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Midterm Minor Requirement (Bautista, Pabon, Tagarao)
Midterm Minor Requirement (Bautista, Pabon, Tagarao)
Midterm Minor Requirement (Bautista, Pabon, Tagarao)
DATE
April 11, 2021
Lyceum of the Philippines University - Manila 2
CHAPTER 2
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Related Literature
factor in their interpersonal and character development and will impact the
students’ future in employment. However, this paper will focus on the Lyceum of
of Science in Customs Administration thus all the related literature given will be
students will decide where to attend and what kind of institution is compatible for
them. A research by Furukawa (2011), aims to determine the factors that affects
design was used which composed of individual interviews with admission staff,
The study shows that the focal point of an institution recruitment tactics targeted
the population, parents or guardian, and increased interaction with the potential
students. Findings (students) suggest that the most prevalent influence on their
decision is from the parents or other family members. In the admission staff
presenting more information that highlights the institution’s strengths and able to
effectively address the student concerns, will more likely the students select that
One study examines the main priorities of the students among the given four (4)
Quantitative survey was used for data collection, distributed to the selected
factor that contributes in the college choice process than the overall institutional
In order to determine the major factors that influence the decision of upcoming
Early studies are more focused on the external factors and the characteristics of
impact of technology and social media on college selection are now more
and criteria which depends on the perspective of the ranking creator. The quality
and accountability of ranking system, in line with the context of national goals,
differs from every country and region. Having a standard measure of success as
Achiever students and/or students with higher income tend to use rankings as
one of their guides in choosing their school, while disadvantaged students are
more likely to choose community colleges or institutions which are not included
also emphasized that top performing schools does not equate as a best choice
well as the school facilities, size and location are must be considered more as
A study by Schmidt et. al. (2011) implies, that college rankings is not necessarily
specifically SAT scores, wages and career data were commonly used assess
or the need to determine whether the students were able to acquire additional
performance of the institution and produce accurate results for ranking (Schmidt
Quality Assurance (QA) and Ranking are correlated altogether but have different
since, its aim is to meet the minimum standards (mostly for accreditation) for
“quality” of higher education because of its reliance to a single data source and
2015).
This study by Wächter, B. et.al. (2015) aims to compare and contrast the current
(3) Semi-structured Expert Interviews to gather their data. And in order to avoid
incorrect findings, the researchers seek high-level academic experts in the field
Lyceum of the Philippines University - Manila 7
of quality assurance and rankings to assist them on reviewing draft reports and
Related Studies
performance trend in the Philippines where they found the fluctuating pattern of
trend of performances of schools, these will not be reviewed in detail and will
Foreign Studies
have observed were: institution fee, marketing, brand image, motivation and
sampling on one hundred fifty (150) students as respondents was used in this
survey. Factory tests with regression weight and Confirmatory Factory Analysis
was used by the researchers for the data analyzation. The result of the collected
data signifies that the institution fee, marketing, brand image, and facilities have
answers implies that the school accreditation is one of the determining factors
affecting the student’s choice since it ensures them that the institution will
that the aforementioned variables in their study is vital on helping the students to
decide on choosing their private school in Medan therefore they also provide
suggestions and recommendations for the school to attract the interest of the
students in form of; (1) private schools should market their campus by providing
Lyceum of the Philippines University - Manila 9
more brochures that encompasses information about the quality and reputation
of the school (2) private schools must be competitive with other campuses (3)
media promotion (4) affordable institutional fees (5) improved learning facilities.
better strategy in recruiting students. This paper reviewed the following models:
and the main factors of university choice process where the paper elaborates
personal factors, location, job prospect for a good career cost of education and
Economic model is used to discuss how students maximizes their utilities while
minimizing their risk, though it has limitation because the said model is only
reliant on the influence of rationality to the students choice, on the other hand,
university they will be enrolling in, while combined models showcases the stages
Lyceum of the Philippines University - Manila 10
where the first step, predisposition is the stage where the students ponder
whether he/she will continue education after that is the second stage or search
where students obtain the information about their prospected universities and
after those steps is the choice. This paper also reviewed the marketing model of
school of choice.
schools on a per region basis in order to measure the gathered data and
analyze numerical data. The result of the study was explained precisely since
graphs and aid tables were provided together with its analysis and evaluation.
