Daniel Ringelstein AIA Director of Urban Design & Planning

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill - London, UK

Smart Growth for Vietnam / 2050

Rising to the Challenge of Delivering
Sustainable Communities at Higher Densities
Themes & Case Studies
0. Global / Regional / National Trends

1. Vietnam’s Economic Growth and Urbanization Challenges

2 Engaging Local Character and Ensuring Identity

2.

3. Building Liveable Communities at Higher Densities

4. Addressing Climate Change and Mitigating Flood Risk

5 IImproving
5. i U Urban
b M Mobility
bilit / Promoting
P ti P Public
bli TTransportt

6. Case Studies
 Recent Trends
Gl b l / Regional
Global R i l / National
N ti l
 Th World
The W ld Today
T d
Global Urban Growth
 United States Density
New York City 20,700,000 people 1,800/km2
Chicago 9,500,000 people 1,600 /km2
San Francisco 5,800,000 people 2,500/km2
Eastern Europe
St. Petersburg, Russia 4,600,000 people 3,800/km2
W
Warsaw, Poland
P l d 2 600 000 people
2,600,000 l 3 00/k 2
3,700/km2
Bucharest, Romania 2,600,000 people 8,400/km2
Asia
Tokyo, Japan 36,700,000 people 4,400/km2
B iji
Beijing, Chi
China 14 200 000 people
14,200,000 l 4 900/k 2
4,900/km2
Shanghai, China 18,700,000 people 7,100/km2
Jakarta 22,200,000 people 7,900/km2
Middle East / Africa
Istanbul Turkey
Istanbul, 13 200 000 people
13,200,000 9,300/km2
9 300/km2
Cairo, Egypt 17,600,000 people 13,400/km2
Kanshasa, Congo 9,100,000 people 15,300/km2
India
Delhi, India 23,600,000 people 14,300/km2
Mumbai, India 21,300,000 people 27,100/km2
Dhaka, Bangladesh 11,500,000 people 35,000/km2

Meeting Our Generation’s Challenge

TO
O DELIVER SUSTAINABLE
SUS CITIES
C S AT HIGHER
G DENSITIES
S S WHICH
C ARE
LIVABLE, HEALTHY AND UPLIFTING
 United States Density
New York City 20,700,000 people 1,800/km2
Chicago 9,500,000 people 1,600 /km2
San Francisco 5,800,000 people 2,500/km2
VIETNAM Eastern Europe
St. Petersburg, Russia 4,600,000 people 3,800/km2
W
Warsaw, Poland
P l d 2 600 000 people
2,600,000 l 3 00/k 2
3,700/km2
Da Nang 900,000 people 700/km2 Bucharest, Romania 2,600,000 people 8,400/km2
Hanoi 2,400,000 people 8,300/km2 Asia
HCMC 7,900,000 people 9,200/km2 Tokyo, Japan 36,700,000 people 4,400/km2
B iji
Beijing, Chi
China 14 200 000 people
14,200,000 l 4 900/k 2
4,900/km2
Shanghai, China 18,700,000 people 7,100/km2
Jakarta 22,200,000 people 7,900/km2
Middle East / Africa
Istanbul Turkey
Istanbul, 13 200 000 people
13,200,000 9,300/km2
9 300/km2
Cairo, Egypt 17,600,000 people 13,400/km2
Kanshasa, Congo 9,100,000 people 15,300/km2
India
Delhi, India 23,600,000 people 14,300/km2
Mumbai, India 21,300,000 people 27,100/km2
Dhaka, Bangladesh 11,500,000 people 35,000/km2

Meeting Our Generation’s Challenge

TO
O DELIVER SUSTAINABLE
SUS CITIES
C S AT HIGHER
G DENSITIES
S S WHICH
C ARE
LIVABLE, HEALTHY AND UPLIFTING
 Global Cityy Issues

PROVIDING
QUALITY
ADDRESSING ACHIEVING AMENITY SPACE
URBANISATION BETTER URBAN AT HIGH
LIVING
G DENSITY
 Global Cityy Issues

ENGAGING
“LOCALISM” /
ENSURING
IDENTITY –
COORDINATING URBAN
LAND USE AND REDUCING THE ADDRESSING THE CHARACTER &
TRANSPORT NEED TO INFORMATION COMMUNITY
TRAVEL AGE
G
 UK/Europe
p City
y Trends

