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Article 9 Visual Examination: Laminate Laminate
Article 9 Visual Examination: Laminate Laminate
VISUAL EXAMINATION
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T-950 1998 SECTION V T-992
T-950 PROCEDURE /TECHNIQUE under examination and shall be less than the light
applied through the area or region under examination.
T-951 Applications
The artificial light source shall have sufficient intensity
to permit “candling” any translucent laminate thickness
Visual examination is generally used to determine
variations. Classification of the visual imperfections
such things as the surface condition of the part, align-
shall be made as recommended in SD-2563, Article 28.
ment of mating surfaces, shape, or evidence of leaking.
In addition, visual examination is used to determine a
composite material’s (translucent laminate) subsurface
T-980 EVALUATION
conditions.
T-980.1 All examinations shall be evaluated in terms
of the acceptance standards of the referencing Code
T-952 Direct Visual Examination
Section.
Direct visual examination may usually be made when
T-980.2 An examination checklist shall be used to
access is sufficient to place the eye within 24 in. of
plan visual examination and to verify that the required
the surface to be examined and at an angle not less
visual observations were performed. This checklist es-
than 30 deg. to the surface to be examined. Mirrors
tablishes minimum examination and inspection require-
may be used to improve the angle of vision, and aids
ments and does not indicate the maximum examination
such as a magnifying lens may be used to assist
which the Manufacturer may perform in process.
examinations. Illumination (natural or supplemental
white light) for the specific part, component, vessel,
or section thereof being examined is required. The
T-990 DOCUMENTATION/RECORDS
minimum light level shall be 50 footcandles. The light
source, technique used, and light level verification is T-991 Reports
required to be demonstrated one time, documented, and
maintained on file. Visual examination personnel shall When required by the referencing Code Section, a
have an annual visual examination to assure natural or written report shall be provided.
corrected near distance acuity such that they are capable (a) The date of the test, examination procedure used,
of reading standard J-1 letters on standard Jaeger test and results shall be certified by the Manufacturer. The
type charts for near vision or equivalent methods. illuminators, instruments, equipment, tools, etc., shall
be identified in the report to the extent that they or
their equivalents can be obtained for future examina-
T-953 Remote Visual Examination
tions. This may be accomplished by referencing the
In some cases, remote visual examination may have visual examination procedure number.
to be substituted for direct examination. Remote visual (b) At the option of the Manufacturer, he may main-
examination may use visual aids such as mirrors, tele- tain one certification for each product, or several separate
scopes, borescopes, fiber optics, cameras, or other suit- signed records based on the area or type of work, or
able instruments. Such systems shall have a resolution both combined. Where impractical to use specialized
capability at least equivalent to that obtainable by direct visual examination personnel, knowledgeable production
visual observation. workmen may be used to perform the examination and
to sign the report forms.
(c) Even though dimensions, etc., were recorded in
T-954 Translucent Visual Examination
the process of visual examination to aid in the evalua-
Translucent visual examination is a supplement of tion, there need not be documentation of each viewing
direct visual examination. The method of translucent or each dimensional check. Documentation shall include
visual examination uses the aid of artificial lighting all observation and dimensional checks specified by
which can be contained in an illuminator that produces the referencing Code Section.
directional lighting. The illuminator shall provide light
of an intensity that will illuminate and diffuse the light
T-992 Records
evenly through the area or region under examination.
The ambient lighting must be so arranged that there Records shall be maintained as required by the
are no surface glares or reflections from the surface referencing Code Section.
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ARTICLE 9
MANDATORY APPENDIX
183