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Direct To IELTS (1) - Organized - Organized
Direct To IELTS (1) - Organized - Organized
1 A very modern world Verbs followed by-ing and/ or Collocations with nouns Matching paragraphs,
infinitive classifying, answering
Page 6
questions with words from
the passage
2 The past - public and Using nouns to build Collocations - multiple Marching sections to
private ideas combinations headings, Yes/ No/ Not Given
statements, completing
Page 18 Adjectives of evaluation
sentences
4 Leisure and the Comparative and superlative Leisure and Multiple choice, completing
environment adjectives entertainment sentences with words from
the passage, completing
Page 42
sentences with the correct
ending
6 Shaping the world and Hypothesizing Words related to space and Completing a summary,
beyond place completing a flow chart,
Cause and effect verbs and
True/ False/ Not Given
Page 66 nouns
statements
7 A consumer society Countable and uncountable Words related to consumer Matching paragraphs,
nouns choosing items from a
Page 78 list, completing sentences,
choosing the best title
8 Culture on the move Defining and non-defining Collocations with culture Yes/No/Not Given,
relative clauses completing sentences
Page 90 with the correct ending,
completing a summary
Task 1: describing line graphs Section 1: multiple choice, Part 1: general questions about
choose three letters, completing your country
Task 2: Discuss both these views
sentences
and give your own opinion. Part 2: Describe a view that you
like.
Task 1: describing pie charts Section 2: multiple choice, Parts 2 and 3: adjectives of
labelling a map evaluation
Task 2: planning your writing
Task 1: describing a process Section 3: matching letters Part 3: beginning and developing
to questions, completing an answer
Task 2: describing advantages
a flow chart, completing a
and disadvantages/ measures
summary
Task 1: describing tables Section 4: completing notes Part 2: Describe a day off
with no more than two words/ a from work or study that you
Task 2: expressing opinions/
number remember.
expressing purpose
Part 3: giving examples, reasons
and purposes
Task 2: expressing 9pinions, Section 1: multiple choice, Part 2: Describe a leisure activity.
evaluating and organizing answering questions with
Part 3: Degrees of certainty
no more than two words,
Task 1: describing bar charts
completing sentences with no
more than two words
Task 1: describing changes in Section 2: mutiple choice, Parts 1 and 2: answering general
maps matching letters to questions, questions, Describe a team that
completing a table you have been part of or would
Task 2: using complex sentences
like to be part of.
to develop ideas
Task 1: describing charts and Section 3: multiple choice, Parts 1 and 2: answering general
tables, paraphrasing choosing letters, completing a questions about shopping,
table Describe a website that you like
Task 2: expressing opinions,
usmg.
avoiding repetition
Part 3: talking about spending
Task 1: describing bar charts Section 4: completing notes with Parts 1 and 2: answering general
no more than three words/ a questions about your culture,
Task 2: describing causes and
number, multiple choice Describe a cultural experience or
measures
event you enjoyed or didn't enjoy
attending.
Part 3: discussing cultural
activities
Introduction
Direct to IELTS is a short preparation course for students Accompanying the course is a Website, which has
preparing to take the academic version of the IELTS four computer-based tests that can be done in practice
(International English Language Testing System) mode and in test mode. There are also downloadable
examination. The course aims to help students in score workbook-like materials for each unit in the Student's
bands 6-7 and is equivalent to level B2/ Cl in the Council book. The Grammar reference section is available as a
of Europe's Common European Framework. downloadable PDF.
Direct to IELTS aims to improve your skills and knowledge The Academic version of the IELTS examination
of the IELTS exam and to give a boost to preparation for The IELTS examination tests students' competence in the
the exam. The Student's Book contains 8 units covering four main skills: listening, reading, writing and speaking.
a range of interesting topics relevant to the IELTS Note the exam is a test of a candidate's ability to use
exammatton. English language rather than knowledge of English. A
T he Student's Book has regular Exam information score is given for each skill and then a global score is given,
boxes, which give you help on how to tackle various parts e.g. 5, 6, 6, 6 would give a global score of 6 and 6, 7, 7, 7
of the exam, and Tip boxes, which provide guidance on would give a global score of 7.
how to answer specific questions. There are also Grammar Listening Module (approximately 30 minutes)
focus boxes which summarize the main features of the
The Listening module has 40 questions and lasts
grammatical structures being dealt with in the Language
approximately 30 minutes.
focus sections. The four main skills in the IELTS exam -
Listening, Reading, Writing and Speaking - are dealt with The module contains four sections with ten questions in
in each unit. Each unit contains practice in IELTS Writing each.
Task 1 and IELTS Writing Task 2 with model answers and Sections 1 and 2
comments in the answer key. For further practice, there is The first two sections are of a social nature. Section 1
a Writing bank at the end of the book, which contains a is a conversation between two people and Section 2 is
model answer with comments, a writing task for you to do usually a monologue. However, Section 2 can also be a
a nd Useful language to refer to. At the end of the book conversation between two people.
there is a section containing Additional materials that
Sections 3 and 4
help you extend and practise what you have learnt.
Sections 3 and 4 are connected with education and
Each unit contains at least one Vocabulary section
training. Section 3 is a conversation involving up to four
relevant to the main skills in the unit. These sections
people and Section 4 is usually a monologue. Note Section
seek to activate the vocabulary so that it can be used in
3 can have several people asking a speaker questions where
•• conjunction with the other main skills in the unit. The
the answers involve long responses. Likewise, Section 4
focus in the Vocabulary section is on collocations and
can have a speaker being asked questions by one person.
words related to a theme. The vocabulary chosen has wide
application in preparation for IELTS and in the exam Each section is played once only. You answer the questions
its elf. in the question booklet in the exam as you listen. At the
end of the test, you have 10 minutes to transfer your
Each unit also has at least one Langua).;e focus section.
answers to the answer sheet.
T hese sections focus on some of the main grammatical
structures that are useful at this level and relevant to the The types of questions used are: multiple choice, short-
IELTS exam. Each section refers you to the relevant part of answer questions, sentence completion, notes/form/
the Grammar Reference for presentation and revision of summary/ flow chart completion, labelling a diagram/
the structures being dealt with. plan/map, classification and matching.
At the end of each unit there is a two-page Review. The Your spelling needs to be accurate and you must not write
Review contains further practice of the Vocabulary and unnecessary words in the answers, for example, words
Language focus sections, as well as the Writing, Speaking from the exam questions.
a nd Reading that features in the unit.
Academic Reading (1 hour) IELTS Speaking Part 2
In the Academic Reading module, there are three passages This part lasts 3- 4 minutes. You are given a task card,
from various sources such as books, journals, magazines about which you are expected to speak for 1- 2 minutes,
and newspapers. The passages do not require specialist without any questions or prompts from the examiner.
knowledge for you to understand them and at least one of Before you speak you are given one minute to make brief
the three passages contains a detailed logical argument. notes.
The range of question types that are used in the Reading IELTS Speaking Part 3
module are: choosing suitable paragraph/ section headings This part lasts 4-5 minutes. You are asked a series of
from a list, identification of information using True/ questions by the examiner. The questions are connected
False/Not Given statements, identification of the writer's with Part 2 and are of a more abstract nature. You need to
views/ claims using Yes/No/ Not Given statements, develop your answers by giving more d etails, explaining,
multiple choice, short-answer questions, sentence evaluating and analysing.
completion, notes/ summary/ flow chart/table completion,
The examiner assesses your ability to communicate
labelling a diagram, classification and matching.
effectively in English and specifically assesses:
Academic Writing (1 hour)
• Fluency and coherence: how well you speak without
The Academic Writing module has two tasks. You are hesitating and the organization of your answers.
advised to spend 20 minutes on Task 1 and asked to write
• Lexical resource: the range of vocabulary you use.
at least 150 words. For Task 2 you are advised to spend 40
minutes and asked to write at least 250 words. • Grammatical range and accuracy: the range of grammar
you use, for example the range of structures and
Task 1
complex sentences using connecting words: because,for
Assessment for Task 1 is based on your ability to instance, and so, but and so on.
summarize, organize and compare data where possible,
• Pronunciation: how clear and intelligible you are when
describe the stages of a process, describe an object or
you speak.
event or explain how something works. Your range
of vocabulary, ability to use a range of grammatical Sam McCarter
structures, accuracy, the coherence of your writing and
your ability to complete the task are assessed.
Task2
In Task 2 you are given a point of view, argument or
problem to write about. Assessment is based on your
ability to write a solution to the problem; present and
support your opinion; compare and contrast evidence and
opinions; and evaluate and challenge ideas, evidence or
arguments.
In both Tasks 1 and 2 you are assessed on your ability to
write in a style that is suitable for the task.
Speaking Module (11-14 minutes)
The IELTS Speaking moduJe lasts between 11 and 14
minutes and consists of three parts. T he exam is recorded.
IELTS Speaking Part 1
This part of the Speaking module last, 4- 5 minutes. The
examiner checks your identity and asb questions about
familiar topics, e.g. your hobbies, your studies/work.
Lengthy answers are not necessary in this part of the exam.
ry wo. d
1 Work in groups and describe the photos A-D. Then answer questions 1-5.
1 Do you think it is possible to protect views like this from development where you live?
Why/ Why not?
2 What is the effect of protecting or destroying such views for people in your country?
3 How have views like this changed in your country?
llli1 Sp'F-,~kini !Pan:Jlil dlasts'' 4 What is the most beautiful view where you live or were brought up?
four to five minutes,
... '-::':: .. .:':· • :I
'.ii! · Afi:er che<sk,ngl.youl"l~'
.. S Speculate what an area you are familiar with was like in the past, and what it will be like
personal detail:5,
in the near and distant future. Use the ideas below to help you.
'''"a11cfi'he''~xalhi/ller e
introduce yourselves,
Progress is vital for
Th"t° exaifilimlF1~hen ~ a
our planet.
.- asks you~questions _~, It may be impossible
~jl a~~Llt yd'~rse'Jf 1nd .,,,, to stop progress.
your family, ho.l:>bi~s,
l!! j~'t>: stJa'ies a1~£l'a'b6 ut
othJ;r f~1~i!,iar,,f,gPif ~;11,
In fhis pan: ofthe !ij,• • f
sp~tit)~n~x.a ~~ 1yo111~ , d The changing skyline is
answers'are usually"' Few landscapes/ the result of higher buildings,
fi one or ~ o s~~-t ~nc~;;i, cinysaapes/ skylines of because the population is becoming
long. outstanding (natural) beauty are denser. It is really beautiful.
left. It all depends on whether
people have the will to
protect them.
Unit 1 A very modern world ·
2 Work in pairs and read the task card. Then read the candidate's short notes below and
describe what you think he/ she talks about.
t,
3 (I) 1 .1 Listen to a candidate speaking l
and decide whether the candidate uses the Notes
notes in exercise 2. Write down synonyms
:1. V\,(,~11\,d
of any of the words that the candidate --------------
uses in the spaces provided. 2 Acr-o-pol~s -- - -----------
3 (~II\, t11e) di:wle
4 Work in groups and answer the questions. --------------
1 Does the candidate talk about all the
4 <t1eCIYS old)
:1.4
-- ------------
points on the task card? 5 br-ecit11tcile~l/\,g ----------- ---
2 Does the candida te's a n swer follow the G wortl1 v~s ~t~l/\,g --------------
no tes? I
3 Do t h e n o tes h elp to give structure to t h e
r 11\,ot ~11\,ter-ested --------------
candidate's answer? g r-eccill
- -------------
'
4 Do you think it is easier or m o re difficult .3 be SOYYt'.I --------------
to speak u sing notes?
:1.0 YeVl,{,~11\,dS
f
--------------
:1.:1. 11\,ever- sto-p
--------------
...,.,.· ""'·"''· ~· -·-·
5 Choose one of the task cards, A or B. Write short notes about the card. Use the notes in
exercise 2 to help you.
A B
Describe a neighbourhood in your home t Describe a walk that you like going on.
_In IELTS Speaking ..
town that you like. · ''P a ri: ':2'; yo JI have 'o ne ·>;,~
You should s ay:
You should say: ,~ in~~,e t o ,,-;:vrite mote~
where the walk is ·-,about the task card .
where the neighbourhood is when you first went on the walk
when you first visited the what the walk is like
neighbourhood
and explain why you like the walk.
what the neighbour hood is like
and explain why you like the
neighbourhood.
6 Work with a partner who chose a different card. Take turns to talk about your card a nd
give each other feedback.
enioy afford love like continue 1 I miss seeing the changes taking place in
help seem dislike hate miss my home town.
remember forget mind fail 2 I try to avoid to buy the latest technology
appear stop scare when it first comes out.
3 I like to work different shifts each day,
because it gives my life a lot of variety.
3 Complete the sentences with the correct
form of the verbs in brackets. Use the 4 People can't afford not adjusting to the
infinitive with or without to or the -ing modern work environment.
form once only in each sentence. 5 The pace at which the world is
developing means constantly to update
1 Although many young people hate one's skills .
.... ..... ............ ..... (study), the changing work
6 It helps finding different ways to relax in
environment means many can't afford the modern world .
.......................... (leave) school without
qualifications. 7 Old people enjoy varying their routine as
much as younger people do .
2 I miss ............ ..... ............. (go) there
a lot, so when I am at home I like 8 It's difficult to find time even to stop
..... ........ ................. (visit) the spot as often as chinking in the busy offices where people
possible. now work.
3 I don't mind ............................ (work) 5 Write down three places that are worth
and studying part-time because I want seeing and three things that are worth
.......................... (pay) for the course myself. doing where you live or have lived. Work
4 Most governments have failed in pairs. Take turns to ask each other
..... .. .......... .. ........... (reduce) crime, which questions about the places and <l.Ctivities .
keeps .............................. (rise) continuously Use the question words why/how often/
5 I was doing d evelopment studies at when/ what.
university when I stopped ............................. . 'What kinds of places do you think are
(take up) a job. Now I regret worth visiting where you were born/grew
..... ........ ..... .......... .. (do)so. up?'
6 Meditation has helped me 'The most attractive place is the
...... .... .. ....... ........... (overcome) stress and I coastline, which is really ... '
like ...... ........ ........... ..... (meet) people at the A Read more about verbs followed by -ing
class. W and/or infinitive in the online Grammar
Reference.
Unit 1 A very modern world
~~
.·,,t ·1, • ffi'."'1;~: . ;} ~ 'lY~ fjit~it~Y::;t~.:,'"H~~!~n',
I Et.TS listening'1Sectii rf '1 !; •!I' •
1 Work in groups. Read the Section 1 questions 1-10 below and discuss what you think the
listening will be about.
2 Predict the answers to questions 1-10. Make short notes about your predictions.
3 Discuss the importance of predicting the answers before you listen.
It helps you build a picture of the contents of the conversation.
ta\
4 ~ 1.2 Listen and answer questions 1- 10.
Questions 1 and 2
Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.
Example
The caller is enquiring about
A a cycling club.
® a walking club.
C a running club.
1 The club holds walks 2 Each walk is led by 3 The walks usually last more than
A once a week. A the group secretary. A two hours.
B once a fortnight. B a different p erson. B half a day.
c once a month. c a group member. C three hours.
Questions 4-6
Choose THREE letters, A-G.
Which THREE things does the woman mention about the Skyline Club newsletter?
A the writers C the history E the frequency G the length
B subscriber numbers D newsletter type F the future
Questions 7-10
Complete the sentences below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/ OR A NUMBER for each answer.
7 The next walk is on ......................................... .
8 The group is meeting at ......................................... am.
9 The caller's email address is ......................................... @thomas.com.
10 The caller's mobile number is ......................................... .
S Look at your notes in exercise 2 . How many answers did you predict correctly?
Reaction
6 Work in groups. Discuss at least one of the questions 1-4.
1 Do you think older people are more interested in how cities develop than young people?
Why/Why not?
2 Do you think 3D interactive tours of cities will one day replace tourist trips? Why/ Why not?
3 How do mobiles and the internet allow people to find their way around more easily
compared to the past? Is this a positive or negative development?
4 Do you think that in the near future electronic maps will replace paper maps for
everyone? Why/Why not?
Unit 1 A very modern world
1 Work in pairs. Make true or false statements about Writing Task 1 below. Exchange your
statements with another pair to answer.
The introduction can be a copy of the rubric in the task. (False)
Percentage of the population who have never used the internet
You should spend about 20 minutes on
60
this task.
The graph opposite shows the proportion 50 • Germany
ofthe European population in selected 40 • Den mark
countries who have never used the internet,
along with the European Union average. 30 • S pain
2 Match 1-6 to a- f. Write a model answer containing five sentences and three paragraphs.
Keep 1-6 in the same order and use correct punctuation.
1 the graph shows the average proportion of the population in the 27 European countries
2 overall, there is a clear downward trend in the proportion of those who have never
accessed the internet
3 as regards Denmark and the UK, which had the two lowest races of non-usage of the
mternet,
4 Germany followed a similar pattern to the United Kingdom
5 while France experienced a more marked d ecline
6 likewise, Spain, the only country above the European Union average,
You should spend about 20 minutes on Percentage of internet users playing or downloading games,
this task. images, films or music
40
•• Germany
••
Bu lgaria
average.
30 EU - 27 countries
Summarize the information by selecting
and reporting the main features, and make
•
20 United Kin gd o m
comparisons where relevant.
10 France
Write at least 150 words.
0
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 20 10 201 1
Writing bank: page 109
Vocabulary: Collocations with nouns
1 Read the extract from IELTS Listening Section 1. What synonyms can you think of to
replace the underlined adjective and verb? Use a collocations dictionary if necessary.
Yes. It's worth coming on that one. It's a ... river walk along the south side of the River
Thames from London Bridge, looking at the enormous changes that have taken place there
in recent years.
2 Complete the sentences using an adjective and a verb in the correct form from the boxes
below. There may be more than one answer.
Discussion topics:
Changes to the work environment
What kinds of changes are taking place in the job market in the modern world?
Do you chink that the physical work environment is changing in the modern world? Why/
Why not?
What reasons might employers have for reducing employee workspace in offices?
Flexible working
What are the advantages of being able to work flexibly, i.e. at different times of the day?
Do you think it would be a good idea for employees to be encouraged to work from home?
Would there be any disadvantages if certain types of professionals worked from home?
S Decide how you can begin the answer to each question in exercise 4.
The job market is changing rapidly as growth in ...
6 Change partners and take turns to ask and answer the questions. Give each other feedback
about the phrases used from exercises 2 and 3.
IELTS Reading
~~--~~~~~-
1 Work in groups. Discuss one or more of the statements below, saying how they relate to
you or people you know.
1 Just under half of all young people (44 per cent) have a social networking profile.
2 Forty-five per cent of young people said they felt happiest when they were online.
There are three 3 Eighty-four per cent of young people said that the internet brought communities of
reading passages in similar people together.
the exam, each
containing a 4 Young people are highly digitally literate in how they use media and are well connected in
minimum of750 a social context.
words and each with
2 Skim the title of the reading passage and the questions that follow it as quickly as you can.
1-14 questions.'The Decide what the topic of the passage is.
passages usually
become progressively
3 Scan the reading passage and confirm your predictions in exercise 2.
more difficult. To
prepare for the IELTS
4 Answer questions 1-13 about the reading passage.
exam, you need to
develop your
The Age of the Digital Native or M-Ager
prediction, skimming
and scanning skills so A The internet is a 'natural' space for young Natives' or perhaps 'M-Agers' (short for
you can move around people. It is fully integrated into their lives 'Mobile Agers'). The implication in these
the passage and the and is as commonplace for the vast majority terms is that this group has grown up
questions easily. Learn as walking down their local high street. It is surrounded by digital media with access to
to survey the whole the first place that many of them will go to computers, the internet, mobile phones and
reading passage and search for information and provides digital video games from pre-school age. The
the questions first. unparalleled opportunities for communicating Digital Native generation are young people,
Always looks at titles, and engaging with others. The fact that young aged 16 to 24. The internet is a key part of
sub-titles and irJ;lages. people can interact, maintain their anonymity young people's lives today - it is completely
Then skim the passage and compare information sources empowers natural to them. It is so much a part of them
and the questio%s. them. It can give them a sense of purpose and that they can be said to be living hybrid lives,
Remember, the control, especially at difficult and challenging combining the physical and virtual in a
questions are times in their lives. At such times, feelings of seamless network of communication,
effectively a summary being in control may on occasion be information, entertainment and sharing.
of the reading misplaced and can lead to risk of exposure to D For the vast majority of young people, the
passage. Write your unwanted danger. However, the vast majority digital world is a far from isolating experience.
answers on the of young people are able to minimise risk It extends reach and connectivity, building on
answer sheet as you through cross-checking information sources physical or close relationships as well as
do the exam and against one another. providing opportunities to interact and build
practise doing so as friendships with people who are not
B Negotiating the vast amount of information
you prepare for.the available on the internet presents its own geographically close to them. Young people
exam . There is no challenges. The ability to locate appropriate associate the internet with a strong sense of
transfer time at the community and as a place where similar
information quickly and which is in a
end. language and format that a young person can people can meet and share together. It is
relate to is not always easy. Equally, as young likely that young people have far wider and
people's needs have changed so too have their more varied support communities than
expectations of how they should be able to previous generations had.
interact with individuals, organisations and E They are the 'ever on' group. They demand
companies. fast and immediate access to both information
C Young people today use a variety of digital and friends with the internet ensuring their
means to communicate and interact with friends are available whenever and wherever
others at the same time - a mobile phone, a they need them. As access to the internet
television, a laptop - to build very complex becomes ever more mobile this trend will
and deep 'tapestries' of connectivity to one continue. Digital Natives are not just different
another and internet locations. Their life to their parents in using digital media in a
experience and the context in which they use natural and hybrid way.
the media inevitably contain many differing F They are often characterised as being visually
behaviours and emphases. At a general level literate and as having highly developed visual-
they are often labelled in a variety of ways, spatial skills. Indeed, it has been argued that
the most established terms being 'Digital through this age group we are moving toward
Unit 1 A very modern world
a more visual right brain-orientated society G This is a response to both the simple presence
with an emphasis on 'creators ... and and availability of technology and to social
meaning makers' and that young people and environmental change. In combination it
represent the vanguard . They are experiential, demonstrates how young people use today's
shift their attention from one task to another tools and communication opportunities to
with great rapidity, are highly digitally literate connect to the world and to establish and
(in how they use the media) and are well maintain their identities. Although there is
connected in a social context. Importantly, much debate, it should be considered that this
whilst older groups may judge online against virtual communication and connectivity is not
an ideal of face-to-face communication necessarily to the detriment of more
(although this is changing), young people established physically rooted behaviours.
evaluate against a wide range of options Rather, it represents the degree to which,
including instant message, chat, phone, SMS particularly this group, lives hybrid lives -
and face-to-face according to their lives that combine digital access and virtual
communication needs . These might range communication into their physical lives.
from immediacy, message complexity,
mobility to cost, privacy, or embarrassment.
Questions 1-5
The reading passage has seven paragraphs, A-G.
Which paragraph contains the following information?
1 the fact that young people nowadays have more support around them
compared to the past
2 digital natives are at the forefront of a skills shift in society
3 how the internet is the primary information source for many young people
4 why digital natives are changing the way they do things
5 an explanation of the main names to categorize modern youth
Questions 6-10
Classify the following as relating to
A benefits of being connected to the internet
B challenges faced by being connected to the internet
C neither benefits nor the challenges of being connected to the internet
Questions 11-13
Answer the questions below.
Choose NO MORE THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.
11 What does the digital world expand for digital natives?
12 What standard do older people measure online communication against?
13 How might young people's lives be described nowadays?
Reaction
S Work in groups and discuss questions 1-3.
1 Do you think having the opportunity to access the internet at all times makes your life
easier? Why/Why not?
2 Does people being online or texting while talking to friends affect communication? How?
3 What do you think the effects are of not possessing such skills in th~ modern world?
Unit 1 A very modern world
In Writing Task 2, you are required to write at least 250 words on a topic of general academic interest,
which does not require specialist knowledge. You are advised to spend about 40 minutes on this task. As
Task 2 receives double the marks ofTask 1, students are tempted to write their answer to Task 2 first.
However, it is better to write Task 1 first and stick to the advised time limits for Tasks 1 and 2. Note you
need to write your a nswer in paragraphs and answer all parts of the question contained in the rubric. You
also need to support your ideas by giving reasons and examples, as stated in the rubric.
2 ~
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. ~
2 Work in pairs. Statements 1-8 relate to the writing task in exercise 1. Decide if the
statements relate to the introduction (a), view 1 (b) or view 2 (c).
1 Some people feel that the trend cowards more flexible working practices for employees
is a positive trend. Others have reservations about this phenomenon, arguing that it is
just another way for companies to take advantage of workers.
2 Workers have co pay for services such as heating, electricity, lighting and equipment.
3 Flexible working gives workers greater freedom.
4 With modern technology, a gradual reduction in the number of workers that need to
work in one place is happening.
5 The changeover to more flexible working is a .natural trend in the modern world.
6 Space for offices is becoming very expensive, so it suits companies if employees work
from home.
7 The idea that working from home gives people freedom is an illusion.
8 The development may be attractive to employees, but some people quote the negative
aspect of such working practices, namely the social impact of people working alone and
the increased costs to the workers of having to pay for heating, lighting and so on.
Unit 1 A very modern world
3 Choose one statement from exercise 2 relating to either view 1 or view 2. Make brief notes
about a reason, an example and an impact of the idea in your chosen statement. Compare
your notes with another student who has chosen the same statement.
·Statement 2
Reason: . they work from home, use their own resources, not the employer's
Example: they may find their electricity and heating bills increase
Impact: the employee's costs increase, while the employer's costs fall
4 Work in pairs. Expand the notes in column A. Create a paragraph relating to statement 1
in exercise 2. Use the items in column B to help you connect the ideas.
work/ cake place/ at home/ in cafes/ hocels/ in office further/ then/ the consequence of
Result
space rented by the hour/airports this is that
S Complete the text with items from the table in exercise 4. Make any necessary changes.
Some people feel that the trend towards more flexible working practices for employees is a
positive trend. Yet, others have reservations about this phenomenon, arguing that it is just
another way for companies to manipulate the workforce to make more money. I personally
think it is a combination of both.
For many employees, the workplace (0) ...... !~--~~~!~!!'.'9........... as people choose the place where
they want to work and the time. (1) .................................... modern technology such as tablets
and mobile phones, which (2) .................................... to suit themselves.
(3) .................................... trainers in any field, accountants, designers or editors, who
(4) .................................... electronically from anywhere'in the world. (5) ...... ........ ....... .............. .
the work can take place at home, in cafes, in hotels, in office space rented by the hour, or even
in (6) .................................... .
6 Write an answer for Writing Task 2 below.
2 Candidate:
Examiner:
What do you think
your home town will be
like in the future?
2 Decide what the noun phrases in exercise 1 mean and what you would expect to find in
the paragraph.
As noun phrases are used to summarize information in all parts of t he IELTS exam , it is a very
useful skill to learn to unpack the meaning so you understand exactly what they mea n. Some
noun phrases used in headings are short ( e.g. the impact ofdevelopment) and some are long, as in
the example ( between 8 and 11 words) .
The development may be attractive to employees, but to some people the idea
that such working practices give people freedom is an illusion. They quote
the negative aspect of these practices, namely the social impact of people
working alone and the increased costs of having to pay for heating, lighting and
equipment. This benefits companies, because less office space is needed.
__:__'1!!!!!1!,~-
2 Decide where you can add the following words and phrases
to the paragraph.
4 Decide which words from exercise 3 you can use with nouns 1- 8 in the table.
do: 2,4,5,6,7
make, perform, fund detail ed, thorough , economic (2) analysis (of)
conduct, pursue, lead close, careful, detailed, thorough (7) investigation (of)
5 Complete the following statements using words from exercises 3 and 4. Change the form
of the word if necessary. More than one answer may be possible.
1 Do you think the government or private industry should .... ............. ... ........ scientific
................ ...... ..... . into history or m edicin e?
2 Is it worthwhile ... .... ............ ...... ... thorough investigations of every historical artefact
discovered? Or could the money be sp ent on something else?
3 Some p eople think ............................ animal .......... ...... ........ .... should be banned. Do you ?
4 Social ............................ carried out by researchers can reveal very important information.
5 Do you think there is compelling ............................ for global warming?
6 It is more difficult nowadays for students to find time to do a thorough ........... ................ .
of any subject. Why is chis so?
6 Work in groups. Select at least two questions from exercise 5 and make notes about the
reasons and examples. Then take turns to ask and answer the questions.
1 Skim the questions 1-10 and make a list of at least five items the talk will cover. Make
short notes about your predictions.
2 Work in pairs. Describe where each item is on the plan. Then take turns to describe the
route of the path and the places that you can see along it.
Questions 2-4
Label the plan below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.
t
r lfr·emams
~ fmarket
•• • (4) former
With plans or maps,
look at the
relationship between
the different items on
the map : next to/
beside, opposite,
north/ south of, etc.
cottages
beach
Questions 5-10
Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.
5 What are the earliest items discovered so 8 The beach is famous because of its
far in the excavations? A white sand and rocks.
A weapons B white sand and shells.
B pottery C rocks and shells.
C jewellery 9 What can be found at the beach shops?
6 Why are certain remains closed to the A local photographs
public?
B local artwork
A to preserve them
C unusual souvenirs
B to carry out research
10 The entrance ticket allows visitors
C to renovate them
A only one visit to the site.
7 How far is the beach from the
B three more visits a year.
preservation area?
C unlimited visits for a year.
A a very short walk away
B a short drive away
C a long walk away
4 Look at your notes in exercise 1. How many of your predictions were correct?
· Unit 2 The past - public and private
1 Work in pairs. Study the pie charts and decide which of the verbs in the box can be used to
describe the data. Use the verbs you chose to describe the data in your own words.
Percentage of students studying different, areas of history at Percentage of students studying different areas of history at
a university department in the UK in 2000 a university department in the UK in 2010
4 Work in pairs. Describe the pie charts at the top of page ·21.
•
•
Small individual gifts
Government •• Small individual gifts
Government
•
Shop
Businesses
•
•
Large gifts
Original endowment •• Large gifts
Original endowment
Events
Glossary: Original endowment: the original donation or gift to help fund the maintenance of Castle Keep
5 Work in pairs. Complete the answer below describing the pie charts in exercise 4. Use
words and phrases from the table.
