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Switch Gear and Protective Devices

BS Technology
Midterm Examination
Spring Semester- 2021

(NN/Main Campus)

Faculty of Computer Science & Technology Exam Date: 17/07/2021

Instructor Name: Sarwar Wasi Time: 6:00 to 9:00 pm
Marks: 30

Note: Attempt all questions.

Question 1: A 3-phase motor of 45 KVA is required to operate remotely with a signal of 24

VDC, draw a schematic which clear shows the devices required to perform the task with over
load protection, mention the current rating for each protective devices. Assume the task is
required to perform with a single protective device which device will be best suited. (Note:
Devices are selected on ideal conditions). (7.5 Marks)

Question 2: Following are the selection factors of a Fuse: (15 Marks)

1. Normal operating current: The current rating of a fuse is typically de-rated 25% for operation
at 25ºC to avoid nuisance blowing. For example, a fuse with a current rating of 10A is not
usually recommended for operation at more than 7.5A in a 25ºC ambient.

2. Application voltage (AC or DC)

3. Ambient temperature: The current carrying capacity tests of fuses are performed at 25ºC and
will be affected by changes in ambient temperature. The higher the ambient temperature, the
hotter the fuse will operate, and the shorter its life.

Fuse Rating = Normal Operating Current/ 0.75, Suppose normal operating current = 3 Amps so
the selected fuse rating should be 3/0.75 = 4 Amps at 25 degree C.
Fuse Rating = Normal Operating Current/ 0.75

Similarly, if that same fuse were operated at a very high ambient temperature of 70°C, additional
derating would be necessary. Let suppose derating factor at 70°C is 0.65 or 65 percent than the
Fuse rating calculation will be:
Fuse Rating = Normal Operating Current/ 0.75*0.65

4. Overload current and length of time in which the fuse must open.
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5. Maximum Fault Current: The fuse must be selected as to have a greater short circuit rating than
what is available in the circuit (otherwise the fuse can explode and cause great harm to people
and equipment!)

6. Pulses, Surge Currents, Inrush Currents, Start-up Currents, and Circuit Transients.
Nominal melting I2t is a measure of the energy required to melt the fusing element and is
expressed as “Ampere Squared Seconds” (A2 Sec.). This nominal melting I2t, and the energy it
represents (within a time duration of 8 milliseconds [0.008 second] or less and 1 millisecond
[0.001 second] or less for thin film fuses), is a value that is constant for each different fusing
element.

7. Physical size limitations, such as length, diameter, or height.

8. Fuse holder features (clips, mounting block, panel mount, PC board mount, R.F.I. shielded,
etc.)

9. Fuse Standard, such as UL, IEC, MITI or Military

On the bases of above information, Select which fuse is best suited for the given scenario and
provide the reasons of selection:
A Circuit board is design for the military purpose, the PC type board is operated at 24V DC with
the current requirement of 2 to 2.2 amp at 40 degree C, whereas derating factor for 40 degree C
is 0.9. However the fuse should be open at 3 amp within 2 milli second. With the peak pulse
current of 4 amp the I2t value for the fuse is .23 A2 second occurred from the chart. In addition,
the installation space has no limitation accept diameter should not be more than 2.5 mm and it is
important to take care about RF interference.

Fuse A Fuse B Fuse C

MITI standard fuse with the
normal operating current of
2.9 Amp at room temperature,
open circuit current rating for
the fuse is 4 amp open circuit
time of 1.8 milli Second. The
rated start-up current of fuse A
is 0.23 A2 second with a
diameter of 2.3 mm and is not
shielded.
Fuse B with the normal
operating current of 3 Amp at
room temperature, it follows
UL standard with open circuit
current rating for the fuse is
4.4 amp open circuit time of 2
milli Second. The rated start-
up current of fuse A is 0.25 A2
second with a diameter of 2.5
mm and is shielded.
Fuse with the normal
operating current of 3.1 Amp
follows Military standard with
open circuit current rating for
the fuse is 4.5 amp open
circuit time of 2 milli Second.
The rated start-up current of
fuse A is 0.26 A2 second with
a diameter of 2.4 mm and is
shielded.

Question 3) Answer the below questions: (7.5 Marks)

1) What is the difference between short circuit protection and overload Protection, is fuse
can be used for both purpose?
2) For temporary solution is it possible to replace a blown fuse of 24 VDC by a 220 VAC
fuse.
3) What do you know about the inrush current and how it affects the breaker selection?
4) Select a breaker to replace a fuse of 2A and 220 V, Select the pole, current rating and
voltage rating.
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5) Explain the principle how the breaker goes trip due to over current.