2018 IEEE International Students' Conference on Electrical, Electronics and

Computer Science

Dual Band Circular Polarized Planar Antenna

Vikash Kumar#1,Mohammad Imroz Khan #2,Avinash Chandra #3,Sushrut Das#4
#
Department of Electronics Engineering, IIT(ISM) Dhanbad,
Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India-826004
1
vikash988@gmail.com
2
specialimroz@gmail.com
3
avinashchandra888@gmail.com
4
sushrut_das@yahoo.com

Abstract—A dual band circular polarized antenna using CPW CST Microwave Studio. The proposed structure consists of a
feed is presented in this paper. The proposed antenna is a dual single feed attached to the asymmetric patch which works as a
band planar slot antenna having an asymmetric patch and primary stub along with an inverted L shaped grounded strip
modified ground. Both resonating bands are circular polarized placed in the close proximity of the primary stub. The
with axial ratio < 3dB.Circular polarization is achieved in the designed antenna is fed by a 50Ω CPW feed of width 3.2mm
proposed antenna by introducing an inverted L shaped grounded and a gap of 0.4mm between feed and ground. The proposed
strip in the proposed structure. The antenna provides circular antenna is designed and simulated on CST Microwave Studio
polarization for two frequency bands which extends from on a 30×30 mm square sheet of FR4. Primary stub is attached
3.3GHz-3.7GHz and 5.18GHz-5.40GHz and can be used for ISM
to the central signal strip and is perturbed in the slot. To
band applications.
generate circular polarization asymmetric conducting strips
Keywords—dual band, slot antenna, grounded strip, cpw feed are added to the primary stub in order to generate orthogonal
fields of same amplitude but 90° out of phase in time which is
I. INTRODUCTION a necessary condition required to obtain circular polarization
which results in lowering of axial ratio. Further the circular
Integration of CPW feed with micro strip planar antennas
polarized nature of the proposed antenna is improved by
is preferred for designing circular polarized antennas because
introducing an inverted L shaped conducting strip embedded
CPW feed provides several advantages like wide band nature,
in the ground which reduces the axial ratio below 3dB.The
reduced size, reduced radiation and dispersion losses etc
dual band nature of the antenna is improved by introducing
[1].Since in circular polarized antennas signal strength is not
couple of rectangular slots in the ground on either side of feed
affected by multipath fading along with their insensitivity to
and placing the radiating patch towards –y direction with
antenna orientations, use of circular polarized antennas are
respect to antenna plane.
preferred over linearly polarized antennas. Circular
polarization can be realized when two orthogonal field
components of equal amplitude having a time phase difference
of 90° are excited. Some of the existing methods of realizing
circular polarization are [2] T-shaped slot antenna, [3] using a
square shaped wide slot antenna, [4] the CP operation is
realized by the interaction from the T-shaped stub on the
wide-slot and the T-junction, [5] a CPW fed cross patch
loaded square shaped slot antenna.
In this paper a CPW fed dual band circular polarized
antenna is presented[6]-[10]. The proposed antenna consists of
a rectangular ground and a asymmetric patch etched on same
plane attributing to the coplanar waveguide structure i.e.
radiating patch and ground are on same plane. The necessary
condition of excitation of orthogonal fields in phase
quadrature is met by the introduction of an L shaped arm in
the close proximity of asymmetric feed. The L arm is
embedded in the ground whose dimension is a crucial factor
for the generation of circular polarized radiations.
II. ANTENNA DESIGN
The design of the proposed circular polarized dual band
CPW antenna is shown in fig.1 which shows the top view of
the structure. This antenna is designed on FR4 substrate of Fig. 1. Geometrical view of the proposed antenna.
Ɛr=4.4 and loss tangent=0.02 of dimension 30×30×1.6 mm on

978-1-5386-2663-4/18/$31.00 ©2018 IEEE

 TABLE I: Shows geometrical dimensions of proposed antenna (mm) polarized behavior of antenna. The key factor involved in
a b c d e f h i k l excitation of circular polarized radiations in the proposed
24.45 18.60 1.25 6.4 18.75 3.2 1.6 1 2.01 30 antenna is the use of asymmetric patch and grounded inverted
m n o p q r s t u v L shaped strip. From the observation of sense of rotation of
11.52 2.02 0.81 2 7.16 3.2 1.8 2 3 2 current vector for different time instants it can be concluded
w z1 z2 z3 z4 z5 that the proposed antenna is a right handed circular polarized
30 1.8 5.7 14 2 3 antenna. Ideally an antenna is considered as a circular
polarized antenna for a set of frequencies if the axial ratio is
A. CP MECHANISM AND ANALYSIS 0dB for that set of frequencies. However in practical
In order to study the circular polarization characteristics of applications, an antenna having axial ratio less than 3dB is
the antenna we analyze the path traced by the current vector assumed to be working as a circular polarized antenna.
from the surface current density distribution. For a circular
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
polarized antenna current vector follows a circular path with
advancing time and rotates either in clockwise direction or in The proposed antenna is designed and optimized to
anticlockwise direction. For a left handed circular polarized achieve acceptable antenna parameter values.S11 of the
antenna the current vector follows a clockwise rotation while proposed antenna is shown in fig.3 which reveals that the
for a right handed circular polarized antenna it follows counter designed structure is a dual band antenna having two
clockwise direction with +z direction considered as direction resonating bands for which the S11 is less than -10dB.
of propogation.Surface current density distribution for
different time instants i.e. at t=0;t=T/4;t=T/2;t=3T/4 is shown
in fig.2.

Fig. 3. S-Parameter of proposed antenna

(a) (b)

(c) (d)
Fig. 2. Simulated surface current density distribution at 3.5GHz (a):t=0 (b):
t=T/4 (c): t=T/2 (d): t=3T/4
From the study of the current vector it can be inferred that
the proposed antenna is a right handed circular polarized
antenna. Also axial ratio of the proposed antenna is less than
3dB for both resonating bands which ensures the circular
Fig. 4. Axial ratio of proposed antenna
Axial ratio of the proposed antenna is plotted in fig.4
which shows that axial ratio is less than 3dB for both
resonating bands thereby making the antenna to work as dual
band circular polarized antenna. Normalized radiation pattern
of the proposed antenna is depicted in fig.5 which confirms
the RHCP nature of antenna. Gain of the antenna is plotted in

SCEECS 2018
fig.6 which shows that the max achievable gain of proposed
antenna is 3dBi.
Fig. 5. Normalized LHCP and RHCP radiation pattern of proposed antenna
(a) at 3.1 GHz in xz-plane, (b) at 3.1 GHz in yz-plane, (c) at 5.3 GHz in xz-
plane and (d) at 5.3 GHz in yz-plane.
Fig. 6. Gain of proposed antenna
IV. CONCLUSION
A multiband circular polarized planar slot antenna was
presented in this paper exhibiting circular polarized behavior
in both resonating bands. The proposed antenna is compact,
planar antenna with asymmetric structure along with grounded
inverted L-shaped strip generating circular polarization for the
upper and lower bands. The asymmetric structure used to
excite circular polarization consists of a main radiating patch
along with number of conducting strips embedded in it to
create asymmetric excitation along with grounded L-shaped
strip. The presented antenna is working as a right handed
circular polarized antenna for both resonating bands extending
from 3.3GHz-3.7GHz and 5.18GHz-5.4GHz and can be used
for ISM band applications.
SCEECS 2018
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