The charts provide information about where funding for the maintenance of Castle Keep came from in the years
1850 and 1950.
Overall, it is clear that the pattern of income (1) ....... ....................... ... .. dramatically over the 100-year period with a
shift away from (2) ..... ..... ....... ........ ... ... .... co other funding sources. In 1850, for example, small individual gifts
(3) .......... ......................... 60 per cent of the total funding with large gifts ( 4) ................................... only 5 per cent.
By contrast, in 1950 20 per cent of funding (5) ............... .. ....... ..... ... ... small individual gifts, with businesses forming
(6) ...... .... ............. ............ , followed by small individual gifts and the original endowment, (7) ... ...... ............... .... .... .
For the endowment, there was an approximate 33 per cent rise from (8) ................................... in 1850.
As regards income from government sources, in 1950 this consisted of (9) .... ................ ........... ... compared to 1850,
5 per cent and 20 per cent respectively, representing a 75 per cent decline, while large gifts saw (10) ... ............ ............
from 5 per cent co 10 per cent.
Apart from businesses, two new sources of income, the shop and events, together comprised (11) .............. ........... ... .
offunding in 1950.
Funding allocation to a range of museums in a European Funding allocation to a range of museums in a European
country in 2000 country in 2010
2 @ 1.4 Listen to a candidate talking about the card and complete the phrases and
sentences. Use no more than four words for each answer.
1 museum about ............................... .
2 a large exhibition of ............................... .
3 The photos were fascinating as they showed ................................ like horses and carts.
4 also rooms with displays of objects that have been found ............................... .
5 I've been back to the museum several times, because ................................ .
6 Although the displays and exhibits are ................................ , I found them very effective and
quite compelling.
3 Work in pairs. Underline the words and phrases in exercise 2 which indicate the speaker is
evaluating something.
4 Add the words from the box to the correct place in the table below.
5 Work in pairs. Transform the sentences using the words in brackets. Do not change the
form of the words in brackets. Compare your answers with another pair.
O The changes had an enormous effect on the number of tourists coming to the area.
(effective in/bringing)
The changes were very effective in bringing tourists to the area.
1 The changes that took place in my home town made little or no difference to the people.
(unimportant)
2 Taking part in a survey doesn't waste time. (pointless) It's a confidence-building
experience.
Unit 2 The past - public and Qrii~ate
3 Studying history has little or no relevance for the modern world. (irrelevant)
4 It doesn't make sense to ignore the experience of the past. (sensible)
5 Some people think that relying solely on sponsorship for the arts doesn't work.
(impractical)
6 Innovation in industry has had an enormous effect on developing new products.
(effective)
7 Do you think qualifications have more worth nowadays compared to the past?
(worthwhile)
8 The evidence from the study did not convince people. (unconvincing)
6 Work in pairs. Make brief notes about one of the task cards. Then take turns to talk about
your card.
A
Describe a place you always wanted to visit when you were
younger.
B
Describe a recent meeting with someone that you think has
changed your life for the better.
7 Work in groups of three. Choose one of the sets of questions, A or B. Discuss a) possible
ideas for each question, b) how to begin each answer and c) examples and reasons to
develop each answer.
A Communication
1 Is communication important in people's lives nowadays? Why/ Why not?
2 How effective is communication nowadays compared to the past? In what ways?
3 In terms of communication, do you think the introduction of the internet changed the
way businesses communicate? Why/Why not?
B Personal opinion
1 Do you think that young people are more confident about expressing their opinions than
in the past? Why/Why not?
2 Would it be a good idea to have more language learning outside the classroom to build up
confidence in giving opinions in another language?
3 Some people think that learning to be confident in expressing yourself is as much a life
skill as learning a language. Do you agree?
8 Take turns to answer the questions in exercise 7.
Unit2 The past - public and private
IELTS Reading
1 Work in groups. Look at the photos and the title of the reading passage. Decide whether
the passage is related to a) problems and solutions orb) time.
2 Read the list of headings i- viii below. List as much information as you can about the
contents of the reading passage.
Questions 6-10
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage?
Write:
YES if the statement agrees with the claims ofthe writer. Make sure you read
NO if the statement contradicts the claims ofthe writer. the rubric and note
NOT GIVEN ifit is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this. that the statements
6 The earliest reference to sunglasses can be found in early Roman times. are about claims
made by the writer.
7 Early Chinese sunglasses were worn to correct the wearer's eyesight.
8 The work of James Ayscough had a profound effect on the development of modern
lenses.
9 Prior to 1730, sidepieces on glasses were made of many different materials.
10 Sam Foster's sunglasses were the first to be made for a mass market.
Questions 11-13
Complete the sentences below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.
11 The function of the Edwin H Lands Polaroid filter was to lessen surface ............ ................ . Note the rubric says
ONE WORD ONLY.
12 People can change their ............................ by wearing trendy sunglasses.
13 Designer glasses still offer protection from solar ......................... ... .
· __Unit2 The past - public at1d private
O Read more about using nouns to build ideas in the online Grammar Reference.
A Making subjects such as history B Some people think that studying a C In the modern world,
compulsory in schools is the best practical subject such as science or studying at university is
way to overcome the decline in technology is more relevant becoming too expensive
students studying such subjects at nowadays for young people's career for many students
university. prospects than studying the arts. compared to the past.
To what extent do you agree or Others think that the arts are more What are the causes of
disagree? important. this and what measures
What other measures do you think Discuss both these views and give should be taken to
might be effective? your own opinion. overcome the problem?
Some people think that the function ofstudying history at all levels is to teach
young people about historical facts and information, while others feel that its main
function is to acquaint them with the skills necessary in later life.
Which, in your opinion, should be the main function ofeducation?
2 Read the first part of an answer for the task in exercise 1. Decide which statements 1- 7 are
true about the answer. Give evidence for your answers.
Tvte stuc;{LJ of viLstorLJ -pLC!LJS C!111, LVvt-portC1111,t role L111, tvie ec;{uwho111, -process of C!LL LJOu111,g -peo-pLe . WvtLLe tviere
VvtC!LJ be SOVvte c;{LscussL0111, C!S to Lts VvtC!L111, -pur-pose L111, tvie ec;{uwtL0111, susteVvt, to LVvt-pC!rt k:,111,owLec;{ge or sk:,LLLs
for LLfe, I -perso111,C!LLLJ feeL tviC!t tvie LC!tter Ls Lts VvtC!L111, fuvcchovc, but tviC!t tvie forVvter Ls C!Lso reLeVC!vct.
Tvte stuc;{u of viLstoru couLc;{ 111,ot be Vvl.Ore reLevC1111,t vcOWC!c;{C!tJS to uou111,g -peo-pLe's LLves. TvtLs Ls becC!use tvie
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viLstoru tecicvies tvteVvt . TC!Re for exC!Vvt-pLe Lecir111,L111,g cibout V\OW Cl serLes of evevcts Lvc vtLstoru c;{eveLo-pec;{ C{Vl,c;{
tvieLr subseque111,t LVvt-pC!ct 0111, -peo-pLe's LLves. TvtLs -process CC!vc teC!cvt uouvcg -peo-pLe C!bout tvie covcsequevcces of
CvtC!111,ges C{111,c;{ c;{eveLo-pVvte111,ts, wviLcvt tvieu C,C{VI, tvievc -persovcC!LLze bLJ reLC!hvcg tvteVvt to c;{eveLo-pVvte111,ts Lvc tvieLr
ow 111, LLves.
At tvie SC!Vvte hVvte, fcictuciL LvcforVvtciho111, LLk:,e c;{C1tes, vcC!Vvtes civcc;{ -pLcices CC!vc be Lecirvct to vieL-p -put tvie
c;{eveLo-pVvtevcts L111,to co111,text ci111,c;{ ciLso to -perso111,ciLLze tvie -process. WviLLe LVvt-portC!vct, tviLs cis-pect of Lecir111,Lvcg
C!bout viLstoru Ls of seco111,c;{ciru LVvt-portci111,ce.
Statements
1 Generally speaking, studying history is not important for young people.
2 The fact that people don't agree on the main function of studying history is acknowledged.
3 Acquiring knowledge is more important than learning about processes in studying history.
4 Being an employee nowadays requires more than just knowledge.
5 Studying processes such as urbanization, natural lifecycles or manufacturing products can teach young
people about consequences of events and actions in their lives.
6 The part played by learning historical facts is acknowledged, but it is downplayed.
7 Overall, both sides of the argument are supported equally.
3 Write an introduction and first paragraph supporting the teaching of historical facts.
For further practice, go to the Direct to IELTS website for downloadable worksheets.
IT f for ti
1 Work in groups and describe the photos. Match them to statements 1- 4. Do you agree
with the statements? Why/Why not?
D
q
Questions 1-4
Which of Martha's research habits relate to the following periods?
Write the correct letter, A, B or C, next to questions 1- 4.
A past
B present
C future
Questions 5-7
Complete the flow chart below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.
Advice on doing a journal article search
Search initially for only a few (5) ............................... and then broaden the search if necessary.
Search randomly, but as with targets, set yourself a (6) .............................. and also review your work.
Check the (7) ............................... of articles and check who has quoted the articles.
Organize, reduce time wasting and don't overwhelm yourself with information.
Questions 8-10
Complete the summary below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.
David's essays may receive (8) ............................... , but he feels that he makes work for himself
and ends up struggling with the essay after everyone else has finished. Martha thinks that
David is good at constructing (9) ............................... and usually has very good
(10) ............................... .
5 Look at your notes in exercise 3. How many of your predictions were correct?
2 Work in groups. Match the prepositions to the verbs 1- 15. Think of an example sentence
for at least S of the items. Use a dictionary, if necessary.
in from on with
My brother and I differ greatly. He is quiet and calm, and I am very loud.
3 Complete the sentences using the correct form of the verbs in exercises 1 and 2.
1 Having access to the internet for studying can ................. ..................... in information
overload.
2 To ................. ..... .. .............. in life people need qualifications proving they have the
necessary knowledge and skills.
3 A sedentary lifestyle ......... .............. ............... with modern tllnesses such as obesity and
diabetes .
Unit 3 The age of information
5 Work alone. Write 50- 75 words about the claim you chose. Compare your answer with
your partner.
6 Read the Speaking Part 3 questions below and think how to begin the answer, using the
phrase in brackets. Compare your answer with a partner.
Information and studying
O In what way is technology shaping the way students organize and use information to
prepare themselves for the modern workplace? (benefit from)
Students
nowadays are
benefitting from having the
ability to organize and retrieve
information more easily than previous
generations of students. And this
is off ecting how they work and
develop their ideas.
1 Do you think accessing information and knowledge was the same in the past as it is now?
In what way(s)? (differ from)
2 How do you think people in the future will acquire information and knowledge? (benefit
from)
3 University education is often criticized for teaching knowledge that is irrelevant to the
modern world. How far do you agree? (associate with)
Information overload
4 What advantages have devices such as mobiles and tablets brought to young people?
(result in)
5 With so much information available, is it becoming more difficult for young people ro
specialize in a particular field? (suffer from)
6 Do people in employment and students suffer from information overload? What are the
causes of this development? (stem from)
7 In terms of gaining knowledge, how is the present different from the past for students?
(differ from)
7 Work in groups of three: candidate, examiner and monitor. Take turns to ask and answer
at least three questions from exercise 6. Develop the answers in your own way.
1 Work in pairs. Describe how you think one of the following is developed. Think of at least
5 stages.
1 a n ew car 2 a mobile phone app 3 a TV documentary
2 Complete the following stages in the development of a language app for a mobile phone.
Use the words in the box.
Grammar 1 the ................ of the idea 4 the ................ of the 7 the ................ of the
for the app prototype prototype
focus 2 the ................ of a 5 the ................ of the 8 the ...... .......... of the app
proposal prototype 9 the sale of the app
* To form the passive, 3 the ................ of the 6 t he ................ o f the
we use to be in the proposal prototype
same tense as the
active verb + the past 3 Rewrite the stages in exercise 2 using the present simple passive.
participle of the active
verb. 1 The idea for the opp is conceived.
At the next stage, they 4 Work in pairs and compare your answers. Describe what happens at each stage, using
design the car. (active) exercises 2 and 3 to help you.
At the next stage, the car
is designed. (passive) S Describe the diagram for Writing Task 1 below in your own words.
* When you describe
natural and
manufactu'r,ing You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
processes, it is
common to use the
The diagram below shows how a lariguage app for a mobile phone and tablet is made.
passive voice without Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make
an agent. This is comparisons where relevant.
becaus~ yoy are only Write at least at least 150 words.
interest~d in the
stages of the process
rather than the person
or agent who
performed the action.
If the person or agent
is important, you can
mention them at the
end of the sente~~e,
introduced with by.
conception
testing of prototype _
~-
r 17".A"-:250
e - a= a
I
-
~
i o -= o = o ...r :\
o =- o - • "'="
1
l
(1 - o -a-
=3
Collection
Pine
for recycling
thinnings
After
De-barking
drum
to paper .. . to paper
Cleaning and
1
fine screening
Thermomechanical
Unit 3 The age of information
1 Work in groups and discuss the effect of the following on your life and studies.
• the modern informatio n age • fas t read ing
• slow reading • jumping from o n e web page to
another
2 Work in pairs. Divide the text into two and select at least 5 words or phrases which your
partner can scan for. Then work out the meaning of the words and phrases you chose.
Questions 6-10
Look at the following statements (questions 6- 10) and the list of writers below.
Match each statement with the correct writer(s), A-D. You may use any letter more than
once.
6 Reading gives readers the opportunity to find things by accident.
7 Slow reading is a way for readers co establish links with the people who live around chem.
8 Our ability to gather facts together and then synthesize them is disappearing.
9 Rather than being about releasing the reader's creative ability, slow reading is connected
with revealing the writer's.
10 For readers to combine a writer's ideas with their own, slow reading is required.
6 Write three sentences about your own country, talking about recent changes, wh a t the
changes a re linked to and the possible ca uses and effects of the changes. Compare your
answers 1n pairs.
1 Work in groups. List the similarities and differences b etween writing tasks A and B below.
Compa re your answers with another group.
A
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Over the pastfew decades, with the help ofthe internet an unimaginable amount of
information has become widely available to the general public.
What do you think are the advantages and disadvantages ofthis development?
Give reasons for your answer arid include any relevant examples from you r own
knowled ge and experien ce.
Write at least 250 words.
B You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Over the past few decades, with the help ofthe internet an unimaginable
amount ofinformation has become widely available to the general public.
In what ways has having more information available affected people's lives?
Is this a positive or negative development?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your
own knowledge and experience.
Write at least 250 words.
2 Work in groups. Look at the following ideas, which are sorted into positive and negative.
Decide whether they relate to writing task A, B or A and B. Add ideas of your own.
Positive Negative
1 useful for students 1 being overwhelmed by information
2 accessible information 2 not being able to di scriminate between information
3 lots of information available 3 not having time to check wheth er the information is true
4 saves time and energy 4 not having time to understand fully
5 convenient 5 not being able to read and examine the information closely
6 efficient 6 difficulty making choices
7 lack of skills at sifting and organizing informa tion
3 Decide which writing task in exercise 1 the summary below relates to.
1 Introduction stating the focus of your essay:
Recent years have seen/ increasing volumes of knowledge/public domain/ such a flood
of information/ impact on people's lives/ positively/ negatively/ but harmful trend
2 Introduce a positive effect: accessible information
3 Introduce a negative effect: b eing overwhelmed by information
4 Introduce another negative effect: not being able to read and exa mine the information
closely
5 State whether the development is positive or not: some po sitive/ but largely dangerous
trend
6 Write a conclusion about positive/ n egative effects/impact/ increasing volumes of
knowledge
4 Write an introduction and conclusion for the summary in exercise 3 using the notes
provided, or your own words.
6 Write at least 250 words for writing task Bin exercise 1. Use the summary in exercise 3 to
help you.
2 Match t he verbs in the box to the processes 1-5. You can use the verbs more than once.
Then write about the stages of one process using the verbs.
1 3
preparmg an 5
the creation of a
information leaflet on health the creation of a
web page
select (information), garden
write, ... 2 4
writing a the carrying out of
newspaper article a research project
3 Write down the stages involved in recycling a computer. Change the verbs into noun
phrases.
For further practice, go to the Direct to IELTS website for downloadable worksheets.
4 Leisu.r e an·d the env~ronme t
2 Do any of the activities in the photos have an impact on the environment? If so, how?
3 Answer the questions below using an adjective or noun plus the word leisure or entertainment.
If necessary, use the words in the upside-down box below.
O What do you call time people have for leisure? leisure time
1 What do you call a place where people watch something and enjoy themselves?
2 What do you call activities that people pursue in their free time?
3 What is the term for a place to which people go to do sport?
4 What is the sector of the economy devoted to people's enjoyment called?
S What is the term for entertainment tha t takes place outside in public places?
6 What kind of entertainment is not too heavy or serious?
7 What do you call things that you buy for use in the gym or on the beach?
8 What kind of amusement is enjoyed by people generally?
)U;JlUUlE)J;J)U;J );J;JJ)S
spoo~ ;JJnSl;Jl S)JnSJnd/ s;iJ)IAIDE ;JJTISl;Jl Will :nos1:;i1 )U;JlUU!E)J;J)U;J 1-e1ndod
;JnU;JA)U;JlUUIE)J;J)U;J )U;JlUUIE)J;J)U;J )l.{~lj AJ)Snpm )U;JWU!E)l;J)U;J
Light entertainment such as musicals are hugely enjoyable because they are light
and do not need much effort.
1 ... such as hobbies like ... is/ are really relaxing.
2 ... bring(s) enjoyment to a lot of people.
3 ... increase(s) people's general well-being by ...
4 ... provide(s) young people with exciting opportunities ...
S ... such as shopping ...
6 ... make(s) free time ...
7 ... can make ...
Unit 4 Leisure and the environment
7 Work in pairs or small groups. Swap your sentences and take turns to ask and answer
questions about them.
WvitJ
Dio t)Ol,{ tvi~V'vf'<, ... ?
1 Work in pairs. Discuss what you would describe for the task card below.
1 Work in pairs. Read the questions relating to 'Leisure time' b elow. Discuss possible
answers, giving examples, reasons and purposes. Then cake turns co ask a nd answer the
ques tions.
Leisure time
Do you think it's good to have days off during the week? Why/ Why not?
In terms o f relaxation, is it better to have long or short breaks from work?
What are the ben efits o f going away fo r long breaks?
Time and work
Which sho uld be m ore important to people: earning money or having time to spend with
friends and family?
People seem to spend more hours at work than in the pasr. Why do you think this is?
How can work affect people's leisure time?
2 Change partners and take turns to answer both sets of questions. Give each other
feedback about d eveloping the answers using examples, reasons and pur poses.
IELTS Listening Section 4
1 Work in groups. Use the headings in 1- 10 below to predict the contents of the talk.
2 Decide what type of answer is required for 1-10 below: a noun, an adjective, a noun phrase Listening Section 4 is
or a number. usually a monologue
of a talk or a
3 (!} 1.7 Listen and answer questions 1- 10. Check your answers in pairs and make presentation.
corrections. Sometimes there may
be a presenter
Questions 1-1 0 introducing a speaker.
Complete the notes below. Note there is no break
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS OR A NUMBER for each answer. in the middle of the
listening test as in the
LEISURE AND ENTERTAINMENT other three listening
sections. Also, the
content is more
formal than the other
three sections.
JELTS WritingTask 1
1 Work in groups. Discuss which of the situations in the photos is likely to put the most
pressure on the environment in the future .
2 Find three sentences below which do not contain the simple future with will. Decide
whether it is possible to rewrite them using the simple future with will, and whether this
changes the meaning.
1 Entertainment will become more important in our lives in the future than now.
2 It is expected that the number of tourists will continue to increase.
3 There is a chance that leisure pursuits such as outdoor skiing will have disappeared by the
Grammar middle of the century.
focus 4 It is forecast that leisure time will decrease as people are forced to work longer.
S The characters in video games are projected to become almost lifelike in the very near
* To form the future future.
simple we use will/shall
+ infinitive without to.
6 In the future, people will be transported to the moon for holidays.
We use it to express 7 The world will have changed dramatically by the end of the century.
predictions and
speculations about 3 Make predictions about the future using these notes. When you have completed the
the future. sentences, discuss with a partner whether they surprise you or not.
* To form the future 1 According UN/ global population/ to between 7.8 and 10.5 billion people/ 2050
continuous we use will 2 Egypt's population/ and the populations of Ethiopia/ Sudan/ the remaining countries/ Nile
+ be + present basin/ project/ double by 2050
participle. We use it
3 UK/ population/ to 73 million/ 2050/ according/ Office for National Statistics
to describe an action
in progress in the 4 As urban areas, particularly smaller towns and cities/continue grow/ size/ about 5 billion
future. people/ expect/ live/ cities/ by 2030
* To form the future 4 Read the writing task below and look at the table. Then complete the sentences.
perfect we use will/
shall+ have + past
participle. We use it The table below shows the projected demand in hectares for developed land for
to describe an action various purposes in England between 2011 and 2030.
that will be completed Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and
by a certain time in make comparisons where relevant.
the future.
2 What steps can tour operators and individuals take to reduce this impact?
3 In which part of the text you would expect to find the solutions to a problem: the
beginning, middle or end? W hy?
The impact of snow-dependent vegetation growth. Watercourses may be modified through the
recreational activities creation of channels from repeated sledding, skiing and use of
snow transport vehicles and the development of artificial slopes.
While many of the good Excessive water use for snow making machines can also alter
environmental practices for natural water flows .
promoting sustainable mountain
tourism involve avoiding or Heavy use can reduce habitat a nd food sources for local fauna ,
minimizing negative impacts to and cause wildlife to relocate. Animals are also likely to relocate
ecosystems, tour operators can away from areas adjacent to snow-based activities, as they are
also go beyond simply reducing loud, abrupt and involve fas t movements. Species may also be
negative impacts and seek affected by predation or competition through the introduction of
opportunities to benefit exotic flo ra or fauna species carried on equipment, clothing,
biodiversity and nature transport vehicles or sled"~nimals.
conservation efforts by Poorly positioned artificially created slopes (for downhill skiing
contributing to improving the state in particular) and associated infrastructure often involve the
of the environment at a local, clearing of large areas of already sparsely distributed vegetation.
regional or national level. Such Many alpine ecosystems are small and concentrated in
actions can be particularly particular geographic areas, and this clearing can easily lead to
important in countries or regions significant reductions in biodiversity and habitat, as well as
where capacity and resources for remove natural barriers and protection from avalanches .
environmental conservation may Land-clearing for associated tourism infrastructure such as
be limited. lodges, accommodation, restaurants and entertainment also
Snow-dependent recreational activities include cross-country, contributes to the problem.
downhill and glacier skiing, heli-skiing, snow scootering, There are many reasons why tour operators should care about
snowboarding, tobogganing, snowshoe walking and sledding. the mountain environment. The high concentration and number
The mountain areas that support these activities often contain of visitors and levels of noise and activity that often result from
the most fragile ecosystems, with many unique species snow-based activities and infrastructure can detract from the
requiring specific environmental conditions and relying on natural landscape, serenity, seclusion and "wildness" of
sparse habitat and food sources. Even small changes in mountain areas that attract many visitors to these areas.
landscape contours, vegetation coverage and distribution, Secondly, low-pollution and trash-free environments are more
natural water flows , or soil, air and water quality can have attractive to all visitors and higher levels of vegetative cover will
significant effects on habitat, wildlife and species diversity. protect habitats, improve the visual attractiveness of areas, and
increase natural protection against avalanches. Likewise, the
In the highest mountain ecosystems, snow cover protects the loss or relocation of flora and fauna as a result of the effects of
vegetation below it to some extent. However, repeated, harsh or snow-based activities will reduce the opportunity for all visitors
intensive use of the same areas or areas with minimal snow to see and experience mountain wildlife.
cover can easily damage the sensitive vegetation beneath,
inhibiting growth and recovery in already short growing Tour operators can take a range of steps to lessen the impact of
seasons. Such areas are also vulnerable to soil compaction, tourists on the mountain environment. For example, to help
which makes surfaces more impermeable and creates greater preserve the environment the use of motorized transport should
surface water runoff, leading to erosion and inhibiting be minimized and sharing transport vehicles and infrastructure
Unit 4 Leisure and the environment :
with other tour operators or accommodation providers should To maintain tour business revenue and viability, operators may
also be considered. It is also possible for accommodation and need to consider decreasing their dependence on snow-based
transport providers to demonstrate good energy, waste and activities and diversifying tours to include non-snow-based
water practices (particularly for snow making). To prevent nature and adventure activities. High-quality and unique
contamination, all trash where possible could be taken away mountain landscapes, flora and fauna are a direct asset for the
with the travellers and sled animals, and equipment and development of such nature-based activities. They also support
clothing kept free of seeds and other exotic organisms. On its the well-being and lifestyle of local communities. Nature-based
ski-mountaineering trips across South Georgia Island, for and cultural activities can supplement and diversify tour
example, Geographic Expeditions requires that all waste be products and can provide revenue all year around .
carried out in heavy-duty plastic bags on sleds and disposed of
on the ships that support the expedition.
5 Before you check your answers, discuss them in pairs. If you disagree, check the evidence
in the text. Then compare your answers with other students.
Unit 4 Leisure and the environment
2 Work in pairs. De~ide what the purpose of the following leisure pursuits is. Add other
possible pursuits.
1 playing board games
2 watching TV
3 going on holidays entertainment
4 playing team sports
5 going to concerts
6 going hill walking team-
7 reading building finding
8 socializing out about different
health cultures
9 playing video games
and fitness
3 Work in pairs. Decide which statements contain a purpose and underline the word(s) that
introduce(s) the purpose.
1 The government needs to subsidize leisure centres so that people will be encouraged to
adopt a more active lifestyle.
2 Chess is a useful activity for elderly people as it helps them to keep mentally active.
3 To bring performances such as plays and musical concerts to a wider public, they should
be supported financially by the government.
4 People, especially young people, should be educated about the benefits of sport in order
to help promote fitness and reduce health costs.
5 Free access to gyms could be made available to the public for a period of time such as a
week or a month so as to attract people to such facilities .
6 People can be encouraged to relax by listening to music.
7 Promoting involvement in our-of-school games is beneficial for young people.
8 Tourists travel abroad to have a break and relax.
9 Leisure breaks should be taxed to discourage overuse of air travel.
10 People often participate in evening classes such as drama and music classes in order to
meet new friends as well as to learn something.
4 Discuss Writing Task 2 at the top of page 51. Answer the following questions.
1 What is the main purpose of subsidizing entertainment and leisure facilities?
2 Are there other purposes? If so , what are they?
3 Is using subsidies in this way beneficial? How? To whom? Give reasons and examples.
4 How could such subsidies be harmful?
5 Could other methods be used to achieve the purposes mentioned in 1 and 2 above? If so,
what? Give reasons and examples.
6 What is the impact of not subsidizing entertainment and leisure facilities?
7 Could the money be better spent on other areas? If so, how?
8 To what extent do you agree with the statement in the task?
Unit 4 Leisure and the environment ' -
S Write an introduction for the writing task in exercise 4 using the items below or your own
ideas. Then write three topic sentences to begin the three main body paragraphs of the
answer.
supporting activities such as entertainment and leisure pursuits
using public money
wasteful
A topic sentence
I accept ...
summarizes the main
finan cial help idea of a paragraph .
lead to Use a topic sentence
a lack of appreciation of the facilities provided at the beginning of a
paragraph to show
clearly
what the paragraph is
many benefits about. Then use
financial subsidies examples and reasons
to support your topic
6 Work in pairs. Give reasons and examples for each topic sentence in exercise 5. Compare , sentence.
your answers with other students.
2 Match each photo to as many of the purposes 1- 8 as possible. Compare and discuss your
answers with other students.
1 to enjoy themselves S to keep themselves physically and
2 to meet new friends mentally fit
3 so t hat they can learn something 6 to improve people's general health
4 to improve the quality of their lives 7 to promote well-being
8 to relax
A: 1,2,4,5,6,7, 8
1 Last week I cooked a delicious meal for my parents. It was much cheaper than the meal
I prepared for them last month - I bought that from a takeaway!
2 Compare your activities with at least one other student.
· Review
1 Work in groups. Prepare at least three questions about topics 1-4. Use the prompts below.
Do you think ... ?
In terms of ... , do you think ... ?
Some people think that ... What is your opinion?
Why do you think ... ?
How does/ do ... ?
What are the main (benefits/ effects/ causes) ... ?
What is the main purpose of ... ?
1 Work in pairs. Look at the table and write one sentence for each age group and 'All ages'.
It is predicted that the 0-14 age group will increase in size from 10.872 million in 2010
to 12.117 million in 2035.
2 Work in groups. Discuss the impact of the
population increase on one or more of the following.
• the environment
• people's personal space
• stress levels
• pollution
• food and water
• open spaces for recreation and leisure
2 Discuss and then answer two or more of the IELTS Speaking Part 1 questions below.
1 Do you try to maintain a healthy lifestyle? How? Why?
IELTS Speaking Part 1
2 Is it difficult to try to keep healthy? Why?
lasts 4-5 minutes. The
candidate and 3 What is the main purpose of keeping healthy?
examiner introduce 4 Is there anything that you do which you think is not healthy? If so, what?
themselves and the S What could you do to be healthier?
candidate's name is
checked . The 3 Decide whether the words in the box are nouns, verbs or adjectives and then use them to
examiner then asks complete the sentences. Check your answers with a partner.
questions about the
candidate's family, se rvice care financed ear ing way educarion lifesryle
home, work, hobbies economic ex p endirure public
and a wide range of
topics of general
interest. You are not 1 Healthy .................. ... ....... .... ....... is one factor involved in maintaining a healthy
expected to give long ............................ ........ ... of living.
detailed answers in 2 Health ... ............. ....................... needs to take place at an early age, in fact, as early as
this part as there isn't primary school.
enough time. 3 To promote a healthy ............ ........ .......... ... ...... , fatty foods should be banned in schools
and work canteens.
4 The cost of health ........................... ............ systems is increasing around the world.
S Running a health ....................................... absorbs considerable funds in many countries,
but it is worthwhile expenditure.
6 The ................... .................. .. health of a country depends on human resources as much as
material wealth such as oil and minerals.
7 Should healthcare systems be .................... .................. . by the public or by the private
sector?
