ekWM~;wy–1 xf.

kr ek/;fed ikB~;Øe
chtxf.kr

fVIi.kh 3

chth; O;atd rFkk cgqin

vc rd] vki vadxf.krh; la[;kvksa ftuesa izkÑr la[;k,¡] iw.kZ la[;k,¡] fHkUukRed la[;k,¡]
bR;kfn lfEefyr gS]a dk iz;ksx djrs jgs gSAa bu la[;kvksa ij vki ewyHkwr lafØ;k,¡ Hkh iz;ksx
es ykrs jgs gSAa bl ikB es]a ge vkidk ifjp; chtxf.krh; la[;kvksa rFkk chtxf.kr dh dqN
vU; ekSfyd ladYiukvksa tSls vpj] pj] chth; O;atd] fof'k"V chth; O;atd] tks cgqin
dgykrs gS]a rFkk bu ij dqN ewyHkwr lafØ;kvksa ls djk;sx a sA

mís';
bl ikB ds v/;;u ds ckn vki leFkZ gks tk,axs fd%
• ,d O;atd esa pj rFkk vpj dh igpku dj lds(a
• chth; O;atd ds mnkgj.k ns lds(a
• ,d cgqin dks ,d chth; O;atd ds :i esa le> rFkk igpku lds(a
• ,d rFkk nks pjksa esa cgqinksa ds izdkjksa ds mnkgj.k ns lds(a
• cgqin ds ltkrh; ¼leku½ rFkk fotkrh; ¼vleku½ inksa dh igpku dj lds(a
• ,d cgqin dh ?kkr Kkr dj ldsAa
• ,d cgqin ds 'kwU;ksa dks lfEefyr djrs gq,] fn;s gq, pj ¼pjks½a ds eku ¼ekuks½a ds fy,
cgqin dk eku Kkr dj lds(a
• cgqin ij pkjksa ewyHkwr lafØ;k,¡ dj ldsAa

visf{kr iwoZ Kku

• fofHkUu la[;kvksa ds fudk; vkSj mu ij pkjksa ewyHkwr lafØ;kvksa dk KkuA
• izkFkfed rFkk mPprj izkFkfed Lrjksa dh xf.kr dh lkekU; ladYiukvksa dk KkuA

78 xf.kr
 chth; O;atd rFkk cgqin ekWM~;wy–1
chtxf.kr
3-1 chtxf.kr ls ifjp;
1 3
vki la[;kvksa 0, 1, 2, 3, ...., , ,.... 2 ,... bR;kfn rFkk bu ij ;ksx (+), ?kVk (–), xq.ku
2 4
(×) rFkk Hkkx (÷) dh lafØ;kvksa ls igys ls gh ifjfpr gSAa dHkh dHkh v{kjks]a tks v{kj fVIi.kh
la[;k,¡ dgykrh gS]a dk Hkh la[;kvksa dks fu:fir djus ds fy, iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA
eku yhft, fd ge dguk pkgrs gSa fd ^^,d iqLrd dk ewY; ` 20 gSA**
xf.kr esa ge fy[krs gS%a ,d iqLrd dk ewY; = ` 20A chtxf.kr esa ge bl izdkj fy[krs gS%a
,d iqLrd dk ewY; ¼` es½a x gSA bl izdkj] x ,d la[;k dks iznf'kZr djrk gSA
blh izdkj] v{kj a, b, c, x, y, z, bR;kfn] dqfLkZ;kas] estks]a canjks]a dqÙkks]a xk;ks]a o`{kks]a bR;kfn dh
la[;kvksa dks iznf'kZr djus ds fy, iz;ksx fd;s tk ldrs gSAa v{kjksa ds iz;ksx ls ge vf/kd
O;kid :i esa lksp ldrs gSAa
vkb, ,d mnkgj.k ij fopkj djs%a
vki tkurs gSa fd ;fn fdlh oxZ dh ,d Hkqtk 3 bdkbZ gS] rks bl dk ifjeki 4 × 3 bdkbZ
gksrk gSA chtxf.kr esa bls ge bl izdkj O;Dr djrs gS%a
p=4s
tcfd p ifjeki dh bdkb;ksa dh la[;k rFkk s oxZ dh Hkqtk dh bdkb;ksa dh la[;k dks
iznf'kZr djrk gSA
vadxf.kr rFkk chtxf.kr dh Hkk"kkvksa dh rqyuk djus ij ge ikrs gSa fd chtxf.kr dh Hkk"kk
(a) vadxf.kr dh Hkk"kk ls vf/kd Li"V gSA

(b) vadxf.kr dh Hkk"kk ls vf/kd O;kid gSA

(c) le>us esa ljy gS rFkk iz'uksa ds gyksa dks vklku cuk nsrh gSA

rqyukRed :i ds dqN vU; mnkgj.k mijksDr fu"d"kks± dh iqf"V djrs gSAa

'kkfCnd dFku chth; dFku
(i) ,d la[;k esa 3 c<+kus ij 8 izkIr gksrk gSA a+3=8

(ii) la[;k esa Lo;a dks tksMu

+ s ij 12 feyrk gSA x + x = 12, ;k 2x = 12

(iii) nwjh = xfr × le; d = s × t, ftls d = st fy[kk tkrk gSA

(iv) ,d la[;k dks Lo;a ls xq.kk djus ds ckn b × b + 5 = 9, ;k b2 + 5 = 9

5 tksMu+ s ij 9 feyrk gSA

xf.kr 79
 ekWM~;wy–1 xf.kr ek/;fed ikB~;Øe
chtxf.kr
(v) nks Øekxr izkÑr la[;kvksa dk xq.kuQy y × (y + 1) = 30, ;k y (y + 1) = 30,
30 gSA tcfd y ,d izkÑr la[;k gSA
D;ksfa d v{kj la[;kvksa dk vadxf.krh; la[;kvkas dks O;Dr djus ds fy, iz;ksx fd;k tkrk
gS] vr% lafØ;kvksa +, –, × rFkk ÷ dk chtxf.kr esa ogh vFkZ gS tks budk vadxf.kr esa gSA
fVIi.kh
chtxf.kr esa xq.ku ds fpUg dks izk;% yqIr j[kk tkrk gSA tSls ge 5 × a dks 5a rFkk a × b
dks ab }kjk O;Dr djrs gSAa

3-2 vpj rFkk pj

o"kZ 2009 ds eghuksa tuojh] Qjojh] ekpZ----] fnlEcj ij fopkj dhft,A ;fn ge ^o"kZ 2009*
dks ‘a’ }kjk rFkk ^,d ekl* dks x }kjk iznf'kZr djs]a rks bl fLFkfr esa ‘a’ ¼o"kZ 2009½ ,d
fuf'pr la[;k gS rFkk x tuojh] Qjojh] ----- fnlEcj esa ls dksbZ Hkh gks ldrk gSA ;gk¡ ij
x fuf'pr ugha gSA bldk eku cnyrk jgrk gSA ,slh voLFkk esa ge ‘a’ dks vpj rFkk ‘x’
dks pj dgrs gSAa
blh izdkj] tc ge d{kk X ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa ij fopkj djrs gSa vkSj d{kk X dks ge 'b' }kjk
rFkk ,d fo|kFkhZ dks 'y' }kjk iznf'kZr djrs gS]a rks bl fLFkfr esa b vpj gS vkSj y ,d pj jkf'k
gS D;ksfa d ;g d{kk X dk dksbZ ,d fo|kFkhZ gks ldrk gSA
vkb, ,d vU; fLFkfr ij fopkj djsAa ;fn ,d fo|kFkhZ ,d gkWLVy esa jgrk gS] rks mls
fuf'pr dejs dk fdjk;k ¼eku yhft, ` 1000 izfrfnu½ nsuk iM+rk gSA Hkkstu [kpZ ¼eku
yhft, ` 100 izfrfnu½ bl ij fuHkZj djrk gS fd og fdrus fnu Hkkstu ysrk gSA bl voLFkk
esa dejs dk fdjk;k ^vpj* gS rFkk fnuksa dh la[;k tc og Hkkstu ysrk gS] pj jkf'k gSA
vc] fuEufyf[kr la[;kvksa ij fopkj dhft,%

