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Fishbone Article Pumps and Systems
Fishbone Article Pumps and Systems
Fishbone Article Pumps and Systems
By Justin Zhao
AIGI Environmental Incorporated
G Torquing Procedures
askets are crushed more All types of gaskets—metal,
frequently than many end nonmetal and composite—expe- In a crushed gasket, different
users realize. Some main- rience gasket crush. If a gasket compression patterns are vis-
tenance professionals claim that design fails on the first installa- ible—sometimes on one side of
is all they see when they separate tion, plant personnel can replace the gasket, sometimes on opposite
a leaking flange. Many simply it with a new design during the sides and sometimes all over the
replace the gasket rather than next plant shutdown. However, gasket. These patterns point to
investigating the cause of the if a gasket has worked nine times over-compression. The most obvi-
failure in depth. without a problem, then leaks on ous conclusion is that something
Gasket crush is a significant the tenth installation because of was wrong with the torque, even
threat to plant reliability. This gasket crush, an unplanned main- though sophisticated torque equip-
problem causes leaks, which can tenance response is required. ment, such as torque wrenches
lead to a dangerous plant situation, Users have two options for or bolt tensioners, is often used
especially if a hazardous fluid is reducing gasket crush: better during installation.
involved. This issue is unpredict- torquing procedures, which can be Torque equipment tension-
able and introduces variability into difficult, and better gasket design, ing accuracy, which is generally
plant operations. which is easier to implement. between 5 and 15 percent at
best, is based on a few important
assumptions, including:
• Bolts must be well-lubricated
Figure 1. Round-edged beveled ribs compress under with a lubricant of known
pressure. (Graphics courtesy of AIGI Environmental Inc.) coefficient of friction, because
unlubricated bolts can
consume up to 50 percent of
the torque load.
• Torque typically is calculated
based on the bolt material, not
the required load of the gasket
material, which is usually too
high for the gasket need.
• Personnel only have access to
a recommended bolt load for
the cool flange when the opera-
tion has not yet started. The
crucial hot torque load value is
rarely available.
p u mp s a n d s y s te m s . co m | D e ce m b er 2014
80 PRACTICE & OPERATIONS
Figure 3. Crush resistance test results, with a pressure of 205 MPa (29,732 psi)
of the limited number of gasket gaskets move toward the Justin Zhao is the patent inventor
features that can economically be ultimate sealing reliability. of Fishbone Gaskets. He received a
incorporated in a design that The stop-step design is one Master of Science from University
must fit the space constraints small step on the path to a of Chicago and an MBA from Rut-
between two flanges. These new standard for metal gasket gers University. For more informa-
improvements are important as reliability. tion, visit aigienvironmental.com.
Figure 6. A leakage test compared the three gasket types. The gasket stress
was 30 MPa (4,351 psi), and the nitrogen pressure was 4 MPa (560 psi).
— Describes mathematical means to calculate the first Our lines of business include: selling companies,
rotor lateral, rotor torsional, and structural read critical raising debt and equity capital, and assistance
frequencies within Level 1 analysis. SREGUYMWMXMSRW
eStore.Pumps.org
Managing Principal Senior Associate
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Circle 144 on card or visit psfreeinfo.com. Circle 145 on card or visit psfreeinfo.com.
p u mp s a n d s y s te m s . co m | D e ce m b er 2014