8 The health .... ................................... in some countries far exceeds that in other countries.
9 .... .. ............... ..... ..... ........ health is concerned with the well-being of the general population.
Unit 5 A healthy world
S Work in groups of three. Each choose one statement from exercise 4 and lead a discussion
about the statement.
2 Compare your answers with another pair of students. Give at least one reason why you
consider each activity to be healthy.
3 Spend one minute making notes for one of the task cards below.
Keep your notes fo a
A B maximum of 12 ...
ds.,1,Use inc;li~id.~ sJ-1
::~
Describe a leisure activity you do Describe a leisure activity you do or
which you consider to be healthy. ;, you used to do which you consider to
" be unhealthy.
You should say:
what the leisure activity is You should say:
when and where you do the leisure what the leisure activity is W to organize your noi;e,s
[· so you can glanee at
activity when and where you did the I them easily while
who you do the leisure activity leisure activity .· speaking.
with who you did the leisure activity
and explain why you consider the with
leisure activity to be healthy. and explain why you consider the
leisure activity to be unhealthy.
4 Compare your notes and your organizational strategy with a student who chose the same
card. Take turns to talk about the card for two minutes. Give feedback on your partner's
reasons and the organization of the answer. '
Unit 5 A healthy world
~~h;r:~it
; i'1 1~t~jt.
0
listening'lind readiiig
3
4
What do you think the caller was asked in question 1?
Who do you think gives the information in question 2?
5 What do you chink is the most likely answer for question 3, considering volunteers will be
" modu les..!1!mpro.~jr,g new to the organization?
your prediction ·skills
will help you build a 2 Work in pairs and compare your answers. Then ask each other questions about questions
nil general pi~turefi<:j}ia 4-6.
·r~ or a copiB or ansJrr.
When y6u predict 3 (!} 1.8 Listen and answer questions 1-10.
11 i(WOU do nothaVe tbs
be correct. Note Questions 1-3
there is a difference.
Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.
mhecween '~uessing'
and predicting. O What does the caller want co talk about? 2 How many volunteer programmes are
_5:::iuessing is to do, @ an advert for volunteers there?
,,i'y..iith sele'eting
B the travel expenses for volunteers A three
something without B four
f~ inking, and C the location of the offices
C five
predicting is giving an 1 The caller saw the advert
answer based on
A on a website. 3 The first volunteer scheme involves
one's OVi!p knowlgdge A dealing with telephone enquiries.
·! nd the informi tion
0 B in the local paper.
B answering members' letters.
available. C in a shop window.
C keeping a database up-to-date.
Questions 4-6
Answer the questions below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
4 What do volunteers help raise in scheme two?
5 What can volunteers do for old people in scheme three?
6 What do volunteers not deal with?
Questions 7-10
Complete the sentences below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.
Application process
7 With the application, a CV and the names of ............................... are needed.
8 Volunteers have an induction course which lasts a ............................... .
9 The application can be completed and submitted ............................... .
10 The minimum volunteering hours per week is ............................... .
Reaction
y ou c lil111,
4 Work in groups. Is volunteering a good thing to do? voLu111,teeY- to vieL-p tvie
Why/Why not? What other types of volunteering can el/\,v~y-o111,Vv1.e111,t, ...
you do?
Unit 5 A healthy world
1 (!} 1.9 Listen to a student answering a question about health in the future and answer
the questions.
1 What is the examiner's first question?
2 Is the candidate sure about the near and distant future? How does the candidate show this?
3 What is the examiner's second question?
4 Does the candidate express his prediction about the future?
2 Decide whether the sentences express necessity/ lack of necessity, (weak) possibility,
probability, certainty or impossibility.
O The world might be free of stress in the future. weak possibil it y
1 It's likely that children will be encouraged to do more exercise at school in future
2 Too many adverts about food on TV may be harmful to people's h ealth.
3 Governments need to invest more money in h ealthcare.
4 In 50 years' time, food shortages should be a thing of the past.
5 In future, the world could be more worried about the lack of clean water than oil.
6 Cities will definitely be more overcrowded than now at the end of the century.
7 It will be impossible for people to become ill in the near future.
8 In the distant future, people will not need to work.
9 Working less can reduce stress and make people happier.
3 Where possible, rewrite the sentences in exercise 2 using the phrases in the box. There may
be more than one answer.
It is possible that ... will it will be possible for it will be impossible for
it is likely/ unlikely/ probable/ certain that ... will
it won't be necessary for
4 Write sentences expressing your opinion about the predictions 1-7. Use the modal verbs
in exercise 2 and the phrases in exercise 3. Include a suitable time expression, e.g. in the near
future, in ten years' time, in the distant future.
1 Robots will look after children and old 4 People will no longer work.
people. 5 We will live in a stress-free world.
2 Machines will replace doctors and 6 People will live twice as long as today.
nurses.
7 Machines will repair people's bodies in
3 All medicines will be free. their homes.
5 Think of one idea for each question below.
Diet and exercise
Do you think people worry too much about diet and exercise n owadays? Why/ Why n ot?
Some people think that each individual has a responsibility to look after his/her h ealth. How
far do you agree?
How can people be encouraged to take more exercise?
1 Work in pairs and read the writing tasks A-C. Decide which one
1 asks you to give your opinion about a statement.
2 asks you to choose between two alternatives.
3 presents you with two views and asks you to discuss both of them and give your own
op1n10n.
A Some people think that B Some people feel that C Some people think that the healthcare
healthcare should be healthcare provision system should focus on curing disease
free for everyone and should be free, while and illnesses. Others believe that the true
that it should not others believe that function of a healthcare system should be
depend on people's healthcare should be to prevent diseases and illnesses through
ability to pay. paid for by the health education and preventive
To what extent do you individual. measures.
agree or disagree? Discuss both views and What, in your opinion, should be the
give your own opinion. main function of a healthcare system?
Plan
6 Write a sentence for each item in the plan in exercise 5. Add ideas and any specific examples
where appropriate, using such as, like, for instance.
1 There is no doubt that free healthcare is essential because it is a basic human
right, just like education.
7 Compare your sentences with the rest of the class.
8 Write an answer for Writing Task 2 below.
IELTS Reading
Questions 1-6
The reading passage has ten paragraphs, A-J.
Which paragraph contains the following information?
1 various potential uses of epidermal electronics with future additions
2 examples of trials on epidermal electronic devices
3 a criticism of early examples of electronic gadgets
4 the function of human skin
S the possibility oflight health sensors
6 how epidermal electronic gadgets can be covered up
Questions 7-10
Classify the following statements as referring to
A circuit components B elastomer C circuit arrangement
7 It can be used on any part of the skin.
8 The size has been reduced to match the structure of the skin.
9 The maximum elasticity is maintained.
10 Little force is needed to ensure adhesion to the skin.
Questions 11-13
Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage? Write:
TRUE ifthe statem ent agrees with the information
FALSE ifthe statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
11 Siegfried Bauer doubts whether skin electronics have any useful function to perform in
the medical field.
12 Solar cells are a possible energy source for the devices in the future.
13 Rogers plans to conduct further research into the rela tionship between biology and
electronics.
Reaction
4 Work in pairs. Discuss whether you think the devices described in the reading passage
have potential for use in the future, inside and outside the medical field.
Unit 5 A healthy world
1 Study Writing Task 1 below and locate information related to the following in the chart.
1 the main differen ce between the boys and the girls
2 the main similarity between each age group in b oys and girls
3 the trend related to age for each year in boys and girls
4 the trend related to years in both age groups
5 the high est consumption in girls and boys
Boys Girls
50
40 • Age 11
• Age 13
30
• Age 15
20
10
2001 - 02 2005- 06 200 1- 02 2005- 06
4 Add data from the chart to at least two of the sentences in exercise 3.
a Among boys and girls alike for both years, the younger children are, the more fruit
they eat, just over 35 per cent and 36 per cent and approximately 40 per cent and
45 per cent respectively.
S Write an introduction using these words.
chart information propornon children age group gender
consume fruit two periods
6 Write an answer for Writing Task 1 below. When you have finished, swap your answer with
a partner. Underline the number of comparisons your partner makes.
Germany @•@
Denmark
Estonia
EU
· 3.3 France
Ireland
United Kingdom
7 Check your answer for mistakes and then make a checklist of the features of your answer.
Work in pairs and take turns to describe your answer using the checklist.
• paraphrase of the introduction
• examples of data
• companson
•
Writing bank: page 113
Review
Vocabulary: Collocations related to health
1 Complete the sentences in your own words. Then compare your answers with another
student.
1 In order to promote a healthy lifestyle among .. .
2 The best way to keep health costs down is to ...
3 It is likely that healthcare in the future ...
4 Health professionals such as doctors and nurses should be paid more than ...
5 Healthcare should be financed by ...
6 Running a health service requires .. .
7 The economic health of any country ...
8 Health expenditure in my country ...
2 Write five sentences about your own lifestyle. Explain them to a partner.
2 Work in pairs. Take turns to say the sentences or your answers in exercise 1. Your partn·e r
then transforms the sentence.
3 Write at least three sentences about possible developments in your country in the near
future or distant future. Write about health, transport, education or technology.
Some people think that healthcare systems should focus on curing disease and
illnesses. Others believe that the true function ofa healthcare system should be to
prevent diseases and illnesses through health education and preventive measures.
What, in your opinion, should be the main function ofa healthcare system?
quicker
le'is expensive
ih
4 Write a paragraph supporting either prevention or cure. Use the adjectives and ideas
above, or your own ideas.
O For further practice, go to the Direct to IELTS website for downloadable worksheets.
Srh~ping the world ~nd beyond
Vocabulary: Words related to space and place
1 Work in groups. Describe the photos A- D and explain how they are linked to the title of
the unit. Give examples from your own country and experience.
3 Work in pairs and compare your answers. Then answer three of the questions giving
reasons and examples. Compare your answers with another pair.
4 Make adjectives from the alternatives in exercise 2. Use these endings: -al, -ious, -y, -t, -ed, -ly,
-tic, -atic. You may not be able to use all the alternatives.
1 roomy, spacious
S (I} 1.1 0 Complete the dialogue in your own words. Then listen and check your answers.
Examiner: Do you think we rely (1) .... ................... ............ ... . such as satellites?
Candidate: Yes, I think there is a tendency to do so. For example, if the
(2) .. ............. ........... ........... .. on cars or a communication satellite broke down for a long time,
it would have a huge impact on social order. It would result not only in financial costs for
businesses, but it could also lead to loss oflife and (3) ...... .................................. In fact, I think
it would be (4) ................. ..... ................. .
Examiner: In what way?
Candidate: Well, while GPS systems are not used that much in my country,
(5) ............. .............. ........... . would be affected and maybe other communications, so
supermarkets might not be able to order food , which could lead to (6) ............ .... ................. ..... ,
and people in (7) ..... ..... .. ........................... might be cut off. I think we should always .. .
6 Work in groups and discuss one of the following, giving reasons and examples. Compare
your ideas with groups who chose a similar item.
• an example of a network o r system rhat you use frequently
• an example of chaos when a system or n etwork broke down
Unit 6 Shaping the world and be~ond
2 Work in pairs. Take turns to ask and answer your questions from exercise 1.
Ii .
ft~:~t nt~:: ;~ch.o ol,
~ g. sctl!nce groups
3 Work in pairs and discuss how one or more of the types of teams/ groups below affect
people's lives. l a ~·ing ¢xpe~inients; o r
i! tgams you would li ke
I
I•
• space scientists c'~"work with, e.g.
• computer software d esigners scientists de,~igning
• research scientists robots'o r space
r!:)ckets.
• engineers
4 Work in pairs and discuss the task card below. Use the notes 1- 3
to make lists. Compare your answers with other students.
1 Scan questions 1- 10 below and find evidence for a- g. Compare your answers in pairs and
discuss what you think the listening will be about.
a T he listening section is about organizing some kind of event.
b Money is discussed.
c There are plans to invite large numbers of p eople
d Different parts of the school buildings are going
to be used for specific purposes.
e The organization of the event is divided among
different teams.
f The teams have different targets.
g The targets have deadlines.
Questions 1-3
Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.
1 The running costs for the celebration have been exceeded by
A B C
Questions 4-6
What does the speaker say each of the locations is going to be used for?
Write the correct letter A, B or C next to questions 4- 6.
A for student work and college 4 sports block
displays S arts block
B for refreshments 6 scien ce block
C for organizations from outside
the college
Questions 7-10
Complete the table below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS OR A NUMBER fo r each answer.
Grammar focus
* To form the passive, we use to be 1n the same tense as the active verb+ the past participle of the
active verb.
Scientists help society enormously. (active) Society is helped enormously by scientists. (passive)
* We use the passive to focus on the action, rather than the person doing the action. We also use the
passive when we do not know or it is not important who the person doing the action is.
* We do not use intransitive verbs in the passive. The spaceship rose into the sky. NOT The spaceship was
risen into the sky.
* We do not use stative verbs like look, have, seem in the passiye. The astronaut looks worried: NOT The
astronaut is looked worried.
1 The maps show changes in the area around Welton between 1995 and 2012. Make a list of
changes between the two maps.
+
space
centre school -t-
farmland
farmland farmland
2 Decide which sentences below contain factual mistakes. Then correct them. Compare
your answers in pairs.
1 The town increased in size slightly with the forest in the southwest almost disappearing.
2 The hospital north of the river was turned into a space theme park.
3 Some of the farmland south of the river vanished.
4 Some of the farmland made way for the construction of science laboratories, and some
for the construction of a science academy.
5 A bridge was built across the river linking the new developments in the south to the
north.
6 The lake remained the same, but in 2012 it is partially surrounded by the village.
7 Part of the forest was given over to the creation of a sports complex. .
8 The area changed beyond all recognition with the expansion of the space centre and
additional facilities and the disappearance oflarge parts of the farmland and the forest.
Unit 6 Shaping the world and be)1olild
3 Identify the verbs in the sentences in exercise 2. Decide whether they are transitive or
intransitive. Decide which verbs can be used both transitively and intransitively. Grammar
Transitive: A bridge was built ... focus
Intransitive: The town increased in size slightly
* Transitive verbs are
4 Write sentences about the following. always followed by an
object. The scientists
1 an introduction mentioning the transformation of the area built a new space rocket.
2 the replacement of the school with the space museum * Intransitive verbs do
3 the shrinking of the forest to construct the science academy and the sports complex not have an object.
south of the river The transformation
4 the expansion of Welton space centre in the northwest by 2012 occurred very slowly.
* Some verbs are both
5 Follow the same procedure as in exercise 1 for the maps below. transitive and
intransitive. The
6 Write an answer for Writing Task 1 below. astronauts flew the
spaceship to Mars.
(transitive) The
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. spaceship flew across the
The diagrams below show the transformation ofthe area around sky. (intransitive)
Tumbledown between 1995 and 2010.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main
features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
,,
'
Tumbledown, 1995 Tumbledown, 2010 N
t
park
farmhouse
wood
farmland
seience l'aboratories
• Does the introduction paraphrase the • Have you used transitive and intransitive
rubric? verbs correctly?
• Have you used paragraphs? • Have you used the passive correctly?
• Have you written at least 150 words? • Have you ch ecked the answer for
mistakes?
Additional material: page 107
Unit 6 Shaping the world and beyond
IELTS Reading
- .......--------------------~~~~~~~~~~-
1 Read the title of the reading passage. Discuss questions 1-4 in groups.
1 There is an enormous amount of debris in space around the earth. Where do you think it
comes from?
2 What do you chink happens when fragments of the debris collide just like cars?
3 How do you think the debris in space can be got rid of?
4 Do you chink the debris could be dangerous? How?
2 Skim the passage and the questions that follow and check your answers in exercise 1.
3 Think of at least one synonym of the words debris, fragments, dangerous.
Questions 1-6
Complete the summary below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Floating debris
Around the earth there is a (1) ........................................ of space rubbish consisting of disused
satellites and rocket parts along with pieces of broken spacecraft of varying sizes, flying around
earth at (2) ......................................... NASA monitors a large number of the of bigger
(3) ........................................ , as collision with one of them can destroy a
(4) ........................................ , at huge cost. In addition, the impact can lead to the creation of many
(5) ........................................ , which in turn makes the (6) ...... ....... ....... .................... worse.
Questions 7-10
Complete the flow chart below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Satellite cleanup
~-ch_an_g_e_in_r_h_e_d_i_r_ec_t_i_o_n_t_o_t_h_a_t_o_f~th_e_o_b_je_c_t_'s_(_7_)_._.._.. _.. _..._.._.._.._.. _.. _..._.._.._.._.. _.. _.. __J~ use of new type of motor
near target moving at speeds of28 000 km/h and 630-750 km high
very dangerous operation if
satellite is rotating
(8) ................................... and .... ............................... the target
a (9) ................................... ..
being developed to enable
(10) ................................... with the satellite craft to do this
Questions 11-14
Do the following statements agree with the information in the reading passage?
Write:
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GNEN ifthere is no information on this
11 There will be only one type of clean-up satellite produced in future.
12 The smaller particles of debris in space are moving faster than the bigger ones.
13 Collisions between debris and working satellites are likely to become more common.
14 !tis possible for even the smallest pieces of debris created by collisions to cause problems
m space.
,,,.,,,~Unit 6 Sh.={ping the worlo and beyono
3 Identify the causes and effects in the sentences below. Then rewrite the sentences using
the words and phrases in brackets. Compare your answers with a partner.
1 The sharing of technology between the different companies resulted in considerable cost
savings. (resulted from)
2 Early advances in science by people like Aristotle led to many discoveries we take for
granted today. (were brought about by)
3 The scientific knowledge in many countries is developed by international collaboration.
(shapes)
4 The choice oflocation for new science and engineering companies is often influenced by
considerations such as the availability of skilled workers. (have an impact on)
5 The present world has been shaped enormously by the thinking and writing of many
scientists such as Einstein and Stephen Hawking. (considerable influence over)
6 The establishment of new industries such as software companies can transform the
economy for the better. (improve)
7 The building of a new science complex had a positive impact on the behaviour of young
people in the community as employment increased. (made better)
8 It has been suggested that the internet is altering the way users think. (is being affected)
4 Think about three recent events that have made your life better/ easier.
buying a piece of technology, learning to use something, meeting someone
5 Work in pairs. Take turns to describe the three events, giving reasons. Talk for a maximum
of four minutes each.
O Read more about cause and effect verbs and nouns in the online Grammar Reference.
1 Work in pairs. Think of one idea for each of the two views in the writing task below.
Some people think that it is wrongfor humans to search for new worlds in space when we
have so many problems on our own planet. Others believe such searches help mankind to
,develop.
to~tecr1eF, usually
linking,devices such as
Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
because, while, although.
Note that complex 3 an example from your own country or
2 For each of your ideas, provide
does ..ni;itmean part of the world
co;,pliltkef,ql ' 1 a purpose or reason
4 a reservation you have about the idea
2 an impact of the idea
5 a conclusion
Unit 6 Shaping the world and beyond
1 If new technologies such as new materials or medical applications that can be used
in medical treatment are discovered while developing spacecraft, life on earth can be
improved. because the quality of people's lives everywhere will be enhanced.
7 Work in pairs. Note down ideas for each of the two views below very quickly.
Then do the same for vour own opinion.
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.
Write about the following topic:
Some people think that we should be more careful about sending satellites into space because Write five paragraphs:
they show where we are in the universe and we may attract the attention ofdangerous aliens. an introduction , a
Others believe that contact with other species may bring enormous benefits to humanity. body paragraph for
view 1, a body
Discuss both views and give your own opinion. paragraph for view 2,
a paragraph for your
own opinion and a
8 Write an answer for Writing Task 2 in exercise 7. conclusion .
Writing bank: page 115
Useful
language
Some people feel ...
Others feel ...
The former/latter view
is more acceptable.
Personally, I feel/
believe ...
Review
Vocabulary: Words related to space and place
1 Work alone and name
1 a system that you use every day.
2 a place in the solar system that you would like to visit, if you could.
3 a technology network that you use more now than in the past.
4 an example of a type of infrastructure that will benefit from space research.
5 a landscape in a science-fiction film that you liked or disliked.
6 a location that is special, because it seems from another world.
2 Write three questions you would like to answer about one of the answers in exercise 1.
1 Why do you use this system? Do you think it is necessary in your life/in people's
lives in general? How easy is it to use the system?
3 Work in pairs. Take turns to ask and answer your questions from exercise 2.
1 Draw a box or a circle to represent each item a-ion the map of Riverton, and label the
items. You can also add your own items to the map. Then choose a date for the town,
either 1990 or 2010.
a theatre
b houses
c woodland
d factories
e school
f fields
g hospital
h car park
i airport
Review
Riverton
2 Find a partner who chose a different date and compare the maps, d escribing the changes.
2 Work in pairs. Compare your lists and write several sentences about one of the photos.
Railways transform the economy because they speed up the movement of people and
goods. ·
For further practice, go to the Direct to IELTS website for downloadable worksheets.
u 7 A consumer society
Vocabulary: Words related to consumer
1 Work in groups and describe the photos A-E. Then choose one of the pictures and explain
how it might relate to your way of shopping. Use the phrases below to help you.
Useful words and expressions
consumer pay by carry cash use cards afford just look/don't buy browse
impulse buying compulsive buying careful go window shopping
2 Complete the sentences using one word from each box. There may be more than one
answer and you may use the words more than once. Use a dictionary, if necessary.
5 As a class, make a list of about 7 words and phrases that relate to one of the items 1-3.
Then make sentences using the words and phrases.
1 being a green consumer pollute, avoid, ...
2 spending money
3 consumer spending
As green consumers are careful not to pollute the environment they avoid products and
services that might cause pollution. They ...
1 Work in groups and discuss at least two of the questions 1-4.
1 What do you spend money on each day?
2 Do you prefer to buy things online or in a shop? What about your friends?
3 Is purchasing online becoming more common? Why do you think so?
4 What do you spend most of your money on? tw9, three or four
sp~akers. The
2 Which questions 1-10 relate to a) Angela, b) Adam, and c) possibly both of them? ,m cooversation is usyalJy
Jiii subject of '~J".
3 (I} 1.12 Listen and answer questions 1-10. . llla<;:a' emic natu re,. th e
spe'ii'kers can be a
Questions 1 and 2 tur.o-r a nd students, or
Choose the correct letter, A, B or C. jll~t ~tudents, talking
1 What has Adam already done?
A background reading and an introduction
B background reading and the selection of his topic
C the selection of his topic and an introduction
2 Adam's topic is restricted to
A a comparison of attitudes to online shopping in European countries.
B the difference between attitudes in the UK and the USA to online shopping.
C the attitude to online shopping among young people in the UK.
Questions 3 and 4
Choose TWO letters, A-E.
What TWO types of purchases is Adam going to focus on in his questionnaire?
A the food that teenagers consume
B the range of publications that teenagers read sec:tion or a ny sect.ion
C the music that teenagers purchase " .. e ll;LTS listeni cig
iHlisten td 1tri~'!i('!
D different electrical equipment that teenagers buy
di ng again ari~
E the travelling patterns of young people read the au d ioscript.
Alternatively, read the
Questions 5 and 6
s.c ript and t hen listen
Choose TWO letters, A-E.
;;~~:,,tlop
What are the TWO main problems that Angela mg skiHs.
has encountered?
A starting to organize the working schedule
B deciding on the schools to carry out the study
C getting though the initial reading phase
D choosing the age group to focus on
E choosing the items she is going to ask about
Questions 7-10
Complete the table below.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.
Permission letter send the letter early a reply could take a (7)
point out the data will be (8) to make pupils feel (9)
Data
and for research purposes only about filling in the questionnaire
use a clear and simple (10) m
Questionnaire because of the age of the groups
the questionnaire
Unit 7 A consumer society
1 All of the nouns below from Listening Section 3 are uncountable. Can you use the phrases
a piece of!a type of with all of the words?
footwear clothing accommodation software music recreation research
2 Work in pairs. Decide which nouns below are countable, uncountable or both countable
and uncountable. Give an example of a countable noun that relates to each of the
countable and uncountable nouns below.
fl Read more about countable and uncountable nouns in the Grammar Reference.
2 Choose at least three questions from exercise 1 and ask them to your partner.
3 Match the words and phrases A-D to the relevant part of the Speaking Part 2 task card.
B
A ::: :::;. l ::ii ' '" ;. :::,, ;·--
iiJ~=~~~~J,i~t~r:jt/
"' ~shopping/adti:te?"•!I'
called .
4 Make notes for your answer to the task card in exercise 3. Use words and phrases from
A - D to help you. Compare your notes in pairs.
S Work with a different partner and take turns to talk about the card. When you have
finished, show your notes to your partner. Check how closely your partner followed his/
her notes.
Unit 7 A consumer society
1 Work in pairs. Describe the contents of the charts and table extracts A-D. Then check
your answers with another pair of students.
A B
Buying or ordering goods or services over Selected activities performed in free time:
the Internet: EU comparison, 2009 by age, 2007/08
Percentages England 16-24 25-34
UK
Watch ing television 82 83
Denmark
Spending time with friend s and family 83 84
Sweden
Listening to music 83 74
Netherlands
Shopping 69 67
0 10 20 30 40 so 60 70
c D
16- 25 40 25 Education
~~~~"
25 per cent for formal activities.
3 Listening to music was more significantly popular among 16- 24-year-olds compared to
those aged 25- 34 (83 per cent against 74 per cent).
·as ~n ~ 11i:h'~~gihg ;:~1,, 4 Shopping was the least popular activity, 69 per cent for 16- 24-year-olds and 67 per cent
·H1;.vords. Jl!st;11;12~f,o,g,mt ,,111ii\ for 25-34-year-olds.
5 At 12 per cent of the total, overseas donation accounted for more than any of the other
,t)iffi"~ ~ti:H1 !I areas.
'~i):i
&
1jj1 0 1f lOt;jn ~ ~~ii
paraphrase. For. .... ·''"
"'111iii
6 More people in the UK order or buy goods or services over the internet than in the other
three countries.
3 Paraphrase the statements in exercise 2 using these notes.
1 spending time with family and friends/ as important for/ as/ at 83 per cent compared to
\\~ liiii'p l~';wd WH~ l~mII! '!if•in 84 percent
· ,J?;i'-~ht¥ei p u~f'?JJi,,1,.i 1
2 more 16- 25-year-olds/ participate/ informal voluntary activities/ formal activities
3 greater proportion/ those aged 25- 34/ listened to music
'i ,~fr!®~lfJCh~i~t 1
4 Sixty-nine per cent/ 16- 24-year-olds/ 67 per cent/ 25- 34-year-olds/ consider/ shopping/
1 ljke ~t'nfo~ afi!H' iii\!li, '!~1 1
less interesting/other activities
!
Iy0luntaii'Y activities'
!~h;~C? inil11
,11 ,;,;11, iii!'" '!iii" 5 exceed/ other causes/ with 12 per cent/ compared to/ respectively
·imi tliW aw tiUi,mm1ilii.,t:iili!!kii!lli\iJ1 6 web/ use/ for ordering and purchasing/compared to
1 Spending time with family and friends was as important for 16-24-year-olds as for
25-34-year -olds, at 83 per cent compared to 84 per cent.
Unit 7 A consumer society
5 Compare your sentences and the paraphrases with the whole class.
6 Write an answer for Writing Task 1 below.
1 @ 1.1 3 Listen and complete questions 1-6 in note form. Then make your notes into
full sentences.
Purchasing goods
1 .......................................................... purchasing the latest fashionable goods?
2 .......................................................... do peo ple purchase on the internet?
1
3 .......................................................... purchasing goods on the internet?
Are there any disadvantages? I thLvdz Lt depeL-"vds.
lnHuences on spending OL-"v the cige group, but, t)es.,
4 .......................................................... on people's spending habits? t)OUL-"vg peopLe cire certciLL-"vL!j ver!j
S .......................................................... makes people content? Why/Why coL-"vs.cLous. of or eveL-"v obs.es.s.ed b!j
not? the Lcites.t treL-"vds. LL-"v coL-"vs.uVvler
6 .......................................................... to control people's spending habits? goods. such cis. tcibLets. ClL-"vd
trC!LL-"vers..
2 Work in groups of three. Check your answers and discuss what each
question is asking you to talk about. Think of a suitable beginning to
the answer and an example.
3 Take turns to ask and answer the questions in exercise 1. The third student should
monitor the candidate's answer, giving prompts such as becauseJar example (if) , in order to
and so at appropriate places.
IELTS Reading
1 Work in groups and discuss at least two of the statements 1-4. Say whether you agree with
them.
1 Changing fashion means many clothes are thrown away as waste.
2 People are too self-conscious to wear secondhand clothes nowadays.
3 Consumers are more conscious of throwing away materials nowadays compared to the
past.
4 Charities provide a valuable service for society.
2 Scan the text and find 1-5. Compare your answers in
pairs.