3 4 21
4, − 14, 2 , , − , 3x, y, 2z
2 15 8

3 4
vki tkurs gSa fd 4, − 14, 2 , , rFkk − okLrfod la[;k,a gS]a ftuesa ls izR;sd dk eku
2 15
21
fuf'pr gSA 3x, y rFkk 2z esa Øe'k% x, y rFkk z vKkr jkf'k;ka gSAa vr% la[;k,a 4,
8
–14, vkfn ds leku budk dksbZ fuf'pr eku ugha gSA buds eku Øe'k x, y rFkk z ij fuHkZj
djrs gSAa blfy, x, y rFkk z pj jkf'k;k¡ gSAa
vr% pj ,d ,slh v{kj la[;k gS ftlds fofHkUu eku gks ldrs gS]a tcfd vpj dk eku
fuf'pr gksrk gSA

80 xf.kr
 chth; O;atd rFkk cgqin ekWM~;wy–1
chtxf.kr
chtxf.kr es]a izk;% ge vpj jkf'k;ksa ds fy, a, b, c rFkk pj jkf'k;ksa ds fy, x, y, z iz;Dq r
djrs gSAa fQj Hkh lanHkZ ls Li"V gks tk,xk fd v{kj vpj gS vFkok pjA

3-3 chth; O;atd rFkk cgqin fVIi.kh

mu O;atdks]a ftuesa vadxf.krh; la[;kvks]a pj jkf'k;ksa rFkk ewyHkwr lafØ;kvksa ds fpUgksa dk
lekos'k gksrk gS] dks chth; O;atd dgrs gSAa bl izdkj 3 + 8, 8x + 4, 5y, 7x – 2y +6,
1 x ax + by + cz
, ,
2 x y − 2 x + y + z lHkh chth; O;atd gSAa vki uksV dj ldrs gSa fd 3 + 8
vadxf.krh; rFkk chth; nksuksa izdkj dk O;atd gSA
,d chth; O;atd la[;kvks]a pjksa rFkk ewyHkwr lafØ;kvksa dk la;kstu gksrk gSA
+ ;k – esa ls ,d ;k vf/kd fpà chth; O;atd dks dbZ Hkkxksa esa foHkkftr djrs gsAa fpUg
lfgr fy[kus esa izR;sd Hkkx O;atd dk in dgykrk gSA izk;% chth; O;atd ds igys in
ds ;ksx ds fpUg dks NksM+ fn;k tkrk gSA mnkgj.kkFkZ +x – 5y + 4 dks ge x – 5y + 4 fy[krs
gSAa ;gk¡ x, – 5y rFkk + 4 O;atd ds rhu in gSAa
1 1 1
xy esa dks in dk la[;kRed xq.kkad vkSj xy dk Hkh xq.kkad dgrs gSAa x dk xq.kkad y
3 3 3
1
rFkk y dk xq.kkad x gSA tc fdlh in dk xq.kkad +1 ;k –1 gks] rks fy[krs le; ‘1’ dks
3
ugha fy[kk tkrkA bl izdkj] in x2y dk la[;kRed xq.kkad 1 vkSj –x2y dk la[;kRed xq.kkad
–1 gSA

,d chth; O;atd] ftlds gj esa pj u gks rFkk pjksa ds ?kkrkad iw.kZ la[;kvksa esa gksa rFkk
fofHkUu inksa ds la[;kRed xq.kkad okLrfod la[;k,¡ gks]a cgqin dgykrk gSA
nwljs 'kCnksa es]a
(i) ,d cgqin ds fdlh Hkh in eas pj gj esa ugha gksrk

(ii) cgqin ds izR;sd in esa pj dk ?kkrkad _.ksÙkj iw.kk±d gksrk gSA

(iii) izR;sd in dk la[;kRed xq.kkad okLrfod la[;k gksrk gSA

1 7 1
bl izdkj mnkgj.kkFkZ 5, 3x –y , a – b+ rFkk x 3 − 2y 2 + xy − 8 lHkh cgqin gSAa
3 2 4
2
1
tcfd x − , x + y rFkk x 3 + 5 cgqin ugha gSAa
3

xf.kr 81
 ekWM~;wy–1 xf.kr ek/;fed ikB~;Øe
chtxf.kr
x2 +8 ,d pj x esa cgqin gS rFkk 2x2 + y3 nks pjksa x rFkk y esa cgqin gSA bl ikB es]a ge
viuh ppkZ nks pjksa rd ds cgqinksa ds v/;;u rd gh lhfer j[kasxsA
,d pj x esa ,d cgqin dk O;kid :i fuEufyf[kr gS%
fVIi.kh a0 + a1x + a2x2 + ....+anxn
ftlesa a0, a1, a2, ...an okLrfod la[;k,a gS]a x ,d pj gS rFkk n ,d iw.kZ la[;k gSA a0, a1x,
a2x2, ...., anxn cgqin ds (n + 1) in gSAa

,d chth; O;atd ;k ,d cgqin ftldk ,d in gks] ,dinh dgykrk gSA bl izdkj

1 2 3
–2, 3y, –5x2, xy, x y lHkh ,dinh gSAa
2

,d chth; O;atd ;k cgqin] ftlds nks in gks]a f}in dgykrk gSA bl izdkj 5 + x, y2 – 8x,
x3 – 1 lHkh f}in gSAa

,d chth; O;atd ;k cgqin ftlds rhu in gks]a f=in dgykrk gSA bl izdkj x + y + 1,
x2 + 3x + 2, x2 + 2xy + y2 lHkh f=in gSAa

,d cgqin ds os in] ftuesa leku pj ¼,d ;k ,d ls vf/kd½ gksa vkSj pjksa ds leku ?kkrkad
gks]a ltkrh; ¼leku½ in dgykrs gSAa
mnkgj.kkFkZ O;atd
3xy + 9x + 8xy – 7x + 2x2
esa in 3xy rFkk 8 xy ltkrh; in gSAa blh izdkj] in 9x rFkk –7x Hkh ltkrh; gS]a tcfd
in 9x vkSj 2x2 ltkrh; in ugha gSAa tks in ltkrh; in ugha gksrs] os fotkrh; ¼vleku½
in dgykrs gSAa mijksDr mnkgj.k esa in 3xy rFkk –7x fotkrh; in gSAa
/;ku jf[k, fd vadxf.krh; la[;k,a ltkrh; in gksrs gSAa mnkgj.kkFkZ] cgqinksa x2 + 2x + 3 rFkk
x3 – 5 es a ] 3 rFkk – 5 dks ltkrh; in fy;k tkrk gS ] D;ka s f d 3 = 3x0 rFkk
– 5 = – 5x0.
cgqin
2x2 – 3xy + 9y2 – 7y + 8
ds lHkh in fotkrh; gS]a D;ksfa d O;atd eas dksbZ Hkh ltkrh; in ugha gSA
mnkgj.k 3.1: cgqin 2x2y + 5 esa pj rFkk vpj fyf[k,A
gy: pj : x vkSj y
vpj: 2 rFkk 5

