LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

GRADE QUARTER / DOMAIN WEEK & LC CODE

LEVEL 4th Quarter/GENERAL DAY NO. STEM_BIO11/12-
Grade 12 BIOLOGY 2 WEEK 1 IIIa-b-6 -7

Name:______________________________ Learning Activity Sheet No.3

Grade & Section: ____________________ Date of Submission: ____________
Written Task No. 3 Score:____/

Learning Activity Sheet No.3

Mechanisms of Evolution

Learning Competencies: characteristics of major groups of organisms present during these time periods
Explain the mechanisms that produce change in populations from generation to generation (e.g., artificial
selection, natural selection, genetic drift, mutation, recombination) STEM_BIO11/12-IIIc-g-9

Activity 1 (10points)
(Lifted from SLM in General Biology 2 Module 3 History of Life on Earth)
Observe the following comic strips, choose any mechanisms of evolution that are applicable to the given
scenario. Explain your answer.

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Activity 2 (10 points)

(Lifted from SLM in General Biology 2 Module 3 History of Life on Earth)

Now it is your turn! Read and fill out the following “I have learned oath.”
Learning about evolution and the mechanisms that cause changes to the gene frequency of a
population is a remarkable involvement! I can now understand how life has evolved over time. I have
remembered that (1.) __________________ is the number of times a certain gene appears in a given
population and the changes that occurs in it may result to (2.) _____________. The diversity in genes
amongst individual is termed as (3.)________________ .

I have learned from this module that there are 6 mechanisms which cause changes to the
characteristics of a population; they are (4.) ______________________________,
(5.)_________________, (6.) ___________________, (7.) _____________________, (8.)
________________, and (9.) _____________________.

Life is indeed a genius! It strives to survive and change its form to adapt to the changes in its
environment! As a result, evolution takes place when the next generation of organisms acquired new
traits from their parents, which are fit for the requirement of the environment where they habituate.

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What’s more amazing is how humans have been doing manipulative evolution of some crops and
animals in the form of selective breeding or artificial selection. With proper precaution, science is
beneficial to society. I ___________________ (write/state your name), do solemnly pledge that I will only
do good and responsible science for my society specifically in learning about the mechanisms that
brought changes to the population.

Activity 3 (25 points)

1. Read the situation below and identify the 5 points of Darwin’s natural selection.
“There are 2 types of worms: worms that eat at night (nocturnal) and worms that eat during the day (diurnal). The birds eat
during the day and seem to be eating ONLY the diurnal worms. The nocturnal worms are in their burrows during this time.
Each spring when the worms reproduce, they have about 500 babies but only 100 of these 500 ever become old enough to
reproduce.”

I. What worm has natural selection selected: (10 points)

AGAINST (Disadvantage)? __________________________________________________________________________________
FOR (Advantage)? _________________________________________________________________________________________

II. Identify the Darwin's 5 points in the scenario above. (15 points)
Overpopulation
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Struggle for Existence
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Presence of Variation
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Survival of the Fittest
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Variations Can Be Transmitted
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Activity 4 (30 points)

Genes are key factor in evolution. It is the blueprint of life. Any changes to it would result to differences, in other words, diversity.
Mutation is the permanent alteration of the nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism Let assume the “original strand
below” is a gene of a specific organism.

(Original Strand)

T H E F A T C A T A N D T H E R E D R A T R A N

(Mutation #1)

T H E F A T C A R A N D T H E R E D R A T R A N

(Mutation #2)

T H E F A T C A T E N D T H E R E D R A T

(Mutation #3)

T H E F A T R A T A N D T H E R E D C A T

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Answer the following questions below. (30 points)
1. What happened to the “strand sentence” as it mutates? . (6 points)
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2. What are the changes made in each strand after it mutates? . (6 points)
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3. Does the message in the original “strand sentence” still the same in each sentence? (6 points)
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4. Locate the error/changes in each mutated strand sentence. (e.g. Strand 3, Base 1-T) . (6 points)
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5. What is the relationship of this activity to your idea about evolution? Explain your answer? (6 points)
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Activity 4 (20 points)

Study the image, and answer the questions below.