1 a rise in sales despite hard times
2 how one charity is competing with shops selling
inexpensive clothes
3 a reference to a criticism of fast fashion
4 a rejection of fast fashion
5 a reference to income decline
Charity shops are reporting rising sales thanks to expansion plans, the BHF plans 40 more
the credit crunch. But it's not just about picking stores this year. Age Concern is also bringing
up a bargain - they 're attracting shoppers forward plans to open more stores after
lookingfor ethically sourced fashion. Sarah Butler recording a 9 % increase in sales last year.
reports D Fashion experts are also noting a shift in our
A Last week, the House of Lords science approach to charity shopping. For a new
committee criticised a culture of fast fashion breed of ethical and fashion-conscious
for contributing to the growing amount of consumers, secondhand purchases are not
domestic waste in Britain. Textiles make up just driven by thrift. "I get a feeling that
3 % of the 30m tonnes of waste collected from people are trying to become more individual
households by local authorities every year, at the moment, and buying secondhand
and the committee accused retailers of clothes is a way to do that," says Jane
'encouraging consumers "to dispose of clothes Shepherdson, the former boss of Topshop
which have only been worn a few times in who now heads the Whistles clothes chain.
favour of new, cheap garments which "There has been exposure of certain high
themselves will also go out of fashion and be street retailers who have not been as clean as
discarded within a matter of months." they should be in their supply base, so if you
want cheap clothes and a clean conscience
B But with the average household's disposable
then a charity shop is an obvious route."
income down £2,500 in the past 12 months
- the first drop for 11 years - it is unlikely E With the popularity of eBay and schemes
that shoppers are about to swap regular such as the recent Visa Swap clothes
purchases from the lower end of the high exchanging event in London, fronted by
street for expensive well-made and ethically Lindsay Lohan, there is Jess stigma than ever
sourced fashion. in wearing secondhand goods. "For shoppers
who love the dig-and-delve experience of
C However, in these lean times, another sector
shops like TK Maxx, there is really not much
is experiencing a surge in sales: charity
difference in going to a charity shop - it is all
shops. It was revealed last week that sales at
about enjoying the experience of finding a
Oxfam stores across the country have risen
bargain," says Lorna Hall, executive editor of
7 % in a year. Indeed, Charity Finance
fashion trade journal Drapers. "A certain
magazine reports that profits across 72
section of consumers are turning their back
charity shops are up 7.4% this year, and that
on fast fashion and like the idea of recycling."
sales have risen 5.7%. The British Heart
Foundation, one of Britain's biggest chains of F For their part, charities have noted the
charity shops with 560 stores, says sales are increased competition from cheap clothing
up by as much as 6% . While many high stores such as Primark and Peacocks and
street stores are pulling back on their have stepped up their act. Oxfam has been
84
particularly innovative, experimenting with G As demand for secondhand clothes grows, a
specialist book, furniture and boutique clothing big issue is increasing competition in the hunt
stores. The latter, which are being tried out in for quality donated goods, particularly from
central London, sell a mix of fairtrade fashions, professional companies which collect
items made from recycled fabrics and vintage secondhand clothing for sale overseas.
clothing picked to appeal to the fashion
H The price of secondhand clothing on the
conscious. The charity is using Shepherdson as
international market has soared by more than
an adviser to get its stores right. As David
70 % in the past two or three years. That
McCullogh, deputy chief executive of Oxfam,
increase in value has helped charities raise
says, "We are not in that place where charity
money; 50% of clothing donations unsuitable
shops used to be, where people come to us
for sale in UK charity shops go on to be sold
because they have no money and nowhere else
in developing countries, or are recycled into
to go. We think we are much more attractive as
new products such as stuffing for mattresses.
somewhere where you can find unusual,
But it has also fuelled an increasing number
interesting and one-off pieces of clothing. Sales
of professional secondhand clothing traders,
are driven by that and we have put a lot of
or "rag merchants".
work into getting better quality and interesting
donations."
Questions 1-5
The reading passage has eight paragraphs, A- H . Which paragraph contains the following
information?
1 the rise of the fashion shopper with a conscience
2 some uses for clothes not sold in charity shops
3 the different types of goods on sale in Oxfam shops
4 how many charity shopping outlets are owned by one organization
5 the impact of retailers on the growth of clothes waste
Questions 6-10
Choose FIVE letters, A- I.
NB Your answers may be given in any order.
Below are listed some common features of the latest charity shops.
Which FIVE of these features are reported by the writer of the text?
A They have become more profitable.
B They have started charging more for goods.
C They offer clothes for fashion-aware shoppers.
D Items on sale are cheaper than before.
E Shop assistants are paid more than before.
F The shopping experience is now similar to other shops.
G They only sell clothes made from recycled fabrics.
H They are no longer places for poor shoppers.
I They are places where shoppers might find unique items.
Questions 11 and 12
Complete the sentences below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for
each answer.
11 The interest in secondhand clothes is driven in part by the collections by
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ which export the clothes.
12 There has been a increase in the value of secondhand clothes.
Question 13
Choose the correct letter A, B, C or D.
Which alternative below is the best title for the reading passage?
A The importance of recycled clothing
B How charity shops made a profit
C The expansion of charity shops
D The rise of the ethical consumer
Unit 7 A consumer society
1 Work in pairs. ~ead Writing Task 2 below, then discuss whether you agree with statements
1-7. Rank the statements from 1 (I totally agree) to 5 (I totally disagree).
2 Answer questions a-e ,. uhout statement 1 in exercise 1. Then compare your answers in
groups.
a Are TV adverts targeted at children acceptable? Why/Why not?
b What example can you give relating to consumer goods such as toys?
c What is the effect if parents don't buy the consumer goods?
d Why is this the case?
,e What is the solution for the parents?
Unit 7 A consumer society
3 Work in pairs. Underline the parts of the text that the words in bold refer to.
gaw..es CDll\.,SoLe. if thLS eqw.t-pme.....t LS Mt bougnt bk:j pare111,ts., cnLLDlre111, VvtCik:j trei to
persuade them to buk:j i.t. ToLS LS partLk:j beccius.e tne av!verts IAre repeated e~Les.sL~
duri.~ cni.Ldrell\.,'s. prograVvtVvtes. Toe~ ewe snowll\., IAt sucn ti.Vvtes because the~ are
tvie pri.w..e ti.w..e for a k:jOU~ auG!LeV\.,C,e. Tue 0111,LtJ opti.0111, to tack>,Le thLS -problem i.s
for parell\.,ts. to ba!A, tvie prograVvtw..es ell\.,ti.reLtJ. ToLS, noweve~ affects. tvie cnLLG!reV\,'s
deveLopw..eV\,t. Perna-ps. i.t's ti.w..e for autnori.ti.es to deciL wi.tn thLS sttw.att.o'1\..
4 Complete the text using the words in the box. There may be more than one answer.
Some people, however, feel that young children between three and ten years of age don't
notice the adverts (1) see on TV during programmes such as cartoons or
(2) shows with special characters for children. (3) argue that when
there is a commercial break, ( 4) stop watching and don't take any notice of the
adverts aimed at (5) . However, (6) is surely mistaken. In TV,adverts,
toys like dolls or the latest computer gadgets or sweets are usually presented in such an
attractive way to children that it makes (7) want to have (8) _ _ _ __
Children, even at an early age, are sophisticated enough to watch adverts and know what
(9) want. Moreover, children have ways ofletting their parents know
(10) and put enormous pressure on (11) , as a walk around any
supermarket or toy department will show.
1 Work in groups and complete one of the texts 1-3 in your own words relating to IELTS
Writing Task 2 in exercise 1 on page 86. You can adapt the outlines if you wish.
1
Banning TV advertisements won't have any effect on children. This is because
..................................................................... For example, if ............................................... .
..................................................... So .................................................................................... .
Moreover, these advertisements ....................................................................................................... ,
which is why ...................................................................................................................... Thus, TV
advertisements have little .............................................................................................. .
2
TV adverts aimed at children are unethical because they are too young ............................................. .
....................... .................. . They know that they .................................................................................... ,
but do not understand that their ............................................................................................................... .
For example, if a child sees ................... ........................................ and it is very attractive, he/ she is
likely........................................................................................................... . So it is wrong to put pressure
........................................................................................................ through TV adverts. Therefore, they
3
TV adverts should ..................................................................... to protect children from exposure to
consumer advertising. The purpose of this kind of advertising is to
......................................................................................... As it is the duty of parents to protect their
children, they ....................................................................... For example, they can switch
.................................................................. . They can also restrict
2 Work with a group who completed a different text. Take turns to ask each other questions
about the text you completed and make notes about the answers.
3 Work alone and complete the text you heard about in exercise 2. Compare your completed
text with a student from the group you took the notes from.
For further practice, go to the Direct to IELTS website for downloadable worksheets.
Vocabulary: Collocations with culture
1 Work in groups and describe the pictures A-E. J:?iscuss how they might relate to the
exchange ofideas between countries in the modern world.
2 Discuss questions 1-4 and check your answers with other groups.
l What do you understand by 'culture'?
2 Is culture dynamic or static? What factors make it so?
3 What do you understand by the term 'business culture'?
4 What is the difference between traditional culture and workplace culture? Give an
example to illustrate each.
3 Complete the definitions with words from the box. Then check your answers in pairs.
4 Work in pairs. Explain_at least two of the following terms in your own words. Use a
dictionary if necessary.
celebrity culture street culture mass culture contemporary culture
5 Work in pairs. Change the position of two words in 1-7 to make the sense of the sentences
clear.
O Mainstream ~ e is vibrant and exci,ting and has an impac~ treet culture.
l In the present age of diverse information, national cultures are being transformed
gradually by instant influences.
2 Mainstream culture is affected by a host of factors and changes gradually over time. It is
static, not dynamic.
3 Business culture can sometimes seem to be slow to embrace the changes that are
occurring in the real world, especially the academic world.
4 Sadly, global culture is often eroded by local influences.
5 Young culture is an important influence on the media, yet it is often thought that it is the
media that influences the youth of today.
6 Strong culture is a consumer force which drives the econ
today's world.
O Street culture is vibrant and exciting and has an impact on mainstream culture.
6 Categorize the meaning of the word 'culture' in the sentences in exercise 5. Decide
whether it relates to a) the arts such as music, literature, etc.; orb) the ideas of a group of
people or an organization.
7 Think of three positive aspects of one of the topics below relating to your own experience
or a country you know well
contemporary culture popular culture celebrity culture materialistic culture
Find a student or students who chose the same topic and discuss your topic.
1 Work alone and make questions about your national culture using 1-4.
1 the kinds of cultural activities/ experiences a visitor to your country would expect to see
(Whatkind(s) of... ?)
2 the frequency of celebrations and festivals (How often ... ?)
3 the time of year of celebrations and festivals (When/ At what time ofyear ... ?)
4 whether you take part in them actively/ passively (Do yvu take part in ... ?)
2 Work in pairs and swap your questions. Take turns to ask and answer the questions. Then
discuss the questions as a whole class.
3 Work in pairs. Discuss the cultural activities 1-10 and assess their value. For example, are
they valuable experiences for young people?
1 going to the theatre/ cinema
2 doing artwork such as painting or drawing
3 going to a museum/art gallery
4 visiting a historical site
5 visiting other countries
6 learning another language
7 watching a film with subtitles
8 watching the news in another language
9 going to a local, national or international festival
10 going to a street market
Do rjOU
. tviLV\,R goLV\,g to tvie ...........
yes, I do bew use ...
the;·t~e· or•cLvtewlr~WLs ii:iJ14fri]i~ibLe
experLeV\,ce fo ; pj;uV\,g -peo~t~?
4 Make notes for the task card below. Compare your notes in pairs and explain what you are
going to talk about. Make changes to your notes, if you wish.
S Work in different pairs and take turns to talk about the task card.
Give feedback about how well you think you partner followed his/her notes.
· .. :'unit 8 Gulture on the n1ove
0 :;;;__,
Questions 1-6
Complete the notes below.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE
WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for
each answer.
Art lectures
art for therapeutic purposes
art classes to promote creativity in
schools
various ways to promote participation
in art in (1) ......................................... .
Mainstream methods
• colouring books • TV programmes • school art classes
• trips to art galleries - running (2) .......................................... for various age groups
Non-mainstream methods
highlight art through (3) .......................................... with street art
street performers, e.g. jugglers, singers
astonishing form of street art - ( 4) .......................................... art
dramatic visual impact - stops people
shows vast holes in the ground with such (5) ......................................... .
difficult to replicate in a gallery
past artists used similar effects
It
!
Unit 8 Culture on the move
7 Compare your answers in pairs. Check how you have described/ compared individual rypes
of programmes.
This seems to lend support to the so-called Pollyanna notes. Instead, the trends he and his team have observed are
Principle, put forth in 1969, that argues for a universal human driven by the bulk of English words tending to be happy.
tendency to use positive words more often, easily and in more If we think of words as atoms and sentences as molecules that
ways than negative words. Of course, most people would rank combine to form a whole text, "we're looking at atoms," says
some words, like "the," with the same score: a neutral 5. Other Dodds. "A lot of news is bad," he says, and short-term
words, like "pregnancy," have a wide spread, with some happiness may rise and fall like the cycles of the economy,
people ranking it high and others low. "A lot of these words "but the atoms of the story - of language - are, overall, on the
- the neutral words or ones that have big standard deviations positive side."
- get washed out when we use them as a measure," Dodds
Questions 1-5
Do the following statements agree with the information given in th e reading passage?
Write:
YES ifthe statement agrees with the claims ofthe writer
NO ifthe statement contradicts the claims ofthe writer
NOT GIVEN ifit is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
1 People might expect the New York Times and Twitter to have more positive than n egative
words.
2 According to Dodds, English people prefer using positive words.
3 Dodds' second study is linked to an earlier one.
4 Dodds' first study was mainly ignored by the media.
5 According to Dodds' studies, there has been a fall in the positivity of English along with a
rise in short-term average happiness.
Questions 6-9
Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-H, below.
6 The source materials used in the second study were
7 According to traditional economic theory, people are
8 Using the Mechanical Turk, the most common words were
9 The new study focused on words that were
Questions 10-13
Complete the summary using the list of words and phrases, A-1, below.
Reaction
4 Work in groups. What is your reaction to the text? Do you agree with the contents?
Do you find them surprising/funny?
1 Work in pairs. Match the notes a - c to the questions about world culture 1- 3.
World culture
1 Do you think it is important for schoolchildren to learn about other cultures in school?
Why/Why not?
2 In what ways.can children be taught about culture?
3 Do you think that one day there will be one world culture? Why/ Why not?
n evwLc.vi, LV1Aprove, tenc.n, shV1AuLnte
b LV1ApossdJLe, uV\,LLReL~j, possLbLe, fensLbLe
c. LnV\,guCTge, fi,LVIAS, boo~s, tvClveL
2 Think of two words (either verbs or adjectives) you associate with each question 1- 3
below. Write notes as in exercise 1.
Cultural activities
1 Some people think that cultural activities should not be subsidized by the government.
What is your opinion?
2 What is the effect if the cost of cultural activities such as theatre or cinema visits is too
high?
3 What kind of cultural activities do you think will be popular in the future?
3 Work in groups of three and take turns to discuss the questions in exercises 1 and 2 in
pairs. The third student should give general feedback. Avoid looking at any notes.
2 Work in groups and compare your answers to exercise 1. Then choose one of the
Useful statements and:
language • state the cause and describe it from a national and/or international perspective.
• provide and explain the examples and effects.
Talking about • give at least one solution in each case.
solutions:
should/could/a good 1 In some parts of the world traditional festivals and celebrations have disappeared
idea is to/one or are disappearing. From an international perspective, this is the direct result of
solution/measure/
globalization. For example ...
step/way/answer/
option is ...
II...-~~~~~~~......
Unit 8 Culture on the move
3 Select the three main causes of one of the problems 1-8 in exercise 1, and three measures
that could be taken to reverse the problem.
Causes Measures
the adoption of a new (second/ third) an economic boost to local/ rural areas
language cultural centres
globalization more local museums In excercise 5, think
travelling for leisure schoolchildren participating in local about: singular/
migration fes tivals plural, missing words,
the use of modem technology education/school trips subjec~verbm•
agreement , articles,
young people's informed views learning local languages adjectives, spelling,
social change inviting people into the school prepositions, the form
of words, and
4 Work in groups. Compare your answers to exercise 3 and discuss one of the causes and punctuation in
one of the measures in detail. relative clauses.
5 Read Writing Task 2 below. Then find and correct the mistakes in paragraph 1, which is
part of the answer to the task. Compare your answers in pairs.
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Write about the following topic:
In some parts ofthe wor.lJ traditional.festivals and celebrations have disa]!peared or are disappearing.
What do you think are the causes ofthis development and what measures could be taken to solve it?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge and
experience. Write at least 250 words.
..
Paragraph 1
There are many cause of this situation, but perhaps the main is the migration of people away from rural areas to the
cities, tends to occur mainly among young people. This process of urbanization is very damaging to local communities,
as it means that only the older generations are left behind. With movement of people, there is a good chance that many
of those who move away will loose contact with their home towns and tradition practices. They may also learn new
languages and new customs, which may further erode the old customs and traditions. This may then make them feel their •·
'former culture' is old-fashioned and of less value than the new cultur they are experiencing. (7 mistakes )
6 Work in pairs and find examples of the following in the answer in exercise 5.
--
Paragraph 1
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Write about the following topic:
Interest in traditional skills and crafts among young people worldwide is declining•.
What do you think are the causes ofthis development and what measures could be taken to solve it?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from 'your bwn knowledge and
experience. Write at least 250 words.
9 Work in pairs. Use the lists of items in exercise 6 to help you analyse one or more of your paragraphs.
Writing bank: page 119
•
vew
Vocabulary: Collocations with culture
1 Provide an example of behaviour and activities for 1-4.
O football culture
1 business culture
2 consumer culture
3 workplace culture
4 mainstream culture
O going to matches, wearing the colours of the football teams, going on trips to
support teams
2 Provide an example of the arts relating to 1-5.
1 contemporary culture
2 traditional culture
3 popular culture
4 street culture
5 modern culture
3 Work in pairs and compare your answers.
3 Write two alternative sentences about three items in the chart opposite.
1 The main association that was made with the word 'culture' was arts, accounting for
nearly 40 per cent of respondents.
Arts, which accounted for nearly 40 per cent of respondents, was the main
association made with the word 'culture'.
4 Compare your sentences with other students.
Review
Associations made with the word 'culture', persons aged over 14 years, EU-27, 2007
Museums : : : : - ·
Values and beliefs (including philosophy and religion)
Leisure, sport, travel, fun • • •
Not interested, not for me •
Too elite, snobbish, posh , boring, (negative things) I
Percentages O 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
1,800
1,600
1,400
1,200
1,000
800
600
400
200
0
Millions 1933 1948 1963 1978 1993 2008
3 Read Writing Task 2 below. Then write a paragraph of about 80 words describing one or
more cause.
3 Work in groups and choose a task card, A or B. Make a list of at least five reasons why you
might dislike a city or town, or reasons for liking a modem building.
A B
Describe a city or town that you do not like. Describe a modern building you like.
4 Work in pairs with a student who chose the same task card. Take turns to talk about the
card. Compare your reasons and discuss which reasons were best.
Unit 2
Vocabulary 1: Collocations - multiple combinations page 18
1 Answer the questions below. In some cases there may be more than one answer. Use words
and phrases from page 18.
1 What do you collect, examine, study as part of research?
2 What do you keep, destroy or update in a business or your studies?
3 What can governments conduct, fund or support in the field of science?
4 What can the authorities conduct, pursue or lead if there has been a crime?
5 What can you study if you are a student?
6 What can you carry out, conduct or do for essays or dissertations?
7 What can you make or perform if you have collected a lot of data?
8 What can companies conduct to find out about their products?
2 Compare your answers in pairs. Take turns to ask and answer the questions.
3 Spend five minutes thinking about explanations for the statements below.
1 It is important to carry out archaeological research.
2 People keep personal records such as diaries.
3 Studying history is as important as studying business or law.
4 Scientific studies are essential even if they cost a lot of money.
5 Customer surveys need to be carried out.
4 Work in groups. Discuss one statement from exercise 3, giving reasons and examples. One
member of the group then summarizes your discussion for the whole class in one minute.
• Skilled non-manual
• Skilled manual
• Elementary occupations
• Others
Unit 3
Language focus: Prepositions page 33
1 Use a preposition to continue the' sentences in your own words.
O Overusing computers can result ...
1 People often associate technology ...
2 If someone wants to specialize ...
3 The rise of the information age stems ...
4 It's not always easy to comply ...
5 My home town differs ...
6 As far as libraries are concerned, we should insist ...
O Overusing computers can result in physical problems.
2 Compare your answers in pairs. Prepare three questions for two of the statements you
completed in exercise 1. Take turn to ask each other questions about the statements.
• Why does this happen?
• Are there any ways to combat this situation?
• Do you think the situation will become worse in the future?
3 As a whole class, make a list of the main effects relating to sentence 3 in exercise 1.
Discuss how the information age might develop in the future.
1 Work in pairs. Look at photos A-D and say which type of process they represent: natural,
manufacturing or both.
Unit4
Vocabulary: Leisure and entertainment page 43
1 Make as many noun phrases as possible using the words below.
street
tLeLsure
vicHvLt les/
gooo{s
-pursuLts
The purpose of street entertainment is to bring pleasure to the public and also to earn
money.
3 Work in pairs and explain your answers in exercise 2, giving reasons and examples.
Unit 5
1 Decide how you would evaluate 1-10. Use one or more of the adjectives in the box.
2 Work in groups. Compare your answers and discuss your evaluations, giving reasons and
examples.
3 The diagram below illustrates item 3 in exercise 1. In groups, complete the diagram with
notes.
(1) ·····································
4 Compare your completed diagram with other groups and then the whole class.
S Discuss and write the introduction and first paragraph of Writing Task 2 below.
Unit 6
Useful
language
1 Work in pairs, A and B. Student A: study the map for Tanton from 1985. Student B: study
the map for Tanton from 2010. Do not look at each other's map.
Between 1985 and
2 Student A: describe the map. Student B: each time Student A describes something that 2010,
differs from your map, interrupt and describe the difference. ... was constructed ...
Student A By 2010, a ... had
Tanton,1985 N
+
been constructed.
... had been lost
farmland
farmland farmland
Student B 0
+
f woo an
airport
•
3 Compare the two maps.
4 Complete the text below describing the two maps. You can make changes to the words in
the outline, if you wish.
The maps show the transformation (1) .............................................................................................. .
During this time, a number of developments occurred. By 2010, a (2) ......................................... .
.................................................... , preventing (3) ............................................................................. .
................ As the village spread ( 4) .............................................................................................. , the
woodland (5) ............................................................................................... West of the village, a
(6) .............................................................................................. with the old airfield (7) .................... .
........................................................................ . Northeast of the village, farmland (8) ..................... .
....................................................................... . By 2010, north of the village close to the motorway,
more farmland had been lost as (9) .............................................................................................. .
Overall, it is clear that the area around Tanton changed dramatically over the period with
(10) ······························································································.
Additional material
Unit 7
1 Work in pairs. Rewrite sentences 1-5 so there is less repetition. Use it, this, they and this + a
suitable noun. Compare your sentences other students.
O Children are exposed to a considerable number of adverts which are harmful from a very
early age, so parents should be careful to protect children from adverts which are harmful.
1 Browsing the internet can be fun, but browsing the internet also wastes a lot of time.
2 People tend to be led by advertising when people shop, but advertising doesn't always
affect people's shopping habits.
3 TV adverts during children's programmes should be banned, but banning adverts during
children's programmes is not going to stop the problem.
4 Some people think that children don't notice the adverts on TV, but children do. So
parents need to be aware of the fact that children notice adverts on TV.
5 Companies such as supermarkets carry out surveys to gauge shoppers' preferences.
Carrying out surveys to gauge shoppers' preferences is not the only practice that
companies use to engage with shoppers.
O Children are exposed to a considerable number of adverts which are harmful from a
very early age, so parents should be careful to protect them from this.
2 Work in pairs and write three sentences about one of the following. Write on a large sheet
of paper to display to the class.
• the time wasted by people of all ages • the best electronic gadget that I own
playing on computers • the power of advertising
• the time saved by using computers
3 Display your answers and check each other's work for repetition.
Unit 8
Useful 1 Work in pairs. Write at least five questions about the bar chart below.
language Participation rates in artistic activities, by age group, EU-27, 2007
Noyn phrases Decorating, handicrafts, gardening r ;;; ' . ' ' '" : ' ;'.<;?J':::t". . ....-
those aged 15-24 Dancing ~ - --.~- - - - - - .
those in the 15-24 Photography/film [ ; ;·; ;'; .
age group
15-24-)lear-o,as Acting ·Ill I I I- • . 15-24
those who are 15-24 • 25-39
(years old) Singing €f&f'i" " ·r . 40-54
the 15-24 (~year-old)
age group Writing ----
None (spontaneous)
Verbs
take part in Otheractivities - . . _
participate in Percentages O 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
do
2 Work with another partner. Take turns to ask and answer your questions from exercise 1.
be involved in
3 Write several sentences comparing the participation of the different age groups in one of
the artistic activities.
Writing bank
;f ·. ::::::..-
11:_US Writi~ask 1
Line graphs Unit 1, page 10
70
60
Three main 50
trends:
40 ~~~--~----~~-"'
flat ~
downwards 30
upwards (x2) 20 -=..-:::::::::::::_,......:::::;:,--
10
Aged 15-24 - - Aged 25-34 - - Aged 35-44 - - Aged 45 and over - -
0
Millions 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Model answer
paraphrase of the rubric The chart provides information about cinema attendance
among a range of age groups in the UK between 1997 and
2009.
summarismg statement 1---+----,There was a noticeable rise in cinema admissions for those
aged 45 and over. Between 1997 and 2009, admissions more
than doubled from approximately 20 million to around 43
comparison million, peaking in 2008 at about 50 million. Similarly, the comparison
trend for those aged 35-44 was upwards, rising from 20
million admissions to just over 30 million, an increase of
approximately 50 per cent.
By comparison, for those in the 15-24 age group, the most <-(- -o----; comparison
frequent cinema-goers, the overall trend is flat, fluctuating
NB: million not millions 1 - -. -.... between about 60 million and 62 million a mission..,.___
As regards those aged 25- 34, this was the only group summarising phrases
where there was a decline in admissions with a fall from
approximately 40 million in 1997 to about 36 million in
2009.
overview 1--- +--""7 Overall, it is clear that while cinema adm issions within the
Introduction Comparisons
the graph shows/illustrates/ provides/gives Nouns: More/fewer (people/teachers) ...
information about/provides/gives a in :'.-. than in, as many ... as ...
breakdown of ... Adjectives: experienced a bigger rise than ...
Trends Adverbs: (rose/fell) Jnore slowly/qui.ckly
Verbs: rises/declines than... ,,.
Nouns: There is a (slight/moderate/ Linking devices
dramatic) rise/decline in ... Adverbs: by comparison, by contrast, in
The trend in ... is upward(s)/ comparison
downward( s )/flat. Conjunctions: while, whereas, although
There is a(n) (upward/downward/flat) Noun phrases
trend in ... Those aged 15-24
Verbs Those in the 15-24 age group
rise: go up, increase, soar, climb, leap, 25-24-year-olds
jump, improve, stage a recovery, grow
fall: decrease, decline, drop, plummet,
plunge, dive, go down
remain flat: be steady/stable
fluctuate: be erratic, go up and down,
experience some fluctuations
Task
200
160
-
120 - - -~
-=-
80
0
Thousands 1981/82 1986/87 1991/92 1996/97 2001 / 02 2007/ 08
Women - - Women - - Men - - Men - -
nursery and primary secondary secondary nursery a nd primary
Expenditure for ZTA Ltd 2012 Expenditure for Aim One Ltd 2012
II Equipment • Equipment
• Training • Training
• Managers' salaries • Managers' salaries
• Employees ' salaries • Employees' salaries
• Consultancy fees • Consultancy fees
Research & Development • Research & Development
Task
Production of vegetables, EU, 2009 (%) Production of fruit, EU, 2009 (%)
57 million tonnes 36 million tonnes
• Tomatoes
•• Apples
Oranges
•
•
Onions
Carrots
•• Peaches
Pears
•
•
Lettuces
Others
•• Strawberries
Others
Bar charts Unit 5, page 63; Unit 8, page 95
Minutes per day using each medium: by age, 2009/10 United Kingdom
Hours and minutes per day
4.30
4 .00
3.30
• 16-24
3 .00
2.30
• 25-44
2.00 • 45-54
1.30 • 55 and over
1.00 All aged 16 and over
0.30
0
Television Compute.- Radio
Model answer
paraphrase of the
rubric: the minutes summary of data relating to TV
per day spent
by different age
groups ,___,___, The chart illustrates the amount oftim various age groups
devoted to selected media on a dail asis in the UK in 2009/10.
More time overall was spent on watc ing television than t P range of noun phrases
companson
other two media, with the oldest age rouR lln= · ng more than
four hours to this activity. The 45-54 ge group apart, viewing
increased with age, at nearly 3 and a half hours for those aged '<
16-24, 3 hours 20 minutes for those aged 45- 54 and nearly 3.30
phra .: to draw hours for the those aged 25-44.
atLntion to the As regards using the computer, there is a clear pattern of time
use, which declined with age from just over 3 and a half hours for summary of data
computer
the youngest age group to about 75 minutes for the oldest group. relating to the
computer
The least popular medium was radio. The 45-54 age group
listened to the radio the most Uust under 90 minutes), while for
the other age groups listening ranged from less than 30 minutes
to 70 minutes, increasing generally with age.
overview f - -----l>~ Generally speaking, television is clearly the favourite medium.
Writing bank
Useful language
Synonyms Referring to items on the chart
enjoy: like/take (considerable) pleasure as regards, regarding, with regard to, as
In for, when it comes to, turning to, as far
do not enjoy: dislike/have no/do not as ... is concerned
have a liking for Ways of adding data
Describing attitudes With ( + noun) + verb in -ing form +
what (people) think about ... , people's object
perception of/view on/position on/ With the oldest age group ...
thoughts about/views on ,.·· with more girls than boys reading a lot, 28
Noun phrases per cent and 17 per cent respectively.
those/ children aged 8-16, boys/ girls
aged 8- 16, boys/girls in the 8-16 age
group, those who enjoy reading quite a
lot/who take considerable pleasure in
reading
Task
Percentages O 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
1 Children a ged 8 to 16
Writing bank
Model answer
brief introduction There is no denying that education and food aid both play a vital
part in fighting hunger on a global basis.
evaluation of 1--- +--> The role of education is important because by providing view 1
education education to impoveri shed communities, they can be lifted out
of poverty and hence hunger and be able to fend for themselves
without outside aid. Teaching people, both chi ldren and adults, explanation
to read and write can give them the power to take control of their
own lives, eventually setting up businesses, trad ing arid perhaps
teaching others.
evaluation of
1---+~ Food aid can also have an impact on alleviating hunger through view 2
food aid
rich countries giving food at times of dire need, such as during
famines or at times o f droughts . Such a id can be a matter of life
and death, as it can bring whole communities back from the brink
of disaste r. For example, food aid can be used to provide short-
term help after a disaster such as an earthquake or flooding.
Both education and food aid do have an important role to play
in alleviating hunger throughout the world. However, the latter is
more ofa short-term measure that works in times of hardship, personal view
but, if it becomes a long- term meas ure , it can create dependency
and have a negative impact. Education , by contrast, is likely to
have a more lasting effect. In fact, education could be combined <--"""------< p ersonal view
with food aid by teaching people how to protect food production
by planting trees and conserving water. This could lead to greater
self-reliance, and even food exports.
conclusion In conclusion , food aid and education have their part to play in
d ealing with the phenomenon of hunger around the world , but
perhaps the key does lie with education.