82 xf.kr
chth; O;atd rFkk cgqin ekWM~;wy–1
chtxf.kr
mnkgj.k 3.2: 8x y esa2 3

(i) x2y3 (ii) x2 (iii) y3

ds xq.kkad fyf[k,A
gy: (i) 8x2y3 = 8 × (x2y3) fVIi.kh

∴ x2y3 dk xq.kkad 8 gSA

(ii) 8x2y3 = 8y3 ×(x2)
∴ x2 dk xq.kkad 8y3 gSA
(iii) 8x2y3 = 8x2 ×(y3)
∴ y3 dk xq.kkad 8x2 gSA

5 1
mnkgj.k 3.3: O;atd 3x 2 y − x − y + 2 ds in fyf[k,A
2 3
gy: fn;s gq, cgqin ds in gS%a
5 1
3x2y, − x, − y , + 2
2 3
mnkgj.k 3.4: fuEufyf[kr chth; O;atdksa esa ls dkSu dkSu ls cgqin gS%a
1 1
(i) + x 3 − 2x 2 + 6 x (ii) x +
2 x
(iii) 2x2 + 3x –5 x + 6 (iv) 5 – x – x2 – x3
gy: (i) rFkk (iv) cgqin gSAa
1
(ii) ea]s nwljk in = x −1 gSA D;kafs d nwljs in esa pj x dk ?kkrkad _.kkRed gS] vr%
x
O;atd cgqin ugha gSA
1
(iii) es]a rhljk in − 5 x = −5x 2 gSA D;ksfa d rhljs in esa pj x dk ?kkrakd ,d
fHkUu gS] vr% O;atd cgqin ugha gSA
mnkgj.k 3.5: fuEufyf[kr O;atdksa esa izR;sd ds ltkrh; in fyf[k,A
1 2
(ii) x − 2 y − x + 3y − 8
2
(i) x + y + 2
2

2 1 5 1
(iii) 1 – 2xy + 2x2y – 2xy2 + 5x2y2 (iv) y− z+ y+
3 3 3 3
xf.kr 83
 ekWM~;wy–1 xf.kr ek/;fed ikB~;Øe
chtxf.kr
gy: (i) bl O;atd esa dksbZ ltkrh; in ugha gSA

1 2
(ii) x2 rFkk − x ltkrh; in gSA –2y rFkk 3 y Hkh ltkrh; in gSAa
2
fVIi.kh (iii) blesa dksbZ Hkh ltkrh; in ugha gSA

2
(iv) y rFkk 5 y ltkrh; in gSAa
3 3

ns[ksa vkius fdruk lh[kk 3-1

1. fuEufyf[kr esa izR;sd ds fy, pj rFkk vpj fyf[k,%
2 1 4 2 3
(i) 1 + y (ii) x+ y+7 (iii) x y
3 3 5
2 5 1 1
(iv) xy + (v) 2x2 + y2 – 8 (vi) x +
5 2 x
2. 2x2y es]a
(i) x2y (ii) x2 (iii) y
ds xq.kkad fyf[k,A
3. pj rFkk lafØ;kvksa ds fpUgksa dk iz;ksx djds fuEufyf[kr 'kkfCnd dFkuksa dks chth;
dFkuksa esa O;Dr dhft,%
(i) ,d la[;k ls rhu de 15 ds cjkcj gksrk gSA
(ii) ,d la[;k ls 5 vf/kd 22 gksrk gSA
4. fuEufyf[kr O;atdksa esa ls izR;sd ds in fyf[k,%
1
(iii) x y − 2xy −
2 2
(i) 2 + abc (ii) a + b + c + 2
2
1 3 2
(iv) x y
8
5. fuEufyf[kr cgqinksa esa ls izR;sd esa ltkrh; inksa dks igpkfu,%
1 2 1 2
(i) – xy2 + x2y + y2 + yx (ii) 6a + 6b – 3ab + a b + ab
3 4
1 2
(iii) ax2 + by2 + 2c – a2x – b2y – c
3

84 xf.kr
chth; O;atd rFkk cgqin ekWM~;wy–1
chtxf.kr
6. fuEufyf[kr chth; O;atdksa esa ls dkSu dkSu ls cgqin gS\a

1 3
(i) x +1 (ii) 52 – y2 – 2 (iii) 4x–3 + 3y
3

(iv) 5 x + y + 6 (v) 3x2 – 2y

2
(vi) y2 – + 4 fVIi.kh
7. fuEufyf[kr esa ,dinh] f}in rFkk f=in igpkfu,%
(i) x3 + 3 (ii) x3y3 (iii) 2y2 + 3yz + z2
(iv) 5 – xy – 3x2y2 (v) 7 – 4x2y2 (vi) – 8x3y3

3-4 cgqin dh ?kkr

1 2
,d in esa pjksa ds ?kkrkadksa dk ;ksxQy ml in dh ?kkr dgykrh gSA mnkgj.kkFkZ] xy
2
dh ?kkr 3 gS] D;ksfa d x rFkk y ds ?kkrkadksa dk ;ksx 2 + 1 = 3 gSA blh izdkj] in 2x5 dh ?kkr
5 gSA 'kwU;srj vpj] eku yhft, 3 dh ?kkr 0 gS] D;ksfa d 3 = 3 × 1 = 3 × x0 rFkk x0 = 1 gSA

,d cgqin ds dbZ in gksrs gSa tks fpUg + ;k – ls vyx gksrs gSAa ,d cgqin dh ?kkr ml
cgqin ds fofHkUu inksa esa vf/kdre ?kkr rFkk 'kwU;srj xq.kkad okys in dh ?kkr
gksrh gSA
mnkgj.kkFkZ]
cgqin 3x4y3 + 7 xy5 – 5x3y2 + 6xy ds inksa dh ?kkr Øe'k% 7, 6, 5, vkSj 2 gS] ftuesa 7
vf/kdre gSA vr% bl cgqin dh ?kkr 7 gSA
nks ?kkr okyk cgqin f}?kkr cgqin dgykrk gSA mnkgj.kkFkZ 3 – 5x + 4x2 rFkk x2 + xy +
y2 f}?kkr cgqin gSAa /;ku jf[k, fd 'kwU;srj vpj cgqin dh ?kkr 'kwU; ¼0½ yh tkrh gSA

tc cgqin ds lHkh inksa esa pj ds xq.kkad 'kwU; gks]a rks cgqin 'kwU; cgqin dgykrk gSA 'kwU;
cgqin dh ?kkr ifjHkkf"kr ugha gSA

3-5 cgqinksa ds eku Kkr djuk

ge cgqin dk eku pj ds fn, x, eku ds fy, Kkr dj ldrs gSAa vkb, ge cgqin
3x2 – x + 2 dk eku x = 2 ds fy, Kkr djus dh fØ;k dks le>sAa ;gk¡ ge vius dks ,d
pj okys cgqinksa rd gh lhfer j[ksx
a sA
pj.k 1: pj ds LFkku ij fn, x, eku dks izfrLFkkfir dhft,A
;gk¡ ij x = 2 j[kus ij] gesa izkIr gksrk gS%

xf.kr 85
 ekWM~;wy–1 xf.kr ek/;fed ikB~;Øe
chtxf.kr
3 × (2)2 – 2 +2

pj.k 2: pj.k 1 eas izkIr O;atd dks ljy dhft,A

3 × (2)2 –2 + 2 = 3 × 4 = 12
fVIi.kh vr% tc x = 2, 3x2 – x + 2 = 12
vkb, ,d vU; mnkgj.k ysAa
mnkgj.k 3.6: eku Kkr dhft,%
1
(i) 1 – x5 + 2x6 + 7 x; x = ds fy,
2
(ii) 5x3 + 3x2 – 4x – 4; x = 1 ds fy,
1
gy: (i) x = ds fy, fn, gq, cgqin dk eku
2
5 6
⎛1⎞ ⎛1⎞ 1
= 1 − ⎜ ⎟ + 2⎜ ⎟ + 7 ×
⎝2⎠ ⎝2⎠ 2
1 1 7
= 1− + +
32 32 2
9 1
= = 4
2 2

