9th Standard Surya Tamil Guide PDF Download

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,sikj; jkpnH
xd;gjhk; tFg;g[
jpUj;jpa ghlj;jpl;lj;jpd;go
▶ Mrphpah; Fwpg;g[ ▶ nghl;oj;njh;it ikakpl;l tpdh?tpil
▶ ghlypd; bghUs; ▶ jfty; bjhHpy;El;g jkpH;r;brhw;fs;
▶ fw;git fw;wgpd; ▶ ,yf;fzf;Fwpg;g[ fz;lwpa vspa tHpfs;
▶ vspikahd tpsf;f=;fs; ▶ TLjy; tpdhf;fs;
▶ cah;rpe;jid tpdh?tpil ▶ bjhFj;jwp kjpg;gPl;L tpdhj;jhs;
▶ kdg;ghlg; gFjpfs;
rk ;
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tpdhj; bjhFg;g[ ifnaL
ciuahrphpah;fs;:
nfh. ghf;fpaehjd;/ vk;.V./ vk;.Bgpy;./ gp.vl;./
jkpHhrphpah;/ J}a rnthpahh; nky;epiyg;gs;sp/ ghisa=;nfhl;il.
rp. $hd; @ khlrhkp/ vk;.V./ gp.vl;./ vk;.Bgpy;./ tP. mgpn&fh nfj;jhpd;/ vk;.V./ gp.vl;./
nuh!;nkhp bkl;hpf; nky;epiyg;gs;sp/ nuh!;nkhp bkl;hpf; nky;epiyg;gs;sp/
ghisa=;nfhl;il. ghisa=;nfhl;il.
SURYA PUBLICATIONS
(A UNIT OF SHYAMALA GROUP)
Tirunelveli - Chennai
Price ` 220/-
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(ii)
Published By
B. ARUMUGAM
SURYA PUBLICATIONS
(A unit of Shyamala Group)
BANK DETAILS
TIRUNELVELI ACCOUNT
Account Name : Surya Publications Account Name : Surya Publications

Account Number : 446971431 Account Number : 510909010051752
Bank Name : Indian Bank Bank Name : City Union Bank
IFSC Code : IDIB000T034 IFSC Code : CIUB0000230
Branch Name : Tirunelveli Junction Branch Name : Palayamkottai
CHENNAI ACCOUNT
Account Name : Sri Ganga Publication Account Name : Sri Ganga Publication
Account Number : 928507483 Account Number : 512020010022514
Bank Name : Indian Bank Bank Name : City Union Bank
IFSC Code : IDIB000A031 IFSC Code : CIUB0000230
Branch Name : Ashok Nagar Branch Name : Palayamkottai
SURYA PUBLICATIONS
(A UNIT OF SHYAMALA GROUP)
Corporate Office : Registered Office :

No. 1, Sugar Mill Colony, New No. 59, 4th Avenue,
Salai Kumaran illam, Opp. to Govt. Boys Hr. Sec. School,
Madurai Road, Ashok Nagar,
Tirunelveli - 627001. Chennai - 600 083.
Phone : 0462 - 233 8899 / 233 8484 Phone : 044 - 2474 4484
Mobile : 94431 58484 / 95978 39822 Mobile : 94421 58484 / 94425 58484
Email : suryaguides@yahoo.com Email : srigangapublications5@gmail.com
Website : www.suryapublications.in
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(iii)
Kft[iu ....
thH;f epue;juk; thH;f jkpH;bkhHp
thHpa thHpa nt-
md;g[ khztr; bry;t=;fns-
jha;bkhHpahd jkpH;g; ghlj;jpy; khzth;fs; kpf cah;e;j
kjpg;bgz;fs; bgw;wpl ntz;Lk; vd;w vz;zj;jpy; ,e;j ,sikj; jkpnH
cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. khzth;fsplk; bghjpe;J fplf;Fk; jpwd;fis
btspf;bfhzh;e;J nkk;gLj;jpl cjt[k; tifapy; ,j;Jiztd;
jahhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
,j;Jiztdpy; jug;gl;Ls;s tpilfSk;/ gapw;rpfSk;
khzt khztpah; vspjhfg; goj;Jg; g[hpe;J bfhs;Sk; tifapy;
mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. khzth;fs; j=;fs; bkhHpahw;wy; jpwid
nkk;gLj;jpl ,j;Jiztd; cWJiz g[hpa[k;.
jkpH;ehL muRg; gzpahsh; njh;thizak; elj;Jk; nghl;oj;
njh;t[fSf;F Vw;w tifapYk; ,j;Jiztd; totikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
bra;a[s;/ ciueil/ Jizg;ghlk;/ ,yf;fzk;/ bkhHpg;gapw;rpfspy;
TLjy; tpdhf;fSk; gapw;rpfSk; jug;gl;Ls;sd.
khzth;fspd; fw;wy; jpwid nkk;gLj;jpl jkpHhrphpah;fs;
,ize;J cUthf;fpa ,j;Jiztid th=;fpg; gad;gLj;Jk; eP=;fs;
mhpa rhjidfs; gilj;jpl thH;j;Jfpnwhk;.
thH;f jkpH;- tsh;f jkpH; czh;t[-
md;g[ld;/
Mrphpah; FGkk;.
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(iv)
bghUslf;fk;
vz; ,ay; ghlj;jiyg;g[fs; gf;fk;
jpuhtpl bkhHpf;FLk;gk; 1
jkpnHhtpak; 6
xd;W bkhHp jkpH;tpL J}J* 11
tsUk; bry;tk; 18
bjhlh; ,yf;fzk; 20
ePhpd;wp mikahJ cyF 38
gl;lkuk; 44
,aw;if/ bghpag[uhzk;* 49
,uz;L Rw;Wr;NHy; g[wehD}W* 58
jz;zPh; 64
Jiztpidfs; 68
VWjGt[jy; 79
kzpnkfiy 85
@d;W gz;ghL mfHha;t[fs; 91
ty;ypdk; kpFk; ,l=;fs; 97
jpUf;Fws;* 106
,ae;jpu=;fSk; ,izatHpg; gad;ghLk; 116
X/ vd; rkfhyj; njhHh;fns-* 122
mwptpay;/
ehd;F bjhHpy;El;gk; caph;tif* 126
tpz;iza[k; rhLnthk; 130
ty;ypdk; kpfh ,l=;fs; 136
fy;tpapw; rpwe;j bgz;fs; 148
FLk;g tpsf;F 156
Ie;J fy;tp rpWg+;r@yk;* 166
tPl;ow;nfhh; g[j;jfrhiy 172
,ilr;brhy; ? chpr;brhy; 177
rpw;gf;fiy 189
,uhtz fhtpak;* 196
fiy/ mHfpay;/ ehr;rpahh; jpUbkhHp 210
MW g[Jikfs; bra;jp 217
g[zh;r;rp 221
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jpUf;Fws; 230
(v)
vz; ,ay; ghlj;jiyg;g[fs; gf;fk;

,e;jpa njrpa ,uhQtj;jpy; jkpHh; g=;F 236
rPtf rpe;jhkzp* 242
ehfhpfk;/
bjhHpy;/ tzpfk;/ Kj;bjhs;shapuk;* 252
VG ehL/ r@fk;/ kJiuf;fh+;rp 260
muR/ epUthfk;
re;ij 267
MFbgah; 273
bghpahhpd; rpe;jidfs; 284
xspapd; miHg;g[ 291
mwk;/ jj;Jtk;/ jhnth nj $p=; 298

vl;L rpe;jid anrhju fhtpak;* 303
kfDf;F vGjpa fojk; 307
ahg;gpyf;fzk; 310
tphpthFk; MSik 320
mf;fiw* 327
xd;gJ kdpjk;/ MSik FWe;bjhif 332

jha;ikf;F twl;rp ,y;iy 338
mzpapyf;fzk; 341
bghJf; fl;Liufs; 350
bjhFj;jwp kjpg;gPL ? jkpH; Kjy; jhs; 355
bjhFj;jwp kjpg;gPL ? jkpH; ,uz;lhk; jhs; 358

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(vi)
kdg;ghlg; gFjp
jkpH;tpL J}J: rPh;bgw;w bry;tk;
jpj;jpf;Fk; bjs;mKjha;j; bjs;mGjpd; nkyhd
Kj;jpf; fdpnavd; Kj;jkpnH ? g[j;jpf;Fs;
cz;zg; gLk;njnd cd;ndhL cte;J ciuf;Fk;
tpz;zg;gk; cz;L tpsk;gf;nfs; ? kz;zpy;
Fwk;vd;Wk; gs;Svd;Wk; bfhs;thh; bfhLg;gha;f;F
cwt[vd;W @d;W ,dj;Jk; cz;nlh ? jpwk;vy;yhk;
te;Jvd;Wk; rpe;jh kzpaha; ,Ue;jcidr;
rpe;J vd;W brhy;ypa ehr;rpe;Jnk
bghpag[uhzk;
fhbly;yhk; fiHf;fUk;g[ fhbty;yhk; FiHf;fUk;g[
khbly;yhk; fU=;Ftis tabyy;yhk; beU=;Ftis
nfhbly;yhk; klmd;dk; Fsbky;yhk; fly;md;d
ehbly;yhk; ePh;ehL jidxt;th eybky;yhk;. ? nrf;fpHhh;
g[wehD}W jpUf;Fws;
ePh; ,d;W mikah ahf;iff;F vy;yhk; kpFjpahd; kpf;fit bra;jhiuj; jhk;jk;
cz;o bfhLj;njhh; caph; bfhLj;njhnu- jFjpahd; btd;W tply;;.
cz;o Kjw;nw cztpd; gpz;lk;; vidj;jhDk; ey;yit nfl;f midj;jhDk;
czbtdg; gLtJ epyj;bjhL ePnu; Md;w bgUik jUk;.
ePUk; epyKk; g[zhpnahh;/ <z;L Xxjy; ntz;Lk; xspkhH;Fk; bra;tpid
clk;g[k; capUk; gilj;jprpndhnu- MmJk; vd;D kth;.
? Flg[ytpadhh; ? jpUts;Sth;
X/ vd; rkfhyj; njhHh;fns- caph; tif

mwptpay; vd;Dk; thfdk; kPjpy; xd;wwp tJnt cw;wwp tJnt
MSk; jkpiH epWj;J=;fs; ,uz;lwp tJnt mjbdhL ehnt
fhpfh yd;jd; bgUik vy;yhk; @d;wwp tJnt mtw;bwhL @f;nf
fzpg;bghwp a[s;ns bghUj;J=;fs; ehd;fwp tJnt mtw;bwhL fz;nz
Vt[k; jpirapy; mk;igg; nghy Ie;jwp tJnt mtw;bwhL brtpna
,Ue;j ,dj;ij khw;W=;fs; Mwwp tJnt mtw;bwhL kdnk
Vt[ fizapYk; jkpiH vGjp nehpjpd; czh;e;njhh; bewpg;gLj; jpdnu.
vy;yhf; nfhspYk; Vw;W=;fs;. ? bjhy;fhg;gpah;
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(vii)
rpWg+;r@yk;
g{thJ fha;f;Fk; kuk; cs" ed;W mwpthh;/
@thJ @j;jth;/ E}y; ty;yhh;" jhth/
tpijahik ehWt tpj;Jcs" nkijf;F
ciuahik bry;Yk; czh;t[.
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gpwh;ehzj; jf;fJ jhd;ehzhd; Mapd;
mwk;ehzj; jf;fJ cilj;J.
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cHe;Jk; cHnt jiy.
? jpUts;Sth;
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fy;ypilg; gpwe;j MWk;
fiubghU FsDk; njha[k;
Ky;iymk; g[wtpy; njhd;W
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(viii)
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ciueil cyfk;
Þò™
å¡Á jpuhtplbkhHpf; FLk;gk;
ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs;
FWtpdh
1. eP=;fs; ngRk; bkhHp ve;j ,e;jpa bkhHpf; FLk;gj;ijr; nrh;e;jJ>
ehd; ngRk; bkhHpahd jkpH;/ bjd; jpuhtpl bkhHpfSs; xd;whf ,Uf;fpwJ.
rpWtpdh
1. jpuhtpl bkhHpfspd; gphpt[fs; ahit> mtw;Ws; c=;fSf;Fj; bjhpe;j bkhHpfspd;
rpwg;gpay;g[fis tpsf;Ff.
z jpuhtpl bkhHpf;FLk;gk;/ bkhHpfs; gutpa epy mog;gilapy; bjd;jpuhtpl bkhHpfs;/
eLj; jpuhtpl bkhHpfs;/ tljpuhtpl bkhHpfs; vd @d;W gphpt[fis cilaJ.
z kiyahs bkhHpapy; jpiz/ ghy;/ vz; Mfpatw;iwf; fhl;Lk; ghywp fpstpfs;
,y;iy. jdpr; brhw;fshnyna Mz;/ bgz; gFg;ig mwpe;J bfhs;s Koa[k;.
z jkpH;bkhHp/ jpuhtpl bkhHpfs; rpytw;wpd; jha;bkhHpahff; fUjg;gLfpwJ. ,e;jpahtpd;
bjhd;ikahd fy;btl;Lfspy; bgUk;ghyhdit jkpHpnyna mike;Js;sd.
2. @d;W vd;Dk; vz;Qg; bgah; gpwjpuhtpl bkhHpfspy; vt;thW ,lk; bgw;Ws;sJ>
jpuhtpl bkhHpfspy; vz;Qg; bgah;fs; xd;Wnghynt mike;Js;sd. @d;W vd;Dk;
jkpH; vz;Qg; bgah; gpw jpuhtpl bkhHpfspy; gpd;tUkhW mika[k;.
jpuhtpl bkhHpfs; jkpH; kiyahsk; bjY=;F fd;dlk; JS

khw;wk; @d;W @Q @L @U @$p
beLtpdh
1. jpuhtpl bkhHpfspd; xg;gpay; Ma;tpw;Fj; jkpnH bgUe;Jizahf ,Uf;fpwJ vd;gij
vLj;Jf;fhl;LfSld; tpsf;Ff.
Kd;Diu :
jpuhtpl bkhHpfSs; Kjd;ikahf tps=;FtJ jkpH;. vj;jifa fhykhw;wj;jpYk;
khwptUk; g[JikfSf;Fk; <L bfhLj;J ,a=;Fk; Mw;wy; jkpGf;F cz;L. jkpHha;e;j
may;ehl;ltUk; brk;bkhHpj; jd;ikiaj; juzpba=;Fk; vLj;Jiuj;J tUfpd;wdh;.
jpuhtpl bkhHpfspd; xg;gpay; Ma;tpw;Fj; jkpnH bgUe;Jizahf ,Uf;fpwJ vd;gJ gw;wp
,f;fl;Liuapy; fhz;nghk;.
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2 IX  Nh;ah  ,sikj; jkpnH ,ay; 1
jpuhtpl bkhHpfspd; bghJg;gz;g[fs; :

brhw;fspd; ,d;wpaikahg; gFjp nth;r;brhy; MFk;. ,jw;F mor;brhy; vd;Wk;
bgah;. jpuhtpl bkhHpfspd; brhw;fis Muha;e;jhy;/ mit bghJthd mor;brhw;fisf;
fhzKofpwJ.
rhd;W :
mor;brhy; jpuhtpl bkhHpfs; mor;brhy; jpuhtpl bkhHpfs;
fz; jkpH; Bfd; Fqf;
fz;Q kiyahsk;/ fd;dlk; bfz; gh;$p
fd;D bjY=;F/ FlF bfhz; njhlh
jpuhtpl bkhHpfspd; vz;Qg; bgah;fSk; xd;W nghynt mike;Js;sd.
rhd;W :
jpuhtpl bkhHpfs; jkpH; kiyahsk; bjY=;F fd;dlk; JS
khw;wk; xd;W xz;Q xfo xe;J x+;rp
jpuhtpl bkhHpfSs; gpwbkhHpj; jhf;fk; kpft[k; Fiwe;jjhff; fhzg;gLk; bkhHp
jkpnH MFk;. jkpH; bkhHp jpuhtpl bkhHpfs; rpytw;wpd; jha; bkhHpahff; fUjg;gLfpwJ.
jkpHpd; gy mor; brhw;fspd; xypad;fs;/ xyp ,lk; bgah;jy; vd;w tpjpg;go gpw jpuhtpl
bkhHpfspd; totk; khwpapUf;fpd;wd. Rl;Lg;bgah;fSk; @tplg; bgah;fSk; bgUk;ghYk;
Fwpg;gplj;jf;f khw;w=;fisg; bgw;wpUf;fpd;wd.
epiwt[iu :
jpuhtpl bkhHpf; FLk;gj;jpd; @j;j bkhHpahfj; jpfH;fpd;w jkpH;/ gpw jpuhtpl bkhHpfis
tpl xg;gpay; Ma;t[f;Fj; Jizahf mike;Js;sJ.
TLjy; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjhpf
1. ,e;jpa bkhHpf; FLk;g tiffs; ............
m) 8 M) 18 ,) 6 <) 4
tpil: <) 4
2. bghUe;jhjijj; njh;e;bjL.
m) @d;W ? jkpH;
M) @Q ? kiyahsk;
,) @L ? bjY=;F
<) @U ? JS tpil: <) @U ? JS
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,ay; 1 IX  Nh;ah  ,sikj; jkpnH 3
3. bghUj;Jf.
m) bjY=;F ? i) ghujk;
M) kiyahsk; ? ii) ftpuh$ khh;f;fk;
,) jkpH; ? iii) r=;f,yf;fpak;
<) fd;dlk; ? iv) ,uhkrhpjk;
1) m. ii) M. i) ,. iv) <. iii) 2) m. i) M. iv) ,. iii) <. ii)
3) m. iv) M. ii) ,. i) <. iii) 4) m. iii) M. ii) ,. i) <. iv)
tpil: 2) m.i) M.iv) ,.iii) <.ii)
4. jkpH;/ bjY=;F/ fd;dlk;/ kiyahsk; nghd;w bkhHpfis xg;g[ikg;gLj;jp Ma;e;j Kjy;
mwp+h; ............
m) khf;RKy;yh; M) vkpndh ,) fhy;Lbty; <) gpuhd;rp!; vy;yp!;
tpil: <) gpuhd;rp!; vy;yp!;
5. ,e;jpahtpy; ngrg;gLk; bkhHpfspd; vz;zpf;if ............f;Fk; nkw;gl;lJ.
m) 1200 M) 1300 ,) 800 <) 1000
tpil: M) 1300
6. jkpH;/ bjY=;F/ fd;dlk;/ kiyahsk; nghd;w bkhHpfnshL khy;njh/ njhlh/ nfhz;o
Kjyhd bkhHpfs; gw;wpa Ma;it nkw;bfhz;lth; ............
m) fkpy;Rtygpy; M) fhy;Lbty; ,) n\hf;fd; <) Me;jpundht;
tpil: ,) n\hf;fd;
7. `jkpHpad;~ vd;W bjd;df bkhHpfis bgahpl;L miHj;jth; ............
m) fhy;Lbty; M) khf;!;Ky;yh; ,) !;bld;fndh <) n\hf;fd;
tpil: <) n\hf;fd;
epug;g[f
8. bkhHpf; FLk;gj;jpd; tiffs; vj;jid ............ > tpil : ehd;F
9. `,e;jpa ehL bkhHpfspd; fhl;rpr; rhiy` ahfj; jpfH;fpwJ vd;wth; ............
tpil : mfj;jpayp=;fk;
10. `jpuhtpl bkhHpfspd; xg;gpyf;fzk;~ vd;Dk; E}ypd; Mrphpah; ............
tpil : fhy;Lbty;
11. `jpuhtplk;` vd;w brhy;iy Kjypy; Fwpg;gpl;lth; ............ tpil : Fkhpyg;gl;lh;
12. jpuhtpl bkhHpfs; bkhj;jk; ............ tpil : 28
13. jkpH;bkhHpapd; gHikahd ,yf;fz E}y; vJ> tpil : bjhy;fhg;gpak;
14. `yPyhjpyfk;~ ? vk;bkhHpapd; gHikahd ,yf;fz E}y;> tpil : kiyahsk;
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FWtpdh
1. bkhHpf;FLk;gk; vt;thW gphpf;fg;gLfpwJ>
cyfj;jpYs;s bkhHpfspd; gpwg;g[/ bjhlh;g[/ mikg;g[/ cwt[ Mfpatw;wpd; mog;gilapy;
bkhHpf;FLk;gk; gphpf;fg;gLfpwJ.
2. jpuhtpl bkhHpfs; bghJthd mor;brhy; bgw;wpUg;gij tpsf;F.
brhw;fspd; ,d;wpaikahg; gFjp mor;brhy; my;yJ nth;r;brhy; vdg;gLk;. jpuhtpl
bkhHpfs; bghJthd mor;brhy; bgw;Ws;sd.
jpuhtpl
jkpH; kiyahsk; bjY=;F/ FlF FUf; gh;$p njhlh
bkhHpfs;
mor;brhy; fz; fz;Q fd;D Bfd; bfz; bfhz;
3. bjd;jpuhtpl bkhHpfs; ahit>
jkpH;/ kiyahsk;/ fd;dlk;/ FlF/ JS/ nfhj;jh/ njhlh/ bfhufh/ ,Ush Mfpait bjd;
jpuhtpl bkhHpfs;.
TLjy; tpdhf;fs;
rpWtpdh
1. jkpHpd; jdpj;jd;ikfs; ahit>
z bjhd;ika[k; ,yf;fz ,yf;fpa tsKk; cilaJ jkpH;bkhHp.
z ,y=;if/ knyrpah/ gh;kh/ rp=;fg;g{h;/ ,e;njhnd&pah nghd;w gy ehLfspy; ngrg;gLk;
bgUika[ilaJ jkpH;bkhHp.
z jdf;bfdj; jdpj;j ,yf;fz tsj;ijg; bgw;Wj; jdpj;jpa=;Fk; bkhHp.
z jpuhtpl bkhHpfspy; gpwbkhHpj; jhf;fk; Fiwe;J fhzg;gLk; bkhHp jkpH;.
z jpuhtpl bkhHpfs; rpytw;wpd; jha;bkhHpahfj; jpfH;fpwJ jkpH;.
z xnu bghUisf; Fwpf;fg; gy brhw;fs; mike;j brhy;tsKk; brhy;yhl;rpa[k; epuk;gg;
bgw;w bkhHp jkpH;.
z ,e;jpahtpd; bjhd;ikahd fy;btl;Lfspy; bgUk;ghyhdit jkpHpnyna
mike;Js;sd.
z gpw jpuhtpl bkhHpfistpl xg;gpay; Ma;t[f;Fg; bgUe;Jiz bra;tJ jkpH;.
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fw;git fw;wgpd; gf;fk;: 7
1. c=;fs; bgaUf;fhd tpsf;fk; bjhpa[kh> c=;fs; bgaUk; ez;gh; bgaUk; jdpj;jkpHpy;

mike;Js;sjh> fz;lwpf.
md;gurd; ? md;g[f;F murd;
g[fHpdpad; ? g[fGf;F ,dpad;
mUs;bry;tp ? mUs; epiw bry;tp
k=;ifah;f;furp ? k=;ifah;fspy; murp
mUs;tstd; ? mUSil tstd;
2. gad;ghl;oy; vt;thbwy;yhk; jkpH; bkhHpapd; nth;r;brhw;fs; totkhw;wk; bgWfpd;wd
vd;gJ Fwpj;Jf; fye;JiuahLf.
z jkpH; bkhHpapy; xU brhy; tpistjw;F ntuhf ,Ug;gJ nth;r;brhy; vdg;gLk;.
z xU brhy;/ njhd;Wtjw;F moahf ,Ug;gJ mor;brhy; vdg;gLk;.
z xU brhy;ypd; Kjyhf miktJ Kjy; epiy vdg;gLk;. mjid ,yf;fz E}yhh;
gFjp vd;W TWth;.
v.fh:
bra; ? bra;jhs;/ bra;fpwhs;/ bra;ths;/ bra;J/ bra;j/ bra;tPh/; bra;fpnwhk;.
th ? te;jhd;/ tUfpwhd;/ tUthd;/ te;J/ te;j/ tUfpnwhk;/ tUnthk;.
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Þò™
å¡Á jkpnHhtpak; <nuhL jkpHd;gd;
Mrphpah; Fwpg;g[
jpU. jkpHd;gd; vd;wiHf;fg; bgw;w brfjPrd; <nuhLkhtl;lj;ijr;
nrh;e;jth;. g[Jf;ftpij rpWfij Kjyhd gy tot=;fspYk; jkJ
gilg;g[fis btspapl;Ls;shh;. i\f;T/ brd;hpa[/ ypkiuf;T vdg;
gd;dhl;L ftpij tot=;fisj; jkpHf;F mwpKfk; bra;jth;. ,tuJ
`tzf;fk; ts;St~ vd;Dk; ftpij E}Yf;F 2004 Mz;Lf;fhd
rhfpj;jpa mfhbjkp tpUJ tH=;fg;gl;lJ. jkpHd;gd; ftpijfs; vd;Dk;
bjhFg;gpw;F jkpHf murpd; ghpR fpilj;jJ. ,tuJ ftpijfs; ,e;jp/ cUJ/
jpU. jkpHd;gd; kiyahsk;/ M=;fpyk; cs;spl;l bkhHpfspy; bkhHp bgah;f;fg; gl;Ls;sd.
bjspt[iu :
jkpH;/ fhyk; njhd;Wk; Kd; gpwe;jJ. ve;jf; fhyKk; epiyaha; ,Ug;gJk; jkpnH- mfKk;
g[wKk; mike;j ,yf;fpa=;fSk; mtw;iw tpsf;fpr; brhy;Yk; ,yf;fz E}y;fSk;
vk;bkhHpf;Fk; epfhpy;yhf; fhg;gpa=;fSk; mike;jpUf;fpd;wd. mij epidj;J be+;rk;
kfpH;r;rpapy; Ch;tyk; elj;jl;Lk;.
,yf;fpa fhyg;gFjpapy; Vd; ,t;tpUz;l fhyk; vdf;nfl;L ePjpia Ve;jpa jPgkha; ghl;Lf;fs;
,lk; bgWk;. ,d;Dk; khdpl nkd;ikiar; rhjpj;Jf; fhl;lj; jpUf;Fws; kl;Lnk nghJk;.
mijg; goj;J mjw;Fj;jf epw;f ntz;Lk;.
jkpH; ,yf;fpa tuyhw;wpy; jkpH;r; rka=;fis tsh;j;J te;jJ. rka=;fSk; jkpiH tsh;f;fj;
jtwpajpy;iy. jha[k; nra[k; nghy jkpGk; rkaKk; ,Ue;jd.
rpj;jh; tHpj;njhd;wpath;fs; gFj;jwpt[ xspia epyj;jpy; gha;r;rpdh;.
tpuiy klf;fpf; bfhz;ltd; vHpy; tPizapy; ,ir njhd;wtpy;iy vdr; brhy;tJ nghy;
Fiwfisf; fise;J tpl;Lg; g[Jf;nfhyk; jGtl;Lk; jkpH;. ehSk; tsh;g;nghk; ew;wkpiH.
mU+;brhw;bghUs; :
mfkha; ? mf ,yf;fpa=;fs;
(ew;wpiz/ FWe;bjhif/ I=;FE}W/ mfehD}W/ fypj;bjhif)
g[wkha; ? g[w ,yf;fpak; (gjpw;Wg;gj;J/ g[wehD}W)
mfkha; g[wkha; ? ghpghly;
,Ul;L ? mwpahik
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rpj;jh; ? +hd rpj;jp bgw;wth;

epfhpyh ? <L ,izapy;yh
Xjp ? fw;W
,yf;fzf; Fwpg;g[ : gf;fk;: 9
vj;jid vj;jid ? mLf;Fj; bjhlh;
Ve;jp ? tpidbar;rk;
epfhpyhf; fhg;gpak; ? <Wbfl;l vjph;kiwg; bgabur;rk;
tpl;L tpl;L ? mLf;Fj; bjhlh;
fhyKk; ? Kw;Wk;ik
gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk;
1. tsh;j;jJ ? tsh; + j; + j; + m + J 2. tsh;g;gha; ? tsh; + g; + g; + Ma;

tsh; ? gFjp/ tsh; ? gFjp
j;; ? re;jp/ g; ? re;jp/
j; ? ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy/ g; ? vjph;fhy ,ilepiy/
m ? rhhpia/ Ma; ? Kd;dpiy xUik
J ? xd;wd;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp. tpidKw;W tpFjp
3. gha;e;jd ? gha; + j;(e;) + j; + md; + m 4. g[ide;J ? g[id + j;(e;) + j; + c

