THE PLANET EARTH

CHAPTER - 12
 LEARNING OBJECTIVE

• To understand the formation of the Universe & other Celestial bodies

 THE UNIVERSE-
The vast endless space

BIG-BANG THEORY –A Gigantic

explosion in the space created the
universe - galaxies - celestial bodies
 THE BIG BANG
The Universe was concentrated in one mass.

It was extremely dense & hot which eventually exploded with a big bang
and the matter was thrown around all the direction which formed the
galaxies, stars and all other heavenly bodies.
 THE UNIVERSE

VAST ENDLESS SPACE-With millions of

Galaxies, Stars & Celestial bodies.
 GALAXY-MILKY WAY
Galaxies are having millions of Stars. The Solar System along
with its planet belongs to Milky Way or Akash Ganga
MILKY WAY GALAXY
 GALAXY

A system of millions or billions of stars, together with gas and dust, held
together by gravitational attraction is called a Galaxy.

There are many galaxies in the solar system .

Milky way or Akash ganga is the galaxy to which Solar system belongs
 CONSTELLATION

• ORION • LIBRA • URSA MAJOR

THE SOLAR SYSTEM
 THE SOLAR SYSTEM
Solar system was formed about 4.6 billions of years ago.

The Sun ,Planets & other celestial bodies have their own gravity which
holds them in the Solar System .

Each planet takes certain time to complete one revolution around the Sun
.This is called its ‘Year’.
THE SUN-Huge ball of burning gas
 THE PLANETS

8 Planets-Mercury ,Venus ,Earth, Mars

,Jupiter, Saturn , Uranus ,Neptune.
Planet revolve in fixed path called Orbit.
All Planets are spherical in shape they vary
in size & composition.
 THE PLANET EARTH
It is the only Planet where life exists (Biosphere).

Only Planet with water.

Only Planet with optimum temperature.

NATURAL SATELLITE- MOON
 THE MOON

Natural satellite of Earth.

Distance between Moon & Earth

is 384400.

The Moon takes 28 days to revolve

around the Earth.
PHASES OF MOON
ASTEROID
 ASTEROIDS

Asteroids are the small rocky

bodies moving in space.
The Ceres is the largest asteroid.
Numerous asteroids are found
between the orbits Mars &
Jupiter is called Asteroid Belt.
ASTEROID FALL
 METEOROIDS

Rocky & metal debris in the

space are called Meteoroids.
They are seen as a bright streak
of light flashing in the sky.
Larger fragments of rocks
falling on the earth are called
Meteorites.
 COMETS
Comets are made up of dust ,gases
& icy particles.

The revolve around the Sun in

elongated orbit.
 SUMMARY

• Big-Bang –A Gigantic explosion in the space created the universe.

• The Solar System along with its planet belongs to Milky Way or Akash Ganga.
• Solar system was formed about 4.6 billions of years ago.
• Planet revolve in fixed path called Orbit.
• The Moon takes 28 days to revolve around the Earth.
• The Ceres is the largest asteroid.
• Halley’s Comet is a periodical comet visible from Earth after every 75–76 years.
 KEY-WORDS
• Big Bang- A Gigantic explosion in the space which created the universe,
galaxies & celestial bodies is called Big-Bang.
• Constellation-Collection of Stars forming various patterns & shapes in the
sky.
• Waning of Moon-A waning of moon occurs between a full moon and a
new moon in this phase the Moon is getting smaller.
• Waxing of Moon- A waxing of moon occurs between a new moon and a
full moon in this phase the Moon is getting larger.
 HOME-WORK
• Write unique features of each Planet in the Solar System.
• Make a comparison between Asteroids & Comets.
THANK YOU
 Let’s Recall
• The planet with rings made of ice and rock around it is _______.
• The planet also known as the Red Planet is __________.
• India’s first mission to the Moon is __________.
• Asteroids are ___________.
• The unit used to measure distance in space is ____________.
 Let’s Recall
True or False
• The Earth is the third nearest planet to the Sun.
• The period when the Moon becomes smaller is known as waxing.
• Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system.
• Venus is the hottest planet.
• The Moon takes about 30 days to revolve around the Earth.
 NOTES
Q1) Name the most accepted theory about the birth of the universe.
The Big Bang theory is the most accepted theory about the birth of the
universe.
Q2) What is a Star ?
Stars are heavenly objects that are self-luminous i.e. they shine by
producing their own light. This incredible amount of light and heat is
produced by the burning of gases within them. The Sun is also a star.
 NOTES
Q3) Which celestial body lies at the center of our solar system?
The Sun lies at the center of our solar system.
Q4) What holds all the celestial bodies in the solar system in place.
All the celestial bodies have their own gravity of different strengths,
which holds different planets in place.
Q5) What is waxing period of the Moon?
When shape of the Moon seems to be growing it is called waxing period
of the moon.
 TEST
• Follow the link for MCQ in Google form.

https://forms.gle/auudNsrdWiaifj486
THANKYOU