(ii) x = 1 ds fy, fn;s gq, cgqin dk eku

5 × (1)3 + 3 × (1)2 – 4 × 1 – 4
=5+3–4–4=0

3-6 cgqin dk 'kwU;d

pj dk og eku] ftlds fy, ,d pj esa cgqin dk eku 'kwU; gks tk,] cgqin dk 'kwU;d
dgykrk gSA mnkgj.k 3.6(ii) es]a x = 1 ds fy, cgqin 5x3 + 3x2 – 4x – 4 dk eku 0 gSA vr%
x = 1 cgqin 5x3 + 3x2 – 4x – 4 dk ,d 'kwU;d gSA

vkb, ,d vU; mnkgj.k ysAa

mnkgj.k 3.7: Kkr dhft, fd D;k fn;k x;k eku fn, x, cgqin dk 'kwU;d gS%
(i) x3 + 3x2 + 3x + 2; x = – 1
(ii) x4 – 4x3 + 6x2 – 4x + 1; x = 1

86 xf.kr
chth; O;atd rFkk cgqin ekWM~;wy–1
chtxf.kr
gy: (i) x = – 1 ds fy,] fn;s gq, cgqin dk eku
(–1)3 + 3 × (–1)2 + 3 × (–1) + 2
=–1+3–3+2
= 1 (≠0) fVIi.kh
vr%, x = – 1, fn;s gq, cgqin dk 'kwU;d ugha gSA
(ii) x = 1 ds fy,] fn;s gq, cgqin dk eku
(1)4 – 4 × (1)3 + 6 × (1)2 – 4 × 1 +1
= 1 – 4 + 6 – 4 +1
=0
vr%, x = 1 fn;s gq, cgqin dk 'kwU;d gSA

ns[ksa vkius fdruk lh[kk 3-2

1. fuEufyf[kr ,difn;ksa eas ls izR;sd dh ?kkr fyf[k,%

18 7 7 3
(i) x (ii) y (iii) 10 x (iv) 27
5 8
2. fuEufyf[kr ,difn;ksa dks ?kkrksa ds vkjksgh Øe esa fyf[k,%

2 2
– 3x6, x , 9x, – 25x3, 2.5
9
3. fuEufyf[kr cgqinksa esa ls izR;sd dh ?kkr fyf[k,%
(i) 5x6y4 + 1 (ii) 105 + xy3 (iii) x2 + y2 (iv) x2y + xy2 – 3xy + 4
4. fuEufyf[kr cgqinksa esa ls izR;sd dk eku mlds lkeus fy[ks x, pj ds eku ds fy, Kkr
dhft,
(i) x2 – 25 for x = 5 (ii) x2 + 3x – 5 for x = –2

2 3 4 2 7
(iii) x + x − for x = – 1 (iv) 2x3 – 3x2 – 3x + 12 for x = – 2
3 5 5

5. lR;kfir dhft, fd x = 2 rFkk x = 3 cgqin x2 – 5x + 6 ds 'kwU;d gSaA

xf.kr 87
 ekWM~;wy–1 xf.kr ek/;fed ikB~;Øe
chtxf.kr
3-7 cgqinksa dk ;ksx rFkk O;odyu
vki tkurs gSa fd cgqinksa esa ltkrh; rFkk fotkrh; in gksrs gSAa cgqinksa dk ;ksx djus ds
fy,] ge ltkrh; inksa dks bdV~Bk djds mudk ;ksx dj ysrs gSAa blh izdkj] ?kVkus ds fy,]
fVIi.kh ge ,d ltkrh; inksa esa ls nwljs dks ?kVkrs gSAa vc iz'u mBrk gS fd ge fdl izdkj
ltkrh; inksa dk ;ksx vFkok O;odyu ¼?kVkuk½ djrs gSAa vkb, ,d mnkgj.k ysAa
eku yhft, fd gesa ltkrh; inksa 2x rFkk 3x dk ;ksx djuk gSA ge chtxf.kr esa vadxf.kr
okyh fof/k dk gh iz;ksx djrs gSAa vki tkurs gSa fd
5 × 6 + 5 × 7 = 5 × (6 + 7)
6 × 5 + 7 × 5 = (6 + 7) × 5
vr%, 2x + 3x = 2 × x + 3 × x
= (2 + 3) × x
=5×x
= 5x
blh izdkj, 2xy + 4 xy = (2 + 4) xy = 6xy
3x2y + 8x2y = (3 + 8)x2y = 11x2y
blh fof/k ls] D;ksfa d
7 × 5 – 6 × 5 = (7 – 6) × 5 = 1 × 5 gS] vr%
5y – 2y = (5 – 2) × y = 3y
vkSj 9x2y2 – 5x2y2 = (9 – 5)x2y2 = 4x2y2

mijksDr ls ge bl fu"d"kZ ij igqp

a rs gS%a
1. nks ;k vf/kd ltkrh; inksa dk ;ksx ltkrh; in gksrk gS] ftldk xq.kkad ltkrh; inksa
ds xq.kkadksa dk ;ksxQy gksrk gSA
2. nks ltkrh; inksa dk vUrj ,d ltkrh; in gksrk gS] ftldk xq.kkad ltkrh; inksa ds
xq.kkadksa dk vUrj gksrk gSA
vr% ;ksx ;k ?kVkus ds fy,] ge fuEufyf[kr pj.k viukrs gS%a
pj.k 1: ltkrh; inksa ds lewg cukb;sA
pj.k 2: ltkrh; inksa ds lewgksa ds vyx vyx ;ksx Kkr dj yhft,A

88 xf.kr
chth; O;atd rFkk cgqin ekWM~;wy–1
chtxf.kr
mnkgj.k 3.8: – 3x + 4 rFkk 2x – 7x – 2 dk ;ksx Kkr dhft,A
2

gy: (–3x + 4) + (2x2 – 7x – 2)

= 2x2 + (–3x –7x) + (4 – 2)
= 2x2 + (–3 – 7)x + 2 fVIi.kh
= 2x2 + (–10)x + 2
= 2x2 – 10x + 2
∴ (–3x + 4) + (2x2 – 7x – 2) = 2x2 – 10x + 2

cgqinksa dk ;ksx vkSj vf/kd vklkuh ls fd;k tk ldrk gS] ;fn

(i) fn, gq, cgqinksa dks bl izdkj O;ofLFkr dj fy;k tk, fd ltkrh; in ,d LrEHk esa
gksaA
(ii) izR;sd LrEHk ds ¼ltkrh; inksa ds lewg½ ds xq.kkadksa dk ;ksx dj fy;k tk,A
mnkgj.k 3-8 dks bl izdkj fd;k tk ldrk gSA
–3x + 4
2x2 –7x – 2
2x2 + (–7 –3)x + (4– 2)
∴ (–3x + 4) + (2x2 – 7x – 2) = 2x2 – 10x + 2
3 7
mnkgj.k 3.9: 5x + 3y − rFkk − 2x + y + dk ;ksx Kkr dhft,
4 4
3
gy: 5x + 3y −
4
7
− 2x + y +
4
⎛7 3⎞
3x + 4y + ⎜ − ⎟
⎝4 4⎠
= 3x + 4y + 1