gha; ? gFjp g[id ? gFjp/
j;(e;) ? MdJ tpfhuk; j;(e;) ? MdJ tpfhuk;
j; ? ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy j; ? ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy
md; ? rhhpia c ? tpidbar;r tpFjp
m ? bgabur;rtpFjp
ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjhpf
1. fhyk; gpwf;Fk; Kd; gpwe;jJ jkpnH-
fhyKk; epiyaha; ,Ug;gJk; jkpnH- ........
,t;tofspy; gapd;W tUk; ea=;fs;
m) Kuz;/ vJif/ ,ul;ilj; bjhil. M) ,iag[/ msbgil/ bre;bjhil..
,) vJif/ nkhid/ ,iag[. <) nkhid/ Kuz;/ me;jhjp.
tpil: ,) vJif/ nkhid/ ,iag[.
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FWtpdh
1. jkpnHhtpak; ftpijapy; Ek;ik kpft[k; <h;j;j mofs; Fwpj;J vGJf.
``khdpl nkd;ikiar; rhjpj;jplf; Fws;
kl;Lnk nghJnk Xjp el~~
khdplj;jpd; nkd;ikiar; rhjid bra;a Fws; kl;Lnk nghJk; mijg; goj;J elf;f
ntz;Lk;.
2. ``mfkha; g[wkha; ,yf;fpa=;fs; ? mit
mike;jijr; brhy;Yk; ,yf;fz=;fs;~~
,yf;fpa=;fspd; ghL bghUshf ,t;thpfs; czh;j;Jtd ahit>
gHe;jkpH; ,yf;fpa=;fs;/ mfk; g[wk; vd ,uz;lhfg; gphpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,t;thpfs;/
jkpHh;fspd; ,y;yw thH;itr; brhy;Yk; mf ,yf;fpa=;fisa[k; nghh; thH;itr; brhy;Yk;
g[w ,yf;fpa=;fisa[k; czh;j;Jfpd;wd.
rpWtpdh
1. fhye;njhWk; jkpH;bkhHp jd;id vt;thW g[Jg;gpj;Jf; bfhs;fpwJ>
z jkpH; bkhHp bjhd;ika[k; ,yf;fz ,yf;fpa tsKk; cilaJ.
z jkpH; bkhHp Vida jpuhtpl bkhHpfistpl jdf;bfdj; jdpj;j ,yf;fz tsj;ijg;
bgw;Wj; jdpj;jpa=;Fk; bkhHpahFk;.
z gpw bkhHpj; jhf;fk; jkpHpy; Fiwt[.
z xnu bghUisf; Fwpf;fg; gy brhw;fs; mike;j brhy;tsk; bgw;w bkhHp.
z ,e;jpahtpy; bjhd;ikahd fy;btl;Lfspy; bgUk;ghyhdit jkpHpy; mike;Js;sd.
z vz;zw;w nth;r;brhw;fisf; bfhz;L g[Jg;g[J brhw;fis cUthf;fp mwptpay;/
r@fk;/ gz;ghl;Lj; Jiwfspy; jd;id g[Jg;gpj;Jf; bfhs;fpwJ jkpH;.
2. g[Jf;nfhyk; g[ide;J jkpH; tsh;g;gha; ? c=;fs; g=;fpidf; Fwpg;gpLf.
Kd;Diu :
jkpH;bkhHp/ ,yf;fz ,yf;fpa tsk; bgw;W brHpj;njh=;fp ,Uf;fpwJ. jkpHhdJ
bjhy;fhg;gpak;/ gj;Jg;ghl;L/ vl;Lj;bjhif/ jpUf;Fws; Kjypa mwpt[f;fUt{yk;
epiwe;Js;s bjhd;ik rhd;w bkhHpahFk;. jkpH;bkhHpapd; rPh; ,sikj; jpwk; tpae;J nghw;w
ntz;Lk;. r=;f fhyk; Kjy; ,f;fhyk; tiu jkpH; g[Jf;nfhyk; bgw;Wg; g[Jg;bghypt[ld;
jpfH;fpwJ. mjd; tsh;r;rpf;fhd g=;fpid ,f;fl;Liuapy; fhz;nghk;.
mwptpay; jkpH; :
jkpH;/ jdpj;J ,a=;Fk; Mw;wy; bgw;w bkhHpahf ,Ue;J gpw JiwfnshL
,ize;J thGk; bkhHpahff; fUjg;gLfpwJ. ``jkpHd; mwptpay; Kd;ndho~~ vd;W
bfhz;ly; R.kfhnjtd; epiy ehl;Lfpwhh;. e. Rg;g[bul;oahh;/ $p.Mh; jhnkhjud;/ vGj;jhsh;
R$hjh nghd;nwhh; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fth;fs;. vjph;tUk; fhy=;fspy; vd;g=;fspg;ig ,ijtplr;
rpwg;ghfr; bra;ntd;.
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Clfj;Jiw :
ek; ehl;oy; ghuhSkd;wk;/ eph;thfj;Jiw/ ePjpj;JiwnahL gj;jphpifj;Jiwa[k;
tsh;e;J te;jpUf;fpwJ. ,jHpay; jkpHwp+h;fs; ghujpahh;/ jpU.tp.f/ rp.gh.Mjpj;jdhh; tHp
vd; g=;ifa[k; mspg;ngd;. thbdhyp/ bjhiyf;fhl;rp/ ,iza tiyj; bjhiyngrp
Mfpatw;wpw;fhd ,izaj; jkpH; mfuhjp fz;Lgpog;g[f;F Kaw;rp bra;ntd;.
fzpg;bghwp :
,d;W tsh;e;J epw;Fk; JiwfSs; xd;W fzpdpj;Jiw. Mdhy; ,jpy; ,d;W
tiu M=;fpynk Ml;rpbra;J tUfpwJ. kpd;dQ m+;ry;/ gy;nehf;F Clfk;/ kf;fis
Ml;rp bra;fpwJ. tsh;e;J te;Js;s capnuhl;l (Animation) tiugl=;fs;/ xspf;fhl;rpg;
gl=;fs; (Vidio Pictures)/ tiufiy (Graphies)/ vGj;J (Text)/ xyp (Sound) Mfpatw;iw
vLj;Jr; brhy;y jkpH;r; brhw;fisg; g[Jg;bghypt[ld; cUthf;Fntd;.
epiwt[iu :
``gpwehl;L ey;ywp+h; rhj;jpu=;fs;" jkpH; bkhHpapy; ,aw;wy; ntz;Lk;;~~ vDk;
ghujpahhpd; vz;z=;fSf;Fg; g[Jik totk; jUntd;.
TLjy; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjhpf
1. jkpiH Ml;rp bkhHpahff; bfhz;l ehLfs; ............
m) ,y=;if/ rp=;fg;g{h; M) mbkhpf;fh/ fdlh
,) gpuhd;R/ ,=;fpyhe;J <) ehh;nt/ RtPld;
tpil: m) ,y=;if/ rp=;fg;g{h;
2. àhkwpe;j bkhHpfspny jkpH;bkhHp nghy; ,dpjhtJ v=;Fk; fhnzhk;~ vd;W ghoath; ............
m) ghujpjhrd; M) ehkf;fy; ftp+h; ,) ftpkzp <) ghujpahh;
tpil: <) ghujpahh;
3. `brd;hpa[~ vd;gJ jkpHpyf;fpaj;jpd; ............ totk;
m) fij M) rpWfij ,) ftpij <) ciueil
tpil: ,) ftpij
epug;g[f
4. èpfhpyhf; fhg;gpa g{td=;fs; cd; be+;rk; elj;jl;Lk; Ch;ty=;fs;~ vd;wth; ............
tpil: <nuhL jkpHd;gd;
5. 2004 k; Mz;L rhfpj;a mfhlkp tpUJ bgw;w jkpHd;gd; E}y; ............
tpil : tzf;fk; ts;St
6. g[Jf;ftpij/ rpWfij vd gy gilg;g[fis btspapl;lth; ............
tpil : jkpHd;gd;
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7. g[Jg;g[J tot=;fspy; ftpij E}y; ,aw;wpath; ............ tpil : jkpHd;gd;

8. `,dpika[k; ePh;ika[k; jkpbHdy; MFk;~ vd;W TWk; E}y; tpil : gp=;fy epfz;L
9. cyfj; jha;bkhHp ehs; ............ tpil : gpg;uthp 21
10. `xU g{tpd; kyh;r;rp/ xU FHe;ijapd; g[d;dif g[hpe;J bfhs;s mfuhjp njit ,y;iy~
vd;wth; ............ tpil : jkpHd;gd;
1 gpwbkhHp fyg;gpd;wpj; jdpj;jkpHpy; ,uz;L kzpj;Jspfs; tFg;giwapy; ngRf. gpwbkhHpf;

fyg;gpd;wpj; jdpj;jkpHpy; ngRjy;:
mitnahh; midtUf;Fk; tzf;fk;-
vd; ciuiaf; nfl;f MtYld; mkh;e;jpUf;Fk; v=;fs; jkpH; Iah- mth;fns- vd;
cld; gapYk; md;ghh;ej ; rnfhju/ rnfhjhpfns c=;fs; Kd; jdpj;jkpHpy; ciuahLtjpy;
bgUkfpH;bta;Jfpnwd;.
ehd; ciuahw;w vLj;Jf;bfhz;l jiyg;ng/ ``jdpj;jkpH;~~ vd;gJjhd;.
ehk;/ ek; md;whl thH;tpy; jkpH;bkhHpiar; rpwpJ rpwpjhf kwe;J bfhz;oUf;fpnwhk;.
gpwbkhHpr;brhw;fisj; jkpH;bkhHp nghynt gad;gLj;jpf; bfhz;oUf;fpnwhk;.
cz;gJ/ gs;spf;F tUtJ/ filf;Fr; bry;tJ vd midj;J epiyfspYk; ek;ik
mwpahkny gpwbkhHpf;F moikahfpf; bfhz;oUf;fpnwhk;. ``bky;yj; jkpH; ,dp rhFk;~~
vd;W ftp+h; tUe;jpaJ nghynt vdf;Fk; tUj;jkhf ,Uf;fpwJ.
md;g[ ez;gh;fns- midj;Jj; Jiw rhh;ej ; brhw;fs;/ fiyr;brhw;fs; kl;Lk; my;y
midj;Jj; jut[fSk; ek; mKjj; jkpHpy; tyk;te;J bfhz;oUf;fpwJ.
fzpdpiag; gad;gLj;Jk; ehk;...... vg;goj; jkpiHg; gad;gLj;JtJ vd ja=;fhjPh.;
midj;J fzpdp rhh;ej ; M=;fpy thh;ji; jf;Fk; brayp/ tpuyp/ Rl;o/ cytp...... vd jkpHpy;
brhw;fs; cz;L.
vdnt/ jdpj;jkpH; gad;gLj;Jnthk;- ek; fd;dpj;jkpiH tsh;g;nghk;--
2. ftpijiaj; bjhlh;f.
md;id brhd;d bkhHp v=;Fk; epiwe;j bkhHp
Mjpapy; gpwe;j bkhHp VWeil gapd;w bkhHp
,izaj;jpy; ,a=;Fk; bkhHp xw;Wik tsh;f;Fk; bkhHp
<oyhj; bjhd;ik bkhHp X=;fp tsh;e;j bkhHp
cyfk; nghw;Wk; bkhHp
Ch;To tpaf;Fk; bkhHp
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Þò™
å¡Á jkpH;tpL J}J
J}J 96 tif rpw;wpyf;fpa=;fSs; xd;W. jiytd; xUtidf; fz;L/ fhjy; bfhz;l
jiytp xUj;jp/ jd; fhjiya[k/; gphpthw;whikiaa[k/; btspg;gLj;j jiytdplj;Jj;J}J
mDg;g[tjhf ghlg;gLtnj `J}J~ ,yf;fpak; MFk;.
J}jpd; ,yf;fzk;:
`gapwU=; fypbtz; ghtpdhny
cah;jpizg; bghUisa[k; mBwpizg; bghUisa[k;
re;jpapd; tpLj;jy; Ke;JW J}bjdg;
ghl;oaw; g[yth; ehl;odh; bjspe;nj~
vd;fpwJ ,yf;fz tpsf;fk;.
md;dk;/ kapy;/ fpsp/ Fapy;/ tz;L/ be+;rk;/ Kfpy;/ bjd;wy;/ jkpH;/ khd; Mfpa
gj;jpDs; ahjhDk; xd;iwj; J}jhf mDg;gt [ h;. `thapy; ,yf;fpak;~/ `re;J ,yf;fpak;~ vd;Dk;
ntW bgah;fSk; ,jw;F cz;L. J}J ,yf;fpak; `fypbtz;gh~thy; ghlg;gLk;.
E}y; Fwpg;g[ :
jkpH;tpL J}J vd;Dk; ,e;E}y;/ kJiuapy; nfhapy; bfhz;oUf;Fk; brhf;fehjiug;
ghl;Lilj; jiytuha;f; bfhz;l E}y;. brhf;fehjh; kPJ ikay; bfhz;l bgz; xUj;jp jkpiHj;
J}JtpLtjhf ghlg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;E}y; 268 fz;zpfis cilaJ. ,e;E}iy 1930 y;
jkpH;j;jhj;jh c.nt.rh mth;fs; Kjd; Kjypy; gjpg;gpj;jhh;. Mrphpah; ahh; vdj; bjhpatpy;iy.
,uz;ouz;L mofs; bfhz;L vJifahy; bjhLf;fg;gLtJ fz;zp MFk;.
bjspt[iu :
jkpH;/ bjspe;j mKjha; mkpH;jpDk; nkyhd tPLngw;iwj; jUk; fdpahf ,Uf;fpwJ.
,ay;/ ,ir/ ehlfk; vd Kj;jkpHha;r; rpwe;J tps=;Fk; vd; jkpnH- cd;dplk; kfpH;e;J nfl;Fk;
ntz;Lnfhs; xd;Ws;sJ/ eP mijf; nfl;ghahf.
jkpnH- cd;dplkpUe;J gs;S/ Fwt+;rp vDk; E}y;fisg; ghog; g[yth;fs;
rpwg;gile;jdh;. ePa[k; mtw;iw vy;yhk; gof;ff; bfhLg;gha; mjdhy;/ jhHpir/ Jiw/
tpUj;jk; vd;Dk; @tpdg; ghtpd=;fspYk; cwt[ cz;nlh>
ghtpd; jpwk; bghUe;jp epd;W/ vd;Wnk rpe;jhkzpaha; ,Uf;Fk; cd;id “rpe;J”
vd;wiHg;gJ cd; bgUikf;Fj; jFnkh> xUntis mt;thW Twptpl;lhy; èh~ ,w;W
tpGk;. thdj;jpy; trpf;Fk; njth;fs; Tl rj;Jtk;/ ,uhrrk;/ jhkrk; Mfpa Kf;Fz=;fisg;
bgw;wpUf;fpwhh;fs;. ePnah gj;Jf;Fw;w=;fs; ,y;yhky; gj;Jf; Fz=;fisg; bgw;Ws;sha;.
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kdpjdpd; if tz;z=;fs; Ie;jpw;F nky; ,y;iy ePnah/ g[yth;fs; fz;lile;j Fwpy;/

mfty;/ J=;fpir tz;zk; Kjyhf ,il bky;ypir tz;zk; <whf E}W tz;z=;fisf;
bfhz;oUf;fpwha;.
ehtpy; njhd;Wk; Ritfs; MWf;F nky; ,y;iy. ePnah/ brtpfSf;F tpUe;jspf;Fk;
xd;gJ Ritfisg; bgw;Ws;sha;. jkpiH mwpahjth;f;F mHF xd;nw xd;W. ePnah
vz;tif tdg;g[fisg; bgw;Ws;sha;.
brhw;bghUs; :
Fwk;/ gs;S ? 96 tif rpw;wpyf;fpa=;fSs; ,uz;L
@d;wpdk; ? ghtiffspd; gphpt[fs; jhHpir/ Jiw/ tpUj;jk;
rpe;jhkzp ? 1. rPtfrpe;jhkzp/ 2. rpjwhj kzp
rpe;J ? xUtif ,irg;ghly;. ahg;g[ tiffSs; xd;W fhtor;rpe;J/ @d;W
rPhf
; spy; tUk; bre;jkpH; ehbld;Dk; nghjpdpny ? ,d;gj; njd;
te;J gha[J fhjpdpny ? ghujpahh; `rpe;Jf;Fj; je;ij~ vd;gijj;
bjhpf.
Kf;Fzk; ? @d;W Fzk; rj;Jtk; (mikjp/ nkd;ik) ,uhrrk; (jPtpukhd
bray;/ nghh;) jhkrk; (nrhk;gy;/ jhH;ik)
tz;z=;fs; Ie;J ? bts;is/ rptg;g[/ fWg;g[/ k+;rs;/ gr;ir
tz;zk; E}W ? Fwpy;/ mfty;/ J}=;fpir Kjyhd ,il bky;ypir tz;zk; <whf
E}W
Cdurk; ? Fiwa[ila Rit.
eturk; ? tPuk;/ mr;rk;/ ,Hpg;g[/ tpag;g[/ fhkk;/ mtyk;/ nfhgk; eif/ rkepiy
tdg;g[ ? mHF (mk;ik/ bjhd;ik/ njhy;/ tpUe;J ,iag[/ g[yd;/ ,iHg[)
vd vl;lhFk;.
,yf;fzf; Fwpg;g[ :
Kj;jpf;fdp ? cUtfk;
bjs;sKJ ? gz;g[j;bjhif
Fw;wkpyh ? <Wbfl;l vjph; kiwg;bgabur;rk;
brtpfs; czthd ? ehd;fhk; ntw;Wikj;bjhif
bjs;sKJ ? gz;g[j;bjhif
eh ? xbuGj;J xUbkhHp
rpe;jh kzp/ mHpah tdg;g/[ xHpah ? <Wbfl;l vjph;kiwg; bgabur;rk;
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gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk; :
1. bfhs;thh; ? bfhs; + t; + Mh; 2. czh;e;j ? czh; + j;(e;) + j; + m
bfhs; ? gFjp/ czh; ? gFjp
t;; ? vjph;fhy ,ilepiy/ j;(e;) ? re;jp è;~ MdJ tpfhuk;/
Mh; ? gyh;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp j; ? ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy/
m ? bgabur;r tpFjp
3. brhy;ypa ? brhy; + ,(d;) + a; + m 5. cilaha; ? cil + a; + Ma;

brhy; ? gFjp/ cil ? gFjp
,d; ? ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy a; ? cld;gL bka; re;jp/
a; ? clk;gL bka; re;jp/ Ma; ? Kd;dpiy xUik
m ? bgabur;r tpFjp tpidKw;W tpFjp
4. bgw;wha; ? bgW(bgw;W) + Ma;

bgW ? gFjp (bgw;W) vd xw;W ,ul;oj;J ,we;j fhyk; fhl;oaJ
Ma; ? Kd;dpiy xUik tpidKw;W tpFjp.
ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjhpf
1. jkpH;tpL J}J _________ vd;Dk; ,yf;fpaj;ijr; rhh;e;jJ.
m) bjhlh;epiyr; bra;a[s; M) g[Jf;ftpij
,) rpw;wpyf;fpak; <) jdpg;ghly; tpil: ,) rpw;wpyf;fpak;
2. tpLgl;l ,lj;jpw;Fg; bghUj;jkhd tpil thpiriaf; Fwpg;gpLf.
i) _____ ,dk; ii) tz;zk; _____
iii) _____ Fzk; iv) tdg;g[ _____
m) @d;W/ E}W/ gj;J/ vl;L M) vl;L/ E}W/ gj;J/ @d;W
,) gj;J/ E}W/ vl;L/ @d;W <) E}W/ gj;J/ vl;L/ @d;W
tpil: m) @d;W/ E}W/ gj;J/ vl;L
3. mHpah tdg;g[/ xHpah tdg;g[ rpe;jh kzp ? mof;nfhol;l brhw;fSf;fhd ,yf;fzf;
Fwpg;g[
m) ntw;Wikj;bjhif M) <Wbfl;l vjph;kiwg; bgabur;rk;
,) gz;g[j;bjhif <) tpidj;bjhif
tpil : M) <Wbfl;l vjph;kiwg; bgabur;rk;
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FWtpdh
1. fz;zp vd;gjd; tpsf;fk; ahJ>
,uz;ouz;L g{f;fis itj;Jj; bjhLf;fg;gLk; khiyiag; nghy bra;a[spy;
,uz;ouz;L mofs; bfhz;l vJifahy; bjhLf;fg;gLk; bra;a[Sf;F fz;zp vd;W
bgah;;.
beLtpdh
1. `J}J mDg;gj; jkpnH rpwe;jJ~ - jkpH;tpL J}J fhl;Lk; fhuz=;fis tpsf;fp vGJf.
Kd;Diu :
bjhz;Q}w;W MW rpw;wpyf;fpa tiffSs; xd;W J}J MFk;. thapy; ,yf;fpak;/
re;J ,yf;fpak; vd;Wk; ,jid miHg;gh;. jiyth; jiytpah;fSs; fhjy; bfhz;l xUth;
kw;bwhUth; ghy; md;g[ fhl;Lth;. mjw;F milahskhf khiy th=;fp tUkhW md;dk;
Kjy; tz;L <whfg; gj;ija[k; J}J tpLtjhfg; ghLtJ MFk;. ,J fypbtz;ghthy;
ghlg;gLtjhFk;. jkpH;tpL J}J/ kJiuapy; nfhapy; bfhz;oUf;Fk; brhf;fehjh; kPJ fhjy;
bfhz;l bgz;/ jd; fhjiyf; TwptUkhW jkpiHj; J}J tpLtjhfg; ghlg;gLtjhFk;.
fypbtz;ghthy; ghlg;gLk;. ,e;E}y; 268 fz;zpfisf; bfhz;lJ.
tpz;zg;gk; cz;L tpsk;gf; nfs; :
bjspe;j mKjkha; me;j mkpH;jpDk; tPLngw;iwj; jUk; fdpna- ,ay;/ ,ir/
ehlfk; vd Kj;jkpHha; rpwe;J tps=;Fk; jkpnH- mwpthy; cz;zg;gLk; njnd- cd;dplk;
kfpH;e;J tpLf;Fk; tpz;zg;gk; xd;Ws;sJ mijf; nfl;ghahf.
@tifg; ghtpd=;fspYk; cwt[ cz;nlh>
jkpnH/ cd;dplkpUe;J Fwt+;rp/ gs;S vd;w E}y;fisg; ghog; g[yth;fs;
rpwg;g[g; bgw;wdh;. ePa[k; gof;ff; bfhLg;gha;. mjdhy; jhHpir/ Jiw/ tpUj;jk; vd;Dk;
ghtpd=;fspYk; cwt[ cz;nlh>
`rpe;J~ vd;wiHg;gJ jFnkh>
jkpH;g;ghtif midj;Jk; bghUe;jp epd;W vd;Wnk rpe;jhkzpaha; ,Uf;Fk;
cd;id/ rpe;J vd;wiHg;gJ cd; bgUikf;Fj; jFnkh> mt;thW Twpa eh ,w;W tpGk;.
gj;Jf; Fz=;fs; bghUe;jpa jkpnH-
thdj;jpy;; trpf;Fk; Kw;Wk; czh;e;j njth;fs; Tl rj;Jtk; (mikjp) ,uhrrk;
(jPtpukhd Fzk;) jhkrk; (nrhk;gy;) @d;W Fz=;fs; bgw;Ws;shh;fs;. Mdhy; ePnah
gj;Jf; Fw;w=;fs; ,y;yhky; brwpt[/ bjspt[/ rkepiy/ ,d;gk;/ xGfpir/ cjhuk;/ ca;j;jypy;
bghUz;ik/ fhe;jk;/ typ/ rkhjp vDk; gj;Jf; Fz=;fisg; bgw;Ws;sha;.
E}W tz;z=;fs; bfhz;l tz;lkpnH:
kdpjh;fshy; cz;lhf;fg;gl;l tz;z=;fs; btz;ik/ brk;ik/ fUik/
bghd;ik (bghd; epwk;) gRik vd Ie;nj. ePnah/ g[yth;fs; bjspe;j Fwpy;/ mfty;/
J}=;fpir/ tz;zk; Kjyhf ,il bky;ypir tz;zk; <whf E}W tz;z=;fisf;
bfhz;Ls;sha;.
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vl;lHF bgw;w fl;lHFj; jkpnH :

ehtpdhy; mwpa[k; Ritfs; MW. ePnah/ mr;rk;/ bgUkpjk;/ btFsp/ ctif/
rkdpiy bgw;Ws;sha;. jkpiH mwpahjth;fSf;F mHF xd;nw xd;W vd;wpy;yhky; mjpfk;
cz;nlh> ePnah eP=f
; hj mk;ik Kjypa mHF vl;oidg; bgw;Ws;sha;.
TLjy; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjhpf
1. kJiu brhf;fehjh; kPJ fhjy; bfhz;l bgz; xUj;jp ghLtjhf mike;j E}y; ............
m) jkpH;tpL J}J M) jkpnHhtpak;
,) jpUf;Fw;why Fwt+;rp <) Kf;Tlw;gs;S tpil : m) jkpH;tpL J}J
2. jkpHpd; tz;z=;fs; ............
m) 20 M) 96 ,) 18 <) 100
tpil : <) 100
3. jkpH;tpL J}J E}iyg; gjpg;gpj;jth; ............
m) bgU+;nruy; ,Uk;bghiw M) c.nt.rhkpehjh;
,) moahh;f;F ey;yhh; <) MWKfehtyh; tpil : M) c.nt.rhkpehjh;
m) rj;Jtk; M) g[yk; ,) ,uhrrk; <) jhkrk;
tpil : M) g[yk;
5. jkpH;tpL J}J E}ypd; Mrphpah; ............
m) gygl;lilr; brhf;fehjh; M) vd;dapdhg; g[yth;
,) rj;jpKj;jg; g[yth; <) vtUkpy;iy tpil : <) vtUkpy;iy
epug;g[f
6. ,uz;ouz;L g{f;fis itj;Jj; bjhLf;fg;gLk; khiy ............
tpil : fz;zp
7. rpe;J vd;gJ xUtif ............ tpil : ,irg;ghly;
8. rpe;jhkzp vd;gjd; bghUs; ............ tpil : rPtfrpe;jhkzp/ rpjwhjkzp
9. brtpf;F tpUe;jspf;Fk; Ritfs; ............ tpil : xd;gJ
10. ghtpd=;fs; ............ tpil : @d;W
11. jhHpir/ Jiw/ tpUj;jk; vd;git ............ tpil : ghtpd=;fs;
12. thapy; ,yf;fpak;/ re;J ,yf;fpak; vd;Dk; bgah;fshy; miHf;fg;gLtJ ............
tpil : J}J ,yf;fpak;
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13. J}J ,yf;fpak; ghlg;gLk; ghtif ............ tpil : fyp btz;gh

14. jkpH;tpL J}J E}ypd; ghl;Lilj; jiytd; ............ tpil : kJiu brhf;fehjh;
15. jkpH;tpL J}J E}iy Kjd;Kjypy; gjpg;gpj;jth; ............ tpil : c.nt.rh
16. jkpH;tpL J}J E}iyg; gjpg;gpj;j Mz;L ............ tpil : 1930
17. jkpH;tpL J}J E}ypy; cs;s fz;zpfs; .......... tpil : 268
18. tdg;gpd; tiffs; .......... tpil : vl;L
19. brwpt[/ rkdpiy gj;Jk; .......... tpil : Fz mzpfs;
20. `jhkrk;~ vd;gJ .......... tpil : nrhk;gy;/ jhH;ik
21. Kw;Wk; czh;e;j njth;fs; bgw;Ws;s Fzk; .......... tpil : @d;W
FWtpdh
1. vitbay;yhk; J}jhf mDg;gg;gLk;>
md;dk;/ kapy;/ fpsp/ Fapy;/ tz;L/ be+;rk;/ Kfpy;/ bjd;wy;/ jkpH;/ khd; Mfpa gj;Jk;
J}jhf mDg;gg;gLk;.
2. tdg;g[ vj;jid tifg;gLk;> mit ahit>
tdg;g[ vl;L tifg;gLk;.
mit mk;ik mHF/ bjhd;ik/ njhy;/ tpUe;J/ ,iag[/ g[yd;/ ,iHg[ MFk;.
3. Fw;wkpyh gj;Jf; Fz=;fs; ahit>
gj;Jf; Fz=;fshtd: brwpt[/ bjspt[/ rkepiy/ ,d;gk;/ xGfpir/ cjhuk;/ bghUz;ik/
fhe;jk;/ typ/ rkhjp vd;git.
1. ekJ vz;z=;fisa[k; fUj;Jfisa[k; vspjhf vLj;Jiuf;f cjt[tJ jkpH; bkhHp vd;w

jiyg;gpy; xU gf;f mstpy; ciu xd;W vGJf.
`èz;Q kpsitg; gUtj;jp nyKjy;
ehit airj;j bkhHp ? v=;fs;
fz;izj; jpwe;Jy fj;ij tpsf;fpf;
fUj;njh oirj;j bkhHp~~
vd;W tuj e+;ira gps;is jkpHpd; bgUikia vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpwhh;.
“,dpika[k; ePh;ika[k; jkpH; vdy;”MFk; vd;gJ g[fH;bkhHpahFk;. “ahkwpe;j
bkhHpfspny jkpH; bkhHpnghy; ,dpjhtJ v=;Fk; fhnzhk;” vd;W ghujpahh; ghodhh;.
jkpH; ek; vz;z=;fisa[k; fUj;Jfisa[k; vspjpy; vLj;Jiuf;fj; jf;fjhFk;.
jkpH; bkhHpapYs;s brhw;fl;likg;g[k; thf;fpaf; fl;Lf; nfhg;g[k; vspikahft[k;
jpwkhft[k; mike;Js;sd. ,yf;fzf; fl;Lg;ghL bkhHpf;F ntyp nghd;wJ MFk;.
brhw;fs; ,yf;fpaj;jpw;F vd;Wk; ,yf;fzj;jpw;F vd;Wk; jdpj;jdpna mike;Js;sd.
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,yf;fpaj;jpw;F ,aw;brhy;/ jphpbrhy;/ jpirr;brhy;/ tlbrhy; vd ehd;F brhw;fisa[k;

gad;gLj;Jfpnwhk;. ,yf;fzj;jpw;Fg; bgah;r;brhy;/ tpidr;brhy;/ ,ilr;brhy;/
chpr;brhy; vd;Dk; jdpaikg;g[g; gad;ghl;Lf;FhpaJ.
jkpH; bkhHpapd; ,dpika[k; vspika[k; rkak; gug;g jkpHfj;Jf;F te;j nkdhl;Lf;
fpwpj;Jt rkar; rhd;nwhh;fisf; fth;e;jJ. mth;fs; vz;z=;fisa[k; fUj;Jfisa[k;
,dpa vspa jkpHpy; vLj;Jiuf;fr; bra;jJ.
,e;jpa tpLjiyg; nghuhl;lj;jpy; jkpH; njrpaj;ij tsh;j;jJ. njrpak; jkpiH
vLj;Jf; bfhz;lJ. fUj;Jfisa[k; vz;z=;fisa[k; vLj;Jr; brhy;y Koe;jJ.
mwptpay; El;g=;fis vLj;Jr; brhy;y g[Jg;g[Jr; brhw;fisg; gilj;J mspj;jjdhy;
brhy;tsk; bgUfpaJ. jkpH; fzpdpg; gad;ghl;ow;F te;jt[ld; fzpdpj; jkpH; vd;w
Jiw KfpH;j;jJ.
ekJ vz;z=;fSf;F totk; bfhLf;f bkhHp gad;gl;lJ. mk;bkhHp tHpna
fUj;Jfisg; gpwUf;Fg; gfph;e;J bfhs;s KofpwJ.
2. goj;Jj; jpul;Lf.
``fhbjhspUk; Fz;lyKk; iff;F tisahgjpa[k; fUiz khh;gpd;
kPbjhsph; rpe;jhkzpa[k; bky;ypilapy; nkfiya[k; rpyk;ghh; ,d;gg;
nghbjhspUk; jpUtoa[k; bghd;Ko Nshkzpa[k; bghypar; No
ePjpbahsph; br=;nfhyha;j; jpUf;Fwisj; jh=;FjkpH; ePLthH;f~~
? ftpnahfp Rj;jhde;j ghujpahh;.
,g;ghly; fhl;Lk; ,yf;fpa=;fspd; bgah;fis thpirg;gLj;Jf.
,g;ghly; fhl;Lk; ,yf;fpa=;fs;
Fz;lyKk; ? Fz;lynfrp
iff;F tisahgjp ? tisahgjp
rpe;jhkzp ? rPtf rpe;jhkzp
bghd;Ko Nshkzp ? Nshkzp
br=;nfhyha;j; jpUf;Fws; ? jpUf;Fws;
E}y; Fws; /fhg;gpak; rkak; Mrphpah;