CHAMPIONING
REDUCING SERVICE, CREATING
CARBON INTELLIGENCE GREENER
EMISSIONS
SS O S AND INNOVATION CITIES
GLA LONDON INITIATIVES
MINIMUM REDUCTION
TARGETS
(AGAINST A 1990 BASE)

• 15% by 2010
• 20% by 2015
• 25% by 2020
• 30% by 2025
• 60% b
by 2050
 UK/Europe
p City
y Trends

PROMOTING PROVIDING
THE CREATIVE IMPROVING EXPANDING THE AFFORDABLE
ECONOMY TRANSPORT DIGITAL CITY HOUSING
 SE Asia
9th
Largest Economy in the World

600+
Million People Combined

5.7%
GDP Growth
G th Projected
P j t d for
f 2011

53%
Urbanization by 2030
SE Asia – The Rise of the Mega-City
g y
SE ASIA CITIES Mid 2010
2025 
1st Tier
Ti Population in
Population in 
Projection
Or capital city Millions

Jakarta, (Jabodetabek)  Indonesia 22,000,000 32,720,000

Manila, Philippines 20,795,000 30,335,000

Shanghai, China 18,884,000 23,155,000
Beijing, China 17,430,000 17,740,000
Shenzhen , China 14,470,000 18,830,000
Guangzhou, China 13,245,000 17,295,000
Bangkok, Thailand 8,290,000 10,013,000
Hong Kong, China 7,100,000 8,055,000
H Chi Mi h Vi t
Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam 7 100 000
7,100,000 11 380 000
11,380,000
Hanoi, Vietnam 6,452,000 8,028,000
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 5,835,000 8,230,000
Singapore 5,015,388 5,250,000
SE Asia GDP Growth
 Th World
The W ld Today
T d
The Challenge
The Challenge - Building Livable Cites at Higher Densities

Chi
Chicago, US
Vietnam’s Economic Growth
andd Urbanization
U b i ti Challenges
Ch ll
Facts RATE OF URBANIZATION

Highest rate of
Urbanization in Asia

POPULATION DISTRIBUTION

‘GOLDEN POPULATION’ PERIOD

68% of population is under 40
Vietnam Economic Growth

Source: World Bank Data

 Issues & Needs

CREATING REDUCING /
DIVERSIFYING
RAPIDLY BETTER MINIMISING
THE ECONOMY
EXPANDING TRANSPORT ENVIRONMENT
POPULATION LINKS AL IMPACTS
 Issues & Needs

ADDRESSING
CLIMATE
ADDRESSING CURTAILING MINIMISING CHANGE &
THE SPEED OF MODERNISING SUBURBAN LOSS OF MITIGATING
URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE SPRAWL NATIVE FLOOD RISK
GROWTH LANDSCAPE
Engaging Local Character
E
Ensuring
i Identity
Id tit
Vi t
Vietnamese Landscapes
L d
Impressions
Coastal Landscapes
p
Coastal Landscapes
River Deltas
Agricultural
g Landscapes
p
Village
g Identity
y
Community Identity
 Vi t
Vietnamese Cities
Citi
Impressions
Green Shaded

Compact Vibrant

G
Green Citi
Cities
Heritage Tradition

Community Colorful
Vi t
Vietnamese Cities
Citi
Issues
Rapid Growth
Losing Agrarian Landscape
Managing Water
UQuiet + di
Upgrading Infrastructure
I f
Calm Interior
t t
Anti-Urban Environment
 Building Liveable
C
Communities
iti att Higher
Hi h
Densities
T
Towers + Villas:
Vill The
Th Future?
F t ?
Houston,, Texas USA
Low-Rise / High Density
= Vibrancy
Providing Better Living
agricultural
g landscape
p
agricultural
g landscape
p
New Typologies
yp g
New Typologies
yp g
New Typologies
yp g
New Typologies
yp g
Addressing Climate Change
and
d Mitigating
Miti ti Flood
Fl d Risk
Ri k
Climate Change
g Vulnerability
y
SE Asia Coastal Cities
Flood Danang
 Flood Risk