⎛ 3⎞ ⎛ 7⎞
∴ ⎜ 5x + 3y − ⎟ + ⎜ − 2x + y + ⎟ = 3x + 4y + 1
⎝ 4⎠ ⎝ 4⎠

3 3 x3
mnkgj.k 3.10: x + x 2 + x + 1 rFkk x 4 − − 3x + 1 dk ;ksx Kkr dhft,A
2 2

xf.kr 89
 ekWM~;wy–1 xf.kr ek/;fed ikB~;Øe
chtxf.kr
3 2
gy: x + x2 + x + 1
2

1
+ x 4 − x3 – 3x + 1
fVIi.kh 2

⎛3 1⎞
x 4 + ⎜ − ⎟ x 3 + x 2 + (1 − 3)x + (1 + 1)
⎝2 2⎠

= x 4 + x3 + x 2 − 2x + 2

⎛3 ⎞ ⎛ x3 ⎞
∴ ⎜ x 2 + x 2 + x + 1⎟ + ⎜⎜ x 4 − − 3x + 1⎟⎟ = x 4 + x 3 + x 2 − 2 x + 2
⎝2 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠

,d cgqin esa ls nwljs cgqin dks ?kVkus ds fy,] ge fuEufyf[kr pj.k viukrs gS%a
pj.k 1: fn;s gq, cgqin dks bl izdkj fyf[k, fd ltkrh; in ,d LrEHk eas vk tk,¡A
pj.k 2: ftl cgqin dks ?kVkuk gS mlds inksa ds fpUg + ls – rFkk – ls + esa cny yhft,A
pj.k 3: izR;sd LrEHk ds ltkrh; inkas dk vyx vyx ;ksx dhft,A
vkb,] dqN mnkgj.k ysdj bl fof/k dks le>sAa
2 2
mnkgj.k 3.11: 9x 2 − 3x − esa ls − 4x 2 + 3x + dks ?kVkb,A
7 3
2
gy: 9x 2 − 3x −
7
2
− 4x 2 + 3x +
3
+ – –

(9 + 4)x 2 + (− 3 − 3)x + ⎛⎜ − 2 − 2 ⎞⎟
⎝ 7 3⎠
20
= 13 x − 6 x −
2

21

⎛ 2⎞ ⎛ 2⎞ 20
∴ ⎜ 9x 2 − 3x − ⎟ − ⎜ − 4x 2 + 3x + ⎟ = 13 x 2 − 6 x −
⎝ 7⎠ ⎝ 3⎠ 21

mnkgj.k 3.12: 2x2 –5 + 11x – x3 esa ls 3x – 5x2 + 7 + 3x3 dks ?kVkb,A

90 xf.kr
chth; O;atd rFkk cgqin ekWM~;wy–1
chtxf.kr
gy: 3 2
– x + 2x + 11x – 5
3x3 – 5x2 + 3x + 7
– + – –
(–1–3)x3 + (2 + 5)x2 + (11 – 3)x + (–5 – 7) fVIi.kh

= – 4x3 + 7x2 + 8x – 12
∴ (2x2 –5 + 11x – x3) – (3x – 5x2 + 7 + 3x3 ) = – 4x3 + 7x2 + 8x – 12

mnkgj.k 3.13: 15xy + 6y2 + 7x2 esa ls 12xy – 5y2 – 9x2 dks ?kVkb,A
gy: 15xy + 6y2 + 7x2
12xy – 5y2 – 9x2
– + +
3xy + 11y2 + 16x2

vr%, (15xy + 6y2 + 7x2) – (12xy – 5y2 – 9x2 ) = 3xy + 11y2 + 16x2
ge LrEHkksa esa O;atdksa dks fy[ks fcuk] lh/ks Hkh ?kVk ldrs gSAa
(15xy + 6y2 + 7x2) – (12xy – 5y2 – 9x2 )
= 15xy + 6y2 + 7x2 – 12xy + 5y2 + 9x2
= 3xy + 11y2 + 16x2

blh fof/k ls] ge nks ls vf/kd cgqinkas dk ;ksxQy Kkr dj ldrs gSAa
mnkgj.k 3.14: cgqinksa 3x + 4y – 5x2, 5y + 9x rFkk 4x – 17y – 5x2 dk ;ksxQy Kkr
dhft,A
gy: 3x + 4y – 5x2
9x + 5y
4x – 17y – 5x2
16x – 8y – 10x2

∴ (3x + 4y – 5x2) + (5y + 9x) + (4x – 17y – 5x2) = 16x – 8y – 10x2

mnkgj.k 3.15: 3x2 – 8x + 11, – 2x2 + 12x rFkk – 4x2 + 17 ds ;ksxQy esa ls x2 – x – 1
dks ?kVkb,A

xf.kr 91
 ekWM~;wy–1 xf.kr ek/;fed ikB~;Øe
chtxf.kr
gy: igys ge 3x2 – 8x + 11, – 2x2 + 12x rFkk – 4x2 + 17 dk ;ksx Kkr djrs gSAa
3x2 – 8x + 11
– 2x2 + 12x
– 4x2 + 17
fVIi.kh 2
– 3x + 4x + 28
vc bl ;ksx esa ls x2 – x – 1 dks ?kVkrs gSAa
– 3x2 + 4x + 28
x2 – x – 1
– + +
– 4x2 + 5x + 29
vr%] vHkh"V ifj.kke – 4x2 + 5x + 29 gSA

ns[ksa vkius fdruk lh[kk 3-3

1. fuEufyf[kr cgqin ;qXeksa dk ;ksx Kkr dhft,%

2 2 3 2 1
(i) x + x + 1; x + x+5
3 7 4
7 3
(ii) x − x 2 + 1; 2x 2 + x – 3
5
7
(iii) 7x − 3x + 4y; 3x + 5x − 4x +
2 3 2
y
3
(iv) 2x3 + 7x2y – 5xy + 7; – 2x2y + 7x3 – 3xy – 7
2. ;ksx Kkr dhft,%
(i) x2 – 3x + 5, 5 + 7x – 3x2 rFkk x2 + 7
1 2 7 2 1
(ii) x + x − 5, x 2 + 5 + x rFkk − x 2 − x
3 8 3 8
(iii) a2 – b2 + ab, b2 – c2 + bc rFkk c2 – a2 + ca

(iv) 2a2 + 3b2, 5a2 – 2b2 + ab rFkk – 6a2 – 5ab + b2

3. ?kVkb,%

(i) x2 – 5x + 2 esa ls 7x3 – 3x2 + 2

92 xf.kr
chth; O;atd rFkk cgqin ekWM~;wy–1
chtxf.kr
2 3 2 3
(ii) 2y – 5 + 11y – y esa ls 3y – 5y + 7 + 3y

(iii) 5z + 7 – 3z2 + 5z3 esa ls 2z3 + 7z – 5z2 + 2

(iv) 5x3 + 7x2 + 2x –4 esa ls 12x3 – 3x2 + 11x + 13

4. 3a – 5b + 3ab rFkk 2a + 4b – 5ab ds ;ksx esa ls 4a – b – ab + 3 dks ?kVkb,A fVIi.kh

3-8 cgqinksa dk xq.kuQy

,d ,dinh dks nwljs ,dinh ls xq.kk djus ds fy,] ge ?kkrkadksa ds fu;eksa rFkk fpUgksa ds
fu;e dk iz;ksx djrs gSAa mnkgj.kkFkZ]
3a × a2b2c2 = (3 × 1) a2+1 b2 c2 = 3a3b2c2
– 5x × 2 xy3 = (– 5 × 2) x1+1 y3 = – 10 x2y3

1 2 ⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞⎛ 1 ⎞ 1
− y z × ⎜ − ⎟ yz = ⎜ − ⎟⎜ − ⎟ y 2+1 z1+1 = y 3 z 2
2 ⎝ 3⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠⎝ 3 ⎠ 6

,d cgqin dks ,dinh ls xq.kk djus ds fy,] ge cgqin ds izR;sd in dks ml ,dinh ls
xq.kk djrs gSAa mnkgj.kkFkZ]
x2y × (–y2 + 2xy + 1) = x2y × (–y2) + (x2y) × 2xy + (x2y) × 1
= – x2y3 + 2x3y2 + x2y