Fz;lynfrp Ik;bgU=;fhg;gpak; bgsj;jk; ehjFj;jdhh;
tisahgjp Ik;bgU=;fhg;gpak; rkzk; bgah; bjhpe;jpyJ
rPtf rpe;jhkzp Ik;bgU=;fhg;gpak; rkzk; jpUj;jf;f njth;
Nshkzp I+;rpW fhg;gpak; rkzk; njhyhbkhHpj; njth;
jpUf;Fws; Fws; cyfg;bghJkiw jpUts;Sth;
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tphpthdk;
Þò™
å¡Á tsUk; bry;tk;
ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjhpf
1. FGtpy; tpLgl;l thpiriaj; njh;e;bjLf;f.
FG 1 FG 2 FG 3 FG 4
ehtha; kuk; Jiw jd;tpid
????? ????? ????? ?????
njhzp ku tpUj;jk; fhuztpid
m) t=;fk;/ khD/ jhHpir/ gpwtpid M) jhHpir/ khD/ gpwtpid/ t=;fk;
,) gpwtpid/ jhHpir/ khD/ t=;fk; <) khD/ gpwtpid/ t=;fk;/ jhHpir
tpil: m) t=;fk;/ khD/ jhHpir/ gpwtpid
FWtpdh
1. fzpdp rhh;e;J eP=;fs; mwpe;j vitnaDk; Ie;J jkpH;r; brhw;fis jUf.
i) Moniter ? jpiu ii) Mouse ? efh;j;jp (my;yJ) Rl;o
iii) Keyboard ? tpirg;gyif iv) CD ? FWe;jl;L
v) Download ? gjptpwf;fk; vi) File ? nfhg;g[
vii) E-Mail ? kpd;d+;ry;
rpWtpdh
1. r=;f ,yf;fpaj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; flw;fyDf;Fhpa brhy; fpnuf;f bkhHpapy; vt;thW khw;wk;
bgw;Ws;sJ>
r=;f ,yf;fpaj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; flw;fyDf;Fhpa brhw;fs; fpnuf;f bkhHpapYk; khw;wk;
bgw;Ws;sd.
jkpH; vwpjpiu fyd; ePh; ehtha; njhzp
fpnuf;fk; vWjpuhd; fya[nfha; ePhpnah!; /ePhpa eha[ njhzP!;
2. tsUk; bry;tk; ? ciuahlypy; Fwpg;gplg;gLk; gpwbkhHpr; brhw;fisj; bjhFj;J mjw;F
,izahd jkpH;r; brhw;fisg; gl;oaypLf.
gpwbkhHpr; brhw;fs;; rhg;ln
; th; nyg;lhg; g;busrh; irgh;!;ng!; rh;th;
bkd; itaf tphpt[
jkpH;r; brhw;fs; kof;fzpdp cytp ,izabtsp
bghUs; tiy
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TLjy; tpdhf;fs;
FWtpdh
1. flw;fyd;fSf;F tH=;Fk; ntW bgah;fs; ahit>
ehtha;/ t=;fk;/ njhzp/ fyk;.
rpWtpdh
1. jkpHpy; fzpdp bjhlh;ghd brhw;fisg; gl;oaypLf.
z rhg;l;nth; ? bkd;bghUs;  fh;rh; ? Vtp my;yJ Rl;o
z f;uhg; ? brJf;fp  nghy;lh; ? ciw
jkpH; vz;fs; mwpnthk;.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
f c U v m f0/ω
jkpH; vz;fspy; vGJf.
gd;dpuz;L – fc gjpd;@d;W – f
ehw;gj;J @d;W – r vGgj;bjl;L – vm
bjhz;Q}W – 0
1. eP=;fs; ehs;njhWk; tFg;giwapy; kpFjpahfg; gad;gLj;Jk; brhw;fisg; gl;oaypl;L/

mtw;wpy; ,lk; bgw;Ws;s gpwbkhHpr; brhw;fSf;F epfuhd jkpH;; brhw;fis mwpe;J vGJf.
brhw;gl;;oay; gpwbkhHpr; brhw;fs; epfuhd jkpH;r; brhw;fs;
tFg;g[/ g[j;jfk;/ gpshf; nghh;L/ gpshf; nghh;L (Blackboard) fUk;gyif
ngdh/ bgd;rpy;/ nehl;L.
tFg;g[ fpsh!;qk; (Classroom) tFg;giw
g[j;jfk; g[f; (Book) ghlE}y;
ngdh bgd; (Pen) J}ty;
bgd;rpy; g;bgd;rpy; (Pencil) fhpf;nfhy;
nehl;L nehl; (Note) Fwpg;ngL
ug;gh; vnu!h; (Eraser) bkd;kk;
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2. ciuahliy epiwt[ bra;f. mtw;Ws; ,lk;bgWk; gpwbkhHpr; brhw;fisj; jkpHhf;fk;

bra;f.
mUz; : \nyh- ez;gh-
esd; : tzf;fk; ez;gh..
mUz; : cd;idg; ghh;jJ
; g; gj;jhz;Lfs; Mfptpl;ld. ,y;iyah>
esd; : Mkhk;- gj;J Mz;Lfs; Mfptpl;ld eP vd;d bra;fpwha;. ,g;nghJ ehd;
gd;dhl;L epWtdk; xd;wpy; nkyhsuhf gzp g[hpfpnwd;/ eP.....
mUz; : ehd; ee;jdk; muRf; fy;Y}hpapy; nguhrphpauhfg; gzpg[hpfpnwd;.
esd; : me;jf; fy;Y}hpapy; jhd; vd; jk;gp tzpftpay; Kjyhkhz;L gof;fpwhd;.
mUz; : kpf;f ed;wp/ kPzL
; k; re;jpg;nghk;.
esd; : kPz;Lk; ghh;f;fyhk;.

fw;fz;L
Þò™
å¡Á bjhlh; ,yf;fzk;
ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs;
FWtpdh
1. bra;tpidia/ brag;ghl;Ltpidahf khw;Wk; Jiz tpidfs; ,uz;oid rhd;Wld;
vGJf.
bra;tpidia/ brag;ghl;L tpidahf khw;w gad;gLk; Jiz tpidfs; gL/ bgW
MFk;.
2. tPiznahL te;jhs;/ fpspna ngR bjhlh; tifiar; Rl;Lf.
tPiznahL te;jhs; ? bra;jpj; bjhlh;" fpspna ngR ? fl;lisj; bjhlh;
rpWtpdh
1. jd;tpid/ gpwtpid/ fhuztpidfis vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; ntWgLj;jpf; fhl;Lf.
jd;tpid :
tpidapd; gad; vGthiar; nrUkhapd; mJ jd;tpid vdg;gLk;.
v.fh: ge;J cUz;lJ.
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gpwtpid :
tpidapd; gad; vGthia ,y;yhky; milahf tUtJ gpwtpid vdg;gLk;.
v.fh. ge;ij cUl;odhd;
fhuztpid :
vGtha; jhnd tpidia epfH;j;jhky; tpid epfH;tjw;Ff; fhuzkhf ,Ug;gJ
fhuztpid
v.fh. ge;ij cUl;l itj;jhd;.
jd;tpid gpwtpid fhuztpid
el elj;J elj;jr; bra;jhh;
ml=;F jpUe;jpdhd; mlf;F jpUj;jpdhd; mlf;fr; bra;jhh; jpUe;jr; bra;jhd;
Modhd; Ml;odhd; Ml;Ltpj;jhd; ' Ml itj;jhd;
khWthh; khw;Wthh; khw;Wtpj;jhh; ' khwr;bra;jhh;
bra;jhd; bra;tpj;jhd; bra;a itj;jhd;
th tUtpj;jhh; tuitj;jhh;
fhz; fhl;L fhl;Ltp
ML Ml;L Ml;Ltp
TLjy; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjhpf
1. èhd; te;njd;~ ,jpy; tUk; gadpiy ............
m) bgah;g; gadpiy M) tpidg; gadpiy
,) chpg; gadpiy <) tpdh gadpiy tpil: M) tpidg; gadpiy
2. `brhd;dts; fyh~ ,jpy; tUk; gadpiy ............
m) tpidg; gadpiy M) tpdhg; gadpiy
,) ,ilg; gadpiy <) bgah;g; gadpiy tpil: <) bgah;g; gadpiy
3. `mtd; jpUe;jpdhd;~ vt;tifj; bjhlh;>
m) brtpidj; bjhlh; M) tpdhj;bjhlh;
,) jd;tpidj; bjhlh; <) gpwtpidj; bjhlh;
tpil: ,) jd;tpidj; bjhlh;
4. xU brhw;bwhlhpy; mika[k; tpidr;brhy; ............ MFk;. tpil: gadpiy
5. vGtha; xU tpidiar; bra;a mog;gilaha;j; njh;e;bjLf;fg;gl;l bghUns ............
MFk;. tpil: brag;gLbghUs;
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gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk;
z gjk; (brhy;) ,U tifg;gLk;. mit gFgjk;/ gfhg;gjk; MFk;.
z gphpf;ff;ToaJk;/ gphpj;jhy; bghUs; jUtJkhd brhy; gFgjk; vdg;gLk;.
z ,J bgah;g; gFgjk;/ tpidg; gFgjk; vd ,uz;L tifg;gLk;.
gFgj cWg;g[fs; MW tifg;gLk;.
gFjp brhy;ypd; Kjypy; epw;Fk;;" gfhg;gjkhf mika[k;" tpidr;brhy;ypy;
(Kjdpiy) Vtyhft[k;/ bgah;r;brhy;ypy; mWtifg; bgauhft[k; mika[k;.
tpFjp brhy;ypd; ,Wjpapy; epd;W jpiz/ ghy;/ vz;/ ,lk; fhl;Ltjhft[k;
(,Wjpepiy) mika[k;.
,ilepiy gFjpf;Fk; tpFjpf;Fk; ,ilapy; epd;W fhyk; fhl;Lk;.
re;jp gFjpiaa[k; gpwcWg;g[fisa[k; ,izf;Fk;" bgUk;ghYk; gFjpf;Fk;
,ilepiyf;Fk; ,ilapy; tUk;.
rhhpia gFjp/ tpFjp ,ilepiyfisr; rhh;e;J tUk;" bgUk;ghYk;
,ilepiyf;Fk; tpFjpf;Fk; ,ilapy; tUk;.
tpfhuk; jdp cWg;g[ md;W" nkw;fz;l gFgj cWg;g[fspy; Vw;gLk; khw;wk;.
gFjp
Cud; ? Ch; ghh;j;jhd; ? ghh; koj;jhh; ? ko
eofd; ? eo tiue;jhd; ? tiu kfpH;e;jhd; ? kfpH;
tpFjp
goj;jhd; Md; ? Mz;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp md;/ Md;
ghLfpwhs; Ms; ? bgz;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp ms;/ Ms;
bgw;whh; Mh; ? gyh;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp mh;/ Mh;
ePe;jpaJ J ? xd;wd;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp J/ W
Xod m ? gytpd;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp m/ M
rphpf;fpnwd; Vd; ? jd;ik xUik tpidKw;W tpFjp vd;/ Vd;
cz;nlhk; Xk; ? jd;ikg; gd;ik tpidKw;W tpFjp mk;/ Mk;/ vk;/ Vk;/ Xk;
bra;jha; Ma; ? Kd;dpiy xUik tpidKw;W tpFjp I/ Ma;/ ,
ghhPh; <h; ? Kd;dpiyg; gd;ik tpidKw;W tpFjp ,h;/ <h;
mHfpa/ ngRk; m/ ck; ? bgabur;r tpFjpfs; m/ ck;
te;J/ njo c/ , ? tpidbar;r tpFjpfs; c/ ,
tsh;f f ? tpa=;nfhs; tpidKw;W tpFjp f/ ,a/ ,ah;
Kisj;jy; jy; ? bjhHpw;bgah; tpFjp jy;/ my;/ I/ if/ rp/
g[...
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,ilepiy
btd;whh; w; ? ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy j;/ l;/ w;/ ,d;
cah;fpwhd; fpW ? epfH;fhy ,ilepiy fpW/ fpd;W/ Mepd;W
g[Fthd;/ bra;njd; t;/ f; ? vjph;fhy ,ilepiy g;/ t;/ f;
gwpf;fhjPh; M ? vjph;kiw ,ilepiy ,y;/ my;/ M
kfpH;r;rp/ mwp+d; r;/ +; ? bgah; ,ilepiyfs; +;/ e;/ t;/ r;/ j;
re;jp
cWj;Jk; j; ? re;jp j;/ g;/ f;
bghUe;jpa a; ? clk;gLbka; re;jp a;/ t;
rhhpia
ele;jdd; md; ? rhhpia md;/ Md;/ ,d;/ my;/ mw;W/ ,w;W/ mj;J/
mk;/ jk;/ ek;/ Ek;/ V/ m/ c/ I/ F/ d;
vGj;Jg;ngW
z gFgj cWg;g[fSs; ml=;fhky; gFjp/ tpFjpf;F eLtpy; fhyj;ij czh;j;jhky; tUk;
bka;baGj;J vGj;Jg;ngW MFk;.
z bgUk;ghYk; `j;~ kl;Lnk tUk;.
z rhhpia tUk; ,lj;jpy; `j;~ te;jhy; mJ vGj;Jg;ngW.
v.fh:
1. te;jdd; ? th(t)+j;(e;)+j;+md;+md; 2. bra;ahnj ? bra;+a;+M+j;+V
th ? gFjp (`t~ MdJ tpfhuk;) bra; ? gFjp
j;(e;) ? re;jp (è;~ MdJ tpfhuk;) a; ? re;jp
j; ? ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy M ? vjph;kiw ,ilepiy
md; ? rhhpia j; ? vGj;Jg;ngW
md; ? Mz;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp V ? Kd;dpiy xUik Vty;
tpidKw;W tpFjp
,d;wpaikahj ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;g[fs;

1. bgabur;rk; :
tpid Kw;Wg; bgwhky; v+;rp epw;Fk; vr;rk; bgah;r; brhy;iyf; bfhz;L KotJ.
bgabur;rk;
(v.fh) goj;j khztd;/ goj;j ............ (m) ele;j (j; + m) m vd;w tpFjpa[ld; Koa[k;.
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2. <Wbfl;l vjph;kiwg; bgabur;rk; :

Xh; vjph;kiwg; bgabur;rj;jpd; filrpapy; `j~ bfl;L tpLtJ <Wbfl;l vjph;kiwg;
bgabur;rk;. ,J `M~ vd;w xira[ld; Koa[k;.
(mizahj tpsf;F) (mizah tpsf;F) mizah .............. (M) (ah = ah + M)
3. tpidbar;rk; :
tpid Kw;Wg; bgwhky; v+;rp epw;Fk; xU vr;rk; tpidr;brhy;yf; bfhz;L KotJ.
tpidbar;rk;. ,J ``c~~ ``,~~ tpFjpfSld; Koa[k;.
goj;J Koj;jhd; goj;J ............. (C) ele;J ................ Twp (j; + c)
4. tpa=;nfhs; tpidKw;W :
thH;j;Jjy;/ itjy;/ ntz;ly; bghUspy; tUtJ. fhyk; fhl;lhJ. ,J f/ ,a/ ,ah; ?
vd;w tpFjpfSld; Koa[k;
(v.fh) bry;f/ thH;f/ thHp/ thHpa/ thHpah;.
5. tpidahyiza[k; bgah; :
xU tpidKw;W tpidiaf; Fwpf;fhky; tpidiar; bra;j fUj;jhitf; Fwpf;Fk;
bgauha; tUtJ tpidahyiza[k; bgah;. vGjpdhd; ? vGjpatd; vd tUk;. mJ md;/
Md;/ mh;/ Mh;/ xh;/ eh; Mfpa XirfSld; Koa[k;
(v.fh) ,He;jtd;/ brd;wdh;/ mDg;g[eh;.
6. brhy;ypir msbgil :
@d;W khj;jpiu mstpy; tpidbar;rg;; bghUspy; tUk; msbgil ,J `,~ vd;W
vGj;Jld; Koa[k;.
(v.fh) XhP,/ ek;bgHP,/ cudir ,.
7. ,d;dpir msbgil :
@d;W khj;jpiu mstpy; @d;W mirr; brhw;fspy; miktJ ,d;dpir msbgil
(v.fh) cz;gJ}k; (cz;/gJ}/ck;) cLg;gJ}ck;.
8. bra;a[spir msbgil :
@d;W khj;jpiu mstpy; ,uz;L mir brhw;fspy; miktJ bra;a[spir msbgil
(v.fh) MmJk;/ fGckzp/ glhmgiw/ bjhHh mh;.
9. mLf;Fj; bjhlh; :
mh;j;jKs;s brhw;fs; gyKiw mLf;fp tUtJ
(v.fh) vz;z vz;z/ gyg;gy/ jP jP jP
10. ,ul;ilf; fpstp :
mh;j;jKs;s brhw;fs; tpidiar; rpwg;gpf;f ,ul;ilahf kl;Lk; miktJ.
(v.fh) klkl/ ryry.
11. xU bghUl; gd;bkhHp :
xnu bghUs; jUk; ,uz;L brhw;fSld; miktJ xU bghUl; gd;bkhHp.
(v.fh) jPaHy;/ eLikak;/ xUwww.tnpscjob.com
jdp.
12. gz;g[j; bjhif :

,ize;j bjhifr; brhy;iy tphpj;jhy; ,ilapy; ik kiwe;jpUg;gJ.
(v.fh) rpw;wpy; (rpWik + ,y;) ige;jkpH; = (gHik + jkpH;)/; br=;nfhy; = (brk;ik + nfhy;).
13. tpidj; bjhif :
,ize;j bjhifr; brhy;iy tphpj;jhy; ,ilapy; fhyk; fhl;Lk; ,ilepiy fpd;w
kiwe;jpUg;gJ.
(v.fh) bjhLfly; (bjhLfpd;w fly;)
14. ctikj; bjhif :
,ize;j bjhifr; brhy;iy tphpj;jhy; ,ilapy; `nghd;w~ my;yJ `nghy~ ctkcUg[
kiwe;jpUg;gJ.
(v.fh) gtstha; (gtsk; nghd;w tha;)
15. ntw;Wikj; bjhif :
,ize;j bjhifr; brhy;iy tphpj;jhy; ,ilapy; ntw;Wik cUg[fspy; (I/ My;/ ,d;/
F/ mJ/ fz;) VnjDk; xd;W kiwe;jpUg;gJ.
(v.fh) Typ ntiy (Typf;F ntiy).
16. ck;ikj; bjhif :
,ize;j bjhifr; brhy;iy tphpj;jhy; ,ilapy; ``ck;~~ kiwe;jpUg;gJ
(v.fh) bro bfhofs; (brofSk;/ bfhofSk; vd;gjpy; ck; kiwe;jJ).
17. vz;Qk;ik :
ck;ikj; bjhifiag; nghy; ck; kiwahky; vz;zpf;if fhz;gjw;fhf btspg;gilahf
,Ug;gJ vz;Qk;ik
(v.fh) fw;g[k; fhjYk; (ck; ? btspg;gil)
18. md;bkhHpj; bjhif :
MFbgah; nghy; xU bjhifr; brhy; ntW my;yhj xd;iwf; Fwpg;gJ md;bkhHpj;
bjhif
(v.fh) bre;jhkiu (gz;g[j; bjhif) bre;jhkiu te;jhs; (md;bkhHpj; bjhif)
19. cUtfk; :
ck;ikj; bjhifia Kd; gpd;dhf khw;WtJ cUtfk;. ,J/ ctikiag; bghUs; nky;
Vw;W ,ilapy; Mfpa vd;w brhy; kiwe;J tUk;.
(v.fh) kjpKfk; (kjp nghd;w Kfk; ? ctikj; bjhif) Kfkjp (Kfkhfpa kjp cUtfk;)
20. jd;ik gd;ik tpidKw;W :
mk; Xk; vd;w tpFjpfSld; KotJ
(v.fh) nghw;WJk;.
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21. bra;a[k; vd;Dk; tha;g;ghl;L tpidKw;W :

bra;a[k; vd;w brhy;iyg; nghd;nw bjhdpg;gJ
(v.fh) gLk;.
22. brapd; vd;Dk; tha;g;ghL tpidKw;W :
brapd; vd;w brhy;iyg; nghd;nw bjhspg;gJ.
(v.fh) bgwpd;.
23. MFbgah; :
xd;wpd; ,aw;bgah; kw;bwhd;Wf;F Mfp tUtJ.
(v.fh) cyF (cyf kf;fisf; Fwpf;Fk;) Ch; rphpj;jJ.
24. bjhHpw;bgah; :
xU bjhHpiyf; Fwpf;Fk; bgah;/ fhyk; fhl;lhJ. ,J jy;/ my;/ if/ ik/ I/ rp/ g[ vd;w
tpFjpfSld; mika[k;.
(v.fh) ghLjy;/ ghly;/ Ml;lk;/ tPw;wpUf;if/ bfhy;yhik/ v+;rhik.
25. Kjy; epiy jphpe;j bjhHpw;bgah; :
xU bjhHpw;bgahpd; tpFjp bfl;L/ Kjy; vGj;Jk; khwp xypg;gJ
(v.fh) bfLjy;.
bfLjy; ® bfL ® nfL
bgWjy; ® bgW ® ngW
26. ,yf;fzg; nghyp :
Xh; ,yf;fz mikg;g[ila brhy;Yf;F nghypahf miktJ
(v.fh) jir (rij)
27. vGj;Jg; nghyp :
xU brhy;ypy; vGj;J khwpdhYk; bghUs; khwhJ. ,J Kjy;/ ,il/ filrpapy; mika[k;.
Kw;wpYk; khWgl;L mika[k;.
(v.fh) eyd; (eyk;) filg;nghyp/ m+;R (Ie;J) Kw;Wg;nghyp
28. chpr; brhy; bjhlh; :
jdpj;J ,a=;Fk; Mw;wy; ,y;yhj/ rhy/ cW/ jt/ edp/ Th;/ fHp/ thd;/ kh/ jl/ it/ kG/
fo nghd;w brhw;fs; ntW xU brhy;Yld; chpik bgw;Wj; bjhlh;e;J tUtJ ,J mjd;
gz;ig tpsf;Fk;.
(v.fh) khehL/ cWgrp/ rhyg; ngrpdhd;.
29. kUcr; brhy; :
fhyg;nghf;fpy; kUtp khwp tUgit
(v.fh) ve;ij (vd; je;ij) ngh; (bgah;)
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30. ,ilf;Fiw tpfhuk; :

xU brhy;ypd; ,ilapy; Xh; vGj;J Fiwe;J khWgl;lhYk; mnj bghUisj; jUtJ
(v.fh) csk; (cs;sk;) fzPh; (fz;zPh;)/
31. ,U bgabuhl;Lg; gz;g[j; bjhif :
,U brhw;fspy; Kjy; brhy; rpwg;g[g; bgauhft[k; mLj;Js;s brhy; bghJg; bgauhft[k;
,Ug;gJ.
(v.fh) jkpH;bkhHp/ ,kakiy.
32. jd;ik xUik tpidKw;W :
vd;/ Vd; vd;w tpFjpfSld; KotJ.
(v.fh) bfhs;ntd;.
33. Kw;bwr;rk; :
xU tpidKw;Wr; brhy; tpidbar;rg; bghUspy; te;J kw;bwhU tpidKw;iwf;
bfhz;L Koa[k;.
(v.fh) goj;jdd; njwpdhd;.
1. bjhlh;fis khw;wp cUthf;Ff.

m) gjtpia tpl;L ePf;fpdhd;. (,j;bjhliug; gpwtpidj; bjhluhf khw;Wf)
gjtpia tpl;L ePf;Ftpj;jhd;.
M) bkhHpapay; mwp+h;fs; jpuhtpl bkhHpfis Ma;t[ bra;jdh;. (,j;bjhliug; gpwtpidj;
bjhluhf khw;Wf)
bkhHpapay; mwp+h;fs; jpuhtpl bkhHpfis Ma;t[ bra;tpj;jdh;;.
,) cz;zg;gLk; jkpH;j;njnd. (,j;bjhliur; bra;tpidj; bjhluhf khw;Wf)
cz;Qk; jkpH;j;njnd.
<) jpuhtpl bkhHpfis @d;W bkhHpf; FLk;g=;fshf gFj;Js;sdh;. (,j;bjhliu
brag;ghl;L tpidj; bjhluhf khw;Wf)
jpuhtpl bkhHpfs; @d;W bkhHpf; FLk;g=;fshfg; gFf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
c) epytd; rpwe;j gs;spapy; goj;jhh;. (,j;bjhliug; gpwtpidj; bjhluhf khw;Wf)
epytd; rpwe;j gs;spapy; gog;gpj;jhd;.
2. brhw;fisj; bjhlh;fshf khw;Wf :
m) bkhHpbgah; (jd;tpid/ gpwtpid bjhlh;fshf khw;Wf)
bkhHp bgah;j;jhs; ? jd;tpid bkhHp bgah;g;gpj;jhs; ? gpwtpid
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M) gjpt[bra; (bra;tpid/ brag;ghl;Ltpidj; bjhlh;fshf khw;Wf)

gjpt[ bra;jhd; ? bra;tpid gjpt[ bra;ag;gl;lJ ? brag;ghl;Ltpid
,) gad;gLj;J (jd;tpid/ gpwtpidj; bjhlh;fshf khw;Wf)
gad;gLj;Jtpj;jhd; ?gpwtpid gad;gLj;jpdhd; ? jd;tpid
<) ,a=;F (bra;tpid/ brag;ghl;L tpid bjhlh;fshf khw;Wf)
,a=;fpdhs; ? bra;tpid ,af;fg;gl;lhs; ? brag;ghl;Ltpid
3. bghUj;jkhd brag;gLbghUs; brhw;fis vGJf.
(jkpHpyf;fpa E}y;fis/ brt;tpyf;fpa=;fisf;/ ek;ik/ thH;tpay; mwpit)
m) jkpH; brt;tpyf;fpa=;fisf; bfhz;Ls;sJ.
M) ehk; jkpHpyf;fpa E}y;fis th=;f ntz;Lk;
,) g[j;jf=;fs; thH;tpay; mwpitf; bfhLf;fpd;wd.
<) ey;y E}y;fs; ek;ik ey;tHpg;gLj;Jfpd;wd.
4. bghUj;jkhd bgauilfis vGJf.
(ey;y/ bghpa/ ,dpa/ bfhoa)
m) vy;nyhUf;Fk; ,dpa tzf;fk;.
M) mtd; ey;y ez;gdhf ,Uf;fpwhd;.
,) bghpa Xtpakhf tiue;J th.
<) bfhoa tpy=;fplk; gHfhnj.
5. bghUj;jkhd tpidailfisj; njh;t[bra;f.
(mHfhf/ bghJthf/ ntfkhf/ bkJthf)
m) Ch;jp bkJthfr; brd;wJ.
M) fhyk; ntfkhf XLfpwJ.
,) r=;f ,yf;fpak; thH;f;ifia mHfhff; fhl;LfpwJ.
<) ,izaj;jsj;jpypUe;J gjptpwf;fk; bra;ag;gl;lij midtUf;Fk; bghJthff; fhl;L.
6. milg;g[f; Fwpf;Fs; nfl;Ls;sthW bjhlh;fis khw;wp vGJf.
m) ek; Kd;ndhh; ,aw;ifnahL ,iae;j thH;t[ elj;jpdh;. (tpdhj;bjhluhf vGJf)
ek; Kd;ndhh; ,aw;ifnahL ,iae;j thH;t[ elj;jpduh> (my;yJ)
,aw;ifnahL ,iae;j thH;t[ elj;jpath; ahh;>
M) ,irapd;wp mikahJ ghly;. (cld;ghl;Lj; bjhluhf mikf;f)
,irnahL mika[k; ghly;
,) eP ,ijr; bra; vdf; Twpndd; my;yth> (fl;lisj; bjhluhf khw;Wf)
eP ,ijr; bra;.
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7. nth;r;brhy;iy itj;Jr; brhw;bwhlh;fis cUthf;Ff.

m) jh (cld;ghl;L tpidj;bjhlh;/ gpwtpidj; bjhlh; Mf;Ff)
je;njd; ? cld;ghl;L tpidj;bjhlh;
jUtpj;njd; ? gpwtpidj; bjhlh;
M) nfs; (tpdhj;bjhlh; Mf;Ff)
nfl;lhah> ? tpdhj; bjhlh;
,) bfhL (bra;jpj; bjhlh;/ fl;lisj; bjhlh; Mf;Ff)
eP mijf; bfhL ? bra;jpj; bjhlh;
eP bfhL ? fl;lisj; bjhlh;
<) ghh; (bra;tpidj; bjhlh;/ brag;ghl;L tpidj; bjhlh;/ gpwtpidj; bjhlh; Mf;Ff)
ghh;j;jhd; ? bra;tpidj; bjhlh;
ghh;f;fg;gl;lhd; ? brag;ghl;L tpidj; bjhlh;
ghh;f;fr; bra;jhd; ? gpwtpidj; bjhlh;
8. rpe;jid tpdh
fPH;f;fhQk; brhw;bwhlh;fs; rhpahditah> tpsf;fk; jUf.
m) mit aht[k; ,Uf;fpd;wd ? jtW (mit ? gd;ik" aht[k; ? xUik)
mit ahita[k; ,Uf;fpd;wd. ? rhp (mit ? gd;ik" ahita[k; ? gd;ik)
mit aht[k; vL=;fs; ? jtW (mit aht[k; vL vd;gnj rhp)
mit ? gd;ik/ aht[k; ? xUik/ vL ? xUik
mit ahita[k; vL=;fs; ? jtW (mit ahita[k; vL vd;gnj rhp)
mit ? gd;i
; k/ ahita[k; ? gd;ik/ vL ? xUik
mit ahtw;iwa[k; vL=;fs; ? rhp (mit ? gd;ik/ ahtw;iwa[k; ? gd;ik)
M) eP=;fs; xU ehspjHpy; gzpg[hpfpwPh;fs;. m=;Fg; g[jpa thu ,jH; xd;W bjhl=;f
tpUf;fpwhh;fs;. mjw;fhf me;ehspjHpy; tpsk;guk; jUtjw;Fg; bghUj;jkhd
brhw;bwhlh;fis totikj;J vGJf.
“bjd;wy;” g[jpa thu ,jH; btspaPL; ? ehspjH; tpsk;guk;
bjd;wy; ? thu ,jH;

jkpHf ,jHpay; tuyhw;wpy; g[Jj; jpUg;gk;
jkpH; ,yf;fpa Kd;ndhofspd;
fl;Liufs;/ ftpijfs;/ ngl;o/ tpisahl;Lr; bra;jpfs;/ tpsk;gu=;fs;.
Kfth;fs; mQft[k;: 94434 19040
brd;id/ kJiu/ nfhit/ jpUr;rp.
gjpg;g[fs;/ gilg;g[fs;/ JQf;Ffs; mDg;g ntz;oa Kfthp:
Mrphpah;/ bjd;wy; thu ,jH;/ 10/ thyh$h ngl;il/ brd;id 1.
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,) brhw;bwhlh; tiffis mwpe;J/ mit vt;thW ngRtjw;Fk; vGJtjw;Fk; gad;gLfpd;wd

vd;gijg; gjpt[ bra;f.
brhw;bwhlh; tiffis rhptu mwpe;jhy; jhy; jhd; gpiHapd;wpg; ngrt[k; kug[ khwhky;
vGJtjw;Fk; gad;gLfpd;wd.
tiffs; gad;ghL
th ? xU brhy; bjhlh; th ? fl;lisj; bjhluhf
te;jhd; ? tpidKw;Wj; bjhlh; te;j ? gs;spf;F te;j khztd;
tur;brhd;dhd; ? tpidbar;rj; bjhlh; te;J ? gs;spf;F te;J brd;w khztd;
thth ? mLf;Fj; bjhlh; tur;brhd;dhd; ? mtd; jhd; tur;brhd;dhd;
te;j khztd; ? bgabur;rj; bjhlh; tUf tUf vd tuntw;whd;
<) te;jpUg;gth;fs; midtUk; ,Uf;ifapy; mkUkhW nfl;Lf;bfhs;sg; gLfpwhh;fs;.