Writ ing bank
Useful language
Stating a view Introducing your own view
The role of ... is importa,nt/crucial, vital Both .. , play an importantrole/ have an
etc, because ... '" important role to play/,are'~flvaluable/
Some people think/argue/ believe that ,.:' is effective,in, but ... ,,
important because ... , I feel, however, .. .
Other people think that ... is important I personally feel .../ Personally, I feel ...
because ... Having said this, however, I feel ...
There is little doubt/ nj) dinying that ... Admittedly>both ...
impo~nt because ...
;·· may both be important, I feel ...
Although both are ... , I feel ...
Task
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Write about the following topic:
Some people feel that young people fhould be made to work for a year before they go to
university while others think that they should go straight to university from school.
Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
experience. Write at least 250 word s.
l
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Write about the following topic:
Nowadays the way modern society is developing is being shaped by people's migration to
large cities.
In what ways~ migration to large cities affecting society?
Has this become a positive or negative development?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
expenence.
Write at least 250 words.
Writing bank
Model answer
general idea, or Cities have a lways been an engine of development worldwide, attracting people
I
~hook' and resources, but nowadays the pace of change is increasing rapid ly. As a . : general impact I
-1
--" result, modern society is now more urbanized than at any time in its history.
topic sentence 1~ As part of th is urbanization process, societies are experiencing both negative
and positive changes. A possible negative development is the danger that . ::
I n egative impact I
through migration , society may generally become more selfish, using up l
resources in terms of energy, food and faci lities at a faster rate than in the it!
countryside. Moreover, once people lose contact with the values, traditions,
and possibly languages of the communities they left behind , society undergoes
further change. '
~ The negative impact of urbanization on society generally cannot be ignored. reason
positive impact H However, migration benefits society. This is because large cities are dynamic (
I I
and in a state of flux, offering people opportunities such as jobs and the ,
examples l chance to try out new ideas. The contribution of such ideas to the wealth of
any country can transform society enormously, funding more fac ilities in fields
H such as health and education.
,-
I
examples
H As well as transformation through new ideas, innovative ways of living, for ( examples
another positive
impact
example eco-houses and flexible working practices like partially working
from home , can in turn affect the whole of society. The quality of life for
city inhabitants can then be sign ificantly improved, which , in turn , can
I I
results
I
Useful language
Verbs As a co nsequence,
affect, effect, bring about, influence, cause, Consequently,
change, create, produce, lead to, play a role/ part ... is now ... , ... then ... , And so/So ... , Thus,
in, have an effect/impact on, have an influence
A/One negative/ positive impact is .. .
over, shape, contribute to, result in, damage,
destroy, benefit The main cause/ effect/development (ofthis).is ...
Describing change Another/One cause/effect/development is ...
transform, develop, revolutionize, alter, adjust Giving reasons
Nouns .. because/ as/since ...
effect, influence, impact, changes, This is because ...
transformation, benefit The (main)/One reason for this is ...
Other phrases
As a result,
Task
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. Write about the following topic:
Nowadays the way that people ofall ages interact with each other is being shaped 1,y social media.
In what way is social media affecting the re'Jationships that people make?
Has this become a positive or negative development?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge
or experience. Write at least 250 words.
Writing bank
To what extent do you agree or disagree? What other measures do you think
might be effective?
Unit 4, page 51; Unit 5, page 59; Unit 7, page 87
:ii
mYou should \,pend :about\:io minut'es on ~his task.
Write about the following topic:
Enco'uragingthe developme'nt ofci,'eative 'industries suih as the pibduction ofvideo
games and computer software is the best way to reduce youth unemployment.
To wl,at extent ~o Y'?.u agr~f or di~agree? !!
What other measures do you think might be effective?
Givereasons for your answ~r and)nclude any r,~levan t examples from your own
expe'i-ience. '''' ' ' '" '" '!"
Model answer
answering first
question: evaluation
of'the best way'
- R Investing in the growth of creative industries making exciting new
products is certainly"a worthwhile strategy for creating employment the adverb shows the
writer's position
opportunities for young people.
explanation of
evaluation ~H Such an area is likely to appeal to young people a nd it is an area
that is attracting considerable attention and is likely to expand in
I the near future . ith new developments in technology such as I example
I reason
I apps and advanced ebooks, and even interactive books where the I I
readers engage with the content, the creative industries are ideal
places to absorb youth unemployment.
topic sentence
~ ~ As with all situations, there is rarely one course of action that
offers a panacea. Other approache~ offer eq ually suitable solutions.
synonyms of
'way'
Investment in la rge infrastructure projects such as building houses,
hospitals and transport facilities could reduce unemployment o n a
large scale. Makin2 fundin2 and advice available for young people
other ways to set up their own businesses is another effective employment
strategy. With mentoring support from successful entrepreneurs and
businesspeople, the energy and enthu siasm of young people could
be harnessed to generate work for other yo ung people and other
members of society.
As skills shortages in vocational fields such as construction and
engineering seem to be chronic problems, boosting apprenticeship ~ I ocher ways
schemes offering training in vocational skills such as building and I I
plumbing would also be helpful. Another area where skilled workers
are required is engineering, a field where there is a dire shortage of
conclusion qualified workers in many countries. :
referring back to ~
~ So while encouraging the d evelopment of creative industries is a
the introduction worthwhile strategy to reduce unemployment, it is not the only way.
.. ·=-.
.
l.Jsefal language , Plan
Synonyms for ~av/measure ' f
1, Introduction
¥
'approach, step, stra,tegy, c,o urse i 2 ·Evaluation
method, mea"ns; scheme
Ui'' :, . ,:j> ii
t3 Explanation of
•Introducing measures' evaluation
4 ~0ther measures:
' 1 (e.g. investment in
l~rge infrastructure
~ projects)
\. · · , 2 ( e-.g. making fonding .··"' ,
Task r a nd advice available for
young people to set up
their own ,businesses)
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task. 3 ( e.g. bo.o sting
Write about the following topic: · ·' apprenticeship schemes)
What do you think are the causes of these problems and what
measures could be taken to solve them?
Unit 8, page 99
You should spend about 40 minutes on chis task.
Write about the following topic:
In some countries, employers think young people nowadays lack verbal and non-
verbal communication skills such as body language compared to the past.
What do you think are the causes ofthis problem and what measures could be
taken to solve it?
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your
own expenence.
Write at least 250 words.
bank
Model answer
introduction with
restatement of the Given the vitality of youth culture, it seems strange that there should
problem be shortcomings as regards young people's verbal and non-verbal
co mmunication skills. However, there is no doubt that they do exist.
nouns indicating the There are varirni ">factors behind this and, of course, a number of
organization of the ~ H approaches exist to tackle the situation. I
essay One majo~ eason is the nature of many leisure pursuits in which young f
/ people take part nowa days. Take video games, for instance. Although (----- ...___ example followed
a synonym for factor/ v more than one participant can take part in these simultaneously, by explanation as
cause, linking the they are played mainly by solitary individuals, especially young men. evidence
paragraph to the Moreover, by spending up to four hours or more per day on computers
introduction and the - communicating by email and on social networking sites - the
writing task ability to interact verbally and non-verbally through body language is
being lost. This shows up clearly when some young people go for job
interviews or when they are in a job and start interacting with other
people.
solutions from - ~ The situation can be dealt with from different angles. At home, parents
two angles can be encouraged to talk to their c hildren more. This, however, may
prove difficult in all circumstances if parents are working. Schools
and employers then need to play a key role. Schools, for example, , example
could introduce communication classes or better still ensure that I
schoolchildren interact with people and organizations outside the
classroom.
I more solutions
~ H Older students can also go on visits to employers and do work
placements. Employers could also have t hei r own in-work ~ more solutions \
communication training sessions using actors and actresses to simulate I
real-life scenarios.
conclusion with a
comment on the ' The problem of a lack of communication ski lls does exist and may even ~
future become a greater problem in the future, but it can be managed if the ~
Useful language
Stating causes . Statin.g solutions
Ii: Sy!'lonyms'ifor cau{~ of. ( uri,8er1¥ing!co'\ltri.putil!lg) ·,. '' i\f The s~lutionfl<ey/ans~er/to the problem( '
factor, reason (forjbehind) situation is ...
: play(s) a f?_art/role in, coAuib,ute(,~) to,
Jllhrases_ can/co\Jld/~hould
if~t:· li· ·f1 :jl · it' :1~11
~s/are t~'e"rJsult of, 11~es~lt(~) fr6'm, lliapperi'f~)/' It is possible to ...
occur(s), because, come(s)/arise(s) from, is/are
Another way/measure is to is another way/
r~sponsiqle for . tf{fl!
;l}ti 'ft, ·~:::
1
mea~ffire.t11 :Iuh:
... ca~"be solved/resolved by ...
Task
educarional centre. When you leave chis in the renovared fishermen 's cottages. 3 The age of information
centre rhrough chis door over here you Apart from the usual souvenirs, you
will go sourh pasr rhe souvenir shop, can buy books on rhe local area and on IELTS Listening Section 3,
where you can also sir down and have rhe work we do ar rhe park, as well as Exercise 4
light refreshments. Immediately afrer picrures painted by anises living in rhe
this building is ... rhe minibus stop. area. @1.s
The minibuses leave from here every And one lase rhing: remember your (D = David; M = Martha)
ten to fifreen minures, if you don't feel entrance ricker to rhe site is nor jusr
like walking rhrough rhe firsr part of D: Hi, Martha. You've found a quiet
valid once. It allows you to come back
rhe park and wish to go srraighr to place.
again any rime wirhin rhe nexr rwelve
the coasral area to explore rhe beach monrhs , so make sure you do nor rhrow M: Hi, David. Yes, bur I chink ir's just
and rhe rocks. You can see here on the ir away or lose it. because we're early.
screen char afrer the minibus stop, the D: Have you done much on collecting
path goes east, parallel to the coast. The IElTS Speaking Parts 2 and 3 marerial yer for your long essay?
first place you come to on the north side & Vocabulary 2: Adjectives of M: Mmm, yeah. I've done quire a lot
of the path is the remains of an ancient
marketplace. East of that and still on
evaluation, Exercise 2 of research. I planned to have it all
finished by roday. And I chink I've
the north side of the path is a very good @1.4 just about succeeded in doing so.
example of an open-air rheatre.
I'm going to describe a museum char D: Mmm. I'm not there yet. I'd like
If you follow the path along here on
I visired in the neighbourhood where co get rhe research rime down
the sourh side you can see rhe remains
I live. My firsr visir took place six considerably.
of a harbour, which is in very good
condition considering how old it is. And months ago, ... mmm ... even rhough M: Ir's difficulr making yourself do ir
the next area is rhe ruins of an ancienr I have been living in the area for rhe on time. But now I'm so used to
village, which rhe path goes through. past rwo years. The museum con rains purring notes and materials into
Afrer this rhe path goes sourh again and exhibirs and displays about the local order as I do it. Everything's stored
stops jusr west of a row of preserved history. There is also a large exhibition elecrronically and ... I also print
fishermen's cottages. of early black and white phorographs our and annorare a paper copy of
... mmm ... showing how rhe buildings journals, and everything.
As you walk around, please do follow have changed over rhe years, along wirh
rhe signs and don 't remove any plants D: You're always so organized.
examples of cloches and rooms from
or artefacts from the site, even stones, people's houses of different periods. M: Nor always. When I was in
as this mighr affecr rhe analysis The phoros were fascinaring as rhey my firsr couple of years as
being carried our by researchers. The showed old forms of transport like an undergraduare, I used to
oldest objects discovered till now by horses and carts, ... mmm ... and rhere accumulare so much information I
the researchers in the archaeological were no cars on rhe roads and houses became overwhelmed by ir.
digs are small rings and necklaces didn't have television aerials or sarellire D: I still do char! I don'r know when
dating from rhe 7,1i century AD. So dishes. There were also rooms with co stop. I wish I knew how to be so
if you remove even rhe smallest piece displays of objecrs chat have been found organized.
of material you mighr be removing on consrrucrion sires, like old pors and M: Ir's not char difficult. I chink ir's
valuable historical evidence, which will vases and some jewellery. These displays possible to do ir quicker rhan I have.
affect rhe historical records. On the all contained minor objects bur rhey The next time round, I'm planning
route, you will come across areas which were very effecrive. I've been back to rhe to gee rhe searching down to about
are being prepared for excavation, or museum several times because iris very a couple of weeks inirially.
where surveys are going on. These old-fashioned and doesn'r have a lor of
areas are restricted to prorect chem, as D: I'm not sure I could do that.
interactive exhibirs .... mmm ... I don't
rhey are very fragile . Some ruins of old really like interacrive exhibits. Alrhough M: Well, I chink we all can. When you
buildings are dangerous because rhey rhe displays and exhibirs are very simple scare off, it's about analysing the
are unstable and so, I'm afraid, rhere and srraighrforward, I found chem essay ride thoroughly and collecting
is no access to protecr the buildings. very effective and ... mmm ... quire ideas. Then keep rhe tide in mind
All areas which are dangerous or where compelling. The simpliciry of the way as you search for evidence and have
research is going on are also protected people lived in rhe pasr in this area was particular rargets co aim for. So
by electronic barriers which will sound very moving when you compare ir co rhe let's say you're using the internee
an alarm if you cross beyond rhe signs. stress of today. Also, as few people visir co do a journal search. Rather than
When you leave rhe preservation area the museum in the afrernoon, iris a searching ar random, stick to a
you will reach the beach in less than five good place to relax. narrow range of key terms co search
minures, even if you walk slowly. The for. Maybe jusr one or rwo, and if
beach is well known for its white sand necessary rhen broaden rhe search
and rocks, which on a day like today will by adding more.
be dazzling. There is a refreshment area D: I think that's my trouble: I
just before rhe beach, with a cafe and go straight in and download
some souvenir shops, which are housed everything I can find even vaguely
Listening scripts
related co the subject and don't really abso rbed in it and before I So, fi rst of all let us look at som e general
know when co stop. know it I've finished, but it's getting past predictions, which some of you
M: Maybe, as well as narrowing down co chat point chat is difficult. may already be familiar with, mainly co
your search initially, you could show yo u how forecasting in any field is
restrict yourself co examining a
4 Leisure and the n otoriously difficult. The past is littered
certain number of sources. environment with strange predictions relating to all
fields, from the ra ilways to the motorcar
D: Wouldn't that be artificial? And IELTS Speaking Part 2, and the electric light. Many of these
what happens ifI miss something?
Exercise 2 seem outlandish co u s now. More
M: No, just aim for it and then if you recent p redictions about devices such
don't find what you want then set @1.6 as television and the h ome computer,
more targets and m aybe change for example, m ay surp rise you. If we
your search words. I'd like co d escribe a day chat I didn 't
look at ch is first slide we can see a quote
go to work a few m onths ago ... ahh ...
D: OK. It might m ake the process a bit when my flatmate and I cook a day off
fro m Darryl Zanuck, a film producer at
more organized than it has been. work. We decided co make good u se of 20th Century Fox, from 1946. H e said
M: And then you might wane to throw chat television wouldn't be able co hold
the time and go somewhere we no rmally
in a bit of random searching. Bue on co any market it captures after the
wouldn't go. We borrowed bicycles from
just like targets, give yourself a time first six m onths. People wi ll soon get
friends who live nearby and headed off
limit and cry co stick co it and also tired of scaring at a plywood box. Next
on a cycling trip along the canal, which
review what you are do ing as you we have chis quote by Tho mas Warson,
runs for miles through the city into the
collect the informati on. ch airman o f IBM , in 1943, who said: ' J
countryside. When we got tired, we, ...
chink there is a world market fo r maybe
D: It all sounds a lot less haphazard ahh ... stopped for a while and watch ed
five computers.' And then much later,
than what I've been doing. the canal boats go by. As the first part
in 1977, according co Ken Olson, the
M: There're obviously loads of of the canal was built up, we were able
president, chairman and foun d er of
to stop for lunch before going on and it
different ways co h elp keep yourself Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC),
focused and find interesting was much more peaceful than the city ...
there was no reason anyone would want
material, but also don't forger ahh ... as we watched people passing by
slowly o n their boats and taking their a computer in their home.
co look at the bibliography
time doing thi n gs. When we reached the If we look at predictions regarding the
accompanying each article when
countryside, we locked up the bicycles telephone we find similar scepticism as
you're searching, and also who has
in a safe place and ... ahh ... walked for co its practicality. A news item in a N ew
quoted the articles.
a while along the canal. I remember York newspaper in 1868 reported char:
D: I do chat but I tend to do ic after I the day well, because ... ahh ... I really 'A man has been arrested in New York
should' ve fini shed searching, and enjoyed the day out, and because it was for attempting to extort funds from
then scare another search. ... mmm ... so relaxing co be outdoors ignorant and superstitious people by
M: Remember, t he search goes on rather than being stuck in a sh op in exhibiting a device which he says will
all the way through the writing the middle of the city. We saw loads of convey the human voice any distance over
process of the essay as new things wild animals and birds and watched metallic wires so chat it will be heard by
come up. But the aim is to organize birds catching insects on the water. the listener at the other end. He calls this
yourself, and cue down on wasting The people o n the boats were frie ndlier instrument a telephone. Well-informed
rime and overloading yourself with than the people in the city and waved people know chat it is impossible.'
information. to us. T he journey back was tiring, but A brief comparison of statistics relating
D: I do some of this, but I'm nowhere it didn't matter as we had s uch a great to media in the Un ited Kingdom and
near as organized as yo u are, day out. the Un ited States will sh ow how wro ng
generally. these predictions have been. We can see
IELTS Listening Section 4,
M: Bue you get good grades for yo ur from t he chart on chis next slid e chat
essays. Exercise 3 acco rding to the World D evelopment
indicators database for 2002, in the
D: Yes, but getting there is not always @1.7 United Kingd o m alone there were
easy. I chink I create extra work
Good m o rning, my name is Dr Hammer 84.49 mobile phones per 100 people.
for m yself and often seem to be
from the Business D epartment at the By comparison , in the USA, fo r the
struggling with the essay when
university and welcome co all of you same year, the corresponding figure
everyone else has finished.
who have come co chis lunchtime was m uch less at 48.8 1. It has recently
M: Yes, but you're good at constructing lecture on Leisure and entertainment: been repo rted that there are now more
an argument within an essay. A rosy future. Before I look at a few m obile phones on the planet than
When you state something, yo ur predictions fo r the leisure and human beings. If we loo k at television
supporting evidence is normally not entertainment industry worldwide in ownership, the figures for both
only clear but also compelling. The the next few decad es, I'm going to talk countries were ve ry similar. The Uni ted
strength of your argume'n ts is ... briefly about past predictions that were Kingdom, ranked l S'h in the world in
D: Maybe, yes. I find it easy to integrate wrong and some statistics comparing 2001, had 97.5 per cent ownership. The
information and present ideas. I get the situatio n in the UK and the USA. USA, ran ked 11 '\ had 98.2 per cent.
Listening scripts
As regards personal computers, the gap I've been looking into doing some M: You 'll need to send in a very brief
between the UK and the USA is more volunteer work. application form along with a copy
striking, with 599.8 per one thousand M: OK, the local ... paper. We just of your CV and ... give the names
people in the UK owning a PC, ranked keep a record of where potential of two referees and then o nce that
12' 11 in 2004; with the corresponding volunteers saw informatio n about h as been processed , ... you have a ...
figure for the USA (ranked 4,1, place) the o rganization. It helps with brief induction course which lasts a
being 762.2 per one thousand people. advertising. mormng.
This was 27 per cent more than in the W: OK.
W:Mmm.
United Kingdom.
M: OK. Is there anything in particular M: You can complete and submit the
So, it is with some timidity chat I come application online.
you'd like co ask about?
co my predictions for the future of the
W: Mmm, ... basically I'd like to know W: OK, I'll do it online. What's the
leisure industry. My first prediction is
what's involved in the volunteering website address?
in the area of h o m e entertainment. I
forecast that the area where the most programme for the elderly. M: It's www.doverhouse.co.uk.
noticeable developments in the leisure M: Well, we are looking for volunteers W: I'll do that right away ... And how
and entertainment industries will be for different things. We have three much time do you expect p eople to
is in home entertainment. With high different schemes. First, there's volunteer for?
definition o r HD television, 30 TVs volunteer work h ere in the office M: At least two hours a week.
and more sophisticated sound systems helping with mainraining our
W: Oh, that's fine. I've got plenty of
becoming more widely available, h ome database o f m embers.
time at the moment. I'm available
entertainmen t will become ch eaper W: Do you need any sp ecial skills for every weekday except Wednesday
and more attractive to families. As with that? mc:-ning and Friday afternoon, and
predictions about the demise of the
M: Well, you n eed to be familiar with I can't do weekends.
cinema when videos and DVDs came on
using a computer and completing M: That sounds fine.
the market, I do not chink that this will
record sheets.
lead to a downturn in cinema-goin g. In
fact, I chink th e opposite will occur with W: Mmm ... T hat's n ot really t h e sore of Language focus: Degrees of
ever more sophis ticated films being t hing I was looking for. certainty & I ElTS Speaking
released. M: OK. T hen there's the second Part 3, Exercise 1
My second predictio n is linked with volunteer sch em e which involves
mobile technology. I predict that the raising money, running events and @1.9
mobile will replace credit cards, travel sending out letters. (E = examiner; C = candidate)
cards and tablets with the end of th e W: Is there anything that involves E: Do you think the world will be free
personal computer in the long term. I working with people? of disease in the future?
predict that chis will come about in the M: Well, there's ... mmm ... th e third
n ext d ecade. C: I'm n ot sure really. It is possible in
sch eme where you m ake friends the dis tant future, but it's unlikely
My third predictio n relates co the with an old person who lives on in the n ear future. Mmm, for
internet and ... their own and you h elp them with exam p le, in order to h ave a world
various things. free of disease we need to get rid of
5 A healthy world W: Mmm. T h a t's more appealing. poverty and educate p eople as well
IELTS Listening Section 1, What sort of things would I be as finding cu res for illnesses.
expected to do? E: And in the distant future?
Exercise 3
M: N othing very difficult. If elderly C: Mmm, in one hundred years' time,
@1.8 people can 't get ou t o f the h ou se for it's likely that th ere will be no more
(M = m an; W = woman) one reason o r another, volunteers illness.
can do t h e sh opping for th em.
M: Good afternoon, Dover House. Cliff
speaking. How can I h elp you? W:Mmm ... 6 Shaping the world and
W: Oh, hi. My n am e's Sh aron Diaz. M: ... or accompany them wh en th ey beyond
h ave a hosp ital appoinrm ent.
M:Hi. Vocabulary: Words related to
W: Yes, that's th e sort of th ing I've been
W: Mmm, I'm phoning about the looking fo r, but I won't have to deal space and place, Exercise S
advert for volunteers to work with with m edication or anything like
elderly p eople who are living on th at, will I?
@1.10
t heir own. (E = examiner; C = candidate)
M: Oh, no. T h at 's for qualified h ealth
M: Oh , yes. Was t h at in the local visitors. We don't get involved E: Do you th ink we rely too much on
paper yesterday or was it the on line in anyon e's medication . Is th ere system s su ch as satellites?
advert for volunteers on o u r website anything else? C: Yes, I think there is a tenden cy to
n oticeboard?
W: So how can I become a volunteer? do so. Mmm, for example if t h e
W: I saw it in t h e local pa per. Actually, GPS naviga tion systems on cars or
a friend pointed it out to me, as a communication satellite broke
Listening scripts
down for a long time, it would have There are just a few things that need 7 A consumer society
a huge impact on social order. It to be pointed out. The first one is the
would result not only in financial organization of the various events. IELTS Listening Section 3,
costs for businesses, but it could These are now all in hand. The Exercise 3
also lead to loss oflife and social refreshments will be in the sports block
chaos. In fact I think it would be because we can attach a large tent to the (!) 1.12
chaotic. side doors in the cafe there. We can't
(T = tutor; Ad= Adam; An = Angela)
E: In what way? use the sports halls for any of the stalls
as people walking around chem would T: OK, shall we start now that you ' re
C: Well, mmm, while GPS systems are both here? Who wants to go first?
mark the newly laid floors, so they'll be
not used that much in my country, Angela? Adam?
out of bounds on the big day. The stalls
phone networks would be affected
will be in the science and arts blocks. Ad: I'm happy to start.
and maybe other communications,
In the arts block, there'li be publishers' An: Yeah. That's fine by me.
so supermarkets might not be able
exhibits and exhibits from local
to order food, which could lead T: So, Adam. How far have you got
businesses and sponsors. In the science
to huge problems, and people in with everything?
block will be the stalls for students'
remote areas might be cut off I Ad: I'd say I'm further along than
work, with posters about the visit to
think we should always ... I thought. I've done a lot of
the Space Research Centre, the meeting
with astronauts and of course the award background reading and I've
IELTS Listening Section 2,
presentation, plus work items from decided on a topic for my research
Exercise 2 all subjects along with displays o_n the project.
(!)1.11 history of the college. The organ1zat1on T: Mmm.
of this is all well advanced. The pupils Ad: Yeah. I've read ... closely ... about
Welcome everybody, good morning will help set things up, as will the
and thanks for coming. The reason for twenty articles so far and about ten
maintenance staff If anvone has any marketing books on the general
arranging the meeting is to make sure questions about this, th~y'll be able to
that we are all up-to-date about the booklist and those three articles you
see me afterwards. suggested on digital expenditure.
progress for the preparation for the
college's anniversary in two months' As always, there are still a few things I've decided to do my research
time, which is focusing this year on that need to be finalized . They are not project on online shopping,
our scientific achievements over the serious, bur I have provisional dates for specifically young consumer's . .
past year, especially the Young Rocket them and would like the various teams perceptions about such shopping m
Scientist Team of the Year Award. to come back to me by the end of the the UK.
As you all know, we've been having week with confirmation. First is John's An: It sounds interesting. I'm relieved
individual meetings, but now that team, which is dealing with catering and it's so different from mine.
everything is firming up I thought it refreshments for the whole day - a big
T: Have you decided to narrow it down
would be wise to have a meeting and and important job, I might say. We need
co check that all catering arrangements to a particular place and age group?
make sure that everyone knows where
are finalized by the twenty-ninth of Ad: I'm thinking of ... teenagers, late
we all are. I think if we hadn't had the
May. As regards the history display teens, say eighteen- to nineteen-
individual meetings up to now, things
of the college, that's, mmm, Mary's year-olds.
wouldn't have gone so smoothly.
team, and this needs to be done by T: OK. That's probably a good group
First of all, just a few general details. the tenth of next month. The student to work on. Have you thought of
The sponsorship that we were hoping displays, that's Angus's ream, have to be the products you're going to ask
for from the various sources has now finished by the end of this week, that's about?
been confirmed and with the support the seventeenth of May. The dare for
from former pupils, I can now confirm Ad: I've selected twelve items and
choosing the design of the invitations, I've got five questions. I've been
that we have raised all of the costs of the is tomorrow, the fourteenth. And thats
anniversary celebration plus SO per cent looking at spending in various
Sara's team. We would like to send them areas such as music ... and films,
to spare. So we don't need to worry on the out early next week so people can have
money front! We have a number of special clothing and sports goods, holiday
the date in their diaries. accommodation, publications like
guests coming to the event. In fact, we .
have the Mayor, Doris Jackson, along with We have a busy time ahead, but we've books, magazines and journals, and
several famous footballers and actors and got so far without too many hiccoughs. tickets for events and electronic
TV stars. I'll reveal the names when we Let's hope it continues chat way. equipment, computer hardware
have the invitations printed. and software ... and food. But in
my questionnaire I think I'm going
As for the invitations, we are sending
to just concentrate on what music
out five thousand, but expect to have
teenagers buy online and their
about two thousand guests on the day.
spending on computers, mobiles .
If more were to turn up, that'd be great.
and the like on the internet and their
We can cater for up to six thousand
perceptions about purchasing items
with the marquee, but we agreed to
there compared to, say, in a shop.
limit it to about two thousand.
Listening scripts
T: And your questions? anything after a couple of weeks, I'd purposes with patients, and how art
Ad: They're fairly straightforward ... I contact the headmaster's secretary. classes can h elp promote creativity
think. Three are about amount with Ad: OK. in other classes in schools. This week
a scale from one to five, with one we ' re going to look at different ways to
T: Secondly, you need to make sure
being the least frequent and five encourage people of all ages to become
that everyone, including the
being the most. I've got them here if involved in art in all its forms.
children, realize that the data is
you want to see them. anonymous and that it will not It's never too soon to introduce children
T: These look fine. be used for any other purposes to art, especially drawing. There are
than your research. This will make many mainstream methods that are
An: Yes, I like them.
the pupils feel comfortable about effective in attracting young children
T: You seem to have been working to art early on in life, such as using
completing the questionnaire. Make
hard, with the preparation you've colouring books at home, watching
sure that you are very polite and
done already. TV programmes, going to art classes
d on 't interfere in any way with the
Ad: Thanks. data collection. at school and even going on visits to
T: And Angela, how far have you got? art galleries, which these days have
An: I think we are going to be all right
educational programmes for children
An: Mmm, I think I'm at about the on all of this because we both have
at both second ary and primary level.
same stage really. the questionnaires ready to go out.
However, som e children never h ave
T: That's good. T: And finally make sure the opportunities like this, even if they are
An: I'm looking at children's questionnaire layout is clear and living in big cities.
expenditure in the UK on selected simple, given the age groups you're
One non-mainstream way of drawing
items, that is children aged eleven both aiming at. If it's too long it'll
people's and especially children's
to fifteen at secondary school, be off-putting.
attention to art, which is really
provided that is that they get pocket An: We can give them to you now as intriguing, is random encounters with
money. I'm going to ask about we've finished them. art in the street, so-called street art.
spending on recreation and culture, Cities have always been full of street
and things like snacks, clothing IELTS Speaking Part 3, performers such as jugglers and singers,
and footwear, communication and Exercise 1 who add colour to otherwise drab
transport. environments, sometimes as part of
T: What would you say the challenges
@ 1.13 festivals such as the Edinburgh Festival
have been for you so far? 1 Do people attach too much value in Scotland.