,d cgqin dks ,d vU; cgqin ls xq.kk djus ds fy,] ge ,d cgqin ds izR;sd in dks nwljs
cgqin ds izR;sd in ls xq.kk djrs gSa rFkk ltkrh; inksa dks bdV~Bk djds ifj.kke dks ljy
djrs gSAa ;g lq>ko fn;k tkrk gS fd igys cgqinksa dks pj ds ?kkrkadksa ds vuqlkj vkjksgh
;k vojksgh Øe esa fy[k fy;k tk,A mnkgj.kkFkZ]
(2n + 3) (n2 – 3n + 4) = 2n × n2 + 2n × (– 3n) + 2n × 4 + 3 × n2 + 3 × (–3n) +
3×4
= 2n3 – 6n2 + 8n + 3n2 – 9n + 12

= 2n3 – 3n2 – n + 12
vkb, dqN vU; mnkgj.k ysAa
mnkgj.k 3.16: (0.2x2 + 0.7 x + 3) rFkk (0.5 x2 – 3x) dk xq.kuQy Kkr dhft,A
gy: (0.2x2 + 0.7 x + 3) × (0.5 x2 – 3x)

= 0.2x2 × 0.5 x2 + 0.2x2 × (– 3x) + 0.7 x × 0.5 x2 + 0.7 x × (– 3x) + 3 × 0.5x2 +

3× (– 3x)

xf.kr 93
 ekWM~;wy–1 xf.kr ek/;fed ikB~;Øe
chtxf.kr
= 0.1x4 – 0.60x3 + 0.35x3 – 2.1x2 + 1.5 x2 – 9x

= 0.1 x4 – 0.25 x3 – 0.6x2 – 9x

mnkgj.k 3.17: 2x – 3 + x2 dks 1 – x ls xq.kk dhft,A

fVIi.kh
gy: cgqinksa dks x dh ?kVrh ?kkrksa ds vuqlkj O;ofLFkr djus ij gesa izkIr djrs gS%a
(x2 + 2x – 3) × (– x + 1) = x2 × (–x) + x2 × (1) + 2x × (–x) + 2x × 1 – 3 × (–x)
–3×1
= – x3 + x2 – 2x2 + 2x + 3x – 3
= – x3 – x2 + 5x – 3
oSdfYid fof/k
x2 + 2x – 3 ,d cgqin
–x +1 nwljk cgqin
– x3 – 2x2 + 3x
+ x2 + 2x – 3 vkaf'kd xq.kuQy
– x3 – x2 + 5x – 3 xq.kuQy

3-9 cgqinksa esa Hkkx

fdlh ,dinh dks nwljs ,dinh ls Hkkx djus ds fy,] ?kkrkadksa ds fu;eksa }kjk ge la[;kRed
xq.kkadksa rFkk pjksa dk HkkxQy vyx&vyx Kkr djrs gSa rFkk fQj bu HkkxQyksa dks ijLij
xq.kk djrs gSAa
mnkgj.kkFkZ]
25 x 3 y 3 25 x 3 y 3
(i) 25 x 3 y 3 ÷ 5 x 2 y = = × 2×
5x 2 y 5 x y
1 2
=5×x ×y
= 5xy2
12ax 2 − 12 a x 2
(ii) − 12ax ÷ 4x = −
2
= × ×
4x 4 1 x
= – 3ax
,d cgqin dks ,dinh ls Hkkx djus ds fy,] ge cgqin ds izR;sd in dks ,dinh ls Hkkx
djrs gSAa mnkgj.kkFkZ]
15 x 3 3 x 2 18 x
(i) (15 x 3
)
− 3x 2 + 18 x ÷ 3 x =
3x
− +
3x 3x

94 xf.kr
 chth; O;atd rFkk cgqin ekWM~;wy–1
chtxf.kr
= 5x2 – x + 6

− 8x 2 10x
(ii) (− 8x 2
)
+ 10x ÷ (− 2x ) = +
− 2x − 2x

⎛ − 8 ⎞⎛ x ⎞ 10 x
2
fVIi.kh
=⎜ ⎟⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ + ×
⎝ − 2 ⎠⎝ x ⎠ (− 2) x
= 4x – 5
,d cgqin dks nwljs cgqin ls Hkkx djus dh lafØ;k vadxf.kr esa Hkkx dh lafØ;k dh rjg
gh gSA ;kn dhft, fd 20 dks 3 ls dSls Hkkx fn;k tkrk gSA
6 HkkxQy
Hkktd 3 20 HkkT;
18
2 'ks"kQy
,d cgqin dks ,d vU; cgqin ls Hkkx nsus dh fØ;k ds pj.kksa dks ge ,d mnkgj.k }kjk
Li"V djrs gSAa
vkb, 2x2 + 5x + 3 dks 2x + 3 ls Hkkx nsAa 2 x + 3 2 x 2 + 5x + 3
pj.k 1: nksuksa cgqinksa dks pj ¼mHk;fu"B½ ds ?kkrkadksa ds
vojksgh Øe esa fyf[k,A x
pj.k 2: HkkT; ds igys in dks Hkktd ds igys in ls Hkkx 2 x + 3 2 x 2 + 5x + 3
nhft,A HkkxQy dk igyk in izkIr gks tk,xkA
x
pj.k 3: Hkktd ds izR;sd in dks HkkxQy ds izFke in ls 2 x + 3 2 x + 5x + 3
2

xq.kk dhft, vkSj ifj.kke dks HkkT; esa ls ?kVk 2x2 + 3x

nhft,A – –
2x + 3
pj.k 4: ifj.kke ds izFke in dks Hkktd ds izFke in ls
Hkkx nhft, rFkk ifj.kke dks HkkxQy ds nwljs in
x +1
ds :i esa fyf[k,A
2x + 3 2x2 + 5x + 3
pj.k 5: Hkktd ds izR;sd in dks HkkxQy ds nwljs in ls 2x2 + 3x
xq.kk dhft, rFkk pj.k 4 ds HkkT; esa ls ?kVkb,A – –
2x + 3
pj.k 6: pj.kksa 4 vkSj 5 dh fØ;k dks nksgjkrs jfg, tc rd
2x +3
fd ;k rks 'ks"kQy 0 gks ;k pj dh ?kkr Hkktd dh – –
?kkr ls de gksA 0
mijksDr mnkgj.k es]a gesa HkkxQy x + 1 rFkk
'ks"kQy 0 izkIr gqvkA

xf.kr 95
 ekWM~;wy–1 xf.kr ek/;fed ikB~;Øe
chtxf.kr
vc ge dqN vU; mnkgj.k ysrs gSAa
mnkgj.k 3.18 : x3 – 1 dks x – 1 ls Hkkx nhft,A
x2 + x +1
gy: x − 1 x3 − 1
fVIi.kh x3 – x2
–
+
x2 – 1
x2 –x
–
+
x – 1
x – 1
– +
0
2
bl izdkj] gesa HkkxQy x + x + 1 rFkk 'ks"kQy 0 izkIr gqvkA
mnkgj.k 3.19: 5x – 11 – 12x2 + 2x3 dks 2x – 5 ls Hkkx nhft,A
gy: HkkT; dks x ds ?kkrkadksa ds vojksgh Øe esa fy[krs gq,] ge izkIr djrs gSa
2x3 – 12x2 + 5x – 11
7 25
x2 − x −
2 4
vr%
2x − 5 2x − 12x + 5x – 11
3 2

2x3 – 5x2
– +
– 7 x2 + 5x – 11
35
– 7 x2 + x
2
+ –
25
– x – 11
2
25 125
– x +
2 4
+ –
169
–
4
7 25 169
bl izdkj] ge HkkxQy x 2 − x − rFkk 'ks"kQy – izkIr djrs gSAa
2 4 4