,j;bjhlh; M=;fpyj;jpypUe;J neuoahd jkpH; bkhHpbgah;g;ghf ,Ue;jhYk; bkhHp kuig
,j;bjhlhpy; ngQfpnwhkh>
te;jpUg;gth; midtUk; ,Uf;ifapy; mkUkhW nfl;Lf; bfhs;sg;gLfpwhh;fs;. ,j;bjhlhpy;
``nfl;Lf;bfhs;sg;gLfpwhh;fs;~~ vd;gJ M=;fpyj;jpd; neuo bkhHp bgah;g;g[.
,ijf; nfl;Lf;bfhs;fpnwhk; – vd;w bjhlhpy; vGJtJjhd; rpwe;jJ. ,njnghd;W/
tUifiaj; juKoahJ. MdhYk; miHg;gpjH;fspYk; nkil ehfhpfk; fUjp ``tUif ju
ntz;Lfpnwhk;~~ vd;W vGJfpwhh;fs;/ ngRfpwhh;fs;. ek;bkhHp kuigg; ngztpy;iy.
bkhHp eil Kiwiag; gpd;gw;Wfpnwhk;.
bkhHpia Ms;nthk; gf;fk;: 27

1. goj;Jr; Ritf;f :
tpwFehd;" tz;lkpnH- cd;dUs; tha;j;j
gpwFehd; tPizaha;g; nghndd;" ? rpwFehd;
rpd;djha;f; bfhz;lbjhU rpw;wPry;" bre;jkpnH-
epd;dhy; tpkhdkhndd; ehd;-
jUtha; epHy;jhd; jUtha;" epjk;vd;
tUtha; vdeP tUtha;" ? xUtha;
cztha; csjkpnH- xh;e;njd;" eP ghl;Lf;
fztha; tHptUk; fhw;W- ? ftp+h; thyp
2. bkhHp bgah;f;f :
1. Linguistics ? bkhHpapay; 2. Literature ? ,yf;fpak;
3. Philologist ? bkhHp Ma;twp+h; 4. Polyglot ? gd;bkhHp mwp+h;
5. Phonologist ? xypapay; Ma;twp+h; 6. Phonetics ? xypapay;
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3. milg;g[f;Fs; cs;s brhw;fisg; bghUj;jkhd tpidKw;whf khw;wp/ nfhol;l ,l=;fspy;

vGJf.
1. ,e;jpa bkhHpfspd; @yKk; ntUkhfj; jkpH; jpfH;fpd;wJ. (jpfH;)
2. itnjfp ehis eilbgWk; ftpau=;fpy; fye;J bfhs;ths;. (fye;Jbfhs;)
3. cyfpy; @thapuk; bkhHpfs; ngrg;gLfpd;wd. (ngR)
4. FHe;ijfs; midtUk; Rw;Wyh brd;whh;fs;. (bry;)
5. jtWfisj; jpUj;jpdhd;. (jpUj;J)
4. totk; khw;Wf.
gpd;tUk; gj;jpiag; goj;Jg; ghh;j;J/ mr;bra;jpia c=;fs; gs;sp mwptpg;g[g; gyifapy;
,lk; bgWk; mwptpg;ghf khw;Wf.
kUJ}h; muR nkdpiyg; gs;sp ,Ugj;ije;J Mz;Lfshfr; rpwe;j fy;tpg;gzpia
tH=;fp tUfpwJ. ,g;gs;sp/ rpwe;j ftp+uhfj; jpfGk; ,d;Rit Kjyhd gd;Kfg;
gilg;ghspfis cUthf;fpa bgUik bfhz;lJ. xU nrhw;Wg; gjkha; kUJ}h;g;
gs;sp khztp g{=;FHyp gilj;j `cs;s=;if cyfk;~ vd;w E}ypd; btspaPl;L tpHh 21
$^d; jp=;fs;/ gpw;gfy; 3:00 kzpastpy; eilbgw cs;sJ. mt;tpHhtpy; (fpd;d!;
rhjid gilj;j) Kd;dhs; khzth; ,d;Rit E}iy btspapl;L/ rpwg;g[iu Mw;Wthh;.
kUJ}h;g; gs;sp tpHh mu=;fj;jpy; epfGk; ,e;E}y; btspaPl;L tpHhtpy; fye;Jbfhs;s/
midtiua[k; miHf;fpd;nwhk;.
mwptpg;g[
E}y; btspaPl;L tpHh
,lk; : bts;sp tpHh mu=;fk;/ muR nkdpiyg; gs;sp/ kUJ}h;.
ehs; :jpUts;Sth; Mz;L 2049 Mdpkhjk; 7 Mk; ehs; (21.06.2018)
Kd;dpiy : bgw;nwhh; Mrphpah; fHfj; jiyth;/ jpUkpF. kyutd; mth;fs;
jiyik : gs;spj; jiyik Mrphpah; jpUkpF. K!;jgh/ M.A., M.Ed., mth;fs;/
tuntw;g[iu : ,yf;fpa kd;wr; brayh;
rpwg;g[iu : fpd;d!; rhjid gilj;j Kd;dhs; khzth; ftp+h;. ,d;Rit
E}y; btspaPL : g{=;FHyp gilj;j ``cs;s=;if cyfk;~~
ed;wpa[iu : uh. md;gurd;/ gs;sp khzth; jiyth;.
midtUk; tUf- mKjr; Rit gUf--
5. bjhliug; gHbkhHp bfhz;L epiwt[ bra;f. gf;fk;: 28
1. ,sikapy; fy;tp KJikapy; ,d;gk;
2. rpj;jpuKk; ifg;gHf;fk; bre;jkpGk; ehg;gHf;fk;
3. fy;yhlk; goj;jtnuhL brhy;yhlhnj
4. fw;nwhh;f;Fr; brd;w ,lbky;yhk; rpwg;g[
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6. fojk; vGJf.
c=;fs; ez;gh;/ gpwe;j ehs; ghprhf mDg;gpa vGj;jhsh; v!;. ,uhk fpU[&;zdpd;/ `fhy;
Kisj;j fijfs;~ vd;Dk; E}y; Fwpj;j fUj;Jfisf; fojkhf vGJf.
tpUJefh;/
28.03.2018
md;g[s;s ez;gd; vHpyDf;F/
ghyd; vGjpf; bfhs;tJ. ,=;F ehd;/ vd; FLk;gj;jpdh; midtUk; eyk;/ mJnghy
ePa[k; cd; FLk;gj;jpdh; midtUk; ,iwaUshy; eyKld; ,Ug;gPh;fs;.
cd; gs;spapy; jpUg;gj [ y; njh;t/[ njh;tf
[ Sf;fhd gapw;rp vy;yhk; epiwt[ bgw;Wtpl;ljh>
vHpyd;...... ,e;j fojj;jpd; nehf;fk; vd;d bjhpa[kh> vd; gpwe;jehis fle;j
khjk; 7.2.18 md; W bfhz; l hLk; n ghJ eP vdf; F xU ghpRg; b ghUs; je; j ha;
my; y th> brd; w thuk; +hapw; W f;fpHik Xa;thf ,Ue;jnghJ ghpRg;bghUisg; gphpj;J
tpae;Jnghndd;.
v!;.,uhkfpU&;zd; mth;fs;/ vGjpa ``fhy;Kisj;j fijfs;~~ g[j;jfk;
ghh;j;jt[ld; kpf;f kfpH;r;rpaile;njd;.
,e;E}iy fw;W ehd; mwpe;Jbfhz;l fUj;Jfs;/ cyfk; vg;goj; njhd;wpaJ
vd;w nfs;tpf;F ,f;fijfs; tpag;ghd gjpy;fisj; jUfpd;wd. ,e;jf; fijfisr;
brhd;d kdpjh;fs; Fiffspy; trpj;jhh;fs;. ,Ul;ilf; fz;L gae;Jngha; mijbahU
fijahf;fpdhh;fs;. fijfs; ghiwfs; cUtj;jpDs; xspe;jpUg;gjhf ek;gpdhh;fs;.
gyE}W tUl=;fs; fle;Jtpl;lnghJk; ,e;jf; fijfs; THh=;fw;fisg;nghy
trPfukhfpapUf;fpd;wd.
rpWth;fSf;fhd fijfs;/ cyfbk=;Fk; cs;s Kg;gJ gH=;Foapdh;fs; brhd;d
fijfspypUe;J njh;t[ bra;J ,j;bjhFg;g[ cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
xt;bthU fija[k; xU ePjpia vLj;Jf; TWtjha; mike;Js;sJ. goj;Jg; ngzpg;
ghJfhf;f ntz;oa mhpa bghf;fp&kha; jpfH;fpwJ me;E}y;. ed;wp ez;gh- ed;F go.
rpwg;ghf njh;t[fs; vGj thH;j;Jfs;.
md;g[ld;/
ghyd;.
Kfthp:
m. vHpyd;/ j‚bg kjpaurd;/
1‚3/ Tykhl tPjp/ nfhit.
7. eak; ghuhl;Lf :
tphpfpd;w beLthdpy;/ flw;gug;gpy;
tpz;nzh=;F bgUkiyapy;/ gs;sj; jhf;fpy;
bghHpfpd;w g[dyUtpg; bghHpypy;/ fhl;oy;
g[y;btspapy;/ ey;taypy;/ tpy=;fpy; g[s;spy;
bjhpfpd;w bghUspbyy;yhk; jpfH;e;J be+;rpy;
bjtpl;lhj Ez;ghl;nl/ J}a;ikwww.tnpscjob.com
Cw;nw/
mHF vd;Dk; ngbuhG=;nf/ bka;na/ kf;fs;

mfj;jpYk; eP FoapUf;f ntz;Lntnd- ? k.,by. j=;fg;gh
,yf;fpa eak; ghuhl;Ljy;

Mrphpah; Kd;Diu :
k.,by.j=;fg;gh Xh; ,aw;iff; ftp+h; ghujpahhpd; `Fapy;ghl;L~ nghy
ghoapUf;fpwhh;.ghl;L vd;gJ ,ira[ld; bjhlh;g[ bfhz;lJ. mg;nghJ jhd; ghl;L caph;
bgWfpwJ. mj;jifa caph;g;ig ,g;ghlypy; fhz KofpwJ.
jpuz;l fUj;J :
beLthdk;/ flw;gug;g[/ bgUkiy/ gs;sj;jhf;F/ bghHpfpd;w/ g[dyUtp
mHfpy;/ fhl;oy;/ g[y;btspapy;/ ey; taypy;/ tpy=;fpy;/ gwitfspy; ,d;Dk; bjhpfpd;w
bghUs;fspy;. vy;yhk; gapd;W vk; be+;rpy; bjtpl;lhj Ez;ghl;nl- kf;fs; kdj;jpYk; eP
FoapUf;f ntz;Lk;. J}a;ik Cw;nw/ mHF vd;Dk; bgUik bfhz;l xG=;nf kf;fs;
kdj;jpy; eP FoapUf;f ntz;Lntd;.
vJif eak; :
,g;ghlypy; vJif eak; mHFw mike;J tps=;FfpwJ vdyhk;. monjhWk;/
rPh;njhWk; ,uz;lhk; vGj;J xd;wptuj; bjhLg;gJ vJif eak; MFk;.
rPh; vJif :
bghHpfpd;w bghHpypy;
g[y;btspapy; ey;taypy;
nkhid eak; :
monjhWk;/ rPh;njhWk; Kjy; vGj;J xd;wptuj; bjhLg;gJ nkhid eak; MFk;.
tphpfpd;w ? tpz;nzh=;F
bghHpfpd;w ? g[dyUtp bghHpypy;
bjhpfpd;w ? jpfH;e;J
bjtpl;lhj ? J}a;ik
mHF ? mfj;jpYk;
brhy; eak; :
ftp+h;/ Ez;ghl;L vd;w brhy;ypy; Èl;gkhd ghl;L~ vd;nw Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;.
ghl;Lf;F/ `mHF vd;Dk; ngbuhG=;F~ vd;w mil bfhLj;Jg; ghLfpwhh;.
bghUs; eak; :
tpz;nzh=;F/ g[dyUtpg; bghHpy;/ bjtpl;lhj Ez;ghl;nl vd;W bghUs; eak;
g[yg;glg; ghLfpwhh;.
epiwt[iu :
,aw;ifia tUzpg;gjpy; jiy rpwe;J tps=;Fk; k.,by.j=;fg;ghit `mHfpay;
ftp+h;~ vd;W Twpdhy; mJ kpifahJ.
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8. epfH;r;rp epuy; totikf;f :

c=;fs; gs;sp ,yf;fpa kd;w tpHh rhh;gpy; eilbgwtpUf;Fk; cyfj; jha;bkhHp
ehs; (gpg;uthp 21) tpHhtpw;fhd epfH;r;rp epuy; xd;wpid totikf;f.
jkpH; ,yf;fpa kd;wk;
muR nkdpiyg; gs;sp/ jpUthqh; ? 5
cyfj; jha;bkhHp ehs; tpHh
epfH;r;rp epuy;
ehs; : jpUts;Sth; Mz;L/ n\tpsk;gp tUlk;/ khrp khjk; 9k; njjp (gpg;uthp 21)
jkpH;j;jha; thH;j;J :
tuntw;g[iu : r.g{=;Fd;wd;/ ,yf;fpa kd;wr; brayh;
jiyik : jpU. g. vHpy;Kjy;td;/ jiyik Mrphpah;.
Kd;dpiy : jpU. md;gurd;/ jiyth;/ Kd;dhs; khzth; fHfk;.
rpwg;g[iu : Kidth;. Rg. mz;zhkiy/
jkpH;g; nguhrphpah;/ jpahfuhrh; fy;Y}hp/ kJiu?7.;
ed;wpa[iu : br. g{tpHp/ 9Mk; tFg;g[ khztp.
ehl;Lg;gz;
midtUk; tUf- jkpHKJ gUf--
bkhHpnahL tpisahL gf;fk;: 28
1. me;jhjpr; brhw;fis cUthf;Ff.

mj;jp/ FUtp/ tpUJ/ ,dpg;g[/ thpirahf
v.fh: m) FUtp M) tpUJ ,) ,dpg;g[ <) thpirahf
mj;jp tpah;it Jth;g;g[ g[fH;rr; p fy;tp
jpifg;g[ itfhrp g[DF rpfg;g[ tpUe;J[
g[fH;rr; p rpwg;g[ FUtp[ g[Jik[ JLf;F[
rphpg;g[ g[yik tpag;g[ ike;jh Fu=;F[
g[d;dif ikNq g[Fe;J jhtp Fj;J
ifngrp qghtjp[ Japy;... tpUg;g[ Jjp
rpwg;g[ jp=;fs; ... g[fH;[... jpj;jpg;g.[ ..
g[Jik
ikdh...
2. mfuhjpapy; fhz;f.
eathik ? tpUk;ghik fpsj;jy; ? vGg;gy;/ brhy;Yjy;/ ngRjy;
nfH;g[ ? ed;ik g[hpir ? kjpy;
brk;ky; ? murd;/ mUfd;/ jiykfd;/ gHk;g{/ g[jy;td;/ bgUikapw; rpwe;njhk;/
cs;sepiwt[/ ePh/; jUf;F.
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3. bfhLf;fg;gl;l nth;rb
; rhw;fisg; gad;gLj;jp tpLgl;l fl;l=;fspy; fhyj;jpw;nfw;w
tpidKw;Wfis epiwt[ bra;f.
th
,we;j fhyk; epfH; fhyk; vjph; fhyk;
ehd; te;njd; tUfpd;nwd; tUntd;
eh=;fs; te;njhk; tUfpd;nwhk; tUnthk;
eP te;jha; tUfpwha; tUtha;
eP=;fs; te;jPh;fs; tUfpwPh;fs; tUthh;fs;
mtd; te;jhd; tUfpwhd; tUthd;
mts; te;jhs; tUfpwhs; tUths;
mJ te;jJ tUfpwJ tUk;
mth; te;jhh; tUfpwhh; tUthh;
mth;fs; te;jhh;fs; tUfpwhh;fs; tUthh;fs;
mit te;jit tUfpd;wd tUgit
4. jh/ fhz;/ bgW/ ePe;J/ ghL/ bfhL nghd;w nth;r;brhw;fisg; gad;gLj;jp nkw;fz;l
fl;lj;jpidg; nghd;W fhyj;jpw;nfw;w tpidKw;Wfis mikj;J vGJf.
nth;r;brhy; ,we;j fhyk; epfH; fhyk; vjph; fhyk;
jh je;njd; jUfpnwd; jUntd;
fhz; fz;nld; fhz;fpnwd; fhz;ngd;
bgW bgw;nwd; bgWfpnwd; bgWntd;
ePe;J ePe;jpndd; ePe;Jfpnwd; ePe;Jntd;
ghL ghondd; ghLfpnwd; ghLntd;
bfhL bfhLj;njd; bfhLf;fpnwd; bfhLg;ngd;
5. milg;g[f;Fs; cs;s brhw;fisf; bfhz;L vGtha;/ tpid mo/ tpidf;Fg; bghUj;jkhd

bjhlh; mikf;f. (jplypy;/ nghl;oapy;/ kiHapy;/ ntfkhf/ kz;iz)
v.fh: ehd; jplypy; Xondd;. (jd;tpid)
ehd; jplypy; kpjptz;oia Xl;ondd;. (gpwtpid)
vGtha;'bgah; tpidmo jd; tpid gpwtpid

fhtpah tiu
ftpij eid
,iy mir
kiH nrh;
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fhtpah ? tiu
fhtpah nghl;oapy; tiue;jhs;. (jd;tpid)
fhtpah nghl;oapy; Xtpaj;ij tiutpj;;jhs;. (gpwtpid)
ftpij ? eid
ftpij kiHapy; eide;njd;. (jd;tpid)
,uF ftpij kiHapy; eidtpj;jhd;. (gpwtpid)
,iy ? mir
,iy ntfkhf mire;jJ. (jd;tpid)
fhw;W ,iyia ntfkhf mirtpj;jJ. (gpwtpid)
kiH ? nrh;
kiH kz;iz nrh;e;jJ. (jd;tpid)
kiHePiu kz;zpy; nrh;j;jhd;. (gpwtpid)
fhl;rpiaf; fz;L ftpDw vGJf.
kdpjh;fns/
gj;njhL gjpbdhd;whf thHhjPh;.......
,f;fiuf;F mf;fiu gr;ir bad;W
ntjhe;jk; ngrp @r;R Kl;o thHhjPh;......
rthiy re;jpa[=;fs; Rje;jpuf; fhw;iw Rthrpa[=;fs;
``tha;g;g[fis eGt tplhjPh;~~
bray;jpl;lk;
eP=;fs; thGk; gFjpapy; kf;fs; ngRk; bkhHpfisg; gl;oaypl;L mk;bkhHp ngrg;gLfpd;w
,l=;fis epyg;glj;jpy; tz;zkpl;Lf; fhl;Lf.
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c=;fSila ehl;Fwpg;gpy; ,lk; bgw;w xUthuj;jpw;Fhpa kfpH;r;rpahd bra;jpfisf; bjhFj;J

ml;ltizg;gLj;Jf.
jp=;fs; tUj;jk; bjhptpf;fpnwd;. bghWj;Jf; bfhs;st[k; Mfpa brhw;bwhlh;fis ,d;W
,uz;L Kiw tFg;gpy; gad;gLj;jpndd;. ,jdhy; g[jpa ez;gh; fpilj;jhh;.
brt;tha; eP njh;tpy; btw;wpbgw;wjw;F thH;j;J ? ez;gd; vd;idg; ghuhl;odhd;.
g[jd; tFg;gpy; nfl;ghuw;Wf; fple;j q 500I vLj;J chpathplk; bfhLj;njd; ?

jiyik Mrphpah; ghuhl;odhh;
tpahHd; bjUtpy; fple;j gzg;igiaf; fhty; epiyaj;jpy; xg;gilj;njd; ? chpath;
vd;ida[k; FLk;gj;ija[k; ghuhl;odhh;.
bts;sp tPl;ow;Fj; njitahd bghUs;fis ehdhf Kd;te;J th=;fpf; bfhLj;njd; ?
mk;kh ghuhl;odhh;.
rdp khw;Wj; jpwdhsp rhiyiaf; flf;f cjtpndd; ? bghJkf;fs; ghuhl;odh;.
+hapW E}yfj;jpy; goapy; js;shoa bghpatiu ifg;gpoj;J tHp elj;jpndd; ?

bghpath; ghuhl;odhh;.
fiyr;brhy; mwpnthk;
cUgd; ? Morpheme
xypad; ? Phoneme
xg;gpyf;fzk; ? Comparative Grammar
ngufuhjp ? Lexicon

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ciueil cyfk;
Þò™
Þó‡´ ePhpd;wp mikahJ cyF
ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjhpf
1. ePh; epiyfnshL bjhlh;gpy;yhjJ vJ>
m) mfHp M) MW ,) ,y+;rp <) g[yhp
tpil : <) g[yhp
2. bghUj;jkhd tpiliaj; njh;f.
m) ePhpd;W mikahJ cyF ? jpUts;Sth;
M) ePhpd;W mikahJ ahf;if ? xsitahh;
,) khkiH nghw;WJk; ? ,s=;nfhtofs;
i) m/ ,/ M ii) M/ ,/ m iii) M/ m / , m/ M/ ,
iv)
tpil : iv) m/ M/ ,
FWtpdh
1. “Tty;“ vd;W miHf;fg;gLtJ vJ>
cth;kz; (fsh;kz;) epyj;jpy; njhz;lg;gLk; ePh;epiyf;F Tty; vd;W bgah;.
2. c=;fsJ gs;spiar; Rw;wpa[s;s ePh;epiyfspd; bgah;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
MHpf; fpzW ? flyUnf njhz;of; fl;oa fpzW
,y+;rp ? gytiff;Fk; gad;gLk; ePh;j;njf;fk;
CUzp ? kf;fs; gUF ePh; cs;s ePh;epiy
nfzp ? mfyKk; MHKk; cs;s bgU=;fpzW
g{l;ilf; fpzW ? fkiy ePh;gha;r;Rk; mikg;g[s;s fpzW
3. kzpePUk; kz;Qk; kiya[k; mzpepHw;
fhLk; cilaJ muz;
?,f;Fws; TWk; ehl;od; muz;fs; ahit>
kzpnghy; bjspthd ePUk;/ btl;l btspahd epyKk;/ X=;fp cah;e;j kiya[k; epHy;
jUfpw fhLk; Mfpa ehd;Fk; mike;J ,Ug;gnj xU ehl;od; muz; MFk;.
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rpWtpdh
1. mLj;j jiyKiwf;Fk; jz;zPh; njit ? mjw;F ehk; bra;a ntz;oatw;iw vGJf.
z Ik;g{=;fSs; xd;W ePh;. mJ epyk;/ fhw;W/ beUg;g[ thdk; Mfpa ehd;Fld; bjhlh;g[
bfhz;L ,a=;fty;yJ. ek; Kd;ndhh; fpilj;j ePiu msnthL gad;gLj;jpdh;.
z mjdhy; ehKk;/ ePiu msnthL gad;gLj;jp tUk; jiyKiwf;F ghJfhj;J itf;f
ntz;Lk;.
z `Fsk; bjhl;L tsk; bgUf;fp~ thH;e;jth;fs; jkpHh;. ,d;Wk; ePh;epiyfisg; ghJfhj;Jg;
guhkhpf;f ntz;Lk;.
z kiHePiug; gad;gLj;Jk; Kiw mwpantz;Lk;. ,sk; jiyKiwapdh;f;F ePh;
nkyhz;ik gapw;rp tH=;f ntz;Lk;.
2. nrhHh;fhyf; FkpHpj;J}k;g[ vjw;fhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ>
z FkpHpj;J}k;g[ vd;gJ Vhpapy; cs;s ePiua[k; nriwa[k; btwpnaw;Wtjw;fhfg;
gad;gLj;jg; gl;ld.
z nrhHh;fhyj;jpy; ePh;epuk;gp epw;Fk; Vhpf;Fs; ePe;jp fHpKfj;ij (Vhp ePh;f;fHpt[) mile;J
FkpHpj; J}k;igj; J}f;fp tpLthh;fs;.
z FkpHpj;J}k;gpy; ,uz;L Jisfs; ,Uf;Fk;. nkny ,Uf;Fk; ePnuhoj; JisapypUe;J
ePh; btspnaWk;. fPnH ,Uf;Fk; nrnwhoj; JisapypUe;J ePh; RHd;W nrw;Wld;
btspnaWk;. ,jdhy; J}h; thuj; njitapy;iy.
beLtpdh
1. ePhpd;W mikahJ cyF ? vd;Dk; ts;Sthpd; mo czh;j;Jk; bghUs; MHj;ij vLj;Jf;
fhl;Lld; tpthp.
Kd;Diu :
èPh;,d;W mikahJ cyF vdpd; ahh;ahh;f;Fk;
thd;,d;W mikahJ xGf;F~
xGf;fk; caphpDk; rpwe;jJ. vj;jifa rpwg;g[fis cilath;fSf;Fk; ePh;
,y;iynay; xGf;f=;fs; mikah. vdnt kiHapd;wp xGf;fk; epiy bgwhJ vd;W
jpUts;Sth; Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;. ek;Kd;ndhh;fs; gy;ntW ePh;epiy tot=;fis mikj;J
ePiug; ghJfhj;jdh;. ehKk; ,dptUk; jiyKiwapdh;f;F ePiug; ghJfhj;J itf;f
ntz;Lk;.
kiH cHt[f;F cjt[fpwJ :
kiH cHt[j; bjhHpYf;F cjt[fpwJ. tpijj;J thH ntz;Lk; vd;Dk; nehf;fpy;
tsh;fpd;wd. `` epyKk; kuKk; caph;fSk; nehapd;wp thH ntz;Lk; vd;w g[yth;fSs;
xUtuhd kh=;Fo kUjdhh; Twpaijg; g[hpe;Jbfhs;s ntz;Lk;.
xt;bthU tl;lhuj;jpd; epy mikg;g[/ kz;tsk;/ totikf;fg;gl;oUe;jJ/
,jpy; VhpfSk; Fs=;fSk; ghrdj;jpw;fhd vspa tot=;fshfg; gad;gl;ld.
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czbtdg; gLtJ epyj;bjhL ePnu:

czbtdg;gLtJ epyj;njhL ePnu vd;Dk; r=;fg;ghly;/ ePhpd; ,d;wpaikahj;
njitia vLj;Jiuf;fpwJ.
`kzpePUk; kz;Qk; kiya[k; mzpepHw;
fhLk; cilaJ muz;~
vd;Dk; Fwspy; ehl;od; rpwe;j muz;fSs; ePUf;nf Kjyplk; jUfpwhh;.
cyfr; Rfhjhu epWtdk;/ ``cyfk; tpiutpy; FoePUf;fhd fLk; rpf;fiy
vjph;bfhs;Sk;~~ vd vr;rhpf;fpwJ. FoePiu tpiy bfhLj;J th=;Fk; mtyk; bjhlUk;
epiyia khw;wpaikf;fj; jpl;lkpl ntz;oaJ cldoj; njitahFk;. Mz;LnjhWk;/
bgWfpd;w kiHg;bghHpit Mf;fepiyapy; gad;gLj;Jk; bray; jpl;lj;ij cUthf;f
ntz;Lk;.
gy;Yaph;g; ghJfhg;g[ :
cyfpd; gy;Yaph;g; ghJfhg;gpw;F mog;gil jz;zPh; ekJ Kd;ndhh;fs;
fz;Lzh;e;j thH;tpay; mQFKiwfisg; gpd;gw;w ntz;Lk;. Fsk;/ Vhp/ fhy;tha;/
fpzW nghd;w ePh;epiyfspd; ghJfhg;g[ Fwpj;j tpHpg;g[zh;it kf;fsplk; cUthf;f
ntz;Lk;. ,ij xU kf;fs; ,af;fkhf khw;w ntz;Lk;.
epiwt[iu :
czt[ cw;gj;jpf;F mog;gil ePnu. me;j ePnu czthft[k; ,Uf;fpwJ. ,ij
,uz;lhapuk; Mz;LfSf;F Kd;ng jpUts;Sth;/
``Jg;ghh;f;Fj; Jg;gha Jg;ghf;fpj; Jg;ghh;f;Fj;
Jg;gha J}ck; kiH~~
vd;W Twpa[s;sijf; fUj;jpy; bfhz;L bray;gLnthk;.
TLjy; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjhpf
1. ghz;o kz;lyj;jpy; Vhpia ............ vd;W miHg;gh;.
m) CUzp M) fz;kha; ,) Fsk; <) mfHp
tpil: M) fz;kha;
2. cyfr; Rw;Wr;NHy; jpdk; bfhz;lhlg;gLk; ehs; ............
m) $%d; 5 M) khh;r; 20 ,) mf;nlhgh; 5 <) gpg;uthp 2
tpil: m) $%d; 5
3. èpyKk; kuKk; caph;fs; nehapd;wp thH ntz;Lk; vDk; nehf;fpy; tsh;fpd;wd~ vd;W
Twpath; ............
m) kpisfpHhd; ey;ntl;ldhh; M) fzpnkjhtpahh;
,) kh=;Fo kUjdhh; <) ey;ye;Jtdhh; tpil: ,) kh=;Fo kUjdhh;
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4. `,e;jpa ePh;g;ghrdj;jpd; je;ij~ vd;W nghw;wg;gLgth; ............