On the result and discussion section of the paper explains that school in region
IX illustrates a gradual declining trend. While on the regions IV, VII, and NCR
these schools employ intensive programs that enhance their students’ skills and
intellect. Lastly, regions III, XI and XII have a fluctuating pattern due to the
Lyceum of the Philippines University - Manila 11
data by the researchers the Customs Broker Licensure Examination was usually
unstable and fluctuating over that time frame. The author of this paper concludes
Students must be skilled and intellectual prepared for the licensure examination
in order to achieve good result and pass the exam because the student’s
improve their curriculum and conduct an in-depth study that will help to improve
their student’s performance in order to increase the passing rate of the school as
On the other hand, in a similar study conducted by Castillo (2018), entitled, “Six-
University in the Philippines”, the study analyzes the six-year performance trend
the Customs Broker Licensure Examination of that state university. The six-year
the other schools. Moreover, the schools deemed to use for comparison are the
top ten performing schools that offers customs administration program in the
Philippines for the year 2011-2016. The gathered data used in this research
Quantitative approach was used in conducting this study; graphs and statistical
Lyceum of the Philippines University - Manila 12
data were used to present the findings and analysis. According to the result and
of its performance in the Customs Broker Licensure Examination for the past six
well its national average. Therefore, the rival schools in the region and
school and had been performing better than its usual performance in year 2015-
2016. Likewise, the difference among the passing rate of the subject school and
margin over the other top performing customs school shrunk in year 2016.
In a journal also written by Castillo (2018), the study evaluates and determines
through the result of the Customs Broker Licensure Examination from year 2011
up to 2017. The study also includes statistical graphs which shows the
school. The gathered data used by the author were based on the website of the
descriptive design were used in conducting this study. The results of the study
show that the majority of the top customs administration university in the
Philippines have varying and changing performances in every year. The graphs
Lyceum of the Philippines University - Manila 13
presented in this paper relatively show that schools that have fluctuating
performance should conduct a study to determine what are the reasons of their
volatile and unstable performances. On the other hand, universities that show
mostly a good performance and increasing passing rate every year should
maintain their good performance. As of the conclusion of the entire study, the
graphs and result of the study reveal that there is non-significant difference
does not need to go to Metro Manila but instead select a university that offers a
performance its graduates and most importantly the passing rate of the
According to Briones and Bueno (2019), there are several factors that affects the
quality and standard of the school is one of the main factors that students
consider when choosing their school followed by the skilled professors, learning
produce board passers. In their study entitled, “Factors Affecting the Decision of
First Year Students in Choosing their Degree Program and School” it examines
the factors affecting the choice of first year’s student in determining what degree
program they will take and what university will give them the high quality of
survey method in conducting their study together with first-year students from a
gathered data come up with result that students choose their school due to the
school’s reputation and image, qualified instructors, teaching facilities and the
aforementioned factors that affects the student’s decision when choosing their
degree program and school. Also, school accreditation and autonomous status
ensures the student’s they could provide the best quality education for them.
image and reputation with that there is a high probability that student’s will
choose to enroll in their school. With the gathered data and result of the study,
the researchers concluded that the various factors that affects the student’s
Synthesis
choosing their universities. (Aydin,2015) reviewed the factors that affects the
personal factors etc, and (Castillo, 2018) together with the other sources’ relays
how the performance and quality of education plays a major role in the process
of students decision making, the related literature also suggests that the
REFERENCES
Briones, E. R., & Bueno, D. C. (2019). Factors Affecting the Decision of First Year
Students in Choosing their Degree Program and School. Institutional
Multidisciplinary Research and Development Journal.
Hidayat, R., Sukma, S., & Sinuhaji, E. (2018). Factors that affect Students Decision to
Choose Private Universities in Medan City Indonesia. Academy of Strategic
Management Journal.
Laguador, J.M., Dotong, C.I., De Castro, E.A. (2014). The Experience of Lyceum of the
Philippines University – Batangas in Getting Ahead of Accreditation and
Certification. International Journal of Social Sciences, Arts and Humanities.
Sanoff, A. P., Usher, A., Savino, M., & Clarke, M. (2007). College and University
Ranking Systems Global Perspectives and American Challenges. Distributed by
ERIC Clearinghouse.
Schmidt, W., Burroughs, N., Cogan, L., & Houang, R. (2011). Are College Rankings an
Indicator of Quality Education? International Perspectives on Teacher
Knowledge, Beliefs and Opportunities to Learn, 503-514. doi:10.1007/978-94-007-
6437-8_23
Lyceum of the Philippines University - Manila 17
Tan, W. S., Almerez, A. U., Pardillo, A., Batulan, S., Gonzales, J., Cal, C., & Labang, J.
(2015). Trend of Customs Broker Licensure Examination of the Philippines.
Educational Measurement and Evaluation Review
Wächter, B., Kelo, M., H., L. Q., Effertz, P., Jost, C., & Kottowski, S. (2015). University
Quality Indicators: A Critical Assessment. Brussels: European Parliament.