Low Carbon Steel

Low carbon steels consist primarily of ferrite, which is a solid solution

phase of carbon dissolved in alpha-iron, a body centered cubic crystal.
Low carbon steels generally contain less than 0.25% carbon and cannot be strengthened by
heat-treating (strengthening can only be accomplished through cold working). The low carbon
material is relatively soft and weak, but has outstanding ductility and toughness. In addition, it is
machineable, weld-able, and is relatively inexpensive to produce.
Mild steel (iron containing a small percentage of carbon, strong and tough but not readily tempered)
it provides material properties that are acceptable for many applications. Mild steel contains
approximately 0.05–0.30% carbon[1] making it malleable and ductile. Mild steel has a relatively low
tensile strength, but it is cheap and easy to form; surface hardness can be increased
through carburizing.[3]  Low-carbon steels contain less carbon than other steels and are easier to
cold-form, making them easier to handle.[7] Typical applications of low carbon steel are car parts,
pipes, construction, and food cans.[8] 0.05 to 0.25% carbon (plain carbon steel) content. Typical
applications include automobile body components, structural shapes (e.g., I-beams, channel
and angle iron), and sheets that are used in pipelines, buildings. . Low carbon steel also contains
pearlite and ferrite as major components. Low carbon steel is generally used straight from the
forming process, whether that process is hot forming or cool forming, because that's when it's
most workable and easiest to form.

cannot be strengthen by heat treatment.

Low carbon steel has some of the best weldability of any metal. Low carbon steel also possesses
good formability.

Low-carbon steel is characterized by a low ratio of carbon to iron. By definition, low-carbon consists of
less than 0.30% of carbon. Also known as mild steel, it costs less to produce than both medium-carbon
and high-carbon steel. In addition to its low cost, low-carbon steel is more pliable, which may improve its
effectiveness for certain applications while lowering its effectiveness for other applications.

Medium Carbon Steel

Medium-carbon steel has a higher ratio of carbon to iron than low-carbon steel but still less than
that of high-carbon steel. While low-carbon steel consists of less than 0.30% carbon, medium-
carbon steel contains anywhere from 0.30% to 0.60% carbon. Many automotive parts are made
of medium-carbon steel. It’s stronger and more durable than low-carbon steel but still offers at
least some ductility. Approximately 0.3–0.5% carbon content. [1] Balances ductility and strength and
has good wear resistance; used for large parts, forging and automotive components. Medium
carbon steels have carbon concentrations between 0.25% and 0.60%. These steels may
be heat-treated by austenizing, quenching, and then tempering to improve their
mechanical properties. On a strength-to-cost basis, the heat-treated medium carbon
steels provide tremendous load carrying ability.
 1. An iron-based mixture is considered to be an  alloy steel when
manganese is greater than 1.65%, silicon over 0.5%, copper above 0.6%,
or other minimum quantities of alloying elements such as chromium,
nickel, molybdenum, vanadium, or tungsten are present. An enormous
variety of distinct properties can be created for the steel by substituting
these elements in the recipe to increase hardness, strength, or chemical
resistance. Medium carbon steels have low hardenability.
The use for medium-carbon steel are characterized by the necessity for a high elasticity and
malleability that, in spite of its fragility when contrasted with different types of steel, settle
on it the favored decision. In the vicinity of 0.3 and 0.7 percent carbon is added amid the
assembling procedure to make a medium or mid-run steel item. This particular scope of
carbon is joined with a procedure of extinguishing (i.e., cooling the steel from the external
surface to the internal) and treating to make a structure that has a reliable rigidity (alluded
to as Martensite) all through the body.