m) bgd;dp Fapf; M) tp!;nt!;tua;ah
,) rh;.gf;fps; <) rh;. Mh;jh; fhl;ld; tpil: <) rh;. Mh;jh; fhl;ld;
5. `fpuhz;l; mizf;fl;~ vd;W miHf;fg;gLtJ ............
m) gf;uh e=;fy; M) \puhFl; ,) rh;jhh; rnuhth; <) fy;yiz
tpil: <) fy;yiz
6. bghUe;jhj ,iziaj; njh;e;bjL.
m) Fz;L ? Fspg;gjw;nfw;w rpWFsk;
M) mUtp ? kiyKfl;Lj; njf;f ePh;
,) mfHp ? nfhl;ilg;g[wj;J ePh; muz;
<) Tty; ? kf;fs; gUFePh;epiy tpil: <) Tty; ? kf;fs; gUFePh;epiy
7. jpUkzk; Koe;j gpd; bjhlh; epfH;it ............ vd;gh;.

m) rdp ePuhL M) k+;rs; ePuhl;L
,) flyhLjy; <) g{g;g[dpj ePuhl;L tpil : ,) flyhLjy;

m) Fz;lk; ? Fspf;Fk; ePh;epiy
M) Tty; ? cth;kz; epyj;jpy; njhz;lg;gLk; ePh;epiy
,) CUzp ? kf;fs; gUFk; ePh;epiy
<) fz;kha; ? cth; ePh;epiy tpil: <) fz;kha; ? cth; ePh;epiy
epug;g[f
9. kiH gw;wpa gj;Jf; Fwl;ghf;fs; ml=;fpa mjpfhuk; ............ tpil : thd;rpwg;g[
10. khkiH nghw;WJk; vd;W nghw;wpath; ............ tpil : ,s=;nfhtofs;
11. fy;yizapd; fl;Lkhd cj;jpiaf; bfhz;L fl;lg;gl;l miz tpil : bjsyP!;tuk;
12. ehk; thGk; jkpH;ehL ............ gFjpapy; cs;sJ. tpil : btg;g kz;lyg;
13. rdpePuhL vd;wth; ............ tpil : xsitahh;
14. mfyKk;/ MHKk; cs;s bgU=;fpzW ............ tpil : nfzp
15. njf;fg;gl;l bghpa ePh;epiy ............ tpil : rpiw
16. gytiff;Fk; gad;gLk; ePh;j;njf;fk; .......... vdg;gLk;. tpil : ,y+;rp
17. Ky;iyg; bghpahW miz fl;oath; ............ tpil : $hd; bgd;dpFapf;
18. xU ehl;od; rpwe;j muz;fSs; Kjd;ikahfj; jpfH;tJ ............ tpil : ePh; muz;
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FWtpdh
1. ed;dPh; epiyfs; ahit>
kiHePh;/ Mw;WePh;/ Cw;WePh; @yk; fpilf;Fk; ePh;epiyfs;.
2. eP mwpe;j jkpHfj;jpd; @d;W ePh;epiyg; bgah;fSf;F tpsf;fk; jUf.
z MHpf;fpzW : flyUnf njhz;of; fl;oa fpzW.
z CUzp : kf;fs; gUF ePh; cs;s ePh;epiy.
z ciwf;fpzW : kzw;gh=;fhd ,lj;jpy; njhz;or; RLkz; tisakpl;l fpzW.
3. $hd; bgd;dp Fapf; ? Fwpg;g[ tiuf.
jkpHfj;jpy; kJiu njdp/ jpz;Lf;fy;/ rptf=;if/ ,uhkehjg[uk; Mfpa
khtl;l=;fSf;Ff; FoePUf;Fk;/ tptrhaj;jpw;Fk; gad;gLk; Ky;iyg; bghpahW
miziaf; fl;oath;. M=;fpy murh=;fk; TLjy; epjp xJf;f kWj;j nghJ jdJ
brhj;Jf;fis tpw;W miziaf; fl;oKoj;jhh;.
4. epyj;jo ePh;tsk; Fiwe;J tUk; ehLfs; ahit>
mbkhpf;fh/ ,e;jpah/ ghfp!;jhd;/ rPdh.
5. fy;yiz gw;wpf; Fwpg;g[ jUf.
z gy E}w;whz;LfSf;F Kd; fhpfhy; nrhHd; fhyj;jpy; fl;lg;gl;lJ.
z ePsk; ? 1080 mo/ mfyk; ? 40 Kjy; 60 mo/ cauk; ? 15 Kjy; 18 mo.
z fy;yiz ek; Kd;ndhhpd; jpl;g El;gj;jpw;Fk;/ bjhHpy; El;gj;jpw;Fk; rhd;whfj;
jpfH;fpwJ.
6. `Fspj;jy;~ vd;gjd; bghUs; ahJ>
Nhpa btg;gj;jhYk; cly; ciHg;ghYk; btg;gkile;j cliyf; Fspu itj;jyhFk;.
Fsph;j;jy; vd;gnj Fspj;jy; vd;W MdJ.
rpWtpdh
1. fy;yiziaf; fl;l gad;gLj;jg;gl;l bjhHpy;El;gj;ij tpthp.
z fhtphp Mw;wpd; kPJ bghpa ghiwfisf; bfhz;L te;J nghl;ldh;. me;jg; ghiwfSk;
ePh; mhpg;gpd; fhuzkhff; bfh+;rk; bfh+;rkhf kz;Qf;Fs; brd;wd.
z mtw;wpd;nky; ntbwhU ghiwia itj;J eLnt jz;zPhpy; fiuahj xUtpj
xl;Lk; fspkz;izg; g[jpa ghiwfspy; g{rp/ ,uz;ila[k; xl;of;bfhs;Sk; tpjkhfr;
bra;jdh;.
z ,Jnt/ fy;yiziaf; fl;lg; gad;gLj;jg;gl;l bjhHpy;El;gkhff; fUjg;gLfpwJ.
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1. ePhpd;W mikahJ cyF/ ePhpd;W mikahJ ahf;if ,t;tpuz;L bjhlh;fisa[k;

xg;g[ikg;gLj;jp tFg;gpy; fye;JiuahLf.
ePhpd;W mikahJ cyF ePhpd;W mikahJ ahf;if
,BJ jpUf;Fwspy; ,lk; bgw;Ws;sJ. ,BJ g[wehD}wpy; ,lk; bgw;Ws;sJ.
,BJ jpUts;Sth; Twpa Tw;W. ,BJ Flg[ytpadhh; ghz;oad; beL+;

brHpaDf;Ff; TwpaJ.
kiHna gaph;fT ; l;lKk;/ caph;fT
; l;lKk; cly; czthy; miktJ czt[ ePh; ,d;wp
kfpH;rr; pahf thHg; bgUe;Jiz g[hptjhy; mikahJ ? mjdhy;jhd; `èPhpd;W mikahJ
`èPhpd;W mikahJ cyfk;~~ vd;whh;. ahf;if~~ vd;whh;.
2. tPLfspy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; jz;zPh; v=;fpUe;J fpilf;fpwJ> ,jw;fhd ePh; v=;fpUe;J

tUfpwJ> ,d;Dk; vt;tst[ fhyj;jpw;Fj; jz;zPh; nghJkhdjhf ,Uf;Fk;>
vd;gtw;Wf;fhd jfty;fisj; jpul;o xg;g[ilt[ cUthf;Ff.
z ek; tPLfspy; ehk; gad;gLj;Jk; jz;zPUf;F Mjhukhf ,Ug;gJ epyj;jo ePh;/
mizfspy; njf;fp itf;fg;gl;oUf;Fk; ePh;/ fpzw;WePh; Mfpait MFk;. MH;FHhapy;
tUk; ePhpd; ntfj;ijg; bghWj;J mBJ vt;tst[ ehs; tUk; vd fzf;fplg;gLk;.
z mizfspd; bfhs;ssit mog;gilahff; bfhz;L vt;tst[ fhyk; gad;gLj;jyhk;
vd;W TWth;. mizfspy; btspnaWk; ePh;tuj;J ePiu mog;gilahff; bfhz;Lk;/
thdpiy mwpf;if bjhptpf;Fk; kiHapd; nghf;iff; bfhz;Lk;/ xU khjj;jpw;F
nghJkhdJ..... vj;jid ehl;fSf;F gpur;ridapd;wp ePh; tH=;fyhk; nghd;wit Kot[
bra;ag;gLk;.
z mjd; mog;gilapy; kf;fspd; FoePh;/ gad;gLj;Jk; ePhpd; njit g{h;j;jp bra;ag;gLk;.

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ftpijg; ngiH
Þò™
Þó‡´ gl;lkuk; ftp+h; jkpH; xsp
Mrphpah; Fwpg;g[ gf;fk;: 39
ftp+h; jkpH; xsp bjd;dhw;fhL khtl;lk; Fwp+;rpg;ghoiar;

brhe;j Cuhff; bfhz;lth;. ,aw;bgah; ``tp$au=;fk;~~. ,th; g[Jitapy;
brg;lk;gh; 21/ 1924 y; gpwe;jhh;. 1965 khh;r; 24 tiu thH;e;jhh;.
ghujpahhpd; tHpj;njhd;wyhft[k/; ghujpjhrdpd; khztuhft[k;
,Ue;jth;. jpuhtplh;; fHf khzth; khehl;oy; ``ghujpjhrdpd;
ftpij~~iag; goj;j bgUikf;Fhpath;.
bghJt[ilikf; bfhs;ifapy; <LghL cilath;. 1949y;
``g[Jitj; bjhHpyhspf;F ? nfhitj; bjhHpyhspapd; fojk;~~ vd;Dk; jkpH; xsp
,tuJ ftpij g[fGf;Fhpajha;j; jpfH;e;jJ.
E}y;fs; :
``ftp+dpd; fhjy;/ fz;zg;gd; fpspfs;/ epiy bgw;w rpiy/ nk jpd nuhrh/ nk
jpdnk tUf/ tPuhap/ g[j;jh; gpwe;jhh;/ khjtp fhtpak;.~~
Ma;t[ E}y;fs; :
rpyg;gjpfhuk; fhtpakh ? ehlfkh/ jpUf;FwSk; flt[Sk;/ jkpHh; rKjhak;
nghd;wit MFk;. gl;lkuk; ftpij ``jkpH; xspapd; ftpijfs;~~ E}ypy; ,lk; bgw;Ws;sJ.
ek; Kd;ndhhpd; thH;t/[ ,aw;ifnahL ,iae;jpUe;jJ. ku=;fisa[k/; bro/ bfhofisa[k;

nerpj;jdh;. kuk; kdpj thH;tpw;F ,d;wpaikahjJ vd;gij ekf;Fk; fw;Wj; je;J
brd;wpUf;fpwhh;fs;. ku=;fs; ,y;iybad;why; caph;tsp (@r;Rf;fhw;W) ,y;iy.
gl;Lg;nghd kuk; xd;W ftp+h; xUthpd; cs;sj;jpy; Vw;gLj;jpa jhf;fnk ``gl;lkuk;~~
vd;Dk; ftpijahFk;.
ghlypd; bghUs; :
,iyfs;/ Jsph;fs; vJt[k; ,d;wp twz;l bkhl;ilf; fpisfnshL epd;W. jpdk; jpdk;
jd; epiyia vz;zp bgU@r;R tpl;Lf; bfhz;L Vf;fj;Jld; jpfGk; gl;l kunk/ cd;ida[k;
xUtd; btl;Lk; ehs; tpiutpy; tUk; vd;W vz;zp kdf;FKwy; mile;jhnah>
mkh;tjw;F epHy; je;J/ thrid bghUe;jpa kyh;fis kyur; bra;J/ ,iyfshy; Tiu
tphpj;jpUe;j kunk. btg;gj;jhy; bte;J/ fUfp ,e;j epwk; te;jnj vd;W tUe;Jfpwhnah-
kuk; vd;Dk; bgah; khwp/ fl;il vd;Dk; bgah; cw;W bfhLe;Jah; bfhz;lidnah-
cd; kug;gl;il vd;Dk; cly; btg;gKw;W/ fpHpe;Jtpl Kw;Wk; ,He;j epiy mile;jhnah-
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fhyk; vd;Dk; g[ay; rPwptu/ fy=;Fk; kdpjd; cjtp nfl;L/ Xykpl;L fuk; ePl;o jtpg;gJ
nghy ePa[k; Jd;gj;jpy; cHy;fpwhnah-
ghLk; gwitfs; cd;dpy; To thH;e;J/ cdf;F xU ghly; g[ide;jJk; @L
gdpj;jpiu cdf;F nkhfk; bfhLj;jJk;/ MLk; fpisfspy; rpWth;fs; Vwpepd;W Fjpiu Xl;o
tpisahoaJk; Vl;oy; epd;w bgU=;fijaha; xU fijaha; Koe;jdnt.
mitaht[k; btW=;fdtha; Mdnj vd;W/ gl;l kuk; xd;W jd; epiyia vz;zp
Fiktjhf vGjpa[s;shh; ftp+h; jkpH; xsp mth;fs;.
brhy;Yk;?bghUSk;
tprdk; ? Jd;gk;/ ftiy Fe;j ? cl;fhu
fe;jk; ? thrid ,w;W ? mHpeJ; (,j;Jg; nghr;R bfhr;ir tHf;F)
vHpy; ? mHF kpir ? nky;
Xyk; ? mywy;
,yf;fzf; Fwpg;g[ :
bte;J/ btk;gp/ va;jp ? tpidbar;r=;fs; @Lgdp ? tpidj;bjhiffs;
ML=;fpis ? bgabur;rj; bjhlh; btW=;fdt[ ? gz;g[j;bjhif
1. tphpj;j ? tphp + j; + j; + m 2. Fike;jid ? Fik + j;(e;) + j; + md; + I
tphp ? gFjp Fik ? gFjp
j; ? re;jp j;(e;) ? j; è;~ MdJ tpfhuk;
m ? bgabur;r tpFjp md; ? rhhpia
I ? Kd;dpiy xUik
tpidKw;W tpFjp
3. mile;jid ? mil + j;(e;) + j; + md; + I 4. fUfpid ? fUF + ,d; + I
mil ? gFjp/ fUF ? gFjp/
j;(e;) ? j;~e;~ MdhJ tpfhuk; ,d; ? ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy
j; ? ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy I ? Kd;dpiy xUik
md; ? rhhpia tpidKw;W tpFjp
I ? Kd;dpiy xUik
tpidKw;W tpFjp
5. ,He;jid ? ,H + j;(e;) + j; + md; + I 6. cHd;wid ? cH + y;(d;) + w; + md; + I
,H ? gFjp/ cHy; ? gFjp/
j;(e;) ? j;~e;~ MdhJ tpfhuk; y;;(d;;) ? y; `d;~ MdhJ tpfhuk;
j; ? ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy w; ? ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy
md; ? rhhpia md; ? rhhpia
I ? Kd;dpiy xUik I ? Kd;dpiy xUik
tpidKw;W tpFjp tpidKw;W tpFjp
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7. g[ide;jJ ? g[id + j;(e;) + j; + m + J 8. bfhLj;jJ ? bfhL + j; + j;; + m + J

g[id ? gFjp/ bfhL ? gFjp/
j;(e;) ? j;~e;~ MdhJ tpfhuk; j; ? re;jp
m ? rhhpia m ? rhhpia
J ? xd;wd;ghy; tpidKw;W J ? xd;wd;ghy; tpidKw;W
tpFjp tpFjp
9. tpLj;jJ ? tpL + j; + j; + m + J
tpL ? gFjp/
j; ? re;jp
j; ? ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy
m ? rhhpia
J ? xd;wd;ghy; tpidKw;W
tpFjp
ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjhpf
1. `kpir~ ? vd;gjd; vjph;r;brhy; vd;d>
m) fPnH M) nkny ,) ,ir <) tir
tpil : m) fPnH
rpWtpdh
1. gl;lkuj;jpd; tUj;j=;fs; ahit>
ftp+h; jkpH; xspapd; fUj;Jfs;:
``jpde;njhWk; bkhl;ilf;fpisnahL epd;W bgU@r;R tpLk; kunk-
ek;ik btl;Lk; ehs; xd;WtUk; vd;W Jd;gg;gl;lhnah>
epHypy; mku. thrid jUk; kyh;fisa[k; ,iyfisa[k; Tiuahf tphpj;j kunk-
btk;gpf; fUfpl ,e;j epwk; tu thof; Fike;jdnth>
bfhLe;Jah; cw;W fl;il vd;Dk; bgah; bgw;W bfhLe;Jah; gl;Lf; fUfpidnah>
cd; cilahfpa gl;il ,w;Wg;ngha;f; fpHpe;J cd; mHF KGJk; ,He;jidnah>
rPwptUk; fhyg; g[aypy; vjph;f;ff; fy=;Fk; xU kdpjd;
Xykpl;Lf; fuk; ePl;oaJnghy Jd;gg;gl;L tUe;jp epw;fpwha;~~.
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TLjy; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjhpf
1. `tprdk;~ brhy; jUk; bghUs; ............
m) ntjid M kfpH;r;rp ,) Vf;fk; <) ftiy
tpil: <) ftiy
2. bghUe;jhj ,iziaj; njh;e;bjLf;f.
m) kpir ? nky;
M) fe;jk; ? kzk;
,) btk;gy; ? thly;
<) Fe;j ? tUe;j tpil: Fe;j ? tUe;j
epug;g[f
3. ftp+h; jkpH; xsp thH;e;j fhyk; .............. tpil : 1924 ? 1965
4. `gl;lkuk;~ ftpij ,lk; bgw;w E}y; .............. tpil : jkpH; xspapd; ftpijfs;
5. ghujpahh; tHpj;njhd;wy; ? ghujpjhrdpd; khzth; .............. tpil : ftp+h; jkpH;xsp
FWtpdh
1. ftp+h; jkpH; xspapd; gilg;g[fs; ahit>
epiybgw;w rpiy/ tPuhap ftp+dpd; fhjy;/ nk jpdnk tUf/ fz;zg;gd; fpspfs;/
FUtpg;gl;o/ jkpHh; rKjhak;/ khjtp fhtpak; Kjypad MFk;.

1. tpisepy=;fs; fl;ll=;fshfpd;wd vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; xl;oa[k; btl;oa[k; ngRf.
ViH tptrhap : v=;f mg;gh fhyj;jpypUe;J bey; fUk;g[ nghl;nlhk;. mg;g te;jJ.
,g;g....... btz;il/ g[liy Tl tukhl;nl=;FJ.
mHF : vd;d nghl;L vd;d Mr;R> kiHapy;yhdh vd;d gz;z Koa[k;>
(kid tpwg
; idahsh; )
ViH tptrhap : mHF... gf;fj;jpypUf;fpw tabyy;yhk; gpshl; nghl;Ll;lh=;f.
vdf;F vd;d bra;wJd;nd bjhpay;ny- kiHa[k; ,y;y/ fpzj;Jy
jz;zpapy;ny-
mHF : ehd; brhy;w tHpfF ; tukhl;l=;fpw... tpjJ
; gzj;j ng=;fy; nghl;Ll;L
epkk
; jpah rhg;gplL
; l;L J}=;F.
ViH tptrhap : g{kpj;jha tpf;fr; brhy;w... tpj;jh mg;ghh;l; bkz;l ; fl;w=;fpwP=;f..
vd;d Mfg; nghJd;D vdf;Fj; bjhpay-
mHF : kiHapy;y jz;zpapy tPL fl;o E}W $d=;f bghHf;fl;Lnk-
tay; tug;g tr;rpUe;J vd;d gz;zg; nghwP=;f> tpj;jh kfSf;F
fy;ahzk;" kfidg; gof;f itf;f... vy;yhk; cd; ed;ikf;nf
brhy;nwd; www.tnpscjob.com
.
ViH tptrhap : ghy; jh;w gRkhl;l komWj;Jg; ghy; Fof;fpwjh> tpis epyj;ijg;
g{uh tpiy epykh Mf;fpl;O=;f mHF.
mHF : ,dp tug;nghw ehspy tPLjhd; Kf;fpak;. FoapUf;f ntz;lhkh>
ViH tptrhap : c=;f khjphp MSfshy jhd; bfhR bjhe;jut[ epiwa MfpUr;R.
Fs=;Fl;ilbay;yh gphpr;Rg; nghl;L tpj;jhr;R jtis ,Ue;jh
bfhRtg; gpof;Fk; ,g;g mJf;Fk; tHpapy;y
mHF : xd;Dk; ntzh=;f c=;f g[s;s=;f ,e;jf; Foirapy ,Uf;Fkh>
nfl;Lr; brhy;Y=;f....
ViH tptrhap : cdf;Fg; gzk; Kf;fpak; vdf;Fg; gaph; Kf;fpak;. epyj;jhy;
nrhW nghLwtd; ViHahfpwhd;.; epyj;ijf; TWnghLwtd;
gzf;fhudhfpwhd;.
2. gl;lkuk;/ g[jpjhf Kistpl;l FUj;J Mfpa ,uz;Lk; ngrpf;bfhs;tjha;f; fw;gid ciuahly;
epfH;jJ
; f.
£ M H : ÷£µ÷Ú ! |»©õ? ÷uhõ÷u ! |õß uõß Eß uõzuõ £mh©µ®.
¦V U M H
S Z X : I÷¯õ , }[PÍõ C¨£i BQÂmjºPÒ
£ M H : B©õ® , ÷£µõsi ©ÛuºPÒ ö\¯ØøP Eµ®, ö|QÈø¯¨ £¯ß£kzv
GßøÚ C¨£i BUQÂmhõºPÒ. |®© Á®\÷© £mk¨÷£õ´ Âmhx.
EßøÚ ©mk® uõß Põ¨£õØÓ •i¢ux. } G¨£i÷¯õ ¤øÇzxU öPõÒ!
¦V U M H
S Z X : uõzuõ PÁø»¨£hõwºPÒ. |® Á®\zøuU Põ¨£õØÓ ©ÛuºPÎh®
¦›¯ øÁUQ÷Óß.
£ M H : \›¨£õ, |õß K´öÁkUQß÷Óß.©ÛuºPÐUS |ßS¦›¯øÁ!
¦V U M H
S Z X : C÷uõ, ö\ÀQ÷Óß uõzuõ.
3. gl;lzj;Jg; gwitfSk; Ch;g; gwitfSk; vd;w jiyg;gpy; gwitfs; TWtd nghyr;
rpW rpW ftpijfs; gilf;f.
gl;lzj;Jf; fhf;if fpuhkj;Jf; fpsp
Ciuj; J}a;ik bra;fpd;nwhk; jj;jpg; gwf;Fk; cwt[fns
cwitf; Tl;og; gfph;fpd;nwhk; bfhj;jpj; jpd;d thU=;fs;
fiue;J jhfk; vLf;fpwnj- gGj;Jj; bjh=;Fk; gHf;Tl;lk;
tpiue;J ePiu itg;gPnu- fGj;J tiuf;Fk; cz;gPnu-
gl;lzj;Jr; rpl;Lf; FUtp fpuhkj;Jf; Fapy;
rpl;Lf; FUtpfspd; jpdk; bfhz;lhLk; g{+;nrhiyfSk; kh+;nrhiyfSk;
kdpjh;fns- g{j;Jf;FY=;Fk; ku=;fSk;
v=;fis vg;nghJ nghw;wpf; fhj;Jf; bfhs;tPh;fs;. epuk;gpapUf;Fk; vd epidj;J
jdpikapy; Ttpndd;.
eP=;fs; itj;jpUf;Fk; miyngrpf; nfhg[uk;
vd;id tpl nrhfkhf ,Ue;jJ.....
v=;fs; guk;giuia mHpj;J xHpf;Fk; Mguzk;- me;jf; fpuhkk;-

www.tnpscjob.com
ftpijg; ngiH
Þò™
Þó‡´ bghpag[uhzk; nrf;fpHhh;
Mrphpah; Fwpg;g[ gf;fk;: 43
nrf;fpHhh; jw;nghija fh+;rpg[uk; khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s Fd;wj;J}hpy; gpwe;jth;. ,tuJ

,aw;bgah; mUz;bkhHpj; njth;. nrhH murd; `,uz;lhk; Fnyhj;J=;fd;~ mitapy;
Kjyikr;ruhf ,Ue;jth;. ,tuJ fhyk; fp.gp. 12 k; E}w;whz;L. cj;jkr; nrhH gy;yth;
vd;Dk; gl;lk; bgw;wth;. ,tiuj; bja;tr; nrf;fpHhh; vd;Wk;/ bjhz;lh; rPh; gut[thh; vd;Wk;
nghw;Wth;.
``tug;g[au ePh; caUk;/ ePUau bey; caUk;/ bey; cauf; Fo caUk;~~

,t;thW cah;e;j Foahf/ ePh; ehlhf nrhHehL jpfH;fpwJ mr;nrhHehl;oy; fhtphp
gha;e;njhLk; ghijbay;yhk; g{tphpa[k;/ nfhyj;ij tpthpj;Jiuf;Fk; ,g;gFjp/
ts=;bfG jpUehlhk; nrhH ehl;od; rpwg;ig/ ,aw;if vHpiy eak;gl glur; bra;a[k;
gFjpna ek; ghlg; gFjp.
E}y; Fwpg;g[ :
jdpaoahh; mWgj;J @th; bjhifaoahh; xd;gJ ngh; vd vGgj;J ,uz;L
rptdoahh;fspd; tuyhw;iwf; TWk; E}y;. bgUik bgw;w g[uhzk; vd;Dk; bghUspy;
`bghpag[uhzk;~ vd;Dk; bgah; bgw;wJ.
`Re;juh;~ ,aw;wpa `jpUj;bjhz;lj; bjhif~ moath; bgUikia Xh; moapy; TWfpwJ.
èk;gpahz;lhh; ek;gp~ vGjpa `jpUj;bjhz;lh; jpUte;jhjp~ xt;bthU ghlypYk; moahh;fspd;
rpwg;igf; TWfpwJ. ,t;tpuz;L E}y;fisa[k; mog;gilahff; bfhz;L. nrf;fpHhh;
xt;bthU g[uhzj;jpYk;/ xt;nthh; moahuhf/ mWgj;J @thpd; rpwg;g[fisa[k;/ tpsf;fpg;
ghoanj bghpa g[uhzk; MFk;. `jpUj;bjhz;lh; g[uhzk;~ vd;gnj bgUik fhuzkhf
`bghpag[uhzk;~ vdg; nghw;wg;gLfpwJ.
,e;E}y; te;j tuyhW :
z Re;juh; : jpUj;bjhz;lh; bjhif (11 ghly;) Kjy; E}y;
z ek;gpahz;lhh; : jpUj;bjhz;lh; jpUte;jhjp (tHp E}y;) (89 ghly;fs;)
z nrf;fpHhh; : bghpag[uhzk; (rhh;g[ E}y;)
E}y; mikg;g[ :
,e;E}y; ,uz;L fhz;l=;fisa[k; 13 rUf;f=;fisa[k; 4/286 ghly;fisa[k;
bfhz;Ls;sd.
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E}ypd; rpwg;g[ :
jpy;iy eluhrg; bgUkhd; `cybfyhk;~ vd mobaLj;Jf; bfhLf;f ghlg;bgw;w
E}y;/ kfhtpj;thd; kPdhl;rp Re;judhh;/ `gf;jpr; Rit edp brhl;lr; brhl;lg; ghoa ftp tyt~
vd nrf;fpHhiua[k;/ ,e;E}iya[k; ghuhl;oa[s;shh;.
jpUehl;Lr; rpwg;g[
ghly; 1 ? fhtphpapy; g[J bts;sk;
fhtphpapd; g[J bts;sj;jpy;/ kiyg; gFjpapy; cs;s g[jpa kyh;fs; (g{f;fs;) moj;J
tug;gLfpd;wd. mg;g{f;fspy; njd; epiwe;J ,Ug;gjhy; mjid cz;z tz;Lfs; NH;eJ ;
Muthuk; bra;fpd;wd. ePh; epiyfs; epiwe;j ehl;Lf;F tsj;ijj; jUk; bghUl;Lf; fhtphp ePh;
fhy;tha;fspy; gue;J gha;fpwJ.
brhy;Yk; bghUSk; :
kh ? tz;L kJ ? njd; bghyp ? epiwe;j
g[dy; ? ePh; thtp ? bgha;if fhy; ? fhy;tha;
Mh;gg
; ? Muthuk;
ghly; 2 ? tay; tsk;
fhy;tha;fspy;/ ePh; gue;J gha/ taypy; ehw;W el;ldh;. tsh;e;j ehw;wpd; Kjy; ,iy RUs;
tphpe;jJ. mg;gUtj;ijf; fz;l cHth;. ,Jjhd; fisbaLf;Fk; gUtk; vd;wdh;. mt;thnw
fisfisf; fise;J taiy tpl;Lr; bry;Yk; cHj;jpahpd; fhy;fspy; Fsph;e;j Kj;Jf;fis
<Dk; r=;Ffs; ,lwpd. mjdhy; ,il jsh;e;J/ tz;Lfs; bkha;f;Fk; kyuzpe;j Te;jy;
mira bkd;ikahf ele;J mUfpy; cs;s tug;gpid milth;.
Kj;Jf;fisa[k; <Dk; tsk; bfhz;ljhf tay;tsk; fhzg;gl;lJ.
brhy;Yk; bghUSk; :
tsh; Kjy; ? tsh;e;j (ehw;W gaph;) gzpyk; ? r=;F
kleil ? bkd;dil tz;liya[k; ? tz;Lfs; bkha;f;Fk;
jusk; ? Kj;J tuk;g[ ? tug;g[
filrpah; ? cHj;jpah; FHy; ? Te;jy;
ghly; 3 ? ePh;ehL
fhLfspy; fiHahfpa fUk;g[fs; cs;sd. nrhiyfspy; cs;s brofspy; g[jpa fpisfs;/
g[jpa Jsph;fs;/ g[jpa mUk;g[fs; njhd;wpa[s;sd.
fhpa Ftis kyh;fs; kyh;e;J cs;sd. tay;fs; v=;Fk; r=;Ffs; fplf;fpd;wd.
ePh;epiyfspy;/ fiunahu=;fspy; ,s md;d=;fs; ePeJ; fpd;wd. Fs=;fs; vy;yhk; fliyg; nghy
fhl;rpaspf;fpd;wd. mjdhy; ehL KGtjk; èPh; ehL~ vd;w nghw;wj; jf;fjha; cs;sJ.
,j;jF rpwg;g[fshy; nrhHehL gpwehLfistpl tsKk;/ rpwg;g[k; bgw;wjhapw;W.
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brhy;Yk; bghUSk; :
fiH ? fUk;g[ beU=;Ftis ? beU=;Ffpd;w r=;F
fh ? nrhiy nfhL ? Fsf;fiu
FiH ? fpis xt;th ? <lhfh
mUk;g[ ? bkhl;L Ftis ? Ftis kyh;/ r=;Fg;g{
ghly; 4 ? njhd;wp kiwa[k; thdtpy;
md;d=;fs; tpisahLk; mfykhd Jiwfisf; bfhz;l ePh; epiyfis cilaJ
nrhHehL. me; ePh;epiyfspy; vUikfs; tPH;e;J @H;Fk;. mjdhy; me;ePh; epiyapy; cs;s
this kPd;fs; Js;sp vGk;. Js;sp vGe;j mk;kPd;fs; mUfpy; cs;s ghf;F ku=;fspd; kPJ
gha[k;. kPd; tise;J ePh;j; jptiyfSld; ghf;F kuj;jpy; gha[k; ,f; fhl;rpahdJ.
èpiyahd thdj;jpy; njhd;wp kiwa[k; thdtpy;iyg; nghd;W~ tps=;Ffpd;wJ.
brhy;Yk; bghUSk; :
MLk; ? ePuhLk; fKF ? ghf;F kuk;

nkjp ? vUik thd;kpir ? thdj;jpy;
Jijj;J vGk; ? fyf;fp vGk; kd; ? epiyj;j
fd;dp this ? ,sikahd thiskPd; bgha;if ? ePh;epiy
Jd;Dk; ? @H;Fk;
ghly; 5 ? kiynghy; Ftpe;jit
mWtil bra;ag;gl;l bre;bey;ypd; NLfis (bey; mhpf;fl;Lfs;) mLf;fpg; bghpa
nghuhff; Ftpg;gh; (itf;nfhw; nghh;) ePh; epiyfspy; kpFjpahfg; gpof;fg;gl;l gy tif kPdf
; isa[k;
Fd;iwg; nghy; Ftpj;J itj;jpUg;gh;. tise;j r=;Ffs; <d;w btz; Kj;Jf;fisa[k;
Fd;iwg; nghy; caukha;f; Tl;Lth;. njd; toa[k; kyh;e;j kyh;j; bjhFjpiaa[k; kiynghy;
Ftpj;J itg;gh;.
,t;thW bre;bey;/ kPdf
; s;/ r=;Ffs; <Dk; Kj;Jf;fs;/ kyh;fs; nghd;wit kiybadf;
Ftpej
; d.
brhy;Yk; bghUSk; :
NL ? bey; mhpf;fl;L Rhptis ? r=;F

nthp ? njd; btw;g[ ? Fd;W
gd;kPd; ? gytif kPd;fs; kyh;f;fw;iw ? kyh;j; bjhFjp
bghUg;g[ ? kiy
ghly; 6 ? fUnkfk; RHy;jy;
mhpag;gl;l bre;bey; fw;iwfis Ftpj;J itg;gh;. Ftpj;j bghpa kiy nghd;w nghiu/
nknyapUe;J rha;g;gh;. bghpa tz;ofisr; brYj;Jk; fUikahd vUikf; Tl;l=;fs;/
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tykhffr; Rw;wpr; Rw;wp kpjpf;Fk;. ,f;fhl;rpahdJ/ fhpa nkf=;fs; bghd;kiyr; rhuy;

