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Science 8 - Q4 - Week 1 - Lesson 1
Science 8 - Q4 - Week 1 - Lesson 1
Science 8 - Q4 - Week 1 - Lesson 1
DEVELOPMENT TEAM
MANAGEMENT TEAM
Zenia G. Mostoles EdD, CESO V, Schools Division Superintendent
Celia R. Lacanlale PhD, Chief CID
Paz I. Canlas, Education Program Supervisor in Science
Quarter 4 Week 1
Title Card
Week 1 Lesson 1: The Human Digestive System
Guide Card
Introduction
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master the
magnetic force. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning
situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The
lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which
you read them can be changed to correspond to the textbook you are now using. In this
module, you will explain ingestion, absorption, assimilation, and excretion. (S8LT IVa-13)
Learning Competency
After going through this module, you are expected to:
• Identify the parts and their functions in the digestive process.
• Describe the coordinated functions of organs in the human digestive system, and;.
• Explain the processes involved in the digestion process.
1
Pre-Test: What I Know
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. The digestive process starts in the
A. esophagus
B. mouth
C. large intestine
D. stomach
2. The liver’s role is to
A. mash up food
B. turn water into food
C. help the stomach
D. remove harmful substances from the blood
3. When they reach the stomach, mashed-up food particles mix with:
A. bile
B. gastric juices
C. guava juice
D. mucus
4. Bile is made in the
A. large intestine
B. stomach
C. liver
D. all of the above
5. What does the digestive system do?
A. breaks down and handles food
B. pumps blood throughout the body
C. helps you breathe
D. helps your arms and legs move
6. All of the following statements about digestion are correct, except?
A. it includes a mechanical and chemical phase
B. it changes large molecules to simplest form
C. it starts from the mouth and ends in the anus
D. it occurs due to enzymes, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates
2
7. It is the portion of the digestive tract that receives the food from your mouth, which is
also called throat.
A. epiglottis
B. pharynx
C. tongue
D. trachea
8. Where does the partly-digested food (in liquid form) go after it leaves the stomach?
A. to the appendix
B. to the large intestine
C. to the small intestine
D. to the stomach
9. The digestive system processes food into usable and unusable materials.
The usable materials are sent to the body's cells as food. What happens to
unusable materials?
A. It goes into the pancreas to await disposal.
B. It goes to the right ventricle to await disposal.
C. It goes into the large intestine to await disposal.
D. It goes into the small intestine to await disposal.
3
salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas are major accessory organs that have a role
in digestion. These organs secrete fluids into the digestive tract.
Review
Directions: Identify the organs of the digestive system. Choose your answers from the word
bank and write them in your notebook/ on a separate sheet of paper.
Activity Card
What’s New
Activity 1: Digestive Maze!
Objective
After performing this activity you should be able to enumerate the organs that
make up the digestive system.
4
Procedure:
Study the digestive maze below.
Directions: There are nine (9) organs given in the word bank. List down the correct path
of food during the process of human digestion from the start to the end. Write your
answers in your notebook/on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Start- 2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9. End-
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Discussion
Body systems are groups of organs and tissues that work together to perform important
jobs for the body. Some organs may be part of more than one body system if they serve
more than one function. Other organs and tissues serve a purpose in only one body
system.
Digestion begins with ingestion, where the food is taken in the mouth. Digestion and
absorption take place in a series of steps with special enzymes playing important roles in
digesting carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. Elimination describes removal of
undigested food contents and waste products from the body.
6
Path of Food
Digestion is the process of breaking down the food into smaller pieces so that our body can
absorb them. Food undergoes both physical and chemical changes as it moves from one
part of the gastrointestinal tract to the other. When we bite and chew food using our teeth,
it is called physical or mechanical digestion. Some foods are soluble in water but some are
not like meat. The chemical breakdown of food is called chemical digestion which involves
the use of enzymes. Enzymes are protein molecules that help to fasten the chemical reaction
because when enzymes react with food, they break it into simpler substances. Chemical
digestion also happens in the mouth, this is when we chew the food and mix it with saliva.
7
Figure 3 Pyloric
sphincter
Food stays in the stomach for four hours wherein is mixed, churned, and becomes fluid. A
sphincter is the regulator muscle of the stomach which prevents the food from escaping. It
is also a soft muscle that serves as the valve at the esophagus to the stomach then to the
small intestine.
The digestive glands in the stomach lining produce acids and enzymes that digest proteins.
These digestive juices could, in fact, harm the stomach. However, a thick mucus layer helps
keep this acidic chemical environment from destroying the tissues of the stomach.
