By-product from rice mill, rice

husk, rice bran and its

utilization

Presented by
Amita
FMPE (PhD)
INTRODUCTION
Rice

Rice structure
 By-product - A by product is a secondary product derive from a manufacturing
process or chemical reaction during production of main product.

 Rice Straw - Straw is produced by harvesting of paddy. Straw comes from what is
left on the plant after it is harvested.
1 ton of paddy crop produces 290 kg straw
290 kg straw produce 100 kWh of power
Calorific value = 2400 kcal/kg

 Rice Husk - Husk are generated during the first stage of rice milling, when rough
rice and paddy rice is husked and the grains are threshed.
1 ton of paddy produces 220 kg husk
1 ton husk is equivalent to 410-570 kWh electricity
Calorific value = 3000 kcal/kg

 Rice bran - Rice bran is the layer between the inner grain and the outer hull of
whiter rice is called as bran.

Source: https://www.bioenergyconsult.com/tag/paddy-wastes/
The main by-products of rice are:-

Source: https://www.bioenergyconsult.com/tag/paddy-wastes/
Paddy grain and its products after husking
Loss of nutrients due to paddy straw burning (per ton basis)

 Nitrogen 5.5 kg

 Sulphur 1.2 kg

 Phosphorus 2.3 kg

 Potash 25.0 kg

 Organic Carbon 400 kg

 Rice husk uses Rice bran uses Rice straw uses

Edible grade oil Mulch

Fuel
Industrial grade crude oil Mushroom Production
Gaseous fuel
Free fatty acid manufacture Packing Material
Husk briquette Plasticizers Briquettes
Tocoferol
Silicon tetra chloride Ropes
Rice bran wax
Vermi compost
Husk board
Husk ash uses Pellets
Furfural
Paper
Carrier for bio fertilizer
Bio gas production
organisms
Animal feeding
Sodium silicate

Activated carbon
Pellets
The straw fuel or biofuel of biomass pellet mill machine uses corn stalk, wheat straw,
rice straw, peanut shell, cob, cotton bar, soybean rod, weeds, branches, leaves, sawdust,
bark and other solid wastes as raw materials.

After crushing, pressing, increasing density and forming, they become small solid
pellets fuel.

Delivery and storage for biomass pellet fuel is very convenient and at the same time, its
combustion performance is greatly improved. The technological process of biomass
pellet mill is: collecting raw materials, crushing raw materials, pelletize raw materials
and finally packaging and selling.

Ring die-type pelletizing machine

Piston-type briquetting
Structure of the screw extruder
 Compressed rice straws

 This is done to produce homogenous fuel with a high energy

density in square, rectangle, cubed shapes with dimension of Different size of straws
50×50×50mm3 (LooVan S et al.,2004a).

compressed rice straws

Machine for compressed straws

Degradable Disposal
 These products are not only reduce the problem of agricultural waste but also diminish
the dependence on non-renewable petroleum based, melanin products that are non-
biodegradable and well existing for hundreds of years8.

 Materials: Agricultural crop residues as rice husk and wheat husk, lemon juice and
carboxy methyl cellulose.
Preparation of Husk paste

Sample Preparation Weighed 3.5g carboxy methyl cellulose and mixed

Washing it with 100ml of distilled water to make 3.5% edible
a) before water resistant coating,
Drying b) after water resistant coating as
glue.
Crushing final products
Then mixed thoroughly the husk powder with
edible glue in the ratio of 96.5:3.5% and some lemon
juice was also added.

After that the mixture was saturated with steam in Rolling the husk paste
the autoclave for 20min at the temperature of 120oC.
Primary shaping
As a result uniform husk paste material was formed Secondary shaping and drying
which was then further sterilized with UV light for
15min by using UV lamp. Surface treating and 2nd drying
To Make Paper
Straw is a competitive, alternative source of fiber for paper making to reduce the pressures on
forests. Rice straw can be used not only to make paper but various paper products (i.e.,
newsprint, copier paper, bond paper, etc.).

white liquor (80:20 NaOH and

NaS) and steamed for about two to
three hours at high temperature
and pressure (162 - 168oC and 7-8
bleaching agents are used to
kg/cm2).
bleach the pulp like chlorine,
chlorine dioxide, hydrogen
peroxide, oxygen and calcium Jordan is used in mechanical pulp
hypo chlorite. preparation method in which a conical
plug rotates in conical shell.
Paddy straw pulps are blended with
10-15% of high strength

Paper manufacturing process flow chart

Rice Husk Particle Board
Mushroom Production

Oyster mushroom production

Chopping of paddy straw
 Sterilize ( Baviston + Pharmaline )
 Drying (Mc = 15-20%)
 Spawn-run
 Packing
Watering
Harvesting
Marketing
Vermin compost
Paddy waste is used for making vermin compost, various methods are:-

Bedding
Size of worm compost heaps
Wide = 1-2 m Feed
High = 30-50 cm Worms
Length = As long as desired
Watering
Worm used = Eisenia fetida
Location Covering the compost heap
Distributed b/w rows of trees Monitoring
Housed in shelters
Harvesting of vermin compost
Climate
Tem. = 20 -25 degree
Humidity = 80%