(cah;e;j kiy) kPJ tykhfr; Rw;Wfpd;w fhl;rp nghy cs;sJ. ,j;jF fhl;rpfs; nrhHehl;oy;
kpFjpahfj; njhd;Wk;.
,g;ghlypy; mike;Js;s ctik.
fUikahd vUik ? nkfk;
bew;fl;Lg; nghh; ? bghd; khiyr;rhuy;
brhy;Yk; bghUSk; :
jltiu ? bghpa kiy Kfpy; ? nkfk;
gfL ? vUikf;flh rhypf;fw;iw ? bew;fw;iw
ghz;oy; ? tl;oy; (tl;lk;) Myp ? kiHePh;
rpkak; ? kiya[r;rp NGk; ? Rw;Wk;
ghly; 7 ? ku=;fSk; kyh;fSk;

nrhH ehl;oy;/ fhtphp gha;e;J XLk; ghijbay;yhk;/ bjd;id/ brUe;jp/
eWkzKila eue;jk; nghd;wit cs;sd. Mr;rh kuk;/ murkuk;/ flk;gkuk;/ gr;rpiy kuk;/
Fsph;ej
; kyiua[ila Fuhkuk; nghd;wit v=;Fk; tsh;e;Js;sd.
bghpa mog;ghfj;ijf; bfhz;l gida[k;/ re;jdk;/ Fsph;e;j jd;ika[ila ehfkuKk;
brHpj;J tsh;e;Js;sd.
ePz;l ,iyfisa[ila/ t+;rp/ fh+;rp kyh;fs; epiwe;j nfh=;F Kjypaita[k;
v=;bf=;Fk; brHpj;J tsh;e;Js;sd.
,t;thW nrhH kz;lyk; KGtJk; rPh;ik bgw;Wf; fhzg;gLfpwJ.
brhy;Yk; bghUSk; :
ehspnfuk; ? bjd;id ,Uk;nghe;J ? gUj;j gidkuk;
eue;jk; ? ehuj;ij re;J ? re;jdkuk;
nfhsp ? murkuk; ehfk; ? ehfkuk;
rhyk; ? Mr;rhkuk; fh+;rp ? Mw;Wg;g{tuR
jkhyk; ? gr;rpiykuk;
,yf;fzf;Fwpg;g[ :
fU=;Ftis/ bre;bey; ? gz;g[j;bjhif epiwkyh; ? tpidj;bjhif
tphpkyh; ? tpidj;bjhif jltiu ? chpr;brhy; bjhlh;
fly; md;d ? ctk cUg[ t+;rp fh+;rp ? ck;ikj;bjhif
bra;thh; ? tpidahyiza[k; bgah; fh ? XbuGj;J xUbkhHp
brhhpe;j Kj;J ? bgabur;rk; jz;kyh; ? gz;g[j;bjhif
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1. gha;td ? gha; + t; + md; + m 2. itg;ghh; ? it + g; + g; + Mh;
gha; ? gFjp it ? gFjp
t; ? vjph;fhy ,ilepiy g; ? re;jp
md; ? rhhpia g; ? vjph;fhy ,ilepiy
m ? gytpdg ; hy; tpidKw;W tpFjp Mh; ? gytpdg ; hy; tpidKw;W tpFjp
3. Jije;J ? Jij + j;(e;) + j; + c 4. bfhz;L ? bfhs;(z;) + l; + c
Jiu ? gFjp bfhs; ? gFjp
j;(e;) ? re;jp è;~ MdJ tpfhuk; s; ? `s;~ MdJ tpfhuk;
j; ? ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy l;; ? ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy
c ? tpidbar;r tpFjp c ? tpidbar;r tpFjp
5. brhhpe;j ? brhhp + j;(e;) + j; + m 6. mirthh; ? mir + t; + Mh;
brhhp ? gFjp mir ? gFjp
j;(e;) ? re;jp è;~ MdJ tpfhuk; t; ? vjph;fhy ,ilepiy
j; ? ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy Mh; ? gyh;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp
m ? bgabur;r tpFjp
7. ,lwp ? ,lW + ,
,lW ? gFjp
, ? tpidbar;r tpFjp
ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs;
FWtpdh
1. epiyahd thdj;jpy; njhd;wp kiwa[k; fhl;rpf;Fg; bghpag[uhzk; vjid xg;gpLfpwJ>
bghpag[uhzj;jpy; mHfhf jpUehl;od; rpwg;g[ tUzpf;fg;gLfpwJ. me;ehl;od;
ePh; epiyfs; md;d=;fs; tpisahLk; mfykhd goj;Jiwfisf; bfhz;ld. mjpy;
vUikfs; tPH;e;J KH;Fk;. mjdhy; ePh; epiyfspYs;s thiskPd;fs; Js;sp vGe;J
mUfpy; cs;s ghf;Fku=;fspd; kPJ gha[k;. ,f;fhl;rpahdJ thdj;jpy; njhd;wpkiwa[k;
thdtpy;iyg; nghd;W tps=;Fk;.
beLtpdh
1. bghpag[uhzk; fhl;Lk; jpUehl;Lr; rpwg;gpidj; bjhFj;J vGJf.
Kd;Diu :
irt rkag; bghpath;fshd Re;juUk; ek;gpahz;lhh; ek;gpa[k; ghoa irt
moahh;fspd; tuyhw;Wf; Fwpg;g[fspd; tphpthd E}ny bghpag[uhzk; MFk;. ,ijg;
ghoath; nrf;fpHhh;. xt;bthU g[uhzj;jpYk; xt;nthh; moatuhf mWgj;J @th;
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rpwg;g[fisg; ghoapUf;fpwhh; ``gf;jpr;Rit Edp brhl;lr; brhl;lg; ghoa ftptyt~~ vd;W

,tiu kfhtpj;thd; kPdhl;rp Re;juk; gps;is ghuhl;Lthh;. jpUehl;Lr; rpwg;ig ,aw;if
tsj;Jld; tpsf;fpapUf;fpwhh; nrf;fpHhh;. mij cw;W nehf;Fnthk;.
fhtphpf; fhy;tha;fs; :
fhtphp ePh; kiyapypUe;J njd; epuk;gpa g{f;fis moj;Jf;bfhz;L tUfpwJ.
mij tz;Lfs; NH;e;J Muthuk; bra;fpd;wd. ePh;epiyfs; epiwe;j ehl;Lf;F tsk; jUk;
bghUl;Lf; fhtphpePh; fhy;tha;fspy; v=;Fk; gue;J XLfpwJ.
cHj;jpahpd; fhy;fis ,lWk; r=;Ffs; :
ehw;Wfs; brHpj;J tsh;e;J brofs; Mapd. Kjy; ,iy RUs; tpGe;jjhy; fis
gwpf;Fk; gUtk; te;jJ. fisfise;J bry;Yk; cHj;jpah;fspd; E}y;fspy; Kj;Jf;fis
<Dk; r=;Ffs; ,lwpd. mjdhy; ,iljsh;e;J tz;Lfs; bkha;f;Fk; kyh;fisa[ila
Te;jy; mira[khW tug;gpidr; brd;W mile;jdh;.
nrhHehl;Lr; rpwg;g[ :
fhLfspy; fUk;g[fSk; nrhiyfs; v=;Fk; kyh; mUk;g[fSk; cs;sd. taypd;
Xu=;fspy; fhpaFtis kyh;fs; kyh;e;Js;sd. tay;fspy; r=;Ffs; fplf;fpd;wd.
ePh;epiyfspy; md;d=;fs; cyt[fpd;wd. Fs=;fs; epiwe;J fliyg; nghy;
fhl;rpaspf;fpd;wd. ehL KGtJk; ePh; ehL vd;W brhy;yj;jf;f mstpy; tsKilaJ
jpUehL.
this kPDk; thdtpy;Yk; :
md;d=;fs; ePe;jp tpisahLk; ePh;epiyfspy; vUikfs; tpGe;J @H;fpd. mjdhy;
m=;Fs;s this kPd;fs; Js;sp vGe;J mUfpYs;s ghf;F ku=;fspd; kPJ jhtpg; gha[k;.
,f;fhl;rp thdj;jpy; njhd;wp kiwa[k; thdtpy;iyg; nghd;wjhFk;. mhpe;j bre;bey;ypd;
NLfisg; (bew;fw;iw) bghpa nghuhff; Ftpg;gh;. gpoj;j kPd;fisa[k; Fd;iwg; nghy;
Ftpj;J itg;gh;. gf;fj;jpnyna njd; tHpa[k; kyh;j; bjhFjpia kiynghy; Ftpj;J
itg;gh;.
nkf=;fs; jtGk; bghd;kiy :
nknyapUe;J bew;fw;iwfisr; rhar; bra;J vUikfs; g{l;lg;gl;l tz;ofspy;
Vw;Wth; tykhf Rw;wpr; Rw;wp kpjf;Fk; ,j;njhw;wkhdJ fhpa nkf=;fs; bghd;kiyapd; kPJ
tykhfr; Rw;Wfpd;w fhl;rp nghy; cs;sJ.
ku=;fs; mzptFg;g[:
ePh;tsk; epuk;gpa me;ehl;od; bjd;id/ brUe;jp/ eue;jk; xU gf;fk;/ murkuk;/
flk;gkuk;/ gr;rpiykuk;/ Fuhkuk; ntW xU gf;fk;/ bghpa mog;ghfk; cila gid/
re;jdk;/ ehfk; t+;rp/ fh+;rp/ nfh=;F Kjypa ku=;fs; mlh;e;J brHpe;J tsh;e;Js;sd.
ePh;tsKk;/ epytsKila jpUehL fhtphpePh; gha;tjhy; ,aw;ifr; NHy; epiwe;j
ehlhf tps=;FfpwJ.
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TLjy; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjhpf
m) khzpf;fthrfh; ? jpUthrfk;
M) jpU@yh; ? jpUke;jpuk;
,) Re;juh; ? njthuk;
<) nrf;fpHhh; ? jpUtpisahlw;g[uhzk;
tpil: <) nrf;fpHhh; ? jpUtpisahlw;g[uhzk;
2. `jpUj;bjhz;lh; jpUte;jhjp~ ghoath; .............
m) mgpuhkp gl;lh; M) Re;juh; ,) ek;gpahz;lhh; ek;gp <) nrf;fpHhh;
tpil: ,) ek;gpahz;lhh; ek;gp
3. bghUe;jhhj ,iziaj; njh;e;bjLf;f.
m) jusk; ? Kj;J
M) gzpyk; ? r=;F
,) nthp ? njd;
<) re;J ? bey; tpil: <) re;J ? bey;
4. bghUj;Jf.
1. ehspnfuk; ? i) mur kuk;
2. nfhsp ? ii) bey; mhpf;fl;L
3. NL ? iii) bjd;id
4. fiH ? iv) fUk;g[
m) 1. ii 2. iv 3. i 4. iii M) 1. iii 2. iv 3. i 4. ii
,) 1. iii 2. i 3. ii 4. iv <) 1. iv 2. iii 3. i 4. ii
tpil: ,) 1. iii 2. i 3. ii 4. iv
5. thpirg;gLj;Jf.
1. fhtphp ePh; fhy;tha;fspy; gue;J XLfpwJ.
2. fhtphp ePh; kiyapypUe;J g[jpa g{f;fis moj;Jf;bfhz;L tUfpwJ.
3. tz;Lfs; NH;e;J Muthuk; bra;fpd;wd.
4. g{f;fspy; njd; epiwe;Js;sJ.
m) 1/ 2/ 3/ 4 M) 4/ 2/ 1/ 3 ,) 2/ 1/ 4/ 3 <) 2/ 4/ 3/ 1
tpil: <) 2/ 4/ 3/ 1
6. bghUe;jhj ftp+iuj; njh;e;bjL.
m) Mz;lhs; M) fhiuf;fhyk;ikahh;
,) jpU+hdrk;ge;jh; <) nrf;fpHhh; tpil: M) fhiuf;fhyk;ikahh;
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epug;g[f
7. bghpa g[uhzj;jpy; `jpUehL~ vdf; Fwpg;gplg;gLtJ ............tpil : nrhH ehL
8. jpUj;bjhz;lj; bjhif ghoath; ............ tpil : Re;juh;
9. jpUj;bjhz;lh; jpUte;jhjp ,aw;wpath; ............ tpil : ek;gpahz;lhh; ek;gp
10. nrf;fpHhh; thH;e;j fhyk; ............ tpil : fp.gp. 12k; E}w;whz;L
11. `gf;jpr;Rit edp brhl;lr;brhl;lg; ghoa ftp tyt~ vd ahh; ahiug; nghw;wpaJ>
tpil : kPdhl;rp Re;juk;gps;is/ nrf;fpHhiu
12. kfhtpj;thd; vdg; nghw;wg;gLgth; ............ tpil : kPdhl;rp Re;juk;gps;is
13. bghUj;Jf :
brhy; kuj;jpd; bgah;
1. ehspnfuk; ? m) Mw;Wg;g{tuR
2. re;J ? M) bjd;id
3. fh+;rp ? ,) murkuk;
4. nfhsp ? <) gUj;j gidkuk;
5. rhyk; ? c) re;jdkuk;
6. ,Uk;nghe;J ? C) Mr;rhkuk; tpil : 1.M 2.c 3.m 4., 5.C 6.<
14. ePh;ehL vdg; nghw;wg;gLk; ehL ............ tpil : nrhHehL
15. Fnyhj;J=;f nrhHd; mitapy; jiyik mikr;ruhf ,Ue;jth; .............
tpil : nrf;fpHhh;
16. r=;F/ Kj;J ? vDk; bghUs; jUk; brhw;fs; Kiwna .......... tpil : gzpyk;/ jusk;
FWtpdh
1. fhtphpf; fhy;tha;fspd; rpwg;ghf bghpa g[uhzk; TWk; fUj;Jfisf; TWf.
fhtphp ePh; kiyapypUe;J njd; epuk;gpa g{f;fis moj;Jf;bfhz;L tUfpwJ. mij
tz;Lfs; NH;e;J Muthuk; bra;fpd;wd. ePh;epiyfs; epiwe;j ehl;Lf;F tsk; jUk;
bghUl;Lf; fhtphpePh; fhy;tha;fspy; v=;Fk; gue;J XLfpwJ.
2. nrhH ehl;od; rpwg;g[fshf bghpa g[uhzk; TWtd ahit>
fhLfspy; fUk;g[fSk; nrhiyfs; v=;Fk; kyh; mUk;g[fSk; cs;sd. taypd; Xu=;fspy;
fhpaFtis kyh;fs; kyh;e;Js;sd. tay;fspy; r=;Ffs; fplf;fpd;wd. ePh;epiyfspy;
md;d=;fs; cyt[fpd;wd. Fs=;fs; epiwe;J fliyg; nghy; fhl;rpaspf;fpd;wd. ehL
KGtJk; ePh; ehL vd;W brhy;yj;jf;f mstpy; tsKilaJ jpUehL.
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1. @r;R tpLk; kuk;/ g[ul;og; nghl;l g[ay;/ ,ir ghLk; gwitfs;/ gdpj;Jspapy; bjhpa[k;
gid/ vd; ,dpa fdt[ nghd;w jiyg;g[fspy; gs;sp ,yf;fpa kd;wj;jpy; ftpij gof;f.
gs;sp ,yf;fpa kd;wj;jpy; ftpij goj;jy;
@r;R tpLk; kuk; g[ul;og; nghl;l g[ay;
fhh;gd; il Mf;iril ml;yhz;of; flypd; kpfg; bgUk; Nwhtsp
cl;bfhz;L `tpy;kh~ mbkhpf;fg; g[ay; `fj;hpdh`
Mf;rp$id btspnaw;Wk; vdf;nf epa{ Mh;ypad;irg; g[ul;og; nghl;l
@r;Rj; jpzwy;........ `hPlh~/ `My;gh~ jkpHfj;ij fyf;fpa f$h
Rw;Wr;NHiy rkdpiyg;gLj;Jk; g[aypd; rPw;wk; fdkiH ......
vdf;nf jpzwpdhy; kf;fs;........
,aw;ifiar; rPz;lhjPh;fs;-
Inah ........ tpHpj;Jf; bfhs;S=;fs;
khdplnu........- mJ jpUg;gp moj;jhy; jh=;f KoahJ xU
broahtJ eL=;fs;--
,irghLk; gwitfs; gdpj; Jspapy; bjhpa[k; gid
gHKjph;r; nrhiy jkpHdpd; mwptpay; rpe;jid
gRik epiwe;j ku=;fs; fypypnah rpe;jida[ld; fye;J nghfpwJ.
ku=;fs; njhWk; gwitfs; fgpyUk; fypypnaht[k; ,ize;jdh;.
gwitfs; gytpjk;- xspiaf; nfhl;lkilar; bra;J
xt;bthd;Wk; jdpufk;-- bjhiytpy; cs;s bghUspd; cUtj;ij
ngRk; gwitfs; ghLk; uhf=;fs; mz;ikapy; fhl;lyhk; vd;whh; fypyp
gwitfspd; bkhHpfis jpidast[ nghjhr; rpWg[y; ePh; ePz;l
bkhHpbgah;f;f Koa[kh> gidast[ fhl;Lk; vd;whh; fgpyh;.
vd; ,dpa fdt[
md;wput[ MH;e;j epj;jpiuapy; tphpe;j fdt[fs;
nghJkhd kiH mfd;w MW Fs=;fspy; ePh; tuj;J v=;Fg; ghh;j;jhYk;
thdj;ijj; jtpu midj;Jk; gr;ir
g{kpiaf; fGtptpl;lJ nghy; gspr; brd;w ghh;it
vy;nyhUk; ,d;g[w;wpUf;f fdt[ xd;W fz;nld;.
2. ftpijapd; tpthpg;ig ciueilapy; vGJf.
thdfnk/ ,sbtapny/ kur;brwpnt/ eP=;fbsy;yhk;
fhdypd; ePnuh> ? btW=;fhl;rpg; gpiHjhndh>
nghd bjy;yhk; fdtpidg;nghy; g[ije;jHpe;nj
nghdjdhy; ehDk; Xh; fdnth> ? ,e;j
+hyKk; bgha;jhndh> ? ghujpahh;
ghly; fUj;J:
thdfnk/ thdpy; njhd;Wk; Nhpad; btspg;gLj;Jk; ,sbtspny/ kuf;Tl;l=;fns/
eP=;fs; fhdy; ePh; my;y ....... flt[spd; gilg;g[fs;. eP=;fs; btWk; fhl;rpg; gpiHfs; ,y;iy.
cz;ik totk;. Mdhy; thH;tpd; fdt[fs; fditg; nghynt ...... mHpe;J nghdjhy;
ehDk; mHpe;JnghFk; fdth ....... ,e;j epyt[yfKk; bgha;ahFnkh>

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ftpijg; ngiH
Þò™
Þó‡´ g[wehD}W
2000 Mz;LfSf;F Kw;gl;l fhyk; r=;ffhyk; vdg;gLk;. r=;ffhyj;jpy; vGe;j
E}y;fs; vl;Lj;bjhif/ gj;Jg;ghl;L MFk;. ,e;j gjpbdl;L E}y;fSk; gjpbdz;
nkw;fzf;F E}y;fs; vdt[k; miHf;fg;gLk;.
vl;Lj; bjhif E}y;fshtd:
ew;wpiz/ FWe;bjhif/ I=;FWE}W/ gjpw;Wg; gj;J/ ghpghly;/ fypj;bjhif/ mfehD}W/
g[wehD}W vd;git MFk;.
,tw;Ws; g[wk;/ rhh;e;j E}y;fs; ,uz;L. mit gjpw;Wg;gj;J/ g[wehD}W.
E}y; Fwpg;g[ :
g[wk; vd;Wk;/ g[wg;ghl;L vd;Wk; miHf;fg;bgWtJ g[wehD}W. ,jid
g[wk; + ehd;F + E}W vdg; gphpf;fyhk;. ,e;E}Yf;F flt[s; thH;j;Jg; ghoath; ghujk; ghoa
bgUe;njtdhh;. ,e;E}iyj; bjhFj;jth;/ bjhFg;gpj;jth; mwpag;gltpy;iy. ,e;E}ypd;
fz; 11 g[wj;jpizfSk;/ 65 JiwfSk; ifahsg;gl;Ls;sd.
E}y; czh;j;Jk; bra;jp :
g[wehD}W/ gz;ila nte;jh;fspd; tPuk;/ btw;wp/ bfhil/ Ml;rpr; rpwg;g[/
br=;nfhd;ik Fwpj;Jk;/ FWepy kd;dh;fs;/ g[yth;fs;/ rhd;nwhh;fs;/ filbaG ts;sy;fs;/
nridj; jiyth;fs; cs;spl;nlhh; bgUikfisg; gw;wpa[k;/ md;iwa kf;fspd; ehfhpfk;/
gz;ghL/ thH;tpay; bewpfs; nghd;w g[wthH;itg; gw;wpa[k; TWfpwJ.
,e;E}y; gz;ilj; jkpHhpd; thH;tpay; rpe;jidf; fUt{ykhft[k; mhpa tuyhw;Wr;
bra;jpfs; ml=;fpa gz;ghl;Lf; fUt{ykhft[k; jpfH;fpwJ.
E}ypd; rpwg;g[ :
$p. a[. nghg; mth;fSf;Fj; jkpH;gg
; w;W Vw;gl fhuzkha; ,Ue;j E}y;fSs; xd;W ,J.
,e;E}ypd; cs;s rpy ghly;fis mth; M=;fpyj;jpy; bkhHp bgah;j;Js;shh;.
Mrphpah; Fwpg;g[ :
ek; ghlg;gFjpapy; cs;s `thd; cl;Fk;~ ghliy ,aw;wpath; Flg[ytpadhh;.
`g[ytpad;~ vd;gJ ,tuJ ,aw;bgah; `Flg[yk;~ vDk; ehl;Lg; gFjpapy; ,Ue;J te;jth;.
`,adhh;~ vd;Dk; ,irf;fUtp KHf;Fk; kugpy; te;jth; vdnt/ `Flg[ytpadhh;~ vd
miHf;fg; bgw;whh;.
jpiz ? bghJtpay; jpiz :
tpsf;fk; : btl;rp Kjy; ghlhz; jpiz Koa cs;s g[wj;jpizfSf;bfy;yhk;
bghJthd bra;jpfisa[k;/ mj;jpizfSf;Fs; Kd;dh; tpsf;fg;glhj
bra;jpfisa[k; vLj;Jwww.tnpscjob.com
f; TWtJ bghJtpay; jpiz vdg;gLk;.
Jiw : bghUz;bkhHpf; fh+;rpj; Jiw

tpsf;fk; :vhpe;jpy=;F rilKo Kdpth; g[hpe;J fz;l bghUs; bkhHpe;jd;W vd;gJ
bghUz;bkhHpf; fh+;rpj; Jiwia tpsf;Fk; E}w;gh MFk;. bka; czh;ej ;
rhd;nwhh;fSk;/ Kdpth;fSk; j=;fs; bka;awpthy; Muha;eJ; . bjspe;j thH;tpay;
cz;ikg; bghUisa[k/; epiyahikj; jj;Jtj;ija[k; gpwh;fF ; g; gad;gLkhWk;/
g[hpe;J bfhs;SkhWk; vLj;Jiug;gJ bghUz;bkhHpf; fh+;rpj;Jiw MFk;.
,k;ik/ kWikf;fhd cWjpg; bghUisf; TWtJk; ,j;Jiwapd; nehf;fk; MFk;.
EiHa[k; Kd; :
epyk;/ ePh/; fhw;W vd;git kdpjdpd; mog;gilj; njitfs; MFk;. ,aw;if
ekf;Ff; bfhilahf je;jpUf;Fk; ,tw;iw chpa Kiwapy; ngzpf; fhf;f ntz;Lk; vd;Wk;. ek;
Kd;ndhh;fs; ePhe; piyfis cUthf;Fgth;fis `capiu cUthf;Fgth;fs;~ vd;Wk; nghw;wpdh;.
,f;fUj;ij czh;eJ ; / ehl;il MSk; kd;dd; bray;gl ntz;Lk; vd;gij
czh;jj ; tpUk;gpa g[yth; Flg[ytpadhh; `ghz;oa beL+;brHpaidg;~ ghLk; ghlypy;
ePh;epiyfis cUthf;fp/ capiug; ngzp ,k;ik/ kWikg; gad;fisg; bgw;W ePL thH;f
vdf; TWk; ghly; ,J.
ghlypd; bghUs; :
tpz;iz Kl;Lk; jpz;bzd;w cWjpa[ila cah;e;j kjpiyf; bfhz;l tsk;
bghUe;jpa gHikahd Chpd; jiytnd- typik kpf bfhz;l nte;jnd- eP ,k;ikapy;
kl;Lky;y/ kWik ,d;gj;ij milat[k/; cyfk; bty;Yk; tpUg;gk; epiwntwt[k/;
epiyahd g[fiHg; bgwt[k; Mfpa @tif ,d;g=;fisa[k; bgwtpUk;gpdhy;/
vd;dbty;yhk; eP brayhw;w ntz;Lk; vd TWfpnwd; nfl;ghahf.
cyfpy; cs;s midj;J Mw;wy;/ bry;tk;/ ey;yhl;rp/ g[fH; vd ahtw;iwa[k;
kpFjpahff; bfhz;L tps=;Fk; ghz;oad; beL+;brHpand- ePh; ,d;wp mikahj cly;
czthy; miktJ MFk;. czitna Kjd;ikahft[k; cilaJ. vdnt czt[
je;jth; capiuj; je;jth; Mthh;.
czt[ vdg;gLtJ epyj;Jld; ePUk; MFk;. epyj;ija[k;/ ePiua[k; xd;W
nrh;j;jth;. ,t;t[yfpy; cliya[k;/ capiua[k; xd;W nrh;j;jth; Mthh;.
bey; Kjypa jhdpa=;fis tpijj;J tpl;L/ mj;jhdpa=;fis tpisar; bra;a
thd; ,w=;fp kiH jutpy;iybad;why; me;epy cyif MSk; murdpd; Kaw;rpa[k;/
braYk; rpwpJk; cjthJ. ahh; Mz;lhYk; ngUk;/ g[fGk;/ kf;fs; ,d;gKk; bgwy; MfhJ.
mjdhy; ehd; TWk; bkhHpfis ,fHhJ filgpog;ghahf. epyk; FHpe;j ,l=;fs; njhWk;
ePh; epiyfisg; bgUfr; bra;thahf. mt;thW epyj;Jld; ePiu eP Tl;odhy;/
z kWik ,d;gj;ij miljy;.
z cyF KGtija[k; btd;W jdp Ml;rp mikj;jy;.
z thlhj epiyahd g[fH; khiy bgWjy;.
Mfpa @tif ,d;g=;fisa[k; bgw;W ,t;itaj;jpy; thH;th=;F thHyhk; vd;w
jj;Jtj;ij ghz;oad; beL+;brHpaDf;Fg; Flg[ytpadhh; TWfpwhh;.
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brhy;Yk; ? bghUSk; :
ahf;if ? clk;g[
g[zhpnahh; ? je;jth;
g[d;g[yk; ? g[y;ypaepyk;
jhl;F ? jhs; ? Kaw;rp MSik
(jhs; Mw;wpj; je;j bghUs;/ Fws; xg;g[nehf;F)
`js;shnjhh; ,tz; js;sh njhnu~ js;shnjhh; ? Fiwtpyy; hJ ePhe
; piy mikg;gth;fs; Fiwtpyy
; hj
g[fGilath;fshf tps=;Fthh;fs;
,yf;fzf; Fwpg;g[ :
@J}h;/ ey;ypir/ g[d;g[yk; ? gz;g[j;bjhiffs;
epWj;jy; ? bjhHpw;bgah;
mikah ? <Wbfl;l vjph;kiwg; bgabur;rk;
ePUk; epyKk;/ clk;gk
[ ; capUk; ? vz;Qk;ikfs;
mLnghh; ? tpidj;bjhif
bfhLj;njhh; ? tpidahyiza[k; bgah;
gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk; mwpf :
1. epWj;jy; = epW + j; + jy; 2. bfhLj;njhh; = bfhL + j; + j;; + Xh;
epW ? gFjp bfhL ? gFjp
j; ? ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy j; ? re;jp
jy; ? bjhHpw;bgah; tpFjp j; ? ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy
xh; ? gyh;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp
ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjhpf
1. ky;yy; @J}h; tante;nj ? nfhol;l brhy;ypd; bghUs; vd;d>
m) kWik M) g{tuRkuk; ,) tsk; <) bghpa
tpil : ,) tsk;
FWtpdh
1. cz;o bfhLj;njhh; caph; bfhLj;njhnu ? Fwpg;g[ jUf.
ePh; ,d;wp mikahj cly; czthy; miktJ" czitna Kjd;ikaht[k;
cilaJ. vdnt czt[ je;jth; capiuj; je;jth; Mth;. ,ijf; Flg[ytpadhh;/ ghz;oad;
beL+;brHpaidg; ghLk; g[wehD}w;Wg; ghlypy; ,ijj; bjhptpf;fpwhh;.
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rpWtpdh
1. epiyj;j g[fiHg; bgWtjw;Ff; Flg[ytpadhh; TWk; tHpfs; ahit>
epyk; FHpahd ,l=;fs; njhWk; ePh;epiyiag; bgUfr; bra;jy; ntz;Lk;.
mt;thW epyj;Jld; ePiur; nrh;j;Jg; gad;ghl;Lf;Ff; bfhz;Lte;njhh; @tif
,d;gj;ija[k; epiyj;j g[fiHa[k; bgWth;.
TLjy; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjhpf
m) cz;gJ ehHp cLg;git ,uz;nl M) czbtdg; gLtJ epyj;bjhL ePnu
,) cz;o bfhLj;njhh; caph; bfhLj;njhnu
<) clk;ig tsh;j;njd; caph; tsh;j;njnd
tpil: <) clk;ig tsh;j;njd; caph; tsh;j;njnd
2. bghUj;Jf.
m) ahf;if ? i) giHik
M) jhl;F ? ii) clk;g[
,) tsik ? iii) Kaw;rp tpil: m) ii M) iii ,) i
3. gz;ilaj; jkpHh;fspd; tuyhW ml=;fpa gz;ghl;Lf; fUt{yk; ............
m) ew;wpiz M) I=;FWE}W ,) fypj;bjhif <) g[wehD}W
tpil: <) g[wehD}W
epug;g[f
4. ePh; ,d;wp mikahjJ ............ tpil: cly;
5. czt[[ vdg;gLtJ epyj;Jld; ............ MFk;. tpil: ePUk;
6. czitj; je;jth; ............ je;jth; Mth;. tpil: caph;
7. gz;ilj; jkpHh;fspd; mhpa tuyhw;Wr; bra;jpfsl=;fpa gz;ghl;L fUt{ykhfj; jpfGk;
E}y; ............ tpil: g[wehD}W
8. jhl;F vd;w brhy;ypd; bghUs; tpil: Kaw;rp
FWtpdh
1. `g[wehD}W~ Fwpg;g[j; jUf.
z vl;Lj; bjhif E}y;fSs; xd;W.
z gz;ila nte;jh;fspd; btw;wp/ tPuk;/ bfhil/ Fwpj;Jk; FWepy kd;dh;fs;/ g[yth;fs;/
rhd;nwhh;fs; bgUikfisf; TWk; E}y;.
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z gz;ila fhy kf;fspd; g[wthH;f;ifiag; gw;wpf; TWk; E}y;.