An: Mmm, there've been many. I to purchasing the latest fashionable A form of street art that is literally
initially thought I'd never finish goods? breathtaking is 30 pavement art,
reading around the subject. There 2 What kinds of goods or services do which has a dramatic visual impact, so
seemed to be so much to read , people purchase on the internet? much so that it is almost impossible
but perhaps the two biggest that to stop oneself from interacting with
I have faced have been narrowing 3 What are the advantages of it. When people first encounter it, they
down the items to ask about and purchasing goods on the internet? stop short on the pavement. Some 30
... I suppose picking the schools to Are there any d isadvantages? pavement art shows vast holes in the
approach to conduct the study. 4 What kind of influence does ground with such realistic perspective
Ad: And it's been the same for m e. advertising have on people's that it almost dares you to walk across
it. It would be difficult to replicate
T : There are a couple of points that spending habits?
this effect on a canvas in a n art gallery,
you need to be aware of when you're 5 Do you think having lots of money which is perhaps why it is so suited to
conducting the surveys. to spend makes people content? the street. However, many of the great
Ad: OK. Why/ Why not? artists of the past employed similar
An: All right. 6 How important would you say it is techniques in architectural paintings, as
T: First, you need to get permission for governments to control people's have interior decorators in large houses,
creating paintings to look like doors or
from the schools where you are spending habits?
going to do the resea rch p roject. crea ting doors that look like bookcases.
8 Culture on the move But, apart from some modern st atues
Ad: We've both got our letters ready if in public places, few have the ability
you want to look at them. But can
IELTS Listening Section 4, to startle you and bring you up short
you say how long it's going to take even when you know it is a pavement.
to get permission? Exercise 3
These works of art on pavements are
T: That's the point. It's difficult to say. ®1.14 temporary and disappear, unless they
You need to get them out as early as a re done on canvasses that are spread
Good m o rning everyone, and welcome
possible. You might get a reply by out over the pavement, which is not
to the third in the continuing series of
return of post or you might wait a really the same.
lectures on using art to raise people's
couple of weeks. If you don't hear Such art comes in for a lot of criticism,
cultural awareness. We've looked at ways
that art can be used for therapeutic as it is not seen as part of mainstream
Listening scripts
If nations around the world build better behave and think can hinder the 2
relationships, this can have a positive development of creativity. The development (2 of home working)
effect on world poverty. Countries can, for 8 ,I may be attractive to employees, but to
example, have cultural exchanges such as some people the idea that such working
art exhibitions or plays. At an educational practices give people freedom is an
level, young people from Australia or the illusion. They quote the negative aspect of
UK can also go on visits to places like these practices (5 to the workers), namely
Answer key · ,, ,
the social impact of people worki ng a lone 3 By contrast, the fundin g for the
and the increased costs of having to pay 1 A 2 minibus stop 3 harbour Technology Museum accounted for 15 per
for heating, lighting and equipment. (3 In 4 village 5 C 6 A 7 A 8 A 9 B 10 C cent in 2000 against 10 per cent in 2010,
latter case, the costs can be considerable 4 a fall of one-third, whereas the National
in both hot and cold climates, and Student's own answers Museum saw on ly a reductio n of one-sixth
if essentials such as computers o r of its fun di n g as chis decreased fro m 30
telephon es break down.) This (1 situation) IELTS Writing Task 1 per cent to 25 per cent.
benefits companies, because less o ffice 1 IELTS Speaking Parts 2 and 3 &
space is needed (4, thus reducing costs for account for, consist of, comprise, Vocabulary 2: Adjectives of evaluation
employers). consti tute
1
2
Studen t 's own answers
lb 2d 3a 4g Sc 6f 7e
Unit 2 The past - public and 2
private 3
1 local h istory
Archaeology rep resents 15 per cent of
2 b lack and white pho tographs
Vocabulary 1 : Collocations - multiple the total student body in 2000.
3 old fo rms of t ranspo rt
combinations 2 Social history made up a smaller
4 on construction sites
proportion of students in 2000
1 5 it is very old-fashioned
compared to 2010, 5 per cent and 20
Student's own answers 6 very simp le and straightforward
per cent res pectively.
2 3 Histo ry of warfare co nstituted 10 per 3
1 A 2 B/D 3 B/ D 4 A/ C 5 AjC cent o f the student body in the history 3 The photos were fascinating as they
departmen t in 2000. sh owed o ld form s o f transpo rt like
3
4 An cient history comprised a smaller horses and carts.
do verb
proportion of the student body in 20 10 5 it is very old-fashioned
carry out verb
compared to 2000, 10 per cent and 25 6 very simple and straigh t forward / very
1nro preposition
per cent respectively. effective and quite compelli n g
sea rch fo r verb
rake part in verb 5 The propo rtion/students stu dyin g 4
undertake verb archaeology was equal to tha t of the 1 ineffective 2 reasonab le
historical adjective history of warfare in 2010, 10 per cent 3 a ppropriate 4 impract ical 5 m ino r
g roundbreaking adjective in each case. 6 crucial 7 unimpo rtant 8 significant
market noun/ verb 4 9 straigh t forward
compelling adjective Student's own answers 5
4 5 1 The changes that took p lace in my
carry out 2, 4,5, 6, 7 1 changed 2 a reliance o n small ho m e town were unim portant to the
into 4 , 5, 7 individual gifts 3 accounted for people.
search fo r: 1, 3 , 5, 6, 7, 8 4 co nstitutin g 5 came fro m 6 t he largest 2 Taking part in a survey isn 't pointless./
take part in 4 ,5 , 6, 7 propo rtion of the total 7 20 per cent and It isn 't pointless to take part in a
undertake 2 , 4 , 5, 6, 7 20 per cent respectively 8 15 per cent 9 a survey. It's a confidence-building
historical 1, 2, 3,4,5,6, 7 much smaller proportion 10 a d oubling experience.
groundbreaking 1, 2, 4,5, 7 in the propo rtion contributed to total 3 Studying history is irrelevant to the
market 2,5 income 11 20 per cent m odern wo rld .
compelling 1, 4 , 5, 7, 8 6 4 It isn 't sen sible to ignore the experi ence
5 o f the past.
Model answer
1 fund ; studies/ resea rch 5 So m e peop le t hink t hat it is impractical
T h e charts provide in form a ti o n abo ut
2 carrying out/ conducting/ doing/ to rely so lely on sponsorship for the
how much money was received by
pursuing arts.
different museums in a European country
3 undertaking/ doing/ conducting/ 6 In novation in industry has been
111 two separate years.
carrying out; research effect ive in developing new p roduc ts.
4 research surveys Overall, it is clear chat half of the 7 D o you think qualificat ions are more
5 evidence museums experienced a rise in their worthwhile n owadays compared the
fundin g and h alf a d ecline. Wh ile for past?
6 analysis/study
the Museum of the Ancient World th e 8 The evidence fro m the study was
6 am o unt of money fe ll fro m 20 p er cent unconvm cmg.
Student's own answers of the total budget to 15 per cent, a 25
6
IELTS Listening Section 2 per cent drop, the Museum of M edieval
Student's own answers
Art was given a 25 per cent increase in
1 fundin g from 20 per cent to 25 p er cent 7/8
Possible answers: research, walk , coastal of the total. The proportion o f fundin g Model answers
area, ruins, route o f walk, m erchandise in allocated co bo th the Natural History A
shop, features o f rhe beach Museum and the Tran sp o rt M useu m also
1
2 went up from 10 per cent to 15 p er cent
Student's own answers and 5 per cent to 10 per cent, respectively. a people travel, have busy lives/ more
impo rtant in the past, especially as it
was difficult to communicate quickly/ IELTS Reading popularity of the radio with the advent
people lived long distances apart of new technologies such as CDs DVD,
1
b Yes, it's crucial, because ... iPads and tablets.
b
c business/studying requires the 3 There was a huge difference between
internet, people expect more instant ·2 the Medieval and Renaissance periods
contact Student's own answers in European history.
2 3 4 The pace of development of TV
a use of mobiles, videophones, Skype, 1 v 2 iii 3 vii 4 i 5 vi 6 Yes 7 No technology in the past decade has
videoconferencing, text messages, 8 Not Given 9 No (the frames were made been considerable./The development
emails all are commonplace and fast of different materials) 10 Yes 11 glare of TV technology has occurred at a
b Even compared to a decade ago, it is 12 image 13 rays considerable pace in the past decade.
very efficient and convenient. 5 The Industrial Revolution had a
Language focus: Using nouns to build significant effect on the economic
c it is possible to contact anyone ideas
anywhere very quickly; send data easily development of the whole world.
1 6 Extreme interest was shown in the
3
la 2c 3b 4c Sc6b launch of the latest ultra-thin laptop./
a head offices and production in
There was extreme interest in the
different parts of the world; people can 2
launch of the latest ultra-thin laptop.
chat by videoconferencing - there is The history of sunglasses
7 The rise in the establishment of
less need to travel the effect of the sun's glare
cities was due to developments
b Definitely, the speed of communication The very first actual recorded evidence of
in agriculture./Developments
between businesses anywhere is the the use of sunglasses
in agriculture gave rise to the
world is now almost instant. any expressions in their eyes
establishment of cities.
c Car manufacturers can send prototypes the end of each trial
8 Analysis of the data from the site was
to other parts of the world to be flat panes of quartz
then carried out by the archaeologists.
produced; products can be made more prescription glasses for the public
quickly as the different stages are A Blessing to the Aged 6
faster. The longest noun phrase: The (very first Student's own answers
B actual recorded) evidence of the use of IELTS Writing Task 2
sunglasses
1 1
a access to more information, views, 3
various reasons for climate changes Student's own answers
ideas compared to the past; in many
in the past/ various reasons for past 2
ways more mature at an earlier age
changes in the climate lB 2A 3C 4C SB 6C 7A 88
b I think it depends, but many seem to be
more confident. 2 the range of consumer products on sale 3
c young people travel more, e.g. going 3 the most dynamic period in the A
abroad to study and work; they set country's history
4
up businesses; use the internet to 4 the answer to the problem of When any school subject is made a (8)
communicate overcrowding in cities
mandatory pare of the school curriculum,
5 a brief description of different types of
2 it does not necessarily mean that it will
ancient buildings increase enough interest in the subject for
a meeting people, studying abroad , 6 the impact of war on people's lives
learning through working students to go on to study it at university.
b Yes, if possible, but it is not always easy. 4 In fact, sometimes it might have the
c work in a cafe, work as an au pair, 2 This refers to different consumer opposite effect.
brings the language to life as have to products that a re being sold. Compulsion regarding history will
solve problems instantly 3 This refers to the fact t hat there was certainly bring (5) the attention of these
a period in history that was m o re subjects to pupils, many of whom might
3 dynamic than other periods. not have considered it (6) a worthwhile
a internet/technology affecting young 4 This refers to the solution to a subject to study. Admittedly, this would
people's social skills; necessary in the problem that exists in cities, namely to in some cases encourage interest in the
modern world as job market is very overcrowding. subject, but on its own as (7) a means
competitive; need to be articulate to get 5 This refers to the fact that there are of encouragement it is not en o ugh. For
on different types of ancient buildings and history, there are m any st rategies that can
b Nowadays, yes, I think that that is they are being described . be implemented to encourage its uptake
definitely the case. 6 This refers to the effect war has on at university.
c job interviews self-expression very people's lives. History could be made compulsory for
important; most jobs not for life - the first few years of secondary school.
short-term so easy to get rid of workers 5
There was a dramatic increase in the During this time lessons could be made
- need to be able to promote oneself interesting and absorbing for students
population of the world in the latter
half of the 20'h century. by (1) visits not just to museums, (2) but
2 The advent of new technologies such to historical sites oflocal and na tio nal
as CDs DVD, iPads and tablets has led interest. (3) Visits to museums such as
to a decline in the popularity of the t he transport museum in London are
radio./There has a been a decline in t he a good way to encourage even primary
schoolchildren, because many exhibits are IELTS Speaking Parts 2 and 3 & then personalize by relating them to
interactive, and engage the students. (4) Vocabulary 2: Adjectives of evaluation developments in their own lives.
Modern facilities such as the internet and 6 At the same time, factual information
1
computers can be used to bring history to like dates, names and places can be
1 sensible 2 practical 3 trivial
life by carrying out simple research into learnt to help put the developments
4 important, not immaterial 5 simple
local history or conducting social surveys. into context and also to personalize
6 most significant 7 definitely worthless
5 the process. While important, this
8 effective
aspect oflearning about history is of
Model answer 2 secondary importance.
C In many parts of the world, a university Students' own answers 7 While there may be some discussion as
education is now becoming out of reach
Language focus: Using nouns to build to its main purpose in the education
financially for many students. Many
ideas system, to impart knowledge or skills
factors have contributed to this situation,
for life,
but there are steps that can be taken to Various important factors contributed
address the problem. to the fall of the Roman Empire. 3
The main factor is the increased 2 The effect of studying history on young Model answer
cost ofliving worldwide. As student people's critical skills must not be An introduction and first paragraph
numbers have increased in recent years, underestimated. supporting the teaching of historical
accommodation and construction 3 An analysis of world history can help facts:
costs along with salaries have risen for us in the development of a better The study of history plays an important
universities, especially in large cities like understanding of modern life. role in the education process of all young
London. Many governments have also 4 The improvement in the infrastructure people. There may be some discussion
reduced their expenditure in areas such as of the city played a major role in as to its main purpose in the education
education, which has meant the burden economic development. system, whether to impart knowledge or
of funding further education at university 5 There is a clear link between an skills for life, but I personally feel that the
level has been transferred from the awareness of history and being able to former is its main function, but that the
taxpayer to students. function in the modern world./A clear latter is also relevant.
link exists between an awareness of
More sponsorship of university students The study of historical information could
history and being able to function in
would go some way to addressing the not be more relevant nowadays to young
the modern world.
problem. Many of the larger universities people's lives, as it gives young people an
6 A general knowledge of many different
in the USA and the UK, such as Harvard awareness of their past and of the world
subjects is better than a detailed
and Oxford and Cambridge, attract large Such awareness can also help workers as
knowledge of one field.
sums of money to their endowment they solve work problems and problems in
7 Extensive research has been done into
funds to help students facing hardship. their personal lives, because knowledge of
the relationship between education and
Such funding can be sought from large the past can help people avoid mistakes
happiness.
companies and philanthropists, as well as
Another reason for studying historical
former university students. To encourage IELTS Writing Task 2
facts is that it helps to enrich people's
such donations, the government could
1 lives by making them aware of their
increase tax breaks for donors.
Student's own answers environment, both physical and social.
Another possible step is the use of
distance learning. With modern 2
technology, especially through the use of True: 2, 4, 5, 6 Unit 3 The age of information
videoconferencing (via telephone lines False: 1, 3, 7
and over the internet), webinars, and 1 The study of history plays an IELTS Listening Section 3
tutorials using Skype, university costs important role in the education
process of all young people. 1
can be reduced. Students can be further 1A203B4C
helped by making courses more intensive, 2 While there may be some discussion as
thus reducing accommodation costs. to its main purpose in the education 2
Alternatively, courses could be made more system, to impart knowledge or skills Students' own answers
modular and spread over a longer period for life, 3
of time, allowing students to finish the 3 I personally feel that the latter is its The listening section is about students
courses when they can afford to do so. main function, but that the former is discussing how to do research.
also relevant. 1 research habits -Question 1
In conclusion, while the rising cost of The study of history could not be more
university education is making it too 2 flow chart - Questions 5- 7
relevant nowadays to young people's 3 journal article search - heading in
expensive for many prospective students, lives.
much can be done to offer help. Questions 5- 7
4 and 5 because the modern workplace 4 a detailed analysis of the essay tide -
Review demands that employees understand first item in Questions 5- 7
the processes oflife and skills that 5 specific targets - second item in
Vocabulary 1 studying history teaches them. Take for Questions 5- 7
lb 2a 3h 4d Sf 6c 7g Se example ... 6 Organize, reduce time wasting and
5 This process can teach young people don't overwhelm yourself with
of the effect of consequences of change information. - last item in Questions
and developments, which they can 5-7
133
Answer key
7 struggling with the essay after everyone 6 Definitely and the overload mainly where paper is produced from wood a nd
else has finished - after Question S stems from technology and the the och er from recycled newspapers.
4 number of b ooks publish ed each year. First of all, when the pine trees in the
1 B 2 B 3 A 4 C 5 key terms 6 time 7 I actually don't think it differs th at pla ntatio n are cu t down, the logs are
limit 7 bibliog raphy S good grades much fro m the past, except perhaps ta ken to a plant where th e removal o f the
9 a n argument 10 supporting evidence th at students m ay not n eed to learn so bark occurs. At the next stage, the logs are
much by heart if they know where to turn ed into chips of wood, wh ich are put
5/6 find information quickly.
Students' own answers into a th ermomechanical refiner, wh ere
7 the wood chippings are refined and th e
IELTS Speaking Part 3 & Language Students' own answers mois ture is extracted. Then the refined
focus: Prepositions wood chippin gs are fed into a m ach ine
IELTS Writing Task 1 wh ich turns them into paper.
1
1 in 2 in to (also in) 3 to 4 for 5 with 1 Once the newspaper h as been print ed
2 Model answers and read, it is left o utside for recycling
1 specialize in 2 associate with 3 benefit 1 a new car: an idea for a new car is collection. The n ewspapers are taken
from 4 result in/ from 5 stem from conceived; the idea is developed ; the car to a recycling p lant where they are
6 elaborate o n 7 coincide with S insist is d esig ned; a prototype is m ade; th e processed. The ink is rem oved fro m th e
o n 9 concern with 10 a rgue with prototype is tested pa per and subsequently it is cleaned and
11 arise from 12 comply with 13 suffer 2 a mobile phone app: see answers for checked. The blending o f the pul p fro m
from 14 depend on 15 distinguish from Exercise 3 the thermomechanical refi n er and t h e
3 a docum entary: a topic/ area is chosen, recycled p ulp takes p lace next and the
3 mixture is fed into the paper-making
the people involved are selected, the
1 result 2 succeed 3 is associated machine. T he recycling process is then
camera crew are prepared, the story
4 benefit 5 differs 6 be distinguished repeated.
board is written, th e locacio n(s) is/
7 arise/stem S comply/ struggle
are selected, the fi lming is done,
9 insisted 10 depend IELTS Reading
the editing is carried out and t h e
4 documentary is sh own 1
Studen ts' own answe rs
2 Model answer
5 1 conception 2 submissio n 3 approval The modern information age has made
Model answer 4 d esign 5 prod u ction 6 testing studying considerably easier in one
7 Many social and rela ted problems 7 refining S u ploading way by providin g lots of information
seem from illi teracy and innumeracy. 3 electronically. On the down side, there is
For example, if yo un g people a re The idea of the app is conceived. now so much available it is difficult to
unable to read or write properly or d o The proposal is submitted. choose what to read.
basic mathematics, they may find it The proposal is a pproved . Slow reading has h elped m e to look at
difficult to find a job. T h ey may n ot The prototype is design ed . information carefu lly in my studies,
even get past the firs t hurdle in a job T h e prototype is produced. as sometimes I tend to look a t things
app lication, which involves form-filling T h e prototype is rested. t oo quickly and cannot take in all the
or writing a CV. The prototype is refin ed. information.
The app is uploaded. Nowadays it's important to be able to read
6
fast when stud ying, working and even for
Model answers 4
leisure as there is so much info rm a tion
1 I think it differs enormously from the Students' own answers
aro und u s. But sometimes it b eco m es
past, because ... 5 overwh elming.
2 First of all, I t hink t h ey will benefit It's easy to get lost on the internet as o n e
Model answer
from even m ore advanced systems surfs from o ne page to another. I often
1 the idea is conceived/ the concept is
where they can locate information forget what I scarred off looking for and
discussed/ discussion of a concept/ the
ins tantly, just like the way we switch on was te a lot o f time.
concept is app roved/the a pp is created /
a light.
it is checked , proofread, reviewed/ 2
3 I partially agree. Universities are
the p rototype is tested/ t h e d esign is Students' own an swers
o ften associa ted with learning factual
finalized/ the app is uploaded o nto the
knowledge, a nd work a nd the real wo rld 3
web/ it is downloaded/ it is u sed
require the use of skills a nd experience, 10 2 G 3 B 4 J S J GA 7 C SB 90
but the situatio n is ch an ging ... 6 10 C 11 bewilderment 12 valid opinio ns
4 Mmm, they have I t h ink resulted in Students' own a n swers 13 crea tive process
students accessing knowled ge much 7
Vocabulary: Verbs related to
faster than the gen eratio n before and l f 2e 3 i 4 c S b 6d 7g Sa 9 h
connections
in making it easier to 'ca rry' knowledge 8
around wit h th em. 1
Model answer
5 Yes, th ey are s uffering from h avin g so 1a 2 b
T h e illustra tio n o utlines the steps in th e
much kn o wled ge to learn th a t t here 2
production of newspapers. It is clear that
isn 't rime to focus o n o n e pa rticu la r a) ch ange/ transformation : translate,
this process involves two main phases, one
area. It 's a superficial age. transform, d evelop
Answer key ·
b) a cause/effect relationship: affect, 3 Studying is often associated with stress. information. In addition, the information
develop, interfere with, create 4 Students and workers alike can suffer load is increasing daily both in paper form
from stress due to the overwhelming and electronically, so the problem is due
c) a connection without any relationship amount of information. to worsen.
indicated: link, connect, associate, 5 Studying and writing essays at In conclusion, despite the obvious positive
correlate, liaise, involve, correspond, university depend on having access co effects of the availabilty of large amounts
belong to, conflict with, match, the relevant information. of information nowadays, the impact
combine 6 Information overload stems from of increasing volumes of knowledge is
3 not being able to select, control and harmul to everyone.
link, translation, connection, association, organize information.
transformation, effect, development, 7 If anyone is faced with too much Review
correlation, liaison, involvement, information, it usually means that
correspondence, belonging, conflict, they cannot read and examine the Language focus: Prepositions
match, combination, interference, information closely.
1
creation 8 The way information is packaged in
1 from 2 in 3 from 4 in 5 from 6 on
software such as apps is transforming
4 7 with 8 from 9 on 10 about
our lives.
1 c, d , e 2 c, d, e, f 3 a, b 4 b 2
9 Many libraries and museums around
5 b, c, d, f 6 e Students' own answers
the world are linked to the internet.
5/6
6 IELTS Writing Task 1
Students' own answers
2 1, 2, 5, 8, 9
1
IELTS Writing Task 2 3 and 4 4, 6, 7
Once the concept is arrived at, it is
1 7 discussed with interested parties
Similarities: same subject, similar Model answer and a proposal is submitted to the
ideas can be used - advantages and Recent years have seen increasing volumes publishing company involved in
disadvantages can be expressed as ways of knowledge being made available developing the app. Afrer that, the
and vice versa, ways can be positive and in the public domain. Such a flood of proposal undergoes a process where
negative information has had a huge impact it.is approved both conceptually and
Differences: different focus/ topic, Basks on people's lives, both positively and financially.
for an evaluation of the development negatively, but, on balance, I think the 2 Once the concept is arrived at
whereas A doesn' t. Students need to write trend is harmful. 3 The illustration shows the process of
a paragraph co express this and then give There is no doubt that having access producing a language app for mobile
evidence to support the evaluation. Some to large amounts of information is phones and tablets.
students tend to state the evaluation in beneficial. Take students studying outside 4 Before being tested, the contents of the
one sentence or using a phrase or word library hours, for example. Having access app are checked, edited and reviewed.
without supporting it. to the internet makes life easier for them, 5 A prototype is then produced, which is
2 as they can research journals and articles tested and refined.
They relate to both A and B. 24 hours a day. The availability of such 6 The next stage is the writing of the app
knowledge nowadays also results in a itself.
3 7 The illustration shows the process of
B reduction in travelling to libraries and
saves students and researchers lots of producing a language app for a mobile
4 time. So the benefits are enormous. phone and tablets. Before being tested,
Introduction: Recent years have seen 8 The illustration shows the process of
increasing volumes of knowledge coming Being overwhelmed by information,
producing a language app for mobile
into the public domain. While such however, is a major negative consequence.
phones and tablets.
a flood of information has an impact It is difficult for everyone, including
9 Generally speaking, the production
on people's lives in various ways , both shoppers, students and researchers, for
process involves three main phases: the
positive and negative, the trend, I feel, is example, to find the right information,
creation of the concept of the app and
harmful. as there is now too much available. For
its development, the production of a
Conclusion: In conclusion, despite the example, a shopper looking for a fridge or
prototype and the launching of the app
obvious positive effects of the availability clothes may be hindered by the amount of
on the web.
of large amounts of information choice available. Likewise, not being able
10 The illustration shows the process of
nowadays, the impact of increasing to examine the information closely is also
producing a language app for mobile
volumes of knowledge is harmful to a problem. Students, for example, may
phones and tablets.
everyone. not have time to read details they come
across on the internet, or indeed in paper 2
5 select, design, include, write, add
journals, carefully enough to examine
Model answers whether they are correct. 2 select, include, write, add
1 Having access to information on the 3 select, design, include, write, add,
There are some positive aspects of having
internet outside library hours makes apply, monitor
access to large amounts of information,
life convenient for students. 4 select, design, include, add, monitor
but it is largely a dangerous trend. Apart
2 The availability of knowledge in 5 design, include, add (monitor)
from the negative impact mentioned
electronic form nowadays results in a Sample noun phrases for 1: the
above, it is easy for people to waste time
less stressful life for students. selection of the information; the
searching through large volumes of
Answer key
writing of the leaflet ; the d esign of the 4 8 more common/ commoner, the most
leaflet; the inclusion of statistics; the b6 cl d3 eS f4 g2 hS common/ common est
adding cf illusrratio ns 5 3/4
3 Students' own answers 1 difficult, more/less difficult, the most/
Model answer 6 least difficult 2 cold, colder, the coldest
the dumping of the computer, the 3 useless/ineffective, m ore/ less useless/
Model answers
transportation of the computer, the ineffective, the most/ lease u seless/
1 Leisure pursuits such as surfing the
removal of reusable compon ents, the ineffective 4 cheap, ch eaper, the cheapest
internet and going on to networking
crushing of the plastic, the recycling of the 5 rich, richer, the richest 6 loud, louder,
sites are really relaxing. All ages can
plasti c, the reusing/ reuse of components the loudest 7 good, better, the best 8
spend hours on the internee each day.
such as m etal, th e ren ovation , repa ir, rare, rarer, the rarest
2 The cinema especially n ow with all the
resale, do nation , reuse of the computer specials effects includ ing 30 brings 5
4 enjoyment to a lot of people. Refer to the online G rammar Reference
Sample verbs for writing a n ewspaper 3 Leisure activities su ch as going to the for furth er inform ation about
article: select, research, check, write, gym increase people's general well- compara tive and superlative adjectives.
include, add, edit, publish being by making them healthy and 6
Sample stages: the selection of the news boosting their immune system . Model answers
item subject, research for the news item/ 7 1 Cities are less friendly than t he
subject, the checking of derails, the writing Student's own answers countryside.
of the article, the inclusion o f quotes a nd 2 C hess is more interesting than video
illuscracions/images, the addition of any IELTS Speaking Part 2 games.
relevant information, the editing of the 1 3 Days out are much more exciting than
article, t he publication of the article Students' own answers long breaks.
5 2 4 Leisure pursuits such as team sports
Student 's own answers a re the most thrilling activity of all.
1 who live nearby and headed off on a
5 O u tdoor sports such as football and
Vocabulary: Verbs related to cycling trip along th e canal wh ich runs
rugby are much more rewarding to
connections for miles through the city into the
play than those in leis ure centres.
countryside.
1 6 The most entertaining film ever is.
2 we, ... mmm ... stopped for a while and
la 2c 3a 4b Sa 6b 7b watched the canal boats go by. 7 Reading books is not the m ost boring
3 much more peaceful than the city ... leisure activity.
2/3
8 Computer skills are one of the most
Model answers mmm ... as we watched people passing
crucial skills to possess nowadays.
1 Reliable information is associated by slowly on their boats and caking
9 Video games are more harmful to
with/ means better ch oice. their time do ing things.
4 I really enjoyed the day out
young people than fi !ms.
2 Footballers are associated with h uge 10 Active leisure pursuits are more
sala ries. 5 it was so relaxing to be outdoors rather
beneficial for physical well-being tha n
3 Happiness can result in good health. than being stuck in a shop in the
passive activities.
4 Money transforms people's lives. middle of the city.
5 Water shortages stem from human 6 loads of wild animals and birds and 7
watched birds catching insects o n the Students' own a nswers
acnv1nes.
6 T h e way we read has been transformed water. The people on the boats were IELTS Speaking Part 3
by tech nology. friendlier than the people in the city
7 Rote learning is linked to good and waved to us. 1
m emory. 3 six h esitations Model answers
4 Leisure time
Unit 4 Leisure and the Students' own answers Do you think it's good to have days off
during the week? Why/why n ot?
environment Language focus: Comparative and example: a half o r whole day off in t he
superlative adjectives middle of the week
Vocabulary: Leisure and entertainment
1 reason: important fo r m ental and physical
1 h ealth not to work all the time
Boch use the comparative. Peaceful has
Students' own a nswers two syllables and requires the words more purpose: to h elp t h em recharge their
2 or less to form the comparative adjective. batteries
Students' own answers The comparative adjective offriendly can In terms of relaxation, is it better to h ave
C an d E potentially yes - harming t h e be formed with more o r less and can also be long or short breaks from work?
environ m ent, also A - u se of electricity/ formed by changing they to i and adding example: sh ort breaks e.g. for a weekend
energy -er. up to 4 days
3 reason: can have more breaks/ less di fficult
2
1 entertainment venue 2 leisure coming back to work
1 easier/ the easiest 2 hotter/the hottest
activities/pursuits 3 leisure centre . purpose: to make it easier to come back co
3 more/ less effective, t he most/ least
4 entertainment industry 5 street work/ for more variety
effective 4 more/ less expensive, the most/
entertainment 6 lig ht entertainment What are th e ben efits of going away for
least expensive 5 poorer/the poorest
7 leisure goods 8 popular entertainment long breaks?
