
A2 =    = 
 2 − 1  2 − 1  0 − 1
a 1  a 1  a 2 + b a − 1 
B2 =    = 
b − 1 b − 1 ab − b b + 1
a 2 + b − 1 a − 1
A2 + B2 =  
 ab − b b 
1 + a 0  1 + a 0 
Also, ( A + B)2 =   
2 + b − 2 2 + b − 2
 (1 + a)2 0
( A + B)2 =  
(2 + b)(1 + a) − 2(2 + b) 4 
 ( A + B)2 = A 2 + B 2
 (1 + a)2 0  a 2 + b − 1 a − 1
  = 
 (2 + b)(a − 1) 4   ab − b b 
By equating, a − 1 = 0  a = 1 and b = 4.

33. (d) UV = [4 ] and XY = [16 ];  UV + XY = [20 ] .

 0 i 1 0 
34. (b) A= A =
2
=I
 − i 0  0 1 
1 0 
 ( A 2 )20 = A 40 = (I)20 =  .
0 1 

2 1 
1 − 2 1   
35. (b) AB =   3 2 
 2 1 3  1 1 
 
−3 −2   −3 10 
AB =    ( AB ) = 
T
.
10 7  − 2 7 

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 3 − 2 − 1
 
36. (c) Let A = − 4 1 − 1 ,
 2 0 1 
3 − 2 −1
then | A | = − 4 1 −1 = 1
2 0 1
The matrix of cofactors of A
 c11 c12 c13  1 2 − 2 
   
= c 21 c 22 c 23  =  2 5 − 4 
c31 c32 c33  3 7 − 5 
1 2 3 
 
Therefore, adj(A) =  2 5 7 
− 2 − 4 − 5 
1 2 3 
−1 1  
 A = . adjA =  2 5 7  , ( | A | = 1 ).
| A|
− 2 − 4 − 5 

37. (d) ( AB )−1 = B −1 A −1 .

− 4 − 3 − 3
 
38. (a) The cofactors of N =  1 0 1  are c11 = −4 , c12 = 1, c13 = 4 ; c 21 = −3, c 22 = 0, c 23 = 4
 4 4 3 
c31 = −3, c32 = 1, c33 = 3
− 4 − 3 − 3
 
 adj N =  1 0 1 =N.
 4 4 3 

39. (b) It is obvious.

i 0  i / 2 0  1
40. (b) For A =   , adj ( A) =   and | A | = − .
 0 i / 2   0 i  2
1 1 i / 2 0  −i 0 
 A −1 = (adj A) =  = .
 −1 / 2  0 i   0 − 2i

41. (c) A(adj A) = A. A −1 | A | =| A | I .

42. (d) Since ( A + A) = A + A = A + A , so it is symmetric.

( AA) = ( A) A = AA , so it is symmetric.
( AA) = A( A) = AA , so it is symmetric.
But ( A − A) = A − A  A − A . Hence it is not symmetric.

43. (a) 3 A 3 + 2 A 2 + 5 A + I = 0  I = −3 A 3 − 2 A 2 − 5 A
 IA −1 = −3 A 2 − 2 A − 5 I  A −1 = −(3 A 2 + 2 A + 5 I)

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1 0 0  6 0 0 
  −1 1  
44. (c) Given A = 0 1 1 , A = 0 4 − 1
6
0 − 2 4  0 2 1 

 1 0 0   1 0 0  1 0 0
    
A =  0 1 1   0 1 1  = 0 − 1 5 
2

0 − 2 4  0 − 2 4  0 − 10 14 

c 0 0 d 0 0 
   
cA = 0 c c  ; dI = 0 d 0 
0 − 2 c 4 c  0 0 d 

1 2
 By A −1 = [ A + cA + dI]
6
 6 = 1 + c + d ,(By equality of matrices)
 (–6,11) satisfy the relation.

45. (a) If Q = PAP T

P T Q = AP T , (as PP T = I)
P T Q 2005 P = AP T Q 2004 P
= A 2 P T Q 2003 P = A 3 P T Q 2002 P = A 2004 P T (QP )
= A 2004 P T (PA) (Q = PAP T  QP = PA) = A 2005
1 2005 
 A 2005 =  .
0 1 

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