z gz;ila jkpHhpd; tuyhw;Wg; gz;ghl;Lf; fUt{yk;
z kd;dh;fs;/ bgz;ghw; g[yth;fs; nghd;wth;fshYk; ghlg;bgw;wJ.
2. `bghJtpay; jpiz~ ? tpsf;Ff.
btl;rp Kjyhd g[wj;jpizfSf;bfy;yhk; bghJthd bra;jpfisa[k; Kd;dh;
tpsf;fg;glhj bra;jpfisa[k; TWtJ bghJtpay; jpizahFk;.
3. KJbkhHpf; fh+;rpj; Jiwia tpsf;Ff.
mwk;/ bghUs;/ ,d;gk; vd;Dk; Kg;bghUspdJ cWjp jUk; jd;ikiaf; TWjy;
KJbkhHpf; fh+;rpj; JiwahFk;.
5. @tif ,d;g=;fshf Flg[ytpadhh; TWtd ahit>
z ,k;ikf;F kl;L kpd;wp kWik ,d;gk;
z cyifna bty;Yk; xU jdp Ml;rp
z thlhj g[fH;khiy ,itna @tif ,d;g=;fs; MFk;.
1. gpd;tUk; g[wehD}w;Wj; bjhlh;fSf;fhd bghUisg; gs;sp E}yfj;jpw;Fr; brd;W mwpe;J

vGJf.
m) cz;o bfhLj;njhh; caph; bfhLj;njhnu- (g[wk; ? 18)
ghoath; : Flg[ytpadhh;
ghlg;gl;l murd; : ghz;oad; jiyahy=;fhdj;Jr; brUbtd;w beL+;brHpad;
jpiz : bghJtpay;
Jiw : KJbkhHpf;fh+;rp
bghUs; : czitf; bfhLj;jth; capiuf; bfhLj;jth; Mth;.
M) cz;gJ ehHp/ cLg;gJ ,uz;nl- (g[wk; ? 189)
ghoath; : kJiuf; fzf;fhadhh; kfdhh; ef;fPudhh;
jpiz : bghJtpay;
Jiw : bghUz;bkhHpf;fh+;rp
bghUs; : cz;zg;gLk; bghUs; ehHp(cHf;F) msthFk;. cLf;fg;gLk;
cil nkny xd;Wk; ,ilapny xd;Wkhf ,uz;nlahFk;.
,) ahJk; Cnu ahtUk; nfsph;- (g[wk; ? 192)
ghoath; : fdpad; g{=;Fd;wdhh;
jpiz : bghJtpay;
Jiw : bghUz;bkhHpf; fh+;rp
bghUs; : v=;fSf;Fvy;yhCh;fSk;vk;Ch;fshFk;.vy;yhUk;cwtpdh;fnsMth;.
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<) rhd;nwhd; Mf;Fjy; je;ijf;Ff; flnd- (g[wk; ? 312)

ed;dil ey;fy; nte;jw;Ff; flnd-
ghoath; : bghd; Koahh;
jpiz : thif
Jiw : @jpd;Ky;iy
bghUs; : bgw;w tsh;j;j kfid ew;gz;g[fs; epiwe;jtdhf Mf;FtJ
je;ijapd; flik. ey;byhGf;fj;ijf; fw;gpg;gJ ehlhSk;
nte;jdpd; flik
c) cw;WHp cjtpa[k; cWbghUs; bfhLj;Jk;/ (g[wk; ? 183)
gpw;iwepiy KdpahJ fw;wy; ed;nw-
ghoath; : ghz;oad; Mhpag;gil fle;j beL+;brHpad;
jpiz : bghJtpay;
Jiw : bghUz;bkhHpf; fh+;rp
bghUs; : xUtd; jd; Mrphpah;f;Fj; Jd;gk; neh;e;j tplj;J mth;f;F cjtp
bra;Jk;/ kpf;f bghUisj; je;Jk; mth;f;F tHpghL bra;a[k;
jd;ikia btWf;fhkYk; fw;gJ eyk;.
2. ``czthFk; kiH~~ vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; tpsf;ff; Fwpg;g[fSld; Toa glj;bjhFg;ig
cUthf;Ff.
Fmha\zx ªUP RøµPÒ, £°Ö

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PÛPÒ AÁØÓõÀ ö£¸SQßÓÚ. ÁõÇ |À¾nøÁz u¸QßÓÚ.
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AÖ_øÁ EnÄ AÁ]¯®.
AuøÚ AÎ¨£x ©øÇ÷¯!
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tphpthdk;
Þò™
Þó‡´ jz;zPh; fe;jh;td;
ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs;
beLtpdh
1. `jz;zPh;~ fijiaf; fUg;bghUs; Fd;whky; RUf;fpj; jUf.
jz;zPh; ? fe;jh;td;
Kd;Diu :
`èhfyp=;fk;~~ vd;Dk; ,aw;bgaiuf; bfhz;l fe;jh;td; mth;fs; r@f
mty=;fs;/ khDl gpur;ridfis ikakhff; bfhz;L fij g[idtjpy; ty;yth;.
``rhrdk;~~/ ``xt;bthUfy;yha;~~/ ``bfhk;gd;~~ Kjypa thpirapy; ``jz;zPh;~~ rpWfija[k;
r@f epiyia vLj;Jf; fhl;Lk; fijahf cs;sJ.
FoePuw;w Chpd; epiy :
jdpkdpjdpd; mog;gilj; njitahd FoePUf;nf my;yhLk; xU rpw;W}h; mJ.
mt;CUf;Fk; ,aw;iff;Fk; epue;jug;gif/ g[ay; te;jhy; 3 ehl;fs; bts;sf;fhlha; ,Uf;Fk;
ehd;fhtJ ehs; jz;zPuw;w epykha; khwp tpLk;. bgz;fs; jiyapYk;/ ,Lg;gpYkhff;
Fl=;fisf; bfhz;L gpyhg;gl;o tiu brd;W Cw/ Cw ePh; vLj;J tUk; mtyepiyjhd;
,Ue;jJ.
gy;yhz;LfSf;FKd; cyfk;kd; nfhapy; fpzW kl;Lk; bfh+;rk; jz;zPh;
je;J bfhz;oUe;jJ. ,g;nghJ mJt[k; J}h;e;J ghG=;fpzwha; khwp tpl;lJ. vy;yhnk
g{z;lw;W ngha; tpl;ld.
v=;fhtJ fpzW njhz;odhYk; fly; jz;zPiutpl xU kl=;F TLjyhf
cg;g[/ fpzw;W ePhpny cg;gsk; nghlyhk;" Fliy tha;f;Ff; bfhz;L tUk; cth;g;ghfnt
,Ue;jJ. ,Jnt `jz;zPh;~ fijapy; ,lk; bgw;Ws;s Chpd; epiy.
,uapypd; tUifa[k; kf;fs; Xl;lKk; :
,g;gog;gl;l twz;l CUf;F tug;gpurhjkha;/ jpdKk; tUk; ghr+;rh; ,uapy;
mike;jJ. ,uapy; 3 fp.kPl;lUf;F Kd;ng mUtkha; vGg;g[k; Cjy; xyp nfl;L/ kf;fs;
Xl;lKk; eila[kha; ,uapy; epiyak; bry;th;.
me;j ,uapypy; tUk; ePUf;fhf XLth;. xUtiubahUth; ,oj;Jk;/ gpoj;Jk;
Kiwj;Jk; Ke;jpf; bfhz;L ,lk; gpof;f XLthh;fs;. ,lk; gpof;f ,ayhj bgz;fs; Rthpy;
rha;e;J epd;W bfhz;L vfj;jhsk; ngRth;. !;nl&d; kh!;lh; kpul;oa[k; Tl;lk; ml=;fhJ.
,e;j ,uapiy tpl;lhy; gpyhg;gl;of;Fj;jhd; Xl ntz;Lk; vd;gjhy; Kz;oaoj;J ,uapy;
bgl;of;Fs; Vwpdh;.
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,e;jpuhtpd; fdt[ :
me;j Chpy; ,Ue;j ,sk;bgz; ,e;jpuht[k;/ ,f;Tl;lj;jpy; xUj;jpahf epd;W/
jd;id ntW Xh; Chpy; cs;stUf;Fj;jhd; jpUkzk; ngrg; nghtJ nghyt[k;/ ,e;j
jz;zpapy;yh Chpy; cs;s vtDf;Fk; jiy ePl;lf; TlhJ vd;Wk; fdt[ fz;L bfhz;nl
,uapy; bgl;of;Fs; EiHe;jhs;.
,e;jpuh jz;zPh; gpoj;jy; :
gazpfs; ,w=;Ftjw;F Kd;ghfnt ,e;jpuh bgl;of;Fs; gha;e;J/ Kfk; fGt[k;
ngrpd; FHhia mGj;jp ntf/ ntfkhf miur; brk;g[k;/ fhy;brk;g[khf gpoj;Jf; Flj;jpy;
Cw;wpdhs;/ rdpad;/ gPil gpoj;j Flk; epiwfpwjh vd;W rypj;Jf; bfhz;nl FHhia
nkYk; mGj;jpdhs;. ,d;Dk; Flk; epiwatpy;iy.
,d;$pdpd; Cjy; xyp te;jJ mk;kh/ brhl;Lj; jz;zpapy;iy vd;W Kdfpanj
+hgfk; te;jJ. ,d;Dk; gpoj;Jf; bfhz;nl ,Ue;jhs; ,uapy; efh;e;jJ.
,e;jpuh v=;nf :
rpid Ml;ilg; ghh;j;jgo fzf;Fg; nghl;Lf; bfhz;oUe;j ,e;jpuhtpd;
je;ijaplk; ,e;jpuh tutpy;iy ,uapy; nghapUr;R vd;W brhy;yg;gl;lJ.
vy;yhk; gjw;wj;Jld; mz;zhd; tPL/ jk;gp tPL/ ,uhkehjg[uk; g!;!py; Vwp
,uapy; epiyak; brd;wnghJ ,uhkehjg[uk; ,uapy; epiyaj;jpy;; </ vWk;g[ Tl ,y;iy.
Flj;Jld; xU bgz; te;jhsh vd;W mwpe;j/ bjhpe;j ,lk; g{uht[k; njoa[k; ,e;jpuh v=;Fk;
fpilf;ftpy;iy.
jhapd; Jauk; :
``vk; g[s;s jz;zp g[of;fg; nghap ve;j CU jz;lthsj;Jy tpGe;J fplf;nfh~~
vd mlf;f Koahky; Xodhs; ,e;jpuhtpd; jha;. Ch; $dKk; gpd;dhy; XoaJ. jha;
jz;lthsj;jpny Xl Muk;gpj;jhs;.
J}uj;jpy; g[s;spaha; Xh; cUtk; mnjh ,e;jpuh- je;ij nfl;lhh;. gag[s;s/ ,j;jd
ikY ,e;j jz;zpiaa[kh brhke;Jfpl;L te;j. ,e;jpuh brhd;dhs; gpd;d- ehisf;F
tiuf;Fk; Fof;f vd;d bra;a.
fij czh;j;Jk; fUg;bghUs; :
,r;rpWfij `èPhpd;wp mikahJ cyF~~ vd;Dk; fUj;ij typa[Wj;JfpwJ. 21?Mk;
E}w;whz;il vl;og;gpoj;Js;s ,d;iwa epiyapy;/ FoePh; beUf;fo cr;rj;jpy;
,Ug;gija[k;/ rpw;W}h;fspd; kf;fspd; thH;f;if xU tha; jz;zPUf;Ff; Tl tHpaw;wjha;/
rpf;fy; epiwe;jjhfnt ,Uf;fpwJ vd;gij gog;nghh; be+;rpy; czh;j;Jk; tifapy;
`fe;jh;td;~ vGjpa[s;shh;.
``rpw;W}hpd; njitfs; ,d;wst[k;
epiwt[ bra;ag;gLtjpy;iy.~~
Kot[iu :
``caph; ePh;~~ vdg;gLk; jz;zPh; njitia/ mJ ,y;yh Chpd; mtyj;ij
,r;rpWfij @yk; czh;e;j ehk;/
`èPh; nkyhz;ikia fl;likg;nghk;
kiHePh; nrfhpg;nghk;.~~www.tnpscjob.com

1. cyfpy; ePh; ,y;iy vd;why; vd;dbty;yhk; elf;Fk; vd;gijf; fw;gid bra;J c=;fs;
fUj;Jfis tFg;giwapy; gfph;e;J bfhs;f.
fw;gidf; fij
Kd;Diu :
èPh; ,d;W mikahJ cyF~ vd;W mWjpapl;Lf; Twpdhh; jpUts;Sth;.
ek;Kd;ndhhpd; thH;f;iff; fs+;rpakhk; ,yf;fpa=;fSk; ,ijna typa[Wj;jp te;jd.
,d;W ePh; beUf;fo cr;rj;ijj; bjhl;oUf;fpwJ. ePh; ,y;iy vd;why; vd;d elf;Fk;
vd;gij ,=;F rpe;jpf;fyhk;.
cyfpYk; clypYk; @d;W gFjp ePh; cs;sJ. Mdhy; thGk; kf;fSf;Fg; nghjpast[
ePh; fpilf;fhky; nghuhLk; epiya[s;sJ. kiHna czthFk; czt[g;bghUl;fis
tpistpj;Jj; jUtjw;Fk; gad;gLfpwJ vd;W ts;Stg; bgUe;jif TWfpwhh;. xU
fpnyh mhprp bgw 2700 ypl;lh; jz;zPh; njitg;gLfpwJ. tpis epy=;fs; tPl;L kidfs;
gad;ghLfs; bgUfg; bgUf thdk; twz;L bfhz;nl ,Uf;fpwJ. gUt kiH bga;ahky;
bgha;j;Jg; nghfpwJ. Xnrhd; glyj;jpy; Xl;il tpGfpwJ. btg;gk; mjpfhpj;Jf; bfhz;nl
nghfpwJ. epyj;jo ePh; tw;wpf; bfhz;L ,Uf;fpwJ.
jz;zPh; tpw;gidf;nf :
``jhfj;jpw;Fj; jz;zPh; tpiy bfhLj;J th=;Fk; epiy te;jnghnj jz;zPh;
kf;fspd; njitf;fy;y~~ vd;w epiy te;Jtpl;lJ/ ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s khepy=;fspy;
jz;zPh;g; gw;whf;Fiw mjpfk; cs;s khepyk; jkpH;ehLjhd;. jz;zPh;j; njitiag; g{h;j;jp
bra;a gpw khepy=;fis vjph;ghh;f;Fk; epiy cs;sJ. ehLfis ejpfs; ,izf;fpd;wd.
Mdhy; jz;zPuhy; khepy=;fis ,izf;f Koahj NH;epiy ,Uf;fpwJ.
jz;zPh;g; nghh; :
cyfpd; bgUk;ghyhd nkhjy;fs; jz;zPh;g; gw;whf;Fiwahy; epfH;fpd;wd.
``,dp mLj;j cyfg;nghh; jz;zPUf;fhfj;jhd;~~ vd;whfptpl;lJ. ,aw;ifapd; ghjfkhd
NH;epiy kl;Lk; ,jw;Ff; fhuzky;y. ePh; nkyhz;ikapy; ehk; bra;Js;s bgUe; jtWfns
,d;iwa ePh; beUf;fof;Ff; fhuzk; vd;W I.eh tpd; tsh;r;rpj;jpl;l mikg;gpd; Ma;t[
TWfpwJ. MH;FHha;f; fpzWfspd; rhjid epyj;jo ePh; Mjhu=;fis mHpj;Jtpl;lJ.
epiwt[iu:
ePh; nkyhz;ikapy; eP g[jpa Kd; Kaw;rpfspd; thapyhfnt ePh; beUf;fof;Fj;
jPh;t[fisf; fz;lwpa Koa[k;. eph; Mjhu=;fs; midj;Jk; kf;fSf;fhdjhf mth;fspd;
fl;Lg;ghl;onyna ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;. ,J bghJ epajp.
`` filrp kuk;
btl;lg;gLk; nghJk;
filrpr; brhl;Ljz;zPh;
fhypahFk; nghJ jhd;
bjhpa[k; ,e;j kdpj r@fj;jpw;Fg;
gzj;ijj; jp=;www.tnpscjob.com
fKoahJ vd;W~~
2. gP]=; ...gP;=;.... vd;w rj;jj;Jld; jz;zPh; thfdk; xd;W ntfkhf te;J epd;wJ. mk;kh
Fl=;fSld; Xor;brd;W thpirapy; epd;whs;. mg;nghJ fUnkf=;fs; jpuz;ld...
fijiaj; bjhlh;e;J vGjp epiwt[ bra;f.
jz;zPh; thfdk; J}rpiaf; fpsg;gpf; bfhz;L ntfkhf te;J epd;wJ. fz;zk;kh/
ifapy; buz;Lk; ff;fj;jpy; buz;Lk; bfhz;L te;J thpirapy; nghl;lh=;f. bjUtpy;
cs;s taRg; bghz;zpypUe;J ghl;otiuapYk; te;jhr;R.
thdk; nkfk; @l;lj;Jld; fUj;J epd;wJ. <uf; fhw;Wld; g[ay; mog;gJnghy
RHd;W moj;jJ. thfdj; jz;zpa[k; kiHj;jz;zpa[k; nrh;j;Jg; gpoj;jhh;fs;. Nug;gl;o
,JtiuapYk; ,g;gog;gl;l kiHiaf; fz;ljpy;iy. fhw;W epd;wjdhy; nga;kiHahfg;
bga;jJ.
vy;nyhUk; fhspak;kd; nfhtpYf;fs; epd;W ngrpa ngr;bry;yhk; rj;jpak;
bra;jJ nghy ,Ue;jJ. ``Mw;wpy; kzy; ms;spajhy; vt;tst[ kiHbga;jhYk; jz;zP
nj=;Ftjpy;iy~~ ,J Mg;gf;fil md;dk; CUf;F th;w tHpapny ,Ue;j ku=;fis
vy;yhk; nuhl;Lf;fhf btl;oahr;R.
kzpafhuh; fUg;gzd; Mw;Wg;gLifapy; vd;bdd;dnkh kPj;njd;/ i\l;nuh
fhh;gd; .......... vd;d rdpandh Cuj; bjhlr;rpl;lh=;f.
muR nkdpiyg;gs;spapy; Mwhk; tFg;g[g; gof;Fk; khztp khyjp ku=;fis
epiwa elQk;. vd;d ku=;fd;D nfS=;f.... g{tuR/ kfpHk;/ Myk;/ muR/ khkuk;/ ntk;g[
,J g{uh g{kpapd; btg;gj;ijg; bghpJk; Fiwf;Fkhk;... v=;f rapd;!; Or;rh; brhd;dh=;f...
,e;j kuk; eLw ey;y fhhpaj;ij cldoah bjhl=;F=;f g{i$ nghl;Lwyhk;.

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fw;fz;L
Þò™
Þó‡´ Jiztpidfs;
ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjhpf
1. bghUj;jkhd tpilia vLj;J vGJf.
fjph; mYtyfj;jpypUe;J tpiuthf ............
mtd; igad; gs;spapypUe;J ,d;Dk; ............
m) te;jhd;/ tUfpwhd; M) te;Jtpl;lhd;/ tutpy;iy
,) te;jhd;/ tUthd; <) tUthd;/ tukhl;lhd;
tpil : M) te;Jtpl;lhd;/ tutpy;iy
1. bghUj;jkhd Jiztpidfisg; gad;gLj;Jf.

m) kdpjida[k; tpy=;Ffisa[k; (ntW) ntWgLj;JtJ bkhHpahFk;.
M) jpuhtpl bkhHpfs; rpy/ bghJg;gz;g[fis (bgW) bgw;wpUf;fpd;wd.
,) fhye;njhWk; jd;idg; (g[Jg;gpj;J) g[Jg;gpj;Jf;bfhs;Sk; bkhHp jkp[H;.
<) vd; Iaj;ijf; nfl;gjw;F vtnuDk; fpilf;fkhl;lhh;fsh vd;W (njL)
njof; bfhz;oUf;fpnwd;.
2. fPH;f;fhQk; Jiztpidfisg; gad;gLj;jpg; g[jpa bjhlh;fis vHJf.
m) ntz;Lk; ? Mrphpah; TWk; mwpt[iuiaf; nfl;f ntz;Lk; .
M) ghh; ? je;ij brhd;dJ rhpah jtwh vz;zpg;ghh;; .
,) cs; ? kdjpy; cs;sijr; brhy;f.
<) th ? nehpy; th ngrpf;bfhs;nthk;.
c) tpL ? jPa gHf;f=;fis tpl;L tpL.
3. gpwbkhHpr; brhw;fisg; gad;gLj;Jifapy; Jiz tpidfisr; nrh;f;fpnwhk;. gpwbkhHpr;
brhw;fisj; jkpH;r; brhw;fshf khw;wp/ Vw;w Jiz tpidfis ,l;L vGJf.
khh;dp=; vGe;J/ gpu&; gz;zp/ a{dpBghh;k; nghl;L !;TYf;Fg;
nghdhs;.
z fhiyapy; vGe;Jtpl;lhs;.
z gy; Jyf;fp Koj;jhs;.
z rPUil mzpe;J bfhz;lhs;.
z gs;swww.tnpscjob.com
pf;Fg; g[wg;gl;Lg; nghdhs;.
4. rpe;jid tpdh.
m) ntw;WbkhHpr; brhw;fisg; gad;gLj;Jifapy; Jiztpidfspd; g=;F Fwpj;Jr;
rpe;jpj;J vGJf.
ntw;W bkhHpr; brhw;fs; Jiztpid
ngdhit a{!; gz;Q. ngdhitg; gad;gLj;J.
fhk;gordpy; ghapd;l;i! kp!; nghl;oapy; ngr;Rf;fhd Fwpgg
; f
[ isj;
gz;zhky; ngR. jtwtplhky; ngR.
fpsh!; kp!;fpl;l o!;f!; gz;zp Kot[ tFg;g[ Mrphpahplk; fye;Jngrp Kot[itr;
brhy;fpnwd;. brhy;fpnwd;.
fhk;gorDf;fhd gpg;gpf;if mg;ghtplk; nghl;of;fhd jiyg;ig mg;ghtplk; fye;J

fd;!;y;l; gz;zp fl;Liu vGjp Mnyhrid bra;J tpl;Lf; fl;Liu vGjp
tUfpnwd;. tUfpnwd;.
thl;liu nt!;l; gz;zhnj. FoePiur; rpf;fdkhfg; gad;gLj;J.
M) re;ijapy; fha;fwpfis th=;Fk;nghJ c=;fSf;Fk; filf;fhuUf;Fk; elf;Fk;

ciuahliyj; Jiztpidfisg; gad;gLj;jp vGJf.
filf;fhuh; : th=;f ..... ehYehsh tuy.
ehd; : jpUr;rp nghapUe;njd;.
filf;fhuh; : nghdthuk; mk;kh te;jpUe;jh=;f.
ehd; : bt=;fhak; vd;d tpiy>
filf;fhuh; : 50 qgh.
ehd; : ntzhk;. new;W re;ijf;Fg; ngha; 5 fpnyh th=;fpg; nghl;nld;.
mLj;jthuk; th=;fpf;fpnwd;.
filf;fhuh; : eP=;f 280 qgha;f;F th=;fpapUf;fP=;f. (gzk; bgw;Wf; bfhz;lt[ld;)
(2000qgha; nehl;il th=;fpf;bfhz;L)
ehd; : gf;fj;Jf; filapny th=;fpf; bfhL=;f.
filf;fhuh; : ,U=;f/ th=;fp tur;brhy;fpnwd;.
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goj;Jr; Ritf;f.
g{ bkhHp
tPl;od gf;fj;jpy; epw;fpwJ xU kuk; mj;bjhdpapnyna mk;kh FHWfpwhs;
Tlj;Jr; rd;diya[k; flt[Sf;Fk; g[hpahj mt;t[iuahliyf; fpufpf;ff;
rikayiwr; rd;diya[k; Tlj;Jr; rd;dYf;Fk
tphpe;j fpisfshy; rikayiwr; rd;dYf;Fkha;f;
ghh;j;Jf; bfhz;oUf;fpwJ. fpisfspd; tHpna Xo Xof;
iffsirj;Jf; fhy;fSijj;Jf; ftdpf;fpwJ mzpy;.
Tlj;jpy; fplf;Fk; rpR bgUFk; brhw;fSk;
kpHw;WfpwJ xU brhy;iy mg{h;t vjph;tpidfSk;
rikayiwapy; mjPjf; FHg;gj;jpyhH;j;j
gzp Kide;jpUf;fpw mk;kh mzpy; Xof; fisf;fpwJ rd;dy;fSf;fpilna
mr;brhy;iyna ePs thf;fpa=;fshf;fpg; mh;j;j=;fis kuk; g{f;fshf bkhHpbgah;j;J
gjpy; mDg;g[fpwhs; mjd;kPJ cjph;j;jpf;bfhz;oUg;gJ bjhpahky;.
tpuy; ePl;or; rpR ngRfpwJ kPz;Lk; ? a{kh thRfp
mwp+h;fspd; bghd;bkhHpfisj; jkpHpy; bkhHp bgah;j;J vGJf.