6 quieter/the quietest 7 worse/ the worst
example: complete relaxation/escape 7 The world will have changed While it is projected that the need for
reason: forget work completely dramatically by the end of the century. undeveloped land for both transport
purpose: to replenish energy and to clear (This can be changed to: The world & utilities will be greater than that for
the mind will change dramatically by the end ofthe community services, the demand for the
Time and work century. The future perfect emphasizes former is expected to rise only marginally
Which should be more important for the completion of the action.) in 2030 to 916 hectares afrer hitting a
people: earning money or having time to 3 high of 1,084 in 2015. The demand for
spend with friends and family? land for community services is anticipated
Model answers
example: time is more valuable - spending to fluctuate, falling to 452 hectares
1 According to the UN, the global
time with friends and family or alone compared to 485 in 2011.
population is expected to rise to
reason: healthier attitude to life between 7.8 and 10.5 billion people in Overall, it is clear that the demand for
purpose: to relax/ be creative 2050. undeveloped land is projected to increase
People seem to spend longer hours at 2 Egypt's population and the marginally over the period with the
work than in the past. Why do you think populations of Ethiopia, Sudan and highest demand expected in 2015 in all
this is? the remaining countries of the Nile four areas.
example: young professionals, long hours basin are projected to double by 2050. IELTS Reading
reason: life more expensive/ need more 3 The UK population will rise to around
money for basics 73 million in 2050, according to the 1
purpose: to earn more Office for National Statistics. It's about leisure activities related to
How can work affect people's leisure time? 4 As urban areas, particularly smaller snow and the effect these have on the
example: young professionals don't stop/ towns and cities, continue to grow in environment.
no leisure time size, about 5 billion people are expected 2
reason: becomes automatic to live in cities by 2030. I plant life/ vegetation may be destroyed,
purpose: to keep pace with modern life/ animals may be driven away or become
4
colleagues extinct, people might take plants, ere. as
1 6,051 , residential 2 2030, industrial
2 and commercial, 3,021 3 industrial souvenirs and destroy the environment,
Students' own answers and commercial, residential 4 2025 , rubbish left by people might pollute
IELTS Listening Section 4 residential, industrial and commercial the environment, if certain areas are
5 residential 6 974 overused, they will be destroyed, noisy
1 machines for building or carrying
5
Students' own answers people around will drive off wildlife
1 5
Leisure and Entertainment 3
2 3
2 3 expected, estimated; others: predicted/ Usually towards the end, because the
1 (adverb) adjective 2 noun 3 noun anticipated/ envisaged/ set to problem/ cause and effect need to be
4 number probably with a decimal point 4 simple present (is expected to) , simple discussed first.
5 number probably with a decimal point future (will be required) , future 4
6 number probably with a decimal point perfect (will have risen, sentence 4 - to 1 A 2 B 3 D 4 C 5 C 6 natural water
7 number 8 noun/ noun phrase 9 noun emphasize that the fact that the rise flows 7 animals/wildlife/ (local) fauna
10 noun phrase/ abbreviation will have happened by that time) 8 biodiversity, habitat 9 B 10 E 11 H
3 5 (3) future industrial and commercial 12 F 13 A
1 notoriously difficult 2 television and residential construction on land 5
3 home 4 84.49 5 48.81 6 599.8 char is already in use between 2011 and Students' own answers
7 4'h/fourth 8 home (entertainment) 2030.
9 downturn 10 personal computer/ PC 6 1, 2, 5 IELTS Writing Task 2
7 2
I ELTS Writing Task 1 1
6 To maintain tour business revenue and
1 viability
Model answer
Students' own answers The data illustrates how much 2
2 undeveloped land in hectares will be
3 There is a chance that leisure pursuits Model answers
needed for a range of uses in England up
such as outdoor skiing will have 1 to compete against others/to win/
to 2030.
disappeared by the middle of the to engage with other people/ to learn
As regards industrial and commercial strategies
century. (This can be changed to: There is purposes, it is estimated that there will
a chance that leisure pursuits such as outdoor 2 to relax and to obtain information
be a dramatic rise in demand between 3 to relax/ to enjoy oneself
skiing will disappear by the middle ofthe 2011 and 2015 from 330 to 702 hectares,
century. The future perfect emphasizes 4 to learn cooperative· and team skills/ to
followed by a decline to 549 hectares meet people
the completion of the action.) in 2030. By contrast, the demand
5 The characters in video games are 5 to enjoy oneself/ to relax
for undeveloped land for residential 6 to build up stamina/ to relax/ to see the
projected to become almost lifelike purposes, although considerably greater
in the very near future. (This can sights and views
than that for industrial and commercial, 7 to relax/ to build up knowledge
be changed to: It is projected that the is expected to decline, falling to 2,030
characters in video games will become almost 8 to meet other people
hectares in 2030, afrer a peak of2,373 in 9 to relax
lifelike in the very near future. There is no 2015.
difference in meaning.)
3 6 8
so that people will be encouraged to Model answer Students' own answers
adopt a more active lifestyle.
2 Review
3 To bring performances such as plays
However, financial subsidies of art
and musical concerts to a wider public,
exhibitions and public leisure complexes Vocabulary: Leisure and entertainment
4 in order to help promote fitness and
through sponsorship or grants can help 1/2
reduce health costs.
encourage people to use the facilities. Students' own answers
5 so as to attract people to such facilities.
Such support has added benefits such as
8 to have a break and relax.
reducing health costs by keeping people Language focus: Comparative and
9 to discourage overuse of air travel.
fit mentally and physically and improving superlative adjectives
10 in order to meet new friends as well as
people's lives generally. For example, if
to learn something. 1/2
people are happier they are less likely to
4 Students' own answers
be stressed and a drain on public health
Model answers resources. Moreover, ... IELTS Speaking Part 3
1 to encourage people to use the facilities 7 1
2 to reduce health costs by keeping
Model answer Model answer
people fit mentally and physically/
There is little doubt that modern 1 Do you think leisure activities have a
to improve people's lives/to entertain
technology such as the latest televisions positive effect on people's health? If so,
people/to improve well-being
and other modern gadgets are affecting how?
3 very beneficial - see the purposes/
people, mainly the younger generation, In terms of health, do you think leisure
reasons in 2; it can keep elderly/young
but, at the same time, the benefits cannot activities have a positive effect?
people fit/promote an awareness of
be ignored. How do leisure activities affect people's
the environment/promote responsible
behaviour, etc Modern entertainment devices, such as health?
4 by taking money away from other vital TVs and the internet, can affect people 2
areas such as health to pay for theatres/ physically because they can make people Students' own answers
concerts/leisure facilities lazy, leading to obesity-related problems,
5 education/teaching at school when or worse. For example, if young people IELTS Writing Task 1
young/TV advertising/promotions/free spend hours each day using the computer 1
vouchers for playing games, studying or watching
TV, they are missing out on valuable Model answers
6 only rich can afford/increase in obesity,
exercise. Even worse, long periods of time The 15-29 age group is projected to
etc
sitting using the computer or watching increase in number from 12.471 million
7 No - good value for money and cost-
TV can have serious consequences to 13.543 million.
effective
for your health. Other consequences, There is expected to be an increase in the
8 agree with a few reservations - people
which are harmful for young people, number of those in the 30- 44 age group
do not always appreciate things which
are a reduction in social interaction and from 12.725 million to 13.644 million
they do not see the full value of in
isolation. over the period.
monetary terms
It is forecast that numbers in the 45-59
5 Despite such negative impacts, modern age group will rise less than the younger
TVs and other modern technology age groups, from 12.126 million to 12.986
Model answer
can enhance people's lives enormously million.
Some people believe that supporting
because they provide valuable The 60-74 age group is set to grow in
activities such as entertainment and
information, and also entertainment. number from 9.163 million to 11.981
leisure pursuits using public money
Take the latest TVs. Not only do they have million.
is wasteful. However, while I accept
3D technology, but they can be connected It is estimated that the number of those
that financial help can lead to a lack of
to computer screens and even be used to 75 and over will almost double over the
appreciation of the facilities provided,
connect users directly to the internet. As a period from approximately 4.9 million to
there are clearly many benefits to be
result, a wide range of entertainment and 8.9 million.
gained from financial subsidies.
information sources such as news websites Overall, it is forecast that there will be a
Topic sentences:
can be made available in the home. substantial increase in the population of
1 There is no denying that some people
think that entertainment and leisure A further positive impact is the the UK.
p ursuits should not be subsidized. convenience of technology like tablets. 2
2 However, financial subsidies of art These devices are very useful, especially Students' own answers
exhibitions and public leisure complexes for students, because they are so compact
t hrough sponsorship or grants can help that they can be easily carried around.
encourage people to use the facilities. Further, they can function not just as
Unit 5 A healthy world
3 Subsidies also provide access for people computers, but as ebook readers and data
such as students to entertainment and stores for information, photographs, Vocabulary: Collocations related to
leisure. music and study materials. So they are health
ideal for the modern youth in education.
1
As we have seen, there may be negative
A physical exercise improves health/
consequences arising from the
prevents illness/improves mental well-
use of modern entertainment and
being
communication devices, but still the
beneficial impact cannot be overlooked.
Answer key
B a motorcycle m edic can get to a n 5 Wha t activit ies can you su ggest?/ Ca n 3 It's certain t hat all m edicines will b e
accident more quickly than an you m a ke a list o f possible activities? free in 20 years' time.
ambulance in th e city 6 Can you m a ke a few suggestions a bout 4 It's likely tha t p eople will n o longer
C h ealthy eating - the benefit of fruit a nd t hings th a t volunteers sh ouldn 't h elp work in 50 years' time.
vegetables people with? 5 I t hink we sh ould all be living in a
D p hysical activity - t he benefit of 3 stress-free world in four or five decades'
st a rting at a n early age 1 B 2 A 3 C 4 m o n ey 5 (thei r) t ime.
2 sh o pping 6 medicatio n/ m edicine 6 People a re likely to live twice as long as
Students' own answers 7 two/ 2 refe rees 8 m o rning 9 o n line today in the dista nt future.
10 two/ 2 (hours) 7 In abou t 30 years' time, I thi nk
3
m achines m ay repair people's bodi es in
service: n oun/ verb care: noun/verb 4
their hom es.
financed: pas t pa rticiple ea t ing: n o un Studen ts' own an swers
(gerund) way: n oun education: n o un 5/ 6
Language focus: Degrees of certainty &
lifestyle: noun econ o mic: adjective Model answer
IELTS Speaking Part 3 Diet and exercise
exp enditu re: n o u n public: adjective
1 eating, way 2 educa tion 3 lifes tyle 1 D o yo u think peo p le worry coo much
4 care 5 service 6 econ o mic 7 fi nanced Do you t h ink the world will be free of abo u t diet a nd exercise nowadays? Why/
8 expenditure 9 Pu blic disease in the future? W hy not?
2 No. He says 'but it 's unlikely in the Yes, becau se p eople are bombard ed by
4/5 p rogrammes and h ealt h warnings every
near fut ure' a nd 'I'm n o t sure really. It
Stu dents' own a n swers
is possible in the d istant futu re.' day.
IELTS Speaking Part 2 3 And in th e distant futu re?
IELTS Writing Task 2
4 Yes. H e says ' in o n e hund red years'
1
time, it's likely that th ere will be n o 1
1, 3 and 8 are probably the h ealthiest, if
more illness.' l A 2C 3 B
d o ne properly
2 2
2
1 probability 2 possibility 3 n ecessity Positive: 2, 3, 5, 8
Model answers 4 probability 5 (weak) possibility N egative: 1, 4, 6, 7
All a re good for m ental an d p hys ical 6 certain ty 7 impossibility 8 lack of. , 3
fi tness. n ecessity 9 probab ility
1 good for fitness, get s individuals o u t o f Model answers
3 O essentialjvalid/ cru cialjachievable
the house, m eeting peo ple, helps figh t
obesity, etc. Model answers 1 extremely
2 good fo r all-round fitn ess, relaxing 1 It is possible tha t children will be 2 basic hum a n rig h t, not jus t for th e rich
3 good fo r gen eral fitness, m eeting en co uraged to d o m o re exercise at 3 j ust like foo d a n d water
people sch ool in fu ture. 4 to make th e population healthy a n d
4 meeting people, gets o n e out of t h e 2 It's possible tha t coo many adverts productive
ho use, may involve walking o r do ing about food o n TV are h a rm ful to 5 no
gen eral phys ical exercise people's h ealth. 6 it is essential wha tever the cost
5 general fitness, losing weight, meeting 3 no rewrite p ossible 4
people 4 It's p robable/likely tha t in 50 years' Students' own answers
6 physical exercise a t h om e, d on't n eed a time, foo d shortages will be a thin g o f
5
gym the past.
5 It's possible tha t in future, th e world Model answers
7 meeting people, gen eral fi tness
will be m ore wo rried abou t the lack of 3 so 4 like/s uch as/ for instan ce/ take
8 very good exercise, weight loss
clean wa ter tha n o il. (for example) 5 as a con sequen ce/ so
3/4 6 alt ho u gh/tho u gh 7 n evertheless
6 It's certain t hat cities will be mo re
Students' o wn a n swers
overcrowded than now. 6/7
IELTS Listening Section 1 7 no rewrit e possible Students' own a n swers
8 In the d istant future, it won 't be 8
1
n ecessary fo r p eople to work.
It's a d ialogu e between som eone 9 It's possible th a t wo rking less (can ) Model answer
m aking an en q u iry about volu ntee ring reduce(s) stress a n d make people T h ere is n o d o ub t that both advertising
of som e kind, a nd a recep tion ist. happier. a nd fami ly a nd friends have an en ormous
2 Yes, there a re referen ces to volunteering impact on young people's eating h a bits,
in questions 1- 6 a nd 8 and 10. 4 but I th ink tha t the former has a m uch
3 Where did you see the advert? Model answers m ore powerful effect t han the la tter.
4 T he recep tionis t 1 It's extrem ely likely th a t robots will T h e effect th at fam ily a nd frien d s h ave o n
5 Students' own answers, but p roba bly C look a fter child ren a n d old people in young people's d iet is not inconsiderable,
or A 100 years' tim e. because young people spend a lot of time
2 2 It's impossible fo r machines to wit h both grou ps. So the possibility of
replace docto rs and nurses in the n ear bei ng influen ced by them is great. T h e
Model answers
future. former gro up can be beneficial as well as
4 What words go with the word raise?
Answer key
harmful, depending on the diet that the 5 approximately 45 per cent for 11-year- 2 The best way to keep health coses
family has. For example, if junk food like old girls in 2005/ 06; approximately down is to invest money in preventive
hamburgers instead of healthy food such 38 per cent for 11-year-old boys in the medicine.
as vegetables and fruit is commonly eaten same period 3 It is likely that healthcare in the future
within the family, the chances of any 2 will be very different from today.
young person doing anything different are Students' own answers 4 Health professionals such as doctors
small. Inside and outside school, in order and nurses should be paid more than
3
to fit in, young people are likely to follow footballers and similar celebrities.
le2d3a4b5c
the eating patterns of their friends. 5 Healthcare should be financed by the
4 taxpayer.
Advertising for unhealthy food such
as junk food is difficult for everyone, Model answer 6 Runn ing a health service requires a lot
especially young people, to avoid. For c The highest consumption of fruit of talent and resources.
example, adverts for junk food, which are among gi rls was in those aged 11 7 The economic h ealth of any country
found on TV programmes, in cinemas, in 2005-06 and in the same year depends on many factors, including the
and on street billboards, are often among boys of the same age group, health of the population.
designed to attract young people. The approximately 45 per cent and 38 per 8 Health expenditure in my country is
adverts are often very alluring, making the cent respectively. increasing year by year.
junk food highly desirable. As such, the 5 2
adverts are very effective. Take cinemas, The chart provides information about the Students' own answers
for example. The food that is offered for proportion of children by age group and
language focus: Degrees of certainty
sale is often made up of sugary drinks, gender who consume fruit in two specific
sweets, hamburgers and popcorn. It is periods. 1
difficult to resist the temptation of these, 6/7 It is possible chat I will study medicine
especially when they are advertised on at university.
screen as well before a film starts. Model answer
2 It's unlikely that people will have a lot
The chart provides information about the
The convenience and the cheapness of the of personal space.
number of doctors per capita in vari ous
food such as fizzy drinks and junk food 3 In the future, it is likely that the world
countries in the European Union and
are also highlighted by advertisements, as will be a better place to live in.
the European average, together with the
is its trendiness. For example, the actors 4 It will be unnecessary for people to
proportional increase in the ratio between
are young and attractive. So they appeal work long hours each week.
2000 and 2008.
to a young audience, which is crucial for 5 In my home country, it is probable that
While Germany, Denmark and Estonia the next generation of young people
advertisers, but dangerous for young people.
had the highest doctor numbers per will have a better standard ofliving.
So as we can see, despite the influence capita, exceeding the European average 6 It will be impossible for people to live
of family and friends o n young people's of 3.3 in 2008 with 3.6, 3.4 and 3.4 in the countryside.
diets, advertisements exert much greater respectively, the pattern of change 7 It is possible that finding a good job
influence. between 2000 and 2008 was very different will become very difficult in coming
9 across the three countries, comprising 1.1 years.
Students' own answers per cent, 2.3 per cent and 0.3 per cent
2
IELTS Reading By comparison, whereas France matched Student's own answers
the per capita average for the EU in 2008,
1 3
the ratio rose by a smaller proportion,
Students' own answers amounting to 0.2 per cent, compared to Model answers
2 the EU average of 1.5 per cent. Physician 1 It is possible that healthcare will
1 gadgets 2 aro und 3 integrating numbers in the Irish population were only become more expensive.
4 components 5 liable 6 track slightly lower than the EU average, but 2 It's unlikely that transport will become
the increase in the ratio between 2000 and cheaper.
3 3 Education should become much more
lJ 2H 3C 4E SA 60 7B SA 2008 constituted 4.8 per cent, by far the
largest increase. technologically driven.
9 C 10 B 11 False 12 True 13 Not
Given 4
Generally speaking, while the numbers of Students' own answers
4
Students' own answers physicians per capita are generally similar IELTS Writing Task 2
among the selected countries, the rate of
IELTS Writing Task 1 increase in the ratio varies considerably. 1
Students' own answers
1 Review
2
Model answers They favour prevention.
1 generally more girls than boys eat/ate Vocabulary: Collocations related to
fruit in both perio ds health 3
2 the order/pattern is the same in both 1 Model answers
years for both boys and girls Focus on prevention: effective, less
Model answers expensive, saves money
3 consumption decreases with age
1 In order to promote a healthy lifestyle Focus on cure: costly, not worthwhile, not
4 boys: roughly the same; girls: upwards
among people of all ages, health all diseases can be prevented, quicker
slightly education should be started at school.
Answer key
4 IELTS Speaking Parts 1 and 2 f See the second column of the table in
Model answer questions 7- 10.
1/2 g See the last column of the table in
Paragraph supporting prevention.
Model answers questions 7- 10.
Prevention of diseases is clearly better
1 What's your name?
than focusing resources on cures. For 2
2 Do you have any hobbies/ interests?
example, if people are encouraged to 1 A 2 B 3 C 4 B 5 C 6 A 7 catering
What are they?
take responsibility for their own health, 8 Mary's 9 17,h (of) 10 invitations
3 Have there been changes to places in
through health education in schools
your home town recently? Like what? Language focus 1: Hypothesizing
and TV adverts, then many illnesses
4 Have there been any positive or
such as diabetes, heart disease and joint 1
negative developments in the town?
problems will be prevented. This will save 1 third 2 second 3 first
5 Is there any space for future
considerable sums of money in health 2
development( s)?
budgets as doctors will not have to resort a 6 b 1 c 4 d 3 e 5 f2
6 Is there any room for facilities for
to expensive medicines and operations.
young people in your home town? 3
7 What kind of systems/ infrastructure Model answers
Unit 6 Shaping the world and are needed most? 1 Provided international scientists
beyond 8 Are the surroundings in your home pool their resources, more and more
town/ neighbourhood in recent years breakthroughs will occur.
Vocabulary 1 : Words related to space pleasant? In what way? 2 Unless primary schoolchildren are
and place 3 taught basic scientific processes
1 Model answers through projects such as learning
Model answers Space scientists spend most of their time about space travel, they wi ll be at a
A Satellites help humans connect with out of the public eye, but they have a huge disadvantage later on in life.
each other. impact on people's lives as the technology 3 If there were fewer rules and regulations,
B example of control and shaping they develop finds its way into fields such more young people would set up their
of the physical working and living as medicine and satellite technology. own businesses.
environment Computer software designers impact 4 Even if we managed to explore the
C shaping of the environment to control on our lives enormously, providing for moon and other planets in the near
food production example games for entertainment and the future, it wou ld not be possible to
D preparing a space shuttle to explore the technology we use on our computers. exploit them easily.
world beyond us Research scientists help improve our lives 5 If international governments
through new developments in all fields cooperated on standardizing electronic
2 products, many scientific goods such as
such as food production and preservation,
1 place 2 a gap 3 gap 4 setting computer hardware would be cheaper.
transport and medicine, especially in
5 spaces 6 systems 7 organization
finding new medicines and cures for 4
8 organizations
disease. Model answers
3 People often think of engineers in the Working in teams
Model answer traditional sense of building bridges, 1 to give some criteria, factors,
5 No, as they are crowded and not always but engineers now work in all fields, characteris tics 2 to give some criteria,
pleasant. Take a city like London. There from building bridges to technology factors , characteristics 3 compare several
are too many people and the transport for sportswear such as sports shoes and items or ideas 4 evaluate something
system will soon not be able to cope computing. 5 evaluate something 6 evaluate something
with everyone. 4 5
4 Model answers 3
roomy, spacious, distant, environmental, 1 sports (e.g. football) , work,
spaced, located, local, orderly, organized, volunteering · 6/7
organizational, systematic, chaotic, 2 meeting people, learning new skills, Students' own answers
disorderly socializing, spending time usefully IELTS Writing Task 1
5
1 too much on systems 2 GPS navigation 3 the social aspect, meeting new people, 1
systems 3 social chaos 4 chaotic becoming involved in new situations 1 space centre larger, with admin offices
5 phone networks 6 huge problems 2 school inside town replaced with space
5/6 museum 3 lake almost surrounded by
7 remote areas Students' own answers
town 4 bridge built 5 forest shrunk
6
IELTS Listening Section 2 6 new sports complex 7 town expanded
Model answers 8 most of farmland gone 9 science
a telephone system 1
academy built on farmland 10 hospital
the transport system a See the stem in question 1. converted to space theme park 11 science
my home town b See the stem in question 1. laboratories built on farmland
The coast where I was brought up in ... c See the stem in question 3.
d See questions 4- 6. 2
Leptis Magna in Libya
e See the first column of the table in Mistakes in bold: 1 southeast 2 south
questions 7- 10. 3 Most 6 mostly
Answer key
you don't get seduced into the shop. woodland area, because su ch places given co different charitable cau ses in
5 are very relaxing and far away fro m the the UK in 2008/09. The amount given
stresses of life. to overseas causes is la rgest proportion
Model answer
3 Like many o ther people, the piece in the extract, with children and young
I pollute, avoid, products, services,
of equipment I'd like to receive is people coming second.
hab its, careful, carbon footprint
the latest tablet with couch screen 2
As green consumers are careful not co techno logy, because you can do many lB 2C 3B 4B SD 6A
pollute the environment they avoid t hings with them su ch as draw and
products and services that might cause 3
score notes and photographs easily.
pollution. They will change their habits Model answers
and are careful with things like their IELTS Speaking Parts 1 and 2 2 More 16-25-year-olds (40 per cent)
carbon footprint. 1 participated in informal voluntary
activities than formal activities (25 per
IELTS Listening Section 3 Model answers
cent).
1 Are shops or markets more popular in
1 3 A greater p roportion of 16-24-year-o lds
your country?
Students' own answers (83 per cent) than those aged 25-34 (74
2 Are shopping malls more popular than
2 per cent) listened co music.
small shops in your country?
a questions 5 and 6 b questions 1- 4 4 Sixty-nine percent of 16-24-year-olds
3 Do people prefer to use cards o r cash
c questions 7- 10 and 67 per cent of 25-34-year-olds
nowadays?
considered shopping less interesting
3 4 Do you buy books and music online?
than the ot her activities.
l B 2 C 3/4 C, D 5/ 6 B, E 7 couple of 5 Do you prefer ro buy things in sh ops or
5 Don ations co overseas charities
weeks 8 anonymous 9 comfortable online? Why?
exceeded other cau ses with 12 per cent
10 layout 6 Do you spend a lot of m o ney on m edia
compared to 11 per cent for chari ties
such as books, films or music, or on
Language focus: Countable and dealing with children and young
electronic equipment?
uncountable nouns people, 5 per cent for animal charities,
7 Do you think the cost of certain
and 4 per cent for educational charities
1 electronic item s will come down in
respectively.
No: accommodation and recreation only go future?
6 The worldwid e web is used fo r ordering
with a type of 2 and purchasing goods m ore in the
2 Students' own answers United Kingdom compared co the
electronic equipment (U) 3 other three countries.
cash (U) music (U) computer what the website is D 4
software (U) news (U) car (C) traffic what the website provides C
Model answers
(U) homework (U) medicine (C/U) how often you visit it A
A The proportion of people ordering
information (U) job (C) furnitu re and explain why you
or buying item s onlin e is remarkably
(U) scen ery (U) travel (U) tree (C) like visiting the website B
similar (at around 63 per cent) with
work (C/U) ch ange (C/ U) advice 4/5 the United Kingdom being marginally
(U) entertainment (U) food (C/U) Students' own answers higher at about 65 per cent.
recreation (U)
IELTS Writing Task 1 Paraphrase: Fewer goods were acquired
Examples:
online by people in D enmark, Sweden
cash: coins, paper money music: jazz,
1 and the Netherlands compared co the
pop computer software: video/computer
Model answers United Kingdom (approximately 63
games news: sport, political car:
A This chart sh ows the percentage per cent on average and 65 per cent
convertible, electric traffic: cars lorries
of people o rdering goods over the respectively).
vans homework: essays, tasks :riedici~e:
internee. The extract only gives four B The proportions of people in b oth age
tablets, capsules, syrup information:
countries. It's clear that the UK exceeds groups spending time with friends and
data in charts, knowledge in books job:
the other countries, at around 70 per family were very similar (83 per cent for
role, position furniture: chair, cable
cent, although there is little difference the younger group and 84 p er cent for
scenery: mountain, woodland travel: by
seen between the four countries. the older).
air, car, boat tree: oak, ash work: in an
B The cable shows four types of activities Paraphrase: A slightly larger proportion
office, school, outside, paintings ch ange:
chat people of different age groups in of people (84 per eerie) in the 25-34 age
developments such as new infrast ructure,
England do in their spare time in 2007/ 08. grou p th an the younger (83 per cent)
bridges, etc. advice: verbal, written
Apart from the third item , listening to spent time with their family and friends.
entertainment: TV, concerts, shows food:
music, where the younger age group listen 3 Forty percent of chose aged 16-25
vegetables, meat, fish recreation: games,
more, the proportions of people doing the were engaged in informal voluntary
TV, sport
activities are very similar. activities compared to 25 per cent for
3 formal activities.
C The table is about the participatio n
Model answers in percentage terms of different age Paraphrase: Informal voluntary
1 For entertainment, I'd like co receive groups in different types of voluntary activities seem ed co be more popular
tickets for a live TV show, because I activities (formal and informal) in than formal activities in the 16- 25
have always wanted to be part of a TV England in 2009. The rates vary age group, 40 per cent and 25 per cent
audience. considerably. respectively.
2 I'd like to walk through a very pleasant D The pie chart extract shows the amount 4 Education attracted less support than
Answer key
the other three causes. consumer habits in different ways. (This about a total ban.
Paraphrase: The support for education question is about what and how and Adverts where sports stars advertise
was lower than the other three causes. requires a cause and effect development particular sportswear or cloches is one
5 not just listing ideas and then giving area which can cause problems for young
Students' own answers reasons and examples. However, reasons teenagers especially, and their parents.
and examples are also need ed.) Footwear such as trainers is a good
6/7 5 Beginning: I don't think it's always example. If a sports star advertises a
Model answer necessarily the case. (This question is pair of trainers, they can become highly
The data provides a breakdown of the asking for an evaluation - does it make desirable among young teenagers. This
expenditure by consumers in the United people content or not? Supporting can then lead to the youngsters putting
Kingdom according to different ways of evidence for the student's evaluation is pressure on their parents to buy them ,
paying between 2005 and 2008. required as in an argument essay.) especially if friends have them. In a family
Debit card payment was the top method 6 It is crucial, because ... (This question, with more than one teenager th is can
of payment in 2008, increasing fairly like 5, is asking for an evaluation.) cause friction and financial problems for
gradually from 29.5 per cent to 36.3 per 3 the family.
cent, to capture just over a third of the Students' own answers
Young adults in their lace teens may
market, while that for credit and charge
IELTS Reading be under similar pressure. Even if they
cards barely changed over the period,
are working and have their own money
rising to 19.7 per cent in 2008 from 19.4 1
to spend, they may feel compelled to
per cent in 2005. By contrast, there was Students' own answers
keep up with the latest trends in clothes
a decline in payments by both cash and 2 and. accessories like expensive watches
cheques with the former dropping from 1 paragraph C 2 paragraph F advertised by famous personalities. Being
33.1 per cent to 29.2 per cent and the 3 paragraph A 4 paragraph E trapped into keeping up with t he latest
latter falling proportionately more from 5 paragraph B gadgets can then lead to debt.
15.9 per cent to just 12 per cent, a fall of
3 Yet, celebrity endorsement of consumer
almost 25 per cent overall.
1 D 2 F 3 F 4 C 5 A 6-10 A, C, F, H, I goods in adverts is not all harmful,
Other payment methods, while much 11 professional companies 12 70 per cent because stars can act as role models,
lower than the other means of payment, /% 13 D promoting a h ealthy lifestyle. If buying
amounted to 2.1 per cent in 2005
IELTS Writing Task 2 the latest trainers advertised by a football
compared to 2.8 per cent in 2008 with a
star encourages teenagers to be m ore
low of0.8 per cent in 2007. 1/2 active then that is beneficial. Likewise,
It is clear that while overall expenditure Students' own answers consu'mer products such as healthy food
increased gradually over the period {from 3 and drinks can lead to a greater awareness
£494.5 billion to £524.6 billion), the this equipment = the latest computer of health issues.:'
methods for making payment changed, gadgets like a games console In conclusion, when considering a ban
with cash and cheques becoming less them = parents on celebrities advertising products, we
popular. it = the latest computer gadgets like a also need to bear in mind the benefits in
lELTS Speaking Part 3 games console certain cases and consider whether a total
This = children may try to persuade them ban might not be harmful.
