7/18/2021

Assiut University
College of Engineering
Civil Engineering Department

Course title:

CE 221
THEORY OF STRUCTURES 1-A

Ch. 1: Straining Actions

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Lecturers:
Dr. Mahmoud H. Mansour
Prof. Aly Gamal A. AbdelShafy Prof. Shehata E Abdel Raheem

Internal Straining Actions

Prof. Shehata E Abdel Raheem
The force intensity at any point is call STRESS (Structural mechanics),
Pressure in Physics, it has the unit of force per unit area t/cm2
A section is generally subjected to a general force that could be resolved
into two components: axial eccentric force (Normal force; N) and
Dr. Mahmoud H Mansour

tangential eccentric force (Shear force; Q) relative to the centroid and

the principal axis.
CE 221 Theory of Structures 1-A

Prof. Aly Gamal A AbdelShafy

Theory of Structures 2-A 1st Semester Fall 2020 1

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Internal Straining Actions

Prof. Shehata E Abdel Raheem

The axial eccentric force; N is equivalent to centric normal force; N and
two bending moments; (Mx, My) about the principal axis: Normal
Straining Actions that produce normal stress “perpendicular to the
section”

Dr. Mahmoud H Mansour

The tangential eccentric force; Q is equivalent to Two principal shear
forces; (Qx, Qy) and twisting moment; (Mz) about the longitudinal axis:

CE 221 Theory of Structures 1-A

Shear Straining Actions that produce shear stress “in the plane of the
section”

Prof. Aly Gamal A AbdelShafy

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Internal Straining Actions

Prof. Shehata E Abdel Raheem
Normal straining actions
- N
- MX = N. ey 
Dr. Mahmoud H Mansour

- MY = N. ex 
CE 221 Theory of Structures 1-A

Prof. Aly Gamal A AbdelShafy

Shear straining actions

- QX
- QY
- Mz 4

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Normal Stress & Shear Stress

Prof. Shehata E Abdel Raheem

• Normal straining actions >>> Normal Stress

Dr. Mahmoud H Mansour

𝝈=
𝑨

CE 221 Theory of Structures 1-A

Prof. Aly Gamal A AbdelShafy

• Shear straining actions >>> Shear Stress

𝑸
𝝉= 5
𝑨

Stress on an oblique plane under axial loading

Prof. Shehata E Abdel Raheem
Dr. Mahmoud H Mansour
CE 221 Theory of Structures 1-A

Prof. Aly Gamal A AbdelShafy

Theory of Structures 2-A 1st Semester Fall 2020 3

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Solved Examples: Problem-1

Prof. Shehata E Abdel Raheem

pier = 2.5 t/m3 >>> Weight of the pier = 20*5*2.5 = 250 t

Normal straining action

N = -250 - 80 - 60 = - 390 t (Comp.)

Dr. Mahmoud H Mansour

Mx = 250*0 + 80*0- 60*0 - (5 + 9)*5 = - 70 m.t

CE 221 Theory of Structures 1-A

My =250*0 + 80*3 - 60*3 - 20*1.5 = +30 m.t

Prof. Aly Gamal A AbdelShafy

Shear straining action
Qx = 20 = 20 t 

Qy = + 5 + 9 = 14 t 

Mz = 9*3 –5*3 = 12 m.t 

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Solved Examples: Problem-2

X-direction Prof. Shehata E Abdel Raheem

• Applied load in x-axis direction:

qx = 2*cos 60 = 1 t/m 
• The maximum shear force occurs
just right to support
Dr. Mahmoud H Mansour

Qx = 1*6/2 = 3 t 
• The maximum bending moment
CE 221 Theory of Structures 1-A

occurs at the middle

Prof. Aly Gamal A AbdelShafy

My = 1*6 2/8 = 4.5 t.m

y-direction
• Applied load in y-axis direction:
qy = 2*sin 60 = 1.732 t/m 
• The maximum shear force
occurs just right to support
Qy = 1.732*6/2 = 5.196 t
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• The maximum bending moment
occurs at the middle
Mx = 1.732*6 2/8 = 7.794 t.m

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Theory of Structures 2-A

Problem to be Solved

1st Semester Fall 2020

Solved Examples: Problem-3

Determine the straining actions at the given sections

CE 221 Theory of Structures 1-A CE 221 Theory of Structures 1-A
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Dr. Mahmoud H Mansour Dr. Mahmoud H Mansour

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Prof. Aly Gamal A AbdelShafy Prof. Shehata E Abdel Raheem Prof. Aly Gamal A AbdelShafy Prof. Shehata E Abdel Raheem

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Problem to be Solved

Prof. Shehata E Abdel Raheem

Determine the straining actions at the given sections

Dr. Mahmoud H Mansour

CE 221 Theory of Structures 1-A

Prof. Aly Gamal A AbdelShafy

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Problem to be Solved
Determine the straining actions at the given sections, Specific density = 2.0 t/m3 Prof. Shehata E Abdel Raheem

30 t 30 t
Dr. Mahmoud H Mansour

and and
50 t 50 t
10 t and 10 t 8t
CE 221 Theory of Structures 1-A

3.0
Prof. Aly Gamal A AbdelShafy

Elevation

3.0

A A
B B
0.5

0.5 50 t 50 t
10 t
0.4

1.2
Plan
0.4 10 t 12
0.5 30 t 30 t

8t
0.5 1.2 2.0 0.5
0.4 0.4

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Theory of Structures 2-A 1st Semester Fall 2020 6