A. Study the image below. How would you relate this to evolution?

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B. The ability to transmit variations from parents to offspring is a crucial key in modern evolutionary thoughts.
Analyze the picture, write your observations, and relate it to evolution, and its importance especially in
medicine.

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Assessment (15 points)

(Lifted from SLM in General Biology 2 Module 3 History of Life on Earth)

Let’s see how well you have relished unraveling the reasons or mechanisms that caused changes to the
characteristics of a population from generation to generation by answering the following questions.
Choose and encircle the letter of the best answer.

____1. Evolution is brought by the change in the gene frequency of a population over the next
generation, which among the following is considered the change in gene frequencies because
of chance processes?
a. Artificial Selection c. Gene Flow
b. Natural Selection d. Genetic Drift

____2. The movement of genes or certain traits into or out of a population, that is immigration or
emigration, is identified as what type of mechanism causes a change in the gene frequency of
a population?
a. Gene Flow c. Mutation
b. Genetic Drift d. Recombination

____3. Name the type of mechanisms of evolution that takes place because some female/male species
prefer to interbreed with mates that have certain or predetermined qualities.
a. Mutation c. Non-random Mating
b. Recombination d. Natural Selection

____4. Identify the mechanism of evolution that resulted from the deletion, insertion, substitution, or
inversion of DNA because of radiation or copying errors.
a. Artificial Selection c. Recombination
b. Mutation d. Genetic Drift

____5. Nature “selects” which organisms will be successful.

a. Artificial Selection c. Gene Flow
b. Natural Selection d. Genetic Drift

____6. What type of mechanism of evolution is this: some species exhibit intra-sexual competition leading
to the preservation of genes of those successful organisms?
a. Recombination c. Mutation
b. Non-random Mating d. Genetic Drift

____7. “Survival of the fittest.”

a. Gene Flow b. Genetic Drift c. Artificial Selection d. Natural Selection

____8. A cause of change in the gene frequency of some animals and crops because of humans’
selective breeding or cross-pollination activities on these said organisms:

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 a. Artificial Selection c. Recombination
b. Natural Selection d. Mutation

____9. Which among the following best explain recombination as a mechanism of evolution?
a. Recombination is a natural process which happens during meiosis, it is the crossing over of the
homologous chromosomes that resulted in gene variation and random gene exchange.
b. Recombination is the process of combining two parts of DNA to create a new one in the cell’s
pursuit to fight off foreign bodies.
c. Recombination happens when two identical cells cross over one another and exchange
information between their nuclei.
d. Recombination resulted from the mitosis of cells to repair the damage.

____10. How will you differentiate artificial selection from natural selection?
a. Artificial selection happens when nature dictates the fittest organisms to survive and continue
their generation, while natural selection is a laboratory type of selectively choosing the best
DNA copy from cells.
b. Artificial selection happens in laboratories while natural selection happens in nature.
c. Artificial selection is manipulated by humans and natural selection is dictated by the
environment of the organisms.
d. B and C

____11. What type of mutation can cause evolution or change in the gene frequency of organisms from
one generation to another?
a. Germ-line mutation c. Ionized mutation
b. Individual Radiated Mutation (IRM) d. Somatic mutation

____12. This effect happens after a genetic drift when a huge percentage of population or organisms
are wiped off or were unable to reproduce because of catastrophic events, resulting in change
to the gene frequency of the affected population:
a. Founder Effect c. Bottleneck Effect
b. Healer Effect d. Extinction Effect

____13. Among the mechanisms of evolution, which is caused by the deliberate action and activity of
man?
a. Artificial Selection c. Gene Flow
b. Natural Selection d. Genetic Drift

____14. How will you explain the mechanisms of evolution?

a. These are the processes that cause gene frequencies of the population to change from one
generation to another.
b. Some of the mechanisms of evolution are gene flow, genetic drift, and recombination.
c. Mechanisms of evolution are caused by nature, but sometimes it may also be caused by
accidents or chance processes.
d. All of the above

____15. The following are the mechanisms of evolution that may be caused by an accident or unforeseen
events EXCEPT:
a. Genetic Drift c. Mutation
b. Natural Selection d. Artificial Selection

Reference

General Biology 2 – Grade 12. Alternative Delivery Mode. Quarter 1 – Module 3: Mechanisms of
Evolution. First Edition, 2020.LMRDS Bataan

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