96 xf.kr
chth; O;atd rFkk cgqin ekWM~;wy–1
chtxf.kr

ns[ksa vkius fdruk lh[kk 3-4

1. xq.kk dhft,%
(i) 9b2c2 dks 3b ls (ii) 5x3y5 dks – 2xy ls fVIi.kh
2
(iii) 2xy + y dks – 5x ls (iv) x + 5y dks x – 3y ls
2. HkkxQy fyf[k,%
(i) x 5 y 3 ÷ x 2 y 2 (
(ii) − 28y 7 z 2 ÷ − 4y 3z 2 )
( )
(iii) a 4 + a 3b 5 ÷ a 2 (iv) − 15b c ÷ 3b c
5 6 2 4

3. Hkkx nhft, rFkk HkkxQy vkSj 'ks"kQy fyf[k,%

(i) x2 – 1 by x + 1 (ii) x2 – x + 1 by x + 1
(iii) 6x2 – 5x + 1 by 2x – 1 (iv) 2x3 + 4x2 + 3x + 1 by x +1

vkb, nksgjk,¡
• ,d v{kj la[;k ¼vKkr jkf'k½] ftlds fofHkUu eku gks ldrs gS]a pj dgykrh gSA
• vpj dk eku fuf'pr gksrk gSA
• ,d chth; O;atd la[;kvks]a pjksa rFkk vadxf.krh; lafØ;kvkas ds fpUgksa dk la;kstu gSA
blds ,d ;k vf/kd in gksrs gS]a tks + ;k – fpUgksa ls tqM+s gks ldrs gSaA
• in 2xy dk la[;kRed xq.kkad 2 gSA x dk xq.kkad 2y rFkk y dk xq.kkad 2x gSA
• _.ksrj x dk la[;kRed xq.kkad + 1 rFkk – x dk – 1 gSA
• ,d chth; O;atd] ftleas pj] gj esa u gks] pjksa ds ?kkrakd iw.kZ la[;kvksa esa gksa rFkk
fofHkUu inksa ds xq.kkad okLrfod la[;k,a¡ gks]a cgqin dgykrk gSA
• pj x esa cgqin dk ekud :i gS%
a0 + a1x + a2x2+ ....+ anxn (;k foijhr Øe eas) tgk¡ a0, a1, a2, .... an okLrfod la[;k,a
gSa rFkk n, n–1, n–2, ...., 3, 2, 1 iw.kZ la[;k,a gSaA
• ,d chth; O;atd ftlesa ,d in gksrk gS] ,dinh] nks in okyk f}in rFkk 3 in okyk
f=in dgykrk gSA
• ,d chth; O;atd ;k cgqin ds os in ftuesa ogh pj gks rFkk mudh ,d gh ?kkr gks]
ltkrh; ¼leku½ in dgykrs gSAa os in tks ltkrh; ugha gS]a fotkrh; ¼vleku½ in
dgykrs gSAa
xf.kr 97
 ekWM~;wy–1 xf.kr ek/;fed ikB~;Øe
chtxf.kr
• ,d in ds pjksa ds ?kkrkadksa dk ;ksxQy] in dh ?kkr dgykrk gSA
• ,d pj okys cgqin dh ?kkr ml cgqin ds fofHkUu inksa esa pj dk lcls cM+k ?kkrakd
gksrk gSA
• 'kwU;srj vpj cgqin dh ?kkr 'kwU; gksrh gSA
fVIi.kh
• ,d chth; O;atd ¼;k cgqin eas½ pj ds eku dks izfrLFkkiu djus dh fØ;k dks O;atd
dk eku izkIr djus dh fØ;k dgrs gSAa
• pj dk og eku] ftlds fy, cgqin dk eku 'kwU; gks tkrk gS] cgqin dk 'kwU;d
dgykrk gSA
• nks ltkrh; inksa dk ;ksx ,d ltkrh; in gksrk gS] ftldk xq.kkad ltkrh; inksa ds
xq.kkadksa ds ;ksx ds cjkcj gksrk gSA
• nks ltkrh; inksa dk vUrj ,d ltkrh; in gksrk gS] ftldk xq.kkad ltkrh; inksa ds
xq.kkadksa ds vUrj ds cjkcj gksrk gSA
• ,d cgqin dks ,dinh ls xq.kk ¼Hkkx½ djus ds fy,] cgqin ds izR;sd in dks ,dinh
ls xq.kk ¼Hkkx½ fd;k tkrk gS] ftlesa ?kkrkadksa ds fu;e vkSj fpUgksa ds fu;e dk iz;ksx
gksrk gSA
• ,d cgqin dks vU; cgqin ls xq.kk djus ds fy,] cgqin ds izR;sd in dks nwljs cgqin
ds izR;sd in ls xq.kk fd;k tkrk gS rFkk ltkrh; inksa dks bdV~Bk djds ifj.kke dks
ljy fd;k tkrk gSA
• ,d cgqin dks nwljs cgqin ls Hkkx nsus ds fy,] ge izk;% cgqinksa dks mHk;fu"B pj ds
?kkrkadksa ds vojksgh Øe eas fy[krs gSa rFkk vadxf.kr dh Hkkx dh fØ;k ds vuqlkj Hkkx
djrs gSAa

vkb, vH;kl djsa

1. lgh fodYi ij fpUg () yxkb,%

(i) x4 esa 6x4y2 dk xq.kkad gS%

(A) 6 (B) y2 (C) 6y2 (D) 4
(ii) ,dinh –x2y4 dk la[;kRed xq.kkad gS%
(A) 2 (B) 6 (C) 1 (D) –1
(iii) fuEufyf[kr O;atdksa esa ls dkSu lk cgqin gS\
1 2 1
(A) x − 8 + 3.7x (B) 2x + −4
2 2x
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(
(C) x − 2y ÷ x + y
2 2
) ( 2 2
) (D) 6 + x − x − 15x 2

(iv) O;atd 1 − 2a 2 b 3 − (7a )(2b ) + 3b 2 esa fdrus in gSa\

(A) 5 (B) 4 (C) 3 (D) 2
(v) fuEufyf[kr esa ls dkSu lk O;atd f}inh gS\ fVIi.kh
(A) 2x2y2 (B) x2 + y2 – 2xy
(C) 2 + x2 + y2 + 2x2y2 (D) 1 – 3xy3
(vi) fuEu ;qXeksa esa ls dkSu lk ;qXe ltkrh; inksa dk ;qXe gS\
(A) 2a, 2b (B) 2xy3, 2x3y
1
(C) 3x2y, yx 2 (D) 8, 16 a
2
(vii) cgqin x2 – 2x – 15 dk ,d 'kwU;d gS
(A) x = – 5 (B) x = – 3
(C) x = 0 (D) x = 3
(viii) cgqin x3y4 + 9x6 – 8y5 + 17 dh ?kkr gS%
(A) 7 (B) 17
(C) 5 (D) 6
2. pjksa rFkk lafØ;kvksa ds fpUgksa ds iz;ksx ls] fuEufyf[kr 'kkfCnd dFkuksa dks chth; dFkuksa
eas cnfy,%
(i) ,d la[;k dks Lo;a ls tksMu + s ij 6 feyrk gSA
(ii) ,d la[;k ds rhu xqus esa ls 4 ?kVkus ij 11 izkIr gksrk gSA
(iii) nks Øekxr fo"ke la[;kvksa dk xq.kuQy 35 gSA
(iv) ,d la[;k dk ,d&frgkbZ] mlds ikapos Hkkx ls 2 vf/kd gSA
3. fuEufy[kr cgqinksa esa ls izR;sd dh ?kkr fyf[k,%
(i) 327 (ii) x + 7x2y2 – 6xy5 – 18 (iii) a4x + bx3 tgk¡ a rFkk b vpj gSaA
(iv) c6 – a3x2y2 – b2x3y tgk¡ a, b rFkk c vpj gSaA
4. crkb, fd D;k fn;k x;k eku cgqin dk 'kwU;d gS%
(i) x2 + 3x – 40; x=8
(ii) x6 – 1; x=–1
5. pj ds fn;s x, eku ds fy, cgqin dk eku Kkr dhft,%