1. Every flower is a Soul blossoming in nature - Gerard De Nerval
bkhHp bgah;f;f : vy;yhg; g{f;fSk; ,aw;ifapy; capUld; ,Uf;fpwJ.
gHbkhHp : khw;whd; njhl;lj;J ky;ypiff;Fk; kzk; cz;L.
2. Sunset is still my favourite colour, and rainbow is second - Mattie Stepanek
bkhHp bgah;f;f : Nhpa m!;jkdnk Kjypy; vdf;Fg; gpoj;j tz;zk;/ thdtpy;ypd;
tz;zk; mLj;j epiy jhd;.
gHbkhHp : njhy;tpna btw;wpf;F mog;gil (m) xd;wd; kiwtpy; ,Ue;nj
g[jpad njhd;Wk;.
3. An early morning walk is a blessing for the whole day - Henry David Thoreau
bkhHp bgah;f;f : mjpfhiy eilg;gapw;rp me;ehSf;nf xU tukhFk;.
gHbkhHp : ed;wha;j; bjhl=;Fk; bray; ed;whfnt Koa[k;. (m)
rpwe;j bjhlf;fnk btw;wpf;F mog;gil.
4. Just living is not enough .... one must have sunshine, freedom and a little flower - Hans
Christian Anderson
bkhHp bgah;f;f : btWikahd thH;t[ kl;Lk; nghjhJ xt;bthUtUf;Fs;Sk;; xsp/
Mw;wy;/ tpLjiy kyh; vd ,Uj;jy; ntz;Lk;.
gHbkhHp : ,yl;rpaKs;s thH;nt rpwe;j thH;thFk;/ btWk; thH;t[ tPnz.
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gpiH ePf;fp vGJf :

1. rh; Mh;jh; fhl;ld; fy;yizapd; fl;Lkhd cj;jpbfhz;Ljhd; bjsyP!;tuk; miziaf;
fl;oaJ.
rh; Mh;jh; fhl;ld; fy;yizapd; fl;Lkhd cj;jpbfhz;Ljhd; bjsyP!;tuk; miziaf;
fl;odhh;.
2. kjpaHfd; jPf;fhak; Vw;gl;l ,lj;jpy; cldoahfj; jz;zPh; bfhz;L Fspu itj;jhs;.
kjpaHfd; jPf;fhak; Vw;gl;l ,lj;jpy; cldoahfj; jz;zPh; bfhz;L Fspu itj;jhd;.
3. kiHna gaph;f;Tl;lKk; caph;f;Tl;lKk; thHg; bgUe;Jiz g[hpfpd;wd:
kiHna gaph;f;Tl;lKk; caph;f;Tl;lKk; thHg; bgUe;Jiz g[hpfpd;wJ.
4. ePyDk; khyDk; mtru fhyj; bjhlh;g[f;fhd bjhiyngrp vz;fspd; gl;oaiy
itj;jpUf;fpnwhk;.
ePyDk; khyDk; mtrufhyj; bjhlh;g[f;fhd bjhiyngrp vz;fspd; gl;oaiy
itj;jpUf;fpwhh;fs;.
5. Nwhtspapd; nghJ nky;khoapy; j=;fhky; jiuj; jsj;jpnyna j=;fpajhy; jg;gpg;ghd;.
Nwhtspapd; nghJ nky; khoapy; j=;fhky; jiuj; jsj;jpnyna j=;fpajhy; jg;gpj;jdh;.
gHbkhHpfisg; gad;gLj;jpr; brhw;bwhlh; mikf;f.
1. bey;Yf;Fg; gha;fpw jz;zPh; g[y;Yf;Fg; gha;tJ nghy.
bey;Yf;Fg; gha;fpw jz;zPh; g[y;Yf;Fg; gha;tJ nghy ey;yhh; brhd;d mwpt[iu
jPath;f;Fk; ngha;r; nrh;e;jJ.
2. jz;zPh; bte;ePh; MdhYk; beUg;ig mizf;Fk;.
beL+;rhiyapy; mogl;Lf;fple;jtiu taypy; ntiy ghh;jJ ; f; bfhz;oUe;jth;
fhg;ghw;wpaJ jz;zPh; bte;ePh; MdhYk; beUg;ig mizf;Fk; vdj; bjhpe;J bfhz;nld;.
3. bky;yg; gha[k; jz;zPh; fy;iya[k; fiuf;Fk;.
mg;gh Twpa mwpt[iu @h;f;fj;jdkhfr; bray;gl;l vd; mz;zida[k; bky;yg; gha[k;
jz;zPh; fy;iya[k; fiuf;Fk; vdj; jpUj;jpaJ.
4. fpzw;Wj; jz;zPiu bts;sk; bfhz;L nghfhJ.
njh;it Koj;Jtpl;L fphpf;bfl; nghl;of;Fr; bry;yyhk; vd;W mg;gh brhd;dijf; nfl;L
fpzw;Wj; jz;zPiu bts;sk; bfhz;L nghfhJ vdg; g[hpe;J bfhz;nld;.
tot khw;wk; bra;f.
ePh;r;RHw;rp Fwpj;j fUj;J tpsf;fg;glj;jpd; cl;bghUisg; g[hpe;Jzh;e;J gj;jpahf khw;wp
mikf;f.
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ePh;r;RHw;rp
nkw;fhQk; glj;jpy; cs;sJ nghy/ tha[ kz;lyj;jpy; cs;s ePh/; gdp kw;Wk; ciw
gdpapy; cs;s ePh; Nhpa btg;gj;jhy; Mtpahfp/ gpd; Fsph;ej ; fhw;why; nkfkhfp kiHbghHpe;J
epyj;ij mile;J. fly;/ MW/ epyj;jo ePh; ,tw;iwg; bgUf;FfpwJ. gpd;dh; kPzL ; k; fly;/;
MW/ jiuapy; cs;s ePh; epiyfs;/ epyj;jo ePh; Mfpait Nhpa xspahy; Mtpahf;fg; gLfpwJ.
Mtpahd ePhj ; j
; ptiyfs; nkfkhfp/ Fsph;eJ ; kPzL ; k; kiHahfp epyj;ijf; Fspur; bra;J
tsKila jhf;FfpwJ. kPzL ; k; ....... ,Jnt ,g;glk; tpsf;Flk; ePhr ; ; RHw;rp MFk;.
tuntw;g[ kly; vGJf:
Rw;Wr; NHiyg; ngzpf;fhf;Fk; gs;spfspd; thpirapy; khtl;lj;jpnyna rpwe;jjhf
c=;fs; gs;sp njh;e;bjLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjidf; bfhz;lhLk; tpHhtpy; fye;J bfhs;Sk;
khtl;lf; fy;tp mYtyUf;F tuntw;g[ kly; xd;iw vGJf.
tuntw;g[ kly;
,lk; : muR nkdpiyg; gs;sp/ bfhl;lhk;gl;o.
ehs; : jpUts;Sth; Mz;L n\tpsk;gp itfhrp 22 Mk; ehs;
05.06.2018 ? brt;tha;f;fpHik
neuk; : gpw;gfy; 3.00 kzp
Rw;Wr; NHiyg; ghJfhf;Fk; gs;spfspd; thpirapy; Kjyplk; bgw;w bfhl;lhk;gl;o
muR nkdpiyg; gs;spiag; ghuhl;Lk; tpHhtpw;F tUif jUk; khtl;lf; fy;tp mYtyh;
mth;fns-
gs; s pia tHp elj; j p eph; t hf nkyhz; i k bra; j njhL gs; s pf; F s;
@thapuj;Jf;Fk; nkw;gl;l ku=;fisg; guhkhpj;Jg; gs;spapd; Rw;Wr;NHy; ghJfhg;iga[k;
tHpfhl;oa gs;spj; jiyik Mrphpah; mth;fns- Mrphpag; bgUkf;fns- bgw;nwhh; Mrphpah;
fHfj; jiyth; mth;fns- khztr; bry;t=;fns- c=;fs; midtiua[k; gs;spf;FG
khzth; jiyth; vd;w Kiwapy; tuntw;fpnwd;. ,d;W Nd; jp=;fs; 5Mk; ehs; Rw;Wr; NHy;
jpdk;. ,tw;wpw;bfy;yhk; nkyhf khtl;lj;;jpnyna ek; gs;sp fpilj;jw;fhpa tpUjpidg;
bgw;w ehshFk;.
ek; khtl;lf; fy;tp mYtyh; @d;whz;LfSf;F Kd;ng Rl;of; fhl;odhh;.
,t; muRg;gs;sp mfd;w tshfk;: FoePUk; fpilf;fpwJ. epyj;jo ePUk; ed;whf
,Uf;fpwJ. ,Uf;fpd;w ku=;fSf;F jz;zPh; tpl;Lg; gRik Mf;F=;fs; gyd; fpilf;Fk;
vd;wPh;fs;- c=;fs; thf;F epiwntwpaJ. v=;fs; fdt[ epfH;e;njwpaJ. ,e;neuj;jpy; gs;sp
tsh;r;rpf;F cWJizahf ,Ue;J bghUs; cjtp bra;jspj;j bgw;nwhh; Mrphpah; fHfg;
bghWg;ghsh;fSf;F ed;wp.
v=;fs; gs;sp ntshz;ikg; gphpt[ khzth;fspd; cjtpa[k; khzth;fspd;
xj;JiHg;g[k; msg;ghpaJ. khtl;lf; fy;tp mYtyh;fspd; muR epjpa[jtp fpilj;jpl
kpFe;j xj;JiHg;g[ ey;fpajw;F ed;wpiaj; bjhptpj;Jf; bfhs;fpnwhk;.
midtUf;Fk; ed;wp-
,tz;/
f. md;gurd;/
gs;spf;FG khzth; jiyth;/
www.tnpscjob.com muR nkdpiyg; gs;sp/ bfhl;lhk;gl;o.
eak; ghuhl;Lf.
fy;Yk; kiya[k; Fjpj;Jte;njd; ? bgU=;
fhLk; broa[k; fle;Jte;njd;;"
vy;iy tphpe;j rkbtsp ? v=;Fk;ehd;
,w=;fpj; jtH;e;J jtH;e;Jte;njd;.
Vwhj nkLfs; Vwpte;njd; ? gy
Vhp Fs=;fs; epug;gpte;njd;;"
Cwhj Cw;wpYk; cl;g[Fe;njd; ? kzy;
Xilfs; bgh=;fpl Xote;njd;. ?ftpkzp
,yf;fpa eak; ghuhl;Ljy;
Mrphpah; Fwpg;g[ :
ftpkzp njrpa tpehafk; gps;is/ 1876 Mk; Mz;L ehfh;nfhtpYf;F mUfpy;
cs;s njqhpy; gpwe;jhh;. 1901 Mk; Mz;L bjhlf;fg; gs;sp Mrphpah; Mdhh;. mjd;gpd;
jpUtde;jg[uk; kfhuh$h bgz;fs; fy;Y}hpapy; jkpH;g; nguhrphpauhfg; gzpahw;wpdhh;.
1917 Mk; Mz;onyna ``kUkf;fs; tHp khd;kpak;~~ vDk; eifr;Rit E}ypid vGjp
btspapl;lhh;. kyUk; khiya[k;/ Mrpa n$hjp/ eh+;rpy; ehl;L kUkf;fs; tHp khd;kpak;/
ghurPff; ftp+h; ckh; fa;ahk; ghly;fis jkpHpy; bkhHp bgah;j;J btspapl;lhh;.
jpuz;l fUj;J :
,g;ghlypy;/ ftpkzp MW xd;W jd; tuyhW TWtJ nghy; ghoapUf;fpwhh;.
fw;fspYk; kiyfspd; cr;rpapypUe;J Fjpj;J te;njd; fhLfspYk; brofspYk; fle;J
te;njd;. rkbtspfspy; ,w=;fpj; jtH;e;J jtH;e;J te;njd;. nkl;Lg; gFjpfspYk;
Vwp te;njd;. gy Vhp/ Fs=;fis epug;gp kf;fs; gad;ghl;ow;fhf te;njd;. Cw;W tuhj
epyg;gFjpfspYk; cs;ns g[Fe;J te;njd;. Xil kzy;fspy; vy;yhk; Xog; gha;e;J
te;njd; vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;.
ikaf;fUj;J :
MW kiy cr;rpfspy; ,Ue;J g[wg;gl;L Xilfspy; bgh=;fpl Xote;njd; vd;W
Mw;wpd; tuyhw;iw thpirahfg; g[yg;gLj;Jfpwhh;.
vJif eak; :
rPh;njhWk; monjhWk; ,uz;lhk; vGj;Jfs; xd;wptuj; bjhFg;gJ vJifahFk;.
vJif eaj;ij ,dpikahfg; ghLfpwhh; ftpkzp.
rhd;W :
fy;Yk; .... vy;iy
Vwhj ...... Cwhj
nkhid eak; :
rPh;njhWk; monjhWk; Kjy; vGj;Jfs; xd;wp tuj; bjhLg;gJ nkhid MFk;.
nkhid eaj;ij Xira[ld; ghLtjpy; rpwe;J tps=;Ffpwhh; ftpkzp.
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rhd;W :
Vwhj ? Vwp
Cwhj ? Cw;wpYk; cl;g[Fe;njd;
Xilfs; ? Xo te;njd;.
brhy; eak; :
`tpUj;jk; vd;Dk; xz;ghtpw;F cah; fk;gd;~ vd;whw; nghy tpUj;jg;gh re;jj;jpy;
vGJk; Mw;wy; bgw;wth; ftpkzp. MW fle;J te;j ghijia mw;g[jkhfg; glk; gpoj;Jf;
fhl;Lfpwhh;.
Mw;wpd; nghf;fpw;nfw;g ahg;g[ tot=;fisf; ifahz;oUf;fpwhh;
Fjpj;J te;njd;
fle;J te;njd;
jtH;e;J te;njd;
Vwp te;njd;
epug;gp te;njd;
cl;g[Fe;njd;
Xo te;njd;.
Mw;wpd; ePnuhl;lj;jpw;nfw;g brhw;fis eldkhlr; bra;jpUf;Fk; ftp+dpd;
ftpa[s;sj;ijf; fhz KofpwJ.
,iag[ :
,r;bra;a[spd; <w;wofspy; `njd; njd;~ vd;W Koe;jpUg;gjhy; mHfhd ,iag[
eak; mike;J tps=;;Ffpd;wJ.
epiwt[iu :
fiug[uz;L XotUk; Mw;wpd; bts;sg; bgUf;if mHfpa ftpa[s;sj;njhL ek;
fz; Kd;nd tphpar; bra;JtpLfpwhh;/ ftpkzp.
brhy;Yf;Fs; brhy; njLf.

v.fh : Mw;w=;fiunahuk; ? MW / fiu / Xuk;
m) filbaGts;sy;fs; ? fil / vG / ts;sy;
M) vLg;ghh; ifg;gps;is ? vLg;ghh; / if / gps;is
,) jkpH;tpL J}J ? jkpH; / tpL / J}J
<). gha;kuf;fg;gy; ? gha; / kuk; / fg;gy;
c) vl;Lf;fhy;g{r;rp ? vl;L / fhy; / g{r;rp
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mfuhjpapy; fhz;f.
brhy; bghUs;
fe;jp ? fe;jfk;/ fGF/ jtg;bgz;/ thrk;
beoy; ? bel;blGj;J/ @=;fpy;
ghyp ? miz/ Mykuk;/ vy;iy/ xU ghi&/ ghw;gR/ brk;gUj;jp/ fiw
kfp ? g{kp/ gR
fk;g[s; ? fk;g=;nfhHp/ r=;F/ thdk;gho
ifr;rhj;J ? ifbaGj;J/ bghUs;gl;o
brhw;fis ,izj;Jj; bjhlh;fis tphpt[gLj;Jf.
v.fh : mhprp nghLfpnwd;.
tpil : g[wht[f;F mhprp nghLfpnwd;.
fhiyapy; g[wht[f;F mhprp nghLfpnwd;.
ehs;njhWk; fhiyapy; g[wht[f;F mhprp nghLfpnwd;.
ehd; ehs;njhWk; fhiyapy; g[wht[f;F mhprp nghLfpnwd;.
ehd; ehs;njhWk; fhiyapy; kwf;fhky; g[wht[fF ; mhprp nghLfpnwd;.
ehd; ehs;njhWk; fhiyapy; xUnghJk; kwf;fhky; g[wht[f;F mhprp nghLfpnwd;.
1. kiH bga;jJ.
khiyapy; kiH bga;jJ.
new;Wf; khiyapy; kiH bga;jJ.
ehs;njhWk; khiyapy; kiH bga;jJ.
ehs;njhWk; khiyapy; tplhky; kiH bga;jJ.
ehs;njhWk; khiyapy; tplhky; bjhlh;e;J kiH bga;jJ.
ehs;njhWk; khiyapy; jtwhky; kiH bga;jJ.
2. thdtpy;iyg; ghh;j;njd;.
khiyapy; thdtpy;iyg; ghh;j;njd;.
khiyapy; kiHbga;a[k; nghJ thdtpy;iyg; ghh;j;njd;.
ehd; khiyapy; kiHbga;a[k; nghJ thdtpy;iyg; ghh;j;njd;.
ehd; khiyapy; kiHbga;a[k; nghJ fpHf;Fg; gf;fk; thdtpy; ghh;j;njd;.
ehd; ehs;njhWk; khiyapy; kiHbga;ak [ ; nghJ fpHf;Fg; gf;fk; thdtpy; ghh;jn; jd;.
ehd; ehs;njhWk; khiyapy; kwf;fhky; kiHbga;ak [ ; nghJ fpHf;Fg; gf;fk; thdtpy; ghh;jn
; jd;.
3. FHe;ij rphpj;jJ.
bjhl;oypy; FHe;ij rphpj;jJ.
bjhl;oapy; mGj FHe;ij rphpj;jJ.
mk;khitg; ghh;j;jJ mGj FHe;ij rphpj;jJ.
mGj FHe;ij mk;khitg; ghh;j;J ghh;j;J rphpj;jJ.
mGj FHe;ij mk;khitg; ghh;j;J nkYk; bghf;iftha; jpwe;J rphpj;jJ.
mGj FHe;ij bjhl;oiy ePf;fpg; ghh;j;Jr; rphpj;jJ.
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4. vWk;g[fs; nghfpd;wd.
vWk;g[fs; nghfpd;wd.
vWk;g[fs; thpirahfg; nghfpd;wd.
vWk;g[fs; thpirahff; fy;ypy; nghfpd;wd.
vWk;g[fs; thpirahfg; g[w;Wf;Fs; nghfpd;wd.
rh;f;fiuia nehf;fp thpirahfg; nghfpd;wd.
mLf;fpy; cs;s rh;f;fiuia nehf;fp vWk;g[fs; nghfpd;wd.
5. glk; tiue;jhd;.
glk; tiue;jhd;.
mtd; mHfhf tiue;jhd;.
tpy=;Ffspd; gl=;fis tiue;jhd;.
,aw;ifiag; glk; tiue;jhd;.
,aw;if ku=;fisg; glkhf tiue;jhd;.
gof;Fk; gwitfisg; glkhf tiue;jhd;.
ntWgl;l tpidbar;r=;fisg; gad;gLj;jp/ Kjy;tpidfisj; Jiztpidfshf khw;Wf :
Kjy;tpidfs; ? ghh;j;njd;/ bfhLj;jhh;/ ele;jhd;/ nrh;e;jhh;/ mikj;njhk;.
v.fh : ghh;j;njd;
vGjpg; 1. vGjpg; ghh;j;njd;
jLf;fg; ghh;j;njd; 2. jLf;fg; ghh;j;njd;
bfhLj;Jg;
3. bfhLj;Jg; ghh;j;njd;
Xlg; 4. Xlg; ghh;j;njd;
m) bfhLj;jhh;
vGjpf;
1. vGjpf; bfhLj;jhh;
gof;ff; bfhLj;jhh; th=;fpf; 2. gof;ff; bfhLj;jhh;;
3. th=;fpf; bfhLj;jhh;
ghh;j;Jf;
4. ghh;j;Jf; bfhLj;jhh;
M) ele;jhd;
ghh;j;J 1. ghh;j;J ele;jhd;
nfl;L ele;jhd; th=;fp 2. nfl;L ele;jhd;
3. th=;fp ele;jhd;
rphpj;J
4. rphpj;J ele;jhd;
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,) nrh;e;jhh;
te;J 1. te;J nrh;e;jhh;
ngha;r; 2. ngha;r; nrh;e;jhh;
nrh;e;jhh; ele;J
3. ele;J nrh;e;jhh;
Xa;e;J 4. Xa;e;J nrh;e;jhh;
<) mikj;njhk;
ghh;j;J 1. ghh;j;J mikj;njhk;
fz;L mikj;njhk; nfl;L 2. fz;L mikj;njhk;
3. nfl;L mikj;njhk;
nrh;j;J 4. nrh;j;J mikj;njhk;
tpidaofis Kjy;tpidahft[k; Jiztpidahft[k; mike;j bjhlu;fshf
cUthf;Ff.
tpidao ? th/ ngh/ bra;/ khw;W/ ,U/ bfhL/ bfhs;/ vGJ/ tpL/ nghL.
v.fh : tpidao ? it
Kjy;tpid Jiztpid
@l;iliaj; jiyapy; itj;jhd;/ mk;kh FHe;ijiaj; J}=;f itj;jhh;.
,iyapy; ,dpg;ig itj;jdh;. ehd; cdf;F xU E}y; th=;fp itj;njd;.
vz; tpidao Kjy;tpid Jiztpid

1. th eP ehisf;F tPl;Lf;F th. M=;fpnyah; ek;ik Mz;L te;jdh;.
2. ngh ehd; E}yfj;Jf;Fg; nghndd;. ehd; gae;J nghndd;.
3. bra; mtd; mijr; bra;jhd;. mtd; mijr; bra;a itj;jhd;.
4. khw;W mtd; filia khw;wpdhd;. mtd; filia khw;wr; bra;jhd;.
5. ,U ehd; jdpahf ,Ue;njd;. mtidj; jdpahf ,Uf;fr; bra;njd;.
6. bfhL mts; bfhLj;jhs;. mtSf;Ff; bfhLf;fr; bra;jhd;.
7. bfhs; eP mijf; bfhs;. mtd; mij Vw;Wf; bfhs;sl;Lk;.
8. vGJ khwd; vGjpdhd;. ehd; mtid vGjr; bra;njd;.
9. tpL ahiua[k; cs;ns tplhnj. mg;gh ,dp te;JtpLthh;.
rhg;gpl;lt[ld; ,iyiar; RUl;og;
10. nghL bjhg;gpiaf; fPnH nghL.
nghl ntz;Lk;.
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@twpt[ila vWk;ng
MW mwpt[ilatDf;F
mwpt[ g[fl;Lfpwha;-
cd; viliaf; fhl;oYk;
vl;L kl=;F viliaj; J}f;fpr; bry;fpwhna-
eP Ch;e;J bry;yr; bry;y
fy; Tlj; nja[khnk>
kdpjg; gz;g[fspd; kfj;Jtj;ij
cd;dplj;jpy; ,Ue;J bjhpe;J bfhz;nlhk;.
bray;jpl;lk;
bfhLf;fg;gl;l ,izaj;js ,izg;gpy; cs;s fhbzhypiaf; fz;L mJ Fwpj;j
c=;fs; fUj;Jfis ,Ugf;f mstpy; vGjp tFg;giwapy; fye;JiuahLf.
https:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=0ReVrONNvoQ
epw;f mjw;Fj;jf...
vd; bghWg;g[fs; ...
m) jz;zPiur; rpf;fdkhfg; gad;gLj;Jntd;.
M) tFg;giwapy; ez;gh;fs; itj;jpUf;Fk; bghUs;fs; kPJ ehl;lk; ,Ue;Jk; mtw;iwj;
bjhhpahky; vLf;Fk; xG=;fw;w braiyr; bra;akhl;nld;.
,) miwia tpl;L btspna bry;Yk;nghJ kpd;tprpwp/ kpd;tpsf;Ffis epWj;jptpl;Lr;
bry;ntd;.
<) btw;Wf; fhfpj=;fisr; RUl;o tFg;giwf;Fs;Sk; gs;sp tshfj;jpYk;
nghlkhl;nld;.
c) gs;sp tshfj;Jf;Fs;spUf;Fk; ku=;fSf;F CW tpistpf;f khl;nld;.
C) Mrphpah;fsplj;Jk; bgw;nwhh;fsplj;Jk; kjpg;g[ld; ele;J bfhs;ntd;.
fiyr;brhy; mwpnthk;
z FkpHpf; fy; ? Conical Stone
z ePh; nkyhz;ik ? Water Management
z ghrdj; bjhHpyE
; l;gk; ? Irrigation Technology
z btg;g kz;lyk; ? Tropical Zone

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ciueil cyfk;
Þò™
Í¡Á VW jGt[jy;
ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjhpf
1. bghUe;jhj ,iz vJ>
m) VWnfhs; ? vUJfl;o M) jpUthqh;? fupf;ifa{u;
,) Mjpr;rey;Y}h; ? mupf;fnkL <) gl;okd;wk; ? gl;okz;lgk;
tpil: M) jpUthqh; ? fupf;ifa{u;
2. Kiwahd bjhlu; mikg;gpidf; Fwpg;gpLf.
m) jkpHu;fspd; tPutpisahl;L bjhd;ikahd VWjGt[jy;.
M) jkpHu;fspd; tPutpisahl;L VWjGt[jy; bjhd;ikahd.
,) bjhd;ikahd tPutpisahl;L jkpHu;fspd; VWjGt[jy;.
<) jkpHu;fspd; bjhd;ikahd tPutpisahl;L VWjGt[jy;.
tpil: <) jkpHu;fspd; bjhd;ikahd tPutpisahl;L VWjGt[jy;
3. brhw;bwhlu;fis Kiwg;gLj;Jf.
m) VWjGt[jy; vd;gij
M) jkpH; mfuhjp
,) jGtpg; gpoj;jy; vd;fpwJ
i) M/ m/ , ii) M/ ,/ m iii) ,/ M/ m iv) ,/ m/ M
tpil: i) M/ m/ ,
FWtpdh
1. eP=;fs; thGk; gFjpapy; VWjGt[jy; vt;thbwy;yhk; miHf;fg;gLfpwJ>
$(r)y;ypf;fl;L/ k+;R tpul;L/ VWjGt[jy;/ fhis tpul;L/ khLgpoj;jy;/ vUJfl;o/
VWtpLjy; vdg; gy;ntW tot=;fspy; VWjGt[jy; miHf;fg;gLfpwJ.
2. VWjGt[jy; epfH;tpw;F ,yf;fpa=;fs; fhl;Lk; ntWbgau;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
Ky;iyf; fypapy;/ VWjGt[jy; vd;Wk; rpyg;gjpfhuk;/ g[wg;bghUs; btz;ghkhiy Mfpa
E}y;fspy; `VWnfhs;~ vd;Wk; fz;Qilak;kd; gs;S vd;w rpw;wpyf;fpaj;jpy; `vUJfl;o~
vd VWjGt[jy; gw;wp Fwpf;fg; bgw;Ws;sd.
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3. VWjGt[jy; Fwpj;Jj; bjhy;ypay; rhd;Wfs; fpilj;j ,l=;fisg; gl;oaypLf.

VWjGt[jy; Fwpj;j gy eLfw;fs;/ g[ilg;g[r; rpw;g=;fs; jkpHfj;jpd; gy;ntW gFjpfspy;
fz;lwpag;gl;Ls;sd.
,l=;fs;:
1. nryk; khtl;lj;jpy; vUJ tpisaho kuzKw;wtd; bgauhy; vLf;fg;gl;l ``vUJ
bghUjhu; fy;~~ xd;W cs;sJ.
2. nfht[upr; r=;fd; fUte;Jiw vDk; Cupy; vUnjhL nghuho ,we;J gl;lhd;. r=;fd;
kfd; bgupa gay; vLj;j eLfy; xd;Ws;sJ.
3. ePyfpup khtl;lk; nfhj;jfpup mUfpYs;s fupf;ifa{upy; @d;W vUJfisg; gyu; To
tpul;LtJ nghd;w Xtpak; fhzg;gLfpwJ.
4. jpkpYld; Toa fhis xd;iw mlf;f Kay;tJ nghd;w Xtpak; kJiu crpyk;gl;o
mUnf fy;Y}j;J nkl;Lg;gl;oapy; fz;lwpag;gl;Ls;sJ.
rpWtpdh
1. ntshz; cw;gj;jpapd; gz;ghl;L milahs ePl;rpia tpsf;Ff.
VWjGt[jy;/ Ky;iy epyj;J kf;fspd; milahsj;njhLk;/ kUjepyj;J ntshz;
Fofspd; bjhHpy; cw;gj;jpnahLk;/ ghiy epyj;J kf;fspd; njitf;fhd nghf;Ftuj;Jj;
bjhHpnyhLk; gpize;jJ. ,Jnt ntshz; cw;gj;jpapd; gz;ghl;L milahskhf ePl;rp
mile;jJ.
2. VWjGt[jy;/ jpizepiy thH;t[ld; vt;tpjk; gpize;jpUe;jJ>
jkpHf cHth;fs;/ j=;fspd; cHt[ rhh;e;j fUtpfnshL mWtilf;Fg;
bghpJk; Jizepd;w khLfisg; ;nghw;wp kfpH;tpf;f Vw;gLj;jpa tpHhnt khl;Lg;
bgh=;fy;. mt;tpHhtpd;nghJ/ khLfisf; Fspg;ghl;o/ gy tz;z=;fspy; bghl;ol;L
@f;fzh=;fapW/ fGj;Jf; fapW/ gpo fapW midj;ija[k; g[jpjhf mzptpg;gu;. bfhk;g[fisg;
gprpW rPtp/ vz;bza; jltp/ fGj;J kzpahuk; fl;o/ bts;is ntl;onah Jz;nlh
fGj;jpy; fl;Lth;. gpd;dh; g{khiy mzptpj;Jg; bgh=;fypl;Lj; jk;nkhL ciHg;gpy;
<Lgl;l khLfSf;F ed;wp bjhptpf;Fk; tpjj;jpy; jspifg; bgh=;fiy Cl;otpLth;.
,jd; bjhlh;r;rpahf ntshz Fofspd; thH;nthLk; ciHg;nghLk; gpize;J fple;j
khLfSld; mth;fs; tpisaho kfpGk; kughf cUf;bfhz;lnj VWjGt[jyhFk;.
beLtpdh
1. VWjGt[jy; jkpHhpd; mwr;bray; vd;W nghw;wg;gLtjw;fhd fhuz=;fis tptupf;f.
,is+h;fspd; tPuk;:
tPuj;jpw;Fk; tpisr;rYf;Fk; brHpg;gpw;Fk; bry;tj;jpw;Fk; jkpHh; fshy;
milahsg; gLj;j g; g Lgit khLfs; . Ky; iy kw;Wk; kUj epy=;fspy; fhy; bfhz;L
jkpHh; jk; thHnthL gpd; dpg; gpize; J gz;ghlhfpa[s;sJ VWjGt[jy;. VWjGt[jy;
jkpHhpd; ehfhpfj; ij czh;jJ ; k; tpisahl;L" ,is+u;fspd; tPuj;ijg; bgUkpjg;gLj;Jk;
gz;g hl;L epfH;t[ . ,t; t pisahl; o y; fhisia mutizj;J mlf;F gtnu tPuuhfg;
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td;kKk;/ nghh;btwpa[k;:
nkiy ehLfSs; xd;whd !;bgapdpy;/ fhisr; rz;il njrpa tpisahl;lhff;
bfhz;lhlg;gLfpwJ. mjpy; fhisia mlf;fpf; bfhy;gtnd tPudhