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11 Slope Stability PDF
11 Slope Stability PDF
Er
W
D El
Sl T Failure surface
N
b (1)
′
unit weight of the soil
a) Dry slope
b
Sr
Er
W Failure surface
D El
Sl T
N
!"
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Sr
unit weight of the soil
Er
W Failure surface '& b
D El
Sl T
. 7 87 if 87 9
. 7
N
′ 6 . '& 6 7
7 = unit wt. of water
87 = depth of water level
!" '&
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*+, 0
$ % ′ &'(′
#
!"
'& 6 7 &'(′
#
'& &'
′ &'(′
'& &'
$ &'($
FS=
'& &'
$
Note: the ratio is typically about ½. We can now
'&
compare totally dry to totally saturated FS of a cohesionless
( $ 0) slope drops by roughly 50%. This shows the
significant effect of GW on slope stability.
The effect of water on a slope is two fold:
1. water increases the driving forces because soil
becomes heavier and pore water pressure becomes
higher.
2. water decreases the resisting forces from the shear
strength of the soil because higher pore water
pressures decrease the effective stresses in the soil.
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Sr
Er
W Failure surface
D El
Sl
$ % ′ &'(′
T
N #
!"
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a) Dry state
b) Saturated state
'& 6 7 &'(′
#
'& &'
c) Dry state
&'(′ &' <°
# :. C D. E°
&' &'
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. .
# :
(:?. C)() G<E° . :? @H'
# 1.66
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Embankment (NC)
Embankment (NC)
At the end of
construction, the
increase in shear
stress stops.
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Embankment (NC)
Embankment (NC)
Therefore, ( =0
=0 analysis gives critical FOS.
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Embankment (OC)
The minimum FOS is at the end of pore
pressure dissipation, i.e., c’, φ’ analysis.
Methods of Analyses
Circular method
Dimensionless approach
For Non-
Non-circular surfaces
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Dimensionless Approach
Taylor’s Method
TSA (total stress)
∑ .
#
∑ 8
Stability Number (depends
on the geometry of the slope)
Taylor used the above equation to prepare a chart to determine
the stability of slopes in a homogeneous deposit of soil
underlain by a much stiffer soil or rock.
Assumptions:
No tension crack
Rotation failure
No surcharge or external loading
No open water @ toe
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Taylor’s Method
Procedure to determine the safe slope:
Calculate d = d*H/H,
where d*H = depth from the toe to the top of the stiff layer
and H= is the height of the slope.
Calculate No = FS (γH/su).
Read the value of β at the intersection of d and No.
11
8
H
β
d*H
10
Slope
Firm Base Circles
9
Slope Circle
Toe Circle
Base Circle
Stability number No
8
Values of d
Base Circles
5
N = 3.83 at β = 90o
4
70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
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Taylor’s Method
Example 4.
4
P 0.5 β = 20° and P=0.5
8 ST'U from chart
=7
40
VW 7 2
17.5Y8
# " 6 S.
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c’ =10 kPa
10m
γ= 20 kN/m3 1
su=50 kPa 15m
2
I′ = 20˚
ru=0.5
$ \] \_
=0.05 =1.5
[ ^]\] \]
VW ` 6 a bc =1.752-1.501(0.5)=1
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I′
I′
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I′
I′
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W
T
W
T
-+,
.
Failure surface #
!"
!" . d
d d #
% &'(
#
!"
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L
!"
d d
. 7 87
Failure surface
7 = unit wt. of water $ d % 6 .d &'(′
87 = depth of water level #
′ 6. 6.
d d
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20