Eisenia fetida Vermin compost

Silica Uses of Precipitated silica in products :
Rubber reinforcement (Tyre industry)
 One ton of paddy milled generates 200 kg of husk
Plastic reinforcement
 200 kg of husk give 50 kg of ash
Agriculture (Animal food)
The ash contains 60~80% Silica (i.e.) 40 kg silica per
Food, Healthcare, Cosmetics
ton of paddy
Catalyst; Coatings
Pulp and Paper processing
 Rice bran

Bran is the hard outer layer of grain and consists of

aleuronic, pericarp, germ and a part of endosperm. Composition of rice bran
Constituents Percentage
 Bran removal amounts to 4% to 9% weight of the paddy water 8.9-14.7
milled.. Protein 10 .6-13.4
fat 10.1-22.4
N-free extract 38.7-44.3
Fiber 9.6-14.3
Ash 9.3-14.3
Pent sane 8.7-11.4
Cellulose 11.4
Reducing Sugar 1.3
Sucrose 10.6
Different bran sample (rough, parboiled & raw bran)
Preparatory unit

HOPPER

ROTERY SCREEN
Preparatory unit.
SCREW CONVEYOR

BUCKET ELEVATOR

FEED CONVEYOR STEAM

PALETTIZATION HEATING

COOLING

BRAN PELLET SEND

TO SOLVENT UNIT
THROUGH
CONVEYOR
Palletization machine
Solvent extraction unit-
Hopper (dry pallet)

Extraction (Hexane + oil)

Fine separation Direct roasting

Miscella tank
Hexane
Hexane storage
Economiser(45-50 C) Oil

Heater-A (85-90C) Oil less pallets

Hexane vapour

Heater-B (100C)
Packaging
Condenser Final heater (110C)

Storage
Hexane liquid
For refinery
Refinery unit-

Crude oil

Degumming Gum

Neutralization FFA, gum, pigments

Hydration tank (80C) Moisture Separator

Separator (100C) Waste water

Bleaching tank Colour

Leaf filter (PLF) Mud, earth

Crystallizer Fine wax

Plate filter (frame) Solid wax

Deodorizer (200-250C) FFA and smell

Packaging unit
Refinery unit-
Rice bran

Preparatory unit

extraction a) Bran Crude Rice oil

b) Single refined oil
c) Double refined oil
Crude oil

Refined oil (80%) Gum (2-5%) Wax (2-3%) FFA (10-14%)

Lecithin

Acid lecithin Water lecithin

Industry

Consumer
Rice bran oil
Rice bran oil benefits-
Nutritionally superior.
Longer shelf life.
Better protection for heart & related blood vessels.
Economic-15% less absorption of oil during frying.
More stable at higher temperature.
Gives better taste & flavor to food items.
Oil is less sticky-easy to wash and lower soap consumption.
Used as a health heart oil, control diabetes, improve the immune system, cholesterol
control.
Promotes heart helps burn fat.
Rice bran oil is use in cosmetics.
By-product refinery
Gum.
Water degumming process
Wax.
Free Fatty acid. Heating (80-100 c)

water Mixing (15-30mint)

Holding (15-30mint)

Separation

Drying Wet gum

Drying
Water degummed oil

Commercial lecithin
Acid degumming process Enzymatic degumming process

Crude oil Crude oil

Mixing (citric dilute acid) Heating (65-70 C)

Enzyme
Mixing
Holding (30 mint)

Holding
Separation

Separating
Drying

Drying
Acid degummed oil Gum

Enzyme degummed oil

Lecithin-
 Lecithin can be obtained from a source such as extracted oil of plant
seeds, and vegetable oil, by using a process known as degumming.
 Degumming is the treatment of oil with water to remove phosphorus
containing compounds, waxes and other impurities from oil.
Crude lecithin
 Emulsifiers
 Viscosity Modifiers
 Separating Agents
 Extrusion Aids
 Anti-Dusting Agents
 Shelf- Life Aids
 Supplements
 Dispersing agent
 Beverage industry
Properties & uses of lecithin
Wax
2-3% wax is obtained during refining of RBO
Usage of waxes:
 Chewing gums For food wraps
 Coating over fruits Carbon paper
 Polishing of floor and leather etc.
RICE BROKEN

Making Flour

Used for Idli ready mix

Used for upma, and other ready mixes like dosa etc

For brewery

For animal feed etc.

Other Uses for Rice Straw

 Packing Materials: The compaction resistance and resiliency of rice straw makes it a very good
packing material.

 Erosion control and soil stabilization: Rice straw is an effective material both in commercial
erosion control practices and in rice field erosion control. Bales of rice straw can be shredded on
site and blown into roadside cuts and fills to provide soil stabilization.

 Frost control: layers of rice straw can be used for frost control in areas with low temperatures.
These uses are usually closely allied with mulching and composting and it is difficult to
determine which one of the practices is dominant.

 Sewage sludge mixing: Rice straw would be a suitable bulking agent for sewage sludge
composting and disposal. It would appear that chopped or fiberized straw would increase both
absorbency and acceleration of decomposition.
Thanks