300km2 of
Ho Chi Minh City
is currently at risk of
flooding
(at a level of +2m) Map of HCMC
affecting a population of
2 million people EASTERN SENSE
- FLOOD RISK ASSESSMENT
Floodagricultural
Protection
g landscape
Strategies
gp
Floodagricultural
Protection
g landscape
Strategies
gp
Floodagricultural
Protection
g landscape
Strategies
gp
Ensuring
g Open
p Space
p
Rainwater Harvesting
g/
Stormwater Cleansing
 Environmentally
y Driven Design
g
Cold
Wi
Winter
Winds

Summer
Breezes

Summe Cold
r Winter
Breezes Winds

CENDERE VALLEY
- WIND ANALYSIS

CENDERE VALLEY
- BUILT FORM PLAN
 Environmentally
y Driven Design
g

GREEN TECH CITY

- WIND ANALYSIS AND DEVELOPMENT OF BUILT FORMS
 Environmentally
y Driven Design
g
Southern Climates – Orient Buildings within 15º of E/W Orientation to Minimise Exposure to Elevated Summer Sun
(assuming horizontal shading devices – projecting or recessed balconies / sunshades / etc.)

W E
Energy
gy Conservation
Sustainable Strategies Towards Carbon Neutral Cities
• Promote compact and mixed-use development to reduce the need to travel

• Create meaningful public places to bring people together

• Orient blocks & buildings to encourage daylight harvesting

• Utilize vegetation to reduce heat islands and clean the air

• Generate energy on-site from renewable resources: micro wind turbines,

photovoltaics,
h t lt i geo-thermal
th l

• Capitalise on critical mass to provide shared Combined Heating and Power

plants

• Manage stormwater efficiently through green roofs, wetlands, permeable

paving bio
paving, bio-filtration
filtration swales

• Provide access to public transportation and promote solar powered water

ferries trams
ferries, trams, fuel-efficient buses

• Encourage walking and bicycling

 Improving Urban Mobility
P
Promoting
ti Public
P bli Transport
T t
Urban Mobilityy
 Urban Mobilityy – the ‘Car Crisis’
Car and motor-cycle ownership Proportion of daily trips
(per 1,000 people) by private transport
Urban Mobilityy – Great Streets
Case Studies
HO CHI MINH CITY
PHU MY HUNG
MASTER PLAN
HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM
SAIGON SOUTH MASTER PLAN
Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
SAIGON SOUTH MASTER PLAN
Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
DA NANG
SON TRA
PENINSULA
DA NANG, VIETNAM
Scale Comparison
p
Island Features
Planned Developments
p
Island Features
Zone for future development
p
Concentrated development
p zones
Developments
p Merging
g g with Nature
Emerging
g g Strategy
gy
Concentrated Development
p Approach
pp
Proposed
p Access Strategy
gy
Proposed
p Eco-Trails
An Island of Paths
Water Based Activities
South: East Sea Overlook
CREATING A DESTINATION AND ACTIVE CENTRE ALONG THE CITY EDGE OF THE PENINSULA
South: East Sea Overlook
CREATING A DESTINATION AND ACTIVE CENTRE ALONG THE CITY EDGE OF THE PENINSULA
East: Island promontory
p y
STRIKING A PROPER BALANCE DEVELOPMENT AND NATURE
East: Island promontory
p y
STRIKING A PROPER BALANCE DEVELOPMENT AND NATURE
FPT CITY

DANANG, VIETNAM
GOLDEN HILLS
ECO URBAN
ECO-URBAN
COMMUNITY
DA NANG, VIETNAM
Waterways
y agricultural
g landscape
p
Waterways
y agricultural
g landscape
p
Waterways
y agricultural
g landscape
p
Flow / Estuaryy agricultural
g landscape
p
Open
p Space:
p 32% agricultural
g landscape
p
Open
p Space
p Framework
agricultural
g landscape
p
Neighbourhood
g Character
Development
p Typologies
yp agricultural
gg landscape
p
Riverfront Eco Park
Water Edge
g Levels
Flood Protection agricultural
g landscape
p
‘Urban’ Neighbourhood
g
‘Urban’ Neighbourhood
g
Eco Island Neighbourhoods
g
Eco Island Neighbourhoods
g