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Absorption and Assimilation
During absorption, these nutrients pass through the walls of the intestine and into the
bloodstream, where they get transported to the different parts of the body. The food in the
first part of the small intestine (duodenum) is acted upon by secretions from the liver,
pancreas, and intestinal glands. Digested molecules of food are absorbed through the
small intestine. The walls of the small intestine contain many folds that are lined up with
tiny fingerlike protrusions called villi. These villi are in turn covered with even smaller
protrusions called microvilli. These structures increase the surface area through which
nutrients are absorbed.
In the process of absorption and assimilation after digestion, the nutrients present in the
blood reach the target cells and tissues that utilize them for their activities. This process
of synthesizing the biological compounds (macromolecules) from the absorbed simple
molecules is called assimilation. It helps in cell growth and development and new cell
production.
The undigested parts of food or those that were not absorbed by the body moves to the
large intestine like cellulose of fruits and vegetables. It also changes the undigested food
into semi-solid waste or feces which leave the body through the anus. This process is called
elimination or excretion.
Figure 4 shows how food is changed to soluble forms as it is moved from one part of the
digestive system to another. You can help your digestive system by drinking water and
practicing a balanced diet by choosing nutritious foods that support your digestive system
over harmful foods that might harm your overall health.
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Enrichment Card
Activity 1
Find me a match!!!
Directions: Draw a line showing which part of the digestive system performs the given
functions.
10
Activity 2
Directions: Complete the parts of the digestive system. Choose from the
words in the box to fill in the blanks.
stomach chewed food energy
rectum liver mouth small intestine
waste saliva large intestine digestion
system swallow tongue pharynx
acid absorbed liquids esophagus
After spending some time in the stomach, the food is sent into the (14)
________________________ where nutrients are(15) ______________. The
(16) _____________ helps by producing some digestive juices called bile.
Next, the remaining food goes into the (17) _________________________
where the (18) _______________ are absorbed. The remaining food is called
(19) _________________ and it is pushed into the (20)________________
where it waits before leaving the body.
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Reflection Card
Model Association:
Directions: Think of some common objects that can be associated with the functions of
the digestive organs and explain why somehow, they have similarities. Example is given
below.
Example
Stomach
Esophagus
Liver
Small intestine
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What I can do
A. Directions: Match the digestive activity in column A with the appropriate description
in column B. Write the answers on a separate sheet of paper.
Column A Column B
13
B. Give the processes involved in digestion. (in order)
Assessment Card
WHAT AM I?
14
Additional Activities
A. Directions: Circle the ten (10) words listed below. Words appear straight across,
backward straight across, up and down, down and up, and diagonally. Write the
answers on a separate sheet of paper.
B. Directions: Crossword Puzzle-Fill in the crossword puzzle with words missing from
the sentences below. Match the number of the sentence to the boxes placed across or
down the grid. If filled out correctly, the words will fit neatly into the puzzle.
15
Reference Card
https://int.search.tb.ask.com/search/GGmain.jhtml?searchfor=digestive+system&enableSearch=true&rdrct=no&st
=sb&tpr=omni&p2=%5ECPC%5Echr999%5ETTAB03%5E&ptb=CEBA4238-EBDF-46E0-AC10-
E70675167FB7&n=78676003&si=
https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/digestive-system-how-it-works
https://www.teacherplanet.com/content/digestive-system
https://www.google.com/search?q=color+the+parts+of+the+digestive+system&tbm=isch&source=iu&ictx=1&fir
=d5FLnf0taEGoYM%252CzMt-jtMNWSI5aM%252C_&vet=1&usg=AI4_-
kT0vNTSiijCtWBGf_5FTvyXBd_wzw&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiEj4mw0rPwAhXRZt4KHZ6eAsQQ9QF
6BAgNEAE#imgrc=2G0Em21TM5iDPM
Books
Science Learner’s Module, Pia C. Ocampo et. Al., Grade 8 Science Learner’s Module, Vibal Publishing House,
Inc.
Science Vistas 8, Delfin C. Angeles et. Al., Grade 8 Science Vistas, Don Bosco Press, Inc.
Website
http://www.vtaide.com/png/digest-mcq.htm
https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=40&co
ntentid=DigestionFoodDigestiQuiz
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/high-school-biology/hs-human-body- systems/hs-the-digestive-and-
excretory-systems/a/hs-the-digestive-and-excretory- systems-review
https://www.google.com/search?ei=8HlJYJyWGtCWr7wP5daj-
Ak&q=explanation+of+assimilation+and+absorption+in+digestive+system+for+high+
school+students&oq=explanation+of+assimilation+and+absorption+in+digestive+sy
stem+for+high+school+students&gs https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/451697037620711802/
Answer Card
What I know What’s In
1. B 6.C 1. mouth 5. stomach
2. D 7.B 2. esophagus 6. pancreas
3. B 8.C 3. liver 7. small intestine
4. C 9.C 4. large intestine 8. anus
5. A 10.D
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Activity 2: Answers may vary
Activity 3
Additional Activities
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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Division of Pampanga