3 2 4 5 1
(i) 2x − x + x + 7x , x = ij
3

2 5 2

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4 3 1 2
(ii) y + y − 6y − 65, y = − 5 ij
5 5

1 2 1
6. n + n dk n = 10 ds fy, eku Kkr dhft, rFkk lR;kfir dhft, fd ifj.kke
fVIi.kh 2 2
izFke nl izkÑr la[;kvkas ds ;ksx ds cjkcj gSA
7. ;ksx dhft,:

7 3 2 2 7 2 3 3
(i) x + x − 3x + rFkk x 3 + x 2 − 3x +
3 5 5 3 5 5

(ii) x2 + y2 + 4xy rFkk 2y2 – 4xy

(iii) x3 + 6x2 + 4xy rFkk 7x2 + 8x3 + y2 + y3

2 2
(iv) 2x + 3x +
5
rFkk − 3x 5 + x − 3
3 5

8. ?kVkb,%

(i) 0 esa ls – x2 + y2 – xy

(ii) a – b + c esa ls a + b – c

(iii) y2x – x2 – y esa ls x2 – y2x + y

(iv) 3m2 – 3mn + 8 esa ls – m2 + 3 mn

9. x2 + xy + y2 esa D;k tksM+k tk, fd ifj.kke 2x2 + 3xy izkIr gks?

10. – 13x + 5y – 8 esa ls D;k ?kVk;k tk, fd ifj.kke 11x – 16y + 7 izkIr gks?

11. nks cgqinksa dk ;ksx x2 – y2 – 2xy + y – 7 gSA ;fn ,d cgqin 2x2 + 3y2 – 7y + 1 gks rks
nwljk cgqin Kkr dhft,A
12. ;fn A = 3x2 – 7x + 8, B = x2 + 8x – 3 rFkk C = –5x2 – 3x + 2 gks rks B + C –A Kkr
dhft,A
13. 3x – y + 2xy rFkk – y – xy ds ;ksx esa ls 3x – y – xy ?kVkb,A ifj.kke esa x dk xq.kkad
D;k gS\
14. xq.kk dhft,%

(i) a2 + 5a – 6 dks 2a + 1 ls (ii) 4x2 + 16x + 15 dks x – 3 ls

(iii) a2 – 2a + 1 dks a – 1 ls (iv) a2 + 2ab + b2 dks a – b ls

100 xf.kr
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2 2 2
(v) x – 1 dks 2x +1 ls (vi) x – x + 1 dks x + 1 ls

2 5 7 2 2 5
(vii) x + x + dks x − ls x + x − 3 dks 3x 2 + 4x + 1 ls
2
(viii)
3 6 4 3 4

15. (x2 + xy + y2) rFkk (x – y) ds xq.kuQy esa ls (x2 – xy + y2) RkFkk (x + y) ds xq.kuQy fVIi.kh
dks ?kVkb,A
16.Hkkx nhft,%

(i) 8x3 + y3 dks 2x + y ls (ii) 7x3 + 18x2 + 18x – 5 dks 3x + 5 ls

(iii) 20x2 – 15x3y6 dks 5x2 ls (iv) 35a3 – 21a4b dks (–7a3) ls

(v) x3 – 3x2 + 5x – 8 dks x – 2 ls (vi) 8y2 + 38y + 35 dks 2y + 7 ls

izR;sd voLFkk esa HkkxQy rFkk 'ks"kQy fyf[k,A

ns[ksa vkius fdruk lh[kk ds mÙkj

3.1
2 1 4
1. (i) y; 1 (ii) x, y; , ,7 (iii) x, y;
3 3 5

2 1
(iv) x, y; , (v) x, y; 2, –8 (vi) x; ugha
5 2
2. (i) 2 (ii) 2y (iii) 2x2
3. (i) x – 3 = 15 (ii) x + 5 = 22

1
4. (i) 2, abc (ii) a,b,c, 2 (iii) x2y, – 2xy2, −
2

1 3 2
(iv) xy
8

1 2
5. (i) –xy2, + yx (ii) –3ab, + ab (iii) dksbZ ltkrh; in ugha
3

6. (i) , (ii) vkSj (v) 7. ,dinh% (ii) vkSj (vi);

f}in% (i) rFkk (v); f=in: (iii) vkSj (iv)

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3.2
1. (i) 7 (ii) 3 (iii) 1 (iv) 0

2 2
2. 2.5, 9x, x , –25x3, – 3x6
fVIi.kh 9
3. (i) 10 (ii) 4 (iii) 2 (iv) 3

19
4. (i) 0 (ii) –7 (iii) − (iv) 6
15
3.3

23 2 5 7 3
1. (i) x + x+6 (ii) x + x2 + x − 2
11 4 5

19
(iii) 3x + 12x − 7x +
3 2
y (iv) 9x3 + 5x2y – 8xy
3
2. (i) –x2 + 4x + 17 (ii) 0
(iii) ab + bc +ca (iv) a2 + 2b2 – 4ab
3. (i) – 7x3 + 4x2 – 5x (ii) –4y3 + 7y2 + 8y – 12
(iii) 3z3 + 2z2 – 2z + 5 (iv) – 7x3 + 10x2 – 9x – 17
4. a – ab – 3
3.4
1. (i) 27b3c2 (ii) –10 x4y6
(iii) – 10x2y – 5xy2 (iv) x2 + 2xy –15y2
2. (i) x3y (ii) 7y4 (iii) a2 + ab5 (iv) – 5b3c2
3. (i) x – 1; 0 (ii) x – 2; 3 (iii) 3x – 1; 0 (iv) 2x2 + 2x +1; 0

vkb, vH;kl djsa ds mÙkj

1. (i) C (ii) D (iii) A (iv) B (v) D (vi) C (vii) B (viii) A

x x
2. (i) y + y = 6 (ii) 3y – 4 = 11 (iii) z (z + 2) = 35 (iv) − =2
3 5
3. (i) 0 (ii) 6 (iii) 3 (iv) 4
4. (i) ugha (ii) gk¡

102 xf.kr
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37
5. (i) (ii) 0
24
6. 55
7. (i) 3x3 + x2 – 6x + 2 (ii) x2 + 3y2
fVIi.kh
17 7
(iv) − x + x −
3 2 2 3 5
(iii) 9x + 13x + 4xy + y + y
5 3
8. (i) x2 – y2 + xy (ii) 2c – 2b
(iii) 2y2x – 2x2 – 2y (iv) 4m2 – 6mn + 8
9. x2 + 2xy – y2
10. – 24x + 21y – 15
11. – x2 – 4y2 – 2xy + 8y – 8
12. – 7x2 + 12x – 9
13. 2xy – y; 2y
14. (i) 2a3 + 11a2 – 7a – 6 (ii) 4x3 + 4x2 – 33x – 45
(iii) a3 – 3a2 + 3a – 1 (iv) a3 + a2b – ab2 – b3
(v) 2x4 – x2 – 1 (vi) x3 + 1
13 2 x 35 77 3 10 2 43
(vii) x − x − − (viii) 2x + x − x − x −3
3 4

12 3 24 12 3 4
15. –2y3
16. (i) 4x2 –2xy + y2; 0 (ii) 9x2 – 9x + 21; –110
(iii) 4 – 3xy6; 0 (iv) – 5 + 3ab; 0
(iv) x2 – x + 3; – 2 (v) 4y + 5; 0

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