1 to buy it
I Do people attach too much value to They = adverts Review
2 What kinds of goods or services they = during children's programmes
3 What are the advantages of Vocabulary: Words related to consumer
this problem = the face chat the adverts
4 What kind of influence does are shown at the prime time for a young 1
advertising have audience Model answer
5 Do you think having lots of money to This = ban the programmes entirely 1 It helps to boost the economy. As
spend chis situation = TV advertisements people spend, businesses increase
6 How important would you say it is for targeted at children are not acceptable
governments their profits and the government can
in the first line (and then the supporting raise taxes/revenue/ money from the
2 evidence in the rest of the paragraph) spending and businesses.
Model answers 4 2/3
2 Beginning: These days people buy 1 they 2 those 3 They 4 children Students' own answers
everything from food to cars to 5 chem 6 this view 7 them 8 these
collectible items. (The question is products 9 they 10 this 11 them Language focus: Countable and
about 'what', not primarily about uncountable nouns
5
evaluation, but it is good to give 1
Model answer
reasons and examples.) 1 footwear (U) 2 slippers (C) 3 jumper
3 Beginning: The main advantages are Celebrities such as sports stars and TV
personalities are used to advertise all (C) 4 accommodation (U) 5 bedsit (C)
that they are often cheaper ... {Again 6 electronic equipment (U) 7 PC (C)
kinds of consumer products to people
the question is about 'what', not 8 medicine (C/U) 9 syrup (U)
primarily about evaluation, but it is of all ages. T he need for a ban on such
advertising directed at young people in 10 vegetables (C) 11 fruit (C/U)
good to give reasons and examples.)
4 Beginning: Advertising can affect their teens is an idea that I agree with to 2
a certain extent, but I have reservations Students' own answers
IELTS Writing Task 2 3 what happens inside a business - t he 2/3/4/
behaviour, ideas, etc. Students' own answers
1/ 2/3 4 traditional culture is to do with the crafts
Model answers 5
and festivals, e.g. handicrafts, artwork
Model answer
1 and art of a commun ity as opposed to
I'd like to describe a large country hou se
Banning TV advertisem ents won't h ave any say modern cu ltu re. Workplace culture
with extensive gardens in the southwest
effect on children. This is because children is to do with the practices and ideas in
of England that I went to see with a
are not sophisticated enough to distinguish workplaces, e.g. in a bank.
friend last month. The house is situated
between what is a commercial and what is 3 by the sea and the gardens stretch down
part of the programme. For example, if a toy 1 Mainstream 2 Football 3 Modern gently to the seashore. We wen t th ere
wh ich is a character from a TV programme 4 Enterprise by car, as it is q uite difficult to reach by
is advertised during a commercial break, 4 public transport. It was a g reat experience
then it will probably seem like part of the
• celebrity culture is the lifestyle that becau se we were able to visit the house,
programme. So they will not notice any
surrounds fam ous people such as which was full of art deco furnitu re and
difference. Moreover, these advertisements artwo rk. The inte rior d esign of the house
singers, artists, footballers and actors
are often very good entertainment, which
• street culture is th e way of life of people was really am azing with views looking
is why parents do not need to worry about
on the street, such as activities related out over the gard ens to the sea. After
them. Thus, TV advertisements have little
to the behaviour of young people visiting the h o use we wande red round
negative impact on children.
• mass culture is to d o with the the garden s, which were m ore spectacular
2 traditions and customs of the all t h e than the h ou se itself and very large.
TV adverts aimed at children are unethical people in society We really enjoyed wandering round the
because they are coo young co appreciate • contempo rary culture is traditions and different typ es of garden s and taking
what the purpose of the adverts is. They customs or way of life that are current pictures of t he landscapes and the trees.
know that they can possibly obtain the at the present time We didn' t walk right down to the sea
products though, but do not understand and see very much of the gardens as that
that their parents will have to buy them 5
would have taken us a couple of h ours
and that they are not free. For example, if Model answers more. But what we did see we really liked.
a child sees a coy like a doll or a train and 1 In the present age of instant It was good exercise climbing back up
1t is very attractive, he/ sh e is likely to want information, national cultures are through the gard en s again to the shop
it and put pressure o n his/ h er parents to being transformed gradually by diverse where we bought postcards and gifts. It
buy the item, especially whilst in shops. influences. is certainly a place to visit for som eon e
So it is wrong to put pressure on children, 2 Mainstream culture is affected by a who wants to h ave some exercise and a
and hence families, through TV adverts. host of factors and changes grad ually pleasant experience in the fresh air.
Therefore, they should be carefully over time. It is dynamic, not static.
monitored o r even banned. 3 Academic cul ture can som etimes seem IELTS Listening Section 4
3 to be slow to embrace the ch anges 1/2
TV adverts sh ould be carefully ch ecked by that are occurring in the real world, Students' own an swers
parents to protect children from exposure especially the business world.
4 Sadly, local culture is often eroded by
to consumer advertising. The purpose of
global influences. 3
this kind of advertising is to sell products
5 Youth culture is an important 1 all its forms 2 educa tio n al programmes
such as toys and sweets to a largely
influence on the media, yet it is often 3 rando m enco unters 4 3D pave m ent
unsoph isticated audience. As it is the
thought th at it is the media that 5 realistic persp ective 6 tempora ry 7 B
d uty o f parents to protect t h eir children,
influences the young of today. SC 9A lOC
they need to monitor all adverts during
t he TV programmes t heir children watch. 6 Consumer culture is a strong force
Language focus: Defining and non-
which drives the economy of many
For example, they can switch off adverts defining relative clauses
countries in today's wo rld.
when they come on during programmes.
6/7/8 1
T hey can also restrict the amount of T V
Students' own answers a, b: no; c: yes
programmes their children watch.
2 a, b: yes; c: no
IELTS Speaking Parts 1 and 2 3 a, b: yes; c: no
a O n e n on-ma inst ream way of d rawing
U nit 8 Culture on the move 1
people's and especially children's
Model answers attention to art, which is really
Vocabulary: Collocations with culture 1 What kinds of cultural activities/ intriguing, is random en counters with
1 experiences would a visitor to your art in the street, so-called street art.
Students' own answers country expect to see? b Cities have always been fu ll of street
2 How often do celebrations and festivals performers such as jugglers and .
2
take place in your country? singers, who add colour to o therwise
Model answers 3 When/ At wh at time of year d o drab environ m ents, sometimes as part
1 culture in an organization and culture celebrations an d festiva ls take place? of festivals such as the Edinburgh
vis-a-vis th e arts 4 Do you take part in celeb rations and Festival in Scotland.
2 dynamic: techno logy, travel, festivals actively/ passively? C We've loo ked at ways that art can be
communication, advertising, media,
used for t he rapeutic purposes wit h
cultural exchanges
patients.
2 similar, 52 per cent compared to SO per situation, but perhaps the main (one) is
lh 2d 3a 4b Sc 6e 7f 8g cent. While the proportion of women the migration of people away from rural
3 viewing soaps exceeded men by more areas to the cities, (which) tends to occur
Students' own answers than twofold (58 per cent compared to mainly among young people. This process
29 per cent), the reverse pattern was seen of urbanization is very damaging to local
IELTS Writing Task 1 regarding live sport coverage (72 per cent communities, as it means that only the
1 for men and 37 per cent for women). older generations are left behind. With
Students' own answers As regards comedy, history and current (such/the) movement of people, there
affairs programmes, the proportion of is a good chance chat many of those
2 who move away will loose (lose) contact
1 no 2 yes 3 no 4 magazines, least for male viewers surpassed female viewers,
64 per cent and 54 per cent, 44 per cent with their home towns and tradition
boys: poetry, least for girls: manuals or (traditional) practices. They may also
instructions 5 Equal re the types, but it and 34 per cent and 36 per cent and 29
per cent respectively. By comparison, the learn new languages and new customs,
seems girls read more overall. 6 websites, which may further erode the old customs
newspapers, comics and graphic novels, programmes that were more popular
among women compared to men were and traditions. This may then make them
manuals or instructions and factual feel their 'former culture' is old-fashioned
books 7 (the ocher) five food and cookery (46 per cent as opposed
to 30 per cent) contemporary or period and ofless value than the new cultur
3 drama (45 per cent as opposed to 25 (culture) they are experiencing.---
There is a 'va:St significant difference in per cent) and quiz shows (37 per cent as 6
the reading patterns for boys and girls. opposed to 31 per cent). Paragraph 1
Generally speaking, there appears to be 1 a topic sentence: There are many
2 b is more expansive, but the paraphrase causes of this situation, but p erhaps
works great variation in viewing taste between
men and women, except for the news, the main one is the migration of people
3 Not as many More boys as than girls away from rural areas to the cities,
read websites, approximately 58 per films and wildlife programmes.
which tends to occur mainly among
cent and SS per cent respectively. 7
young people.
4 correct Students' own answers
2 an evaluation of the situation: This
4 IELTS Reading process of urbanization is very
Model answers damaging to local communities,
1 3 an explanation of the evaluation: as it
There was a noticeable difference between
1T2T3F4T means chat only the older generations
the proportion of girls compared to boys
who read biogs or networking websites with 2 are left behind. With such movement
approximately SO per cent for the former 1 See paragraph 1, the first sentence of people, there is a good chance that
and just over 40 per cent for the latter. 2 See paragraph 1, the second and third many of those who move away will lose
Fiction books were more popular among sentences contact with their home towns and
girls than boys, approximately SO per cent 3 See paragraph 5, last sentence traditional practices.
and 40 per cent respectively. 4 See paragrc:p h 6, last sentence 4 a relative clause: which tends to occur
mainly among young people/those
While factual books were the second least 3 who move away/ which may further
popular form of reading material for boys, 1 No 2 Not Given 3 Yes 4 No S No erode the old customs and traditions
they were less popular among girls than 6 E 7 H 8 D 9 B 10 G 11 I 12 D 5 a second cause: They may also learn '
poetry. 13 A new languages and new customs, which
may further erode the old customs and
5 IELTS Speaking Part 3 traditions.
Model answer 6 a conclusion: may then make them feel
1
The chart compares the extra-curricular their 'former culture' is old-fashioned
la 2c 3b
reading habits of boys and girls in and of less value than the new culture
England in the year 2007. 2/3 they are experiencing.
Overall, it is clear that there is a difference Students' own answers
7
in the attraction of reading materials with IELTS Writing Task 2
the exception of websites. Model answer
1 All areas of people's lives all over t he world
6
Model answers are undergoing rapid change and none
Model answer more so than traditional ways oflife such
The chart provides information about 1 media/technology 2 technology/video
games 3 running costs - fewer people as festivals and celebratio~s which are
a range of programmes on television vanishing rapidly. This trend is the result
watched by both genders in England in attending 4 internet/ business culture
5 internet/free newspapers of many factors and while the situation is
2007 /8. serious, much can be done to address the
6 low cost of travel/people more mobile
Slightly more men watched the news and 7 technology/ loss of interest in manual situation.
films, the most popular programmes jobs 8 technology 8
for both genders, than women, 73 per
2/3/4 Model answer
cent against 71 per cent and 68 per cent
Students' own answers Most older people have seen life change
against 64 per cent respectively. Likewise,
5 dramatically compared to the younger
the viewing tastes for men and women
There are many cause (causes) of this generation, with some things emerging
as regards wildlife programmes were very
Answer key
and others such as traditional skills and 4 going to the cinema, theatre, attending 2 Literature, poetry, playwriting and
crafts declining. A number of causes have sporting events, going to pop concerts, authors, which was the second main
contributed to this latter situation, but it watching TV association of the word culture, was
can be addressed by various steps. 2 cited by just under 25 per cent.
T he main cause, perhaps, is the rapid pace The second most popular association
Model answers
of development in modern life brought was literature, poetry, playwriting and
1 modern dance, popular music, video
about by globalization. The world is now authors, which was cited by 25 per cent
games, soap operas on TV, light
more connected than before, so new ideas of respondents.
entertainment
and ways of doing things are spreading 3 History, which was quoted only by
2 festivals related to the seasons,
arou nd the world rapidly. For example, about 12 per cent of respondents, came
e.g. spring and harvest, wedding
while in the past basic materials like seventh in the list.
ceremonies
furniture and other household utensils Only a small proportion of people ( 12
3 music such as hip-hop, modern jazz,
were made by hand and the skills passed per cent) quoted history, which came
music videos, video games
down from generation to generation, seventh in the lis t.
4 street dancing, street art, street
now these items like many others are sculpture, performing music 4
mass-produced by machines in one or two 5 technology in all aspects oflife such Students' own answers
locations and shipped around the world. as tablets and smart phones, street IELTS Writing Task 2
Anot her factor is that young people culture as in 4
are required to learn new skills mainly 1
3
revo lving around technology and so older Student's own answers. Model answers
traditional skills lose their value. Hence, the rise of technology, better
yo ung people have no interes t, as there is IELTS Writing Task 1 (Using defining home entertainment, video games,
less need to learn these skills. and non-defining clauses) entertainment on the internet, social
To help maintain the interest in 1 networking, online games
traditional crafts and skills, the answer 1 Concerts that/which are very expensive 2
lies in focusing on the problem at school don't attract students or poor people. Students' own answers
level. Like languages, if the skills a re not 2 Culture, which is very important for 3/4
used, they will d ecline and disappear. So, all of u s, is often undervalued by the
if children are taught crafts like making Model answer
government.
traditional items such as carpets and Perhaps the main factor contributing
3 Films that/which show a lot of violence
furniture by hand, there is a chance to a fall in people going to the cinema
should be banned.
interest in th ese will survive. is the rise of personal entertainment
4 Entry to museums, which are centres of
systems. Nowadays, for example, people
Great value is often attached to items education, should be free.
can watch high-quality films on laptops,
such as clothing, carpets and furn iture 5 People who/that read a lot of books
tablets and mobile phones for less cost
that are hand-made. Therefore, with and newspapers are often well
than going to the cinema. The latter can
careful marketing and advertising coupled informed.
still have the 'wow' factor with 3D and
with apprenticeships a nd targeted 6 The arts, which reach a lot of people,
large screens, but 3D televisions are now
funding, attention can be drawn to need to be subsidized.
becoming more common and cheaper,
traditional skills and crafts and in many 2 thus increasing the appeal of home
cases revived. The least common type of reading entertainment. Being able to watch a film
In conclusion, with care and attention material among boys was poetry on personal devices at any time is very
there is no reason why traditional crafts (approximately 10 per cent), convenient. So it is not surprising that
an d skills within all cultures should not which contrasted with manuals or cinema attendance is being affected.
survive, and indeed thrive. instructions at around 12 per cent.
(Non-defining: additional information
9
added to the sentence) Additional material
Students' own answers
2 While the proportion of girls who read
Review emails exceeded boys (about 60 per Unit 1
cent against 45 per cent), the reverse
Vocabulary: Collocations with culture was the case regarding newspapers, Speaking Part 2
1 with boys at just under 45 per cent and 1
girls about 28 per cent. (Defining: to
Model answers identify which proportion) Model answers
1 meetings with clients, wearing special 1 Do you enjoy living in a city? Why/Why
clothes like suits, going to conferences, 3 not?
atte nding parties, travelling nationally Model answers 2 How often does your family go on trips
and internationally 1 Only a small proportion of people away from home?
2 shopping in person, shopping online, thought culture was too elite, posh or 3 Do you like modern towns or cities?
ad vertising, wasting resources such as boring, which was quoted by about 2 Why/Why not?
packaging per cent of people. · 4 What kinds of places do you visit in
3 ream working, working with colleagues, The idea that culture was too elite, your country?
making friends with colleagues, posh or boring, which came at the 5 Would you recommend these places to
worki ng practices bottom of the list, was quoted by only tourists to visit? Why/ Why not?
about 2 per cent of people
6 \Xlhat is the most modern city you have Language focus: Using nouns to build 2/3
visited? ideas Students' own answers
7 Are old buildings important in your
1
culture? Why/Why not?
The dramatic increase in neu, technology
8 Do you prefer modern buildings ro old
products has made the choice for
Unit S
buildings?
consumers difficult. IELTS Writing Task 2
2 2 The regeneration ofold pai·ts of towns is
Students' own answers needed to ensure the p1-eservation of 1/2
3/4 important buildings ofhistorical interest. Students' own answers
Model answers 3 The impact ofthe study ofhistory on young 3/4
rown/city: noisy, overcrowded, dirty, roo people's /iz,es must not be underestimated.
Model answers
modern/old-fashioned, too many cars, 4 The difference betu,een conducting research
happier people
poor transport system, too expensive, on any subject at uniuersity nowadays and
higher costs of care
costly in the past is enormous.
greater demand on housing
modern building: bright, cheerful, 5 The recent decline in reading newspapers
overcrowding
welcoming, attractive, colourful, brightens and books in paper form has been
longer working life
up everything, made of glass and concrete, attributed to the rise m ebook readers.
unhappier population
beautiful at night 6 The range ofpmducts amilable for sale
higher taxes
on the internet sites of major stores is
Vocabulary: Collocation with nouns increasing on a daily basis. 5
1 7 The 1·ise in the number oftou1·ists l'isiting Model answer
Students' own answers - related ro where national monuments such as temples and Eliminating disease around the world
they live or work or have visited, e.g. London country houses is causing considerable is undoubtedly a worthwhile aim for
harm to the fabric of buildings. all healthcare systems, bur surely the
2/3 8 The number of TV programmes about prevention of illness and alleviating pain
Students' own answers histol'y outnumbers programmes about and suffering are also just as important.
other subjects. Large sums of money are spent annually on
2/3 finding cures for diseases such as malaria
Unit 2
Students' own answers and lifestyle health problems such as heart
Vocabulary 1: Collocations - multiple disease and diabetes. Diseases like rhe
combinations former deserve to have money invested in
Unit 3 them, because they are responsible for large
1 numbers of illnesses and fatalities each
1 evidence 2 records 3 studies/research Language focus: Prepositions year. Other health problems such as heart
4 an investigation S history 6 research disease can also benefit from research to
7 analysis 8 (a) survey(s)/research 1
find a cure, bur these illnesses are sometimes
1 wirh 2 in 3 from 4wirh 5 from
2 caused by people's lifestyles and can often be
6 011
Students' own answers prevented through health education rather
2/3 expensive research programmes.
3/4 Students' own answers
Model answer
1 It is important ro carry out IELTS Writing Task 1
Unit 6
archaeological research because ir can 1
tell us a lot about the past and confirm 1 natural 2 both 3 both IELTS Writing Task 1
historical events such as battles and 4 n1anufacruring
natural disasters such as earthquakes and 1/2/3
floods. Such research is viral ro help build Students' own answers
2
an understanding of how civilization 4
1B2A3C4D
began and its development. This can Model answers
improve our understanding of the 3 1 rhar took place around Tanron
modern world and develop and lead to a Students' own answers
between rhe years of 1985 and 2010.
greater appreciation of the consequences 2 motorway had been built through the
of our actions. As archaeology is so farmland
important, funding at university level is Unit4 3 rhe spread of rhe town to rhe north
essential to provide the experts that are 4 southwards
needed in this field. Volunteers are useful Vocabulary: Leisure and entertainment
S to rhe southeast mainly disappeared
to help do the basic groundwork, bur
1 6 shopping complex was constructed
training experts is essential. 7 being turned into a car park
Model answers
IELTS Writing Task 1 street entertainment, leisure goods, leisure 8 was given over to rhe construction of a
centre, leisure industry, entertainment theme park
1/2/3 9 factories were constructed, while ro
industry, popular entertainment, leisure
Students' own answers the southwest of rhe village more
activities/pursuits, light entertainment
farmland disappeared to build an
airport
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Answer key
10 farmland and woodland being lose co 3 Of the three age groups, d ecorating, Among fruit, apples accounted for th e
d evelopment. handicrafts and gardening greatest proportion by far, amounting
(approximately 40 per cent) was the co 33.5 per cent of the total, clearly more
most popula r among 40- 54-year-olds. than the proportion relating co 'Ochers'
Unit 7 (30.2 per cent). The production of o ranges
( 17.8 per cent), by contrast, was half chat
IELTS Writing Task 2 Writing bank of apples, wi t h fewer peaches and pears
being produced, 8.2 per cent and 7.7
1
IELTS Writing Task 1 per cent respectively, while strawberries
Browsing the internee can be fun , but it
also wastes a lot of time. comprised 2.6 per cent of total frui c
Line graphs production.
2 People tend co be led by advertising
The chart provides information about
when they shop, but it doesn't a lways Bar charts
the number of teachers of both genders
affect people's shopping habits. The chart shows what ch ildren aged 8- 16
in nursery and primary and secondary
3 TV adverts during children 's
schools in the United Kingdom between in the United Kingdom though t abo u t
programmes should be banned, but reading in 2009.
1981/82 and 2007/ 8.
chis (strategy) is not going co stop the
problem. As regards nursery and primary level, There was a greater proportion of gi rls
4 Some people chink chat children don't while there were fewer teachers of both than boys who enjoyed reading very much,
notice the adverts on TV, but they do. So genders than secondary teachers overall approximately 28 per cent and 17 per cent
parents need co be aware of chis (problem). for m ost of the period, female teachers respectively, with the latter being noticeably
5 Companies such as supermarkets constituted the largest number of teachers below the average for the age group of
carry out surveys co gau ge sh oppers' throughout at around 165,000 in 1981/ 82 approximately 23 per cent. By contrast,
preferences. This is not the oi1ly and 175,000 in 2007/ 8. By contrast, there regarding chose who enjoyed reading quite a
practice that companies use co engage was a fall in male nursery and primary lot, the difference between boys and girl was
with shoppers. school teacher numbers from about less marked, although girls in chis category
45 ,000 co about 35,000. still exceeded boys, at just over 30 per cent
2/3 and 26 per cent respectively.
Students' own an swers The pattern for the secondary level
was markedly different with an mverse Approximately 43 per cent of boys enioyed
relationship between the cwo genders. For readin g a bi t, while 35 per cent of girls
example, male teacher numbers declined did so, with girls being below t he average
Unit8
substantially from about 155,000 in of around 38 per cent. The proportion of
fELTS Writing Task 1 1981/82 co about 100,000 in 2007/ 8, boys and girls aged 8- 16 who d id not cake
whereas there was a clear upward trend any pleasu·re in reading was small, around
1 14 per cent and 7 per cent respectively,
in female secondary school teach ers
Model answers from abo ut 125,000 at the beginning of with boys n o ticeably above the average of
l Which age group is/ are involved in th e period compared co approximately 10 per cent.
acting the most? 135,000 in 2007/ 8 Generally speaking, it appears chat girls
2 Which is the most popular artistic Overall , it is clear chat while nursery and in the 8- 16 age gro up li ke reading more
activity for each age group) primary school teacher numbers remained than boys, with the latter clearly disliking
3 Which is the least popular artistic flat throughout the period, numbers at reading compared co girls.
activity for each age group? the secondary level declined, but with
4 What is the proportion of those aged more teachers overall at chis level.
40- 54 who do not participate in any Word count: 172 words IELTS W riting Task 2
artistic activity?
5 How does writing compare across the Pie charts Discuss both t hese views and give your
three age groups? T he charts provide a breakdown of the own opinion.
2 proportions of various types of frui c and Gaining experience in the field of wo rk
Students' own answers vegetables produced along with the total is considered by some as man d atory
3 amounts in millions of tonnes in the for prospective university smdents, but
European Union in 2009. there are o thers who feel chat going co
Model answer
Generally speaking, in term s of volume it university immed iately after finishing
Decorating, handicrafts gardening:
is clear chat considerably more vegetab les school is a m uch better option.
1 Decorating, handicrafts and gardening
were popular among the three age (57 million tonnes) were produced m the There is liccle doubt chat gaining
groups, with chose aged 40-54 forming EU than fruit (36 million tonnes). O f the experience of work is important. Some
the largest proportion Uusc over 45 per former, the 'Ochers' category represented people argue chat such work gives young
cent). almost half of total production (46. 7 people valuab le knowledge of the world,
2 While just under 30 per cent of the 15- per cent) with tomatoes at 29.5 per cent wh ich in mrn helps chem co appreciate
24 age group cook part in decorating, making up t he greatest proportion of the their studies and decide what they wane
handicrafts and gardenin g, it was the vegetables listed. By comparison , wh ile co do in life. For example, if you ng
second most popular activity in chis onions and carrots accounted for a lmost people work fo r a year abroad learning a
similar amo unts ( IO per cent as against langu age, or in their home country in a
group after photography and film at
9 .6 per cent), the production o flecmces foreign bank, it might give them a better
JUSt over 30 per cent.
was much smaller at 4.2 per cent. understanding of the world and their
aims in life . They should then see t he
significance of a university education.
·- ~- .,_,. ..... ~ --,.·-~· -·~-
Answer key
Other people feel that prospective as they can learn to interact with people arise d ue to a range of di fferent factors.
students will benefit from going straight from different cultures. Such sites can However, t his is a situation ch at can be
to university, beca u se they will fini sh also be educa tional as people can contact d ealt wi t h.
their studies earlier than those who rake each o ther in different languages such as A m ajo r facto r is tech nology at wo rk a nd
time off Mo reover, th ey will enter the job Spa nis h a nd German. in th e h o m e, which has led to a sed enta ry
market m ore qualified than chose who As we have seen, d espite t he obvious lifestyle. T his is clearly con nected with
delay their studi es fo r a year and will earn n egative con sequen ces of social media, obesi ty an d , in turn , h eart disease a nd
more. Pros pective s tudents might also their use is a p ositive development. diabetes. At work, for instance, people
lose momentum by delaying their s tudi es. in many jobs such as banks spend large
For example, they might not want to go To what extent do you agree or amounts o f time at their d esks looking
back to studying, thus missing out o n a disagree? What other measures do you at computer screens. This can mean that
worthwhile ex perience. think might be effective? th ey rarely h ave to move aroun d th e o ffic e
In my own opinion, exp erience of wo rk Investm ent in infrastructure can certainly a nd, due to m o d ern pressures, they m ay
is crucial in the modern world, if a nyone have a n impact on employment and also spend their lunch break in the o ffice.
is to find a JOb. So I feel the soon er h ence enhance econ omic activity, bur it is Ho rne life is little diffe rent with remote
yo un g people find out what work is perhaps n o t necessarily th e best method controls, meaning people d o n 't have to
like the better. However, I do nor agree of doing so. m ove to watch TV. Anoth er factor is the
with work prior to university being Large railway a nd road buildin g endless h o me labour saving devices, for
made compulsory. Instead it should be progra mmes obviously stimulate example, robotic vacuum cleaners.
en couraged , as it may not suit everyone, . econ o mic act ivity, because they employ Fortunately, there is m uch t hat can be
and also th ere m ay not be en o ugh JObs to la rge numbers of people. For example, done to solve these problems. Workers
accommodate every young person. if roads a re built, o r imp roved , between a nd students can be encouraged to rake
In conclusion, while work prio r to going m ajo r cities, th is can lead to em ploym ent their lunch away from th eir des ks. Even
to university gives invaluable experi ence during the construction process. Further, simple exercise routines like walking up
to young people, it should be optional as a co n sequence of better connection s, s tairs rath er than taking lifts or escalators
rather than obligatory. there is a good chance economic activity can help reduce the threat of m odern
between th e cities will increase, leading to diseases. Another measure is fo r all
In what ways ... ? Has this become a
increased employm ent. The same applies organi zation s to offer exercise throug h
positive or negative development?
to the constru ctio n of railway lines. subsidized gym m embership, which
Social m edia sires are a rela tively recent
Another equally u seful m easure is to will pay back the investment through a
phenomenon which have had a major
invest m o n ey in education at all levels. healthy a nd productive workforce.
impact on the way p eople communicate
with each other. An educated workforce, for example in
As increased wealth in many cou ntries is
the car industry, can s upply the skilled
The most importa nt effect is th a t such also a reason behind m odern diseases, it
workers modern economies n eed , because
media sites as Facebook have brought is essential to make su re that peo ple do
even in times of unemploym ent t here is
people togethe r in ways never seen no r overeat, and tha t they are con scio us
always a sh o rtage of skilled workers such
before. A good example is a student from of the calorie con tent and the ha rmful far
as engineers, plumbers and electricians.
Au stralia living, working, stu dying or a nd salt in food such as processed m eals.
Likewise, having a s killed work force can
travelling around the world. He o r s he is Proper labelling, advertisi ng a n d educatio n
increase p roductivity, as workers are
able to keep in contact with family and from an early age can help with this.
likely to work more independently and
friends and to m ai nta in friendships made efficiently. As we hav.e seen, th ere a re certai nly
during his/ h er travels. If recent photos m odern-day h ealth issues, but with some
Giving companies tax incentives to
en couragement the problem can be
employ and t rain young people fresh
tackled.
and updates a re post ed on t h e sire, this from sch ool or university is a lso very
can then help keep friendships alive. effective. Just li ke a pprenticeshi p schemes,
As with all good developments, t h ere are a business cou ld be offered tax h olidays
negative impacts. Devoting too much rime if i r rakes on a young worker for say six
to developing 'electronic relations hips' on months o r m ore. If the job becomes
social media sites can result in less time perma nent, then the business could be
being spent o n maintaining and starting given furth er tax refunds. The same could
' real-life' relatio nships. The result can be also apply to businesses in a reas of h igh
a loss of social skills. This is a p roble m unemploym ent to stimulate g rowth, but
for people of all ages, but m ore so a mong for both to work m entors to en courage to
you ng people, who sh ould p erha p s be busin esses are also n ecessary.
developing more real friendships. Another As we have seen, while investin g in
effect is that social m edia sites can be m ajor infrastructure programmes is
addictive and interfere with studies and certainly a sound measure to h elp tackle
even work. unemployment and help the econo my, it
While social m edia sires m ay be o pen to is one of many eq ually effecti ve solu tions.
criticism, on balance, I feel that they a re What do you think are the causes of
a good developm ent. They o pen up t he these problems and what measures
world to people of all ages a nd h elp to could be taken to solve them?
bring peo ple together. It is now possible
Some serious health proble ms such as
to have friends all over the world, which
for the young generation is very beneficial, heart disease, o besity and diabetes are
a direct result of modern life, wh ich
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nat1onal newspaper1noneEurope:)ll country11'l 1992. ts• i n b otb 2002 a nd. 2012. Ste.ft nurober!f >n
2002and2012 o<-lier categorie!f re,....ined. ro,.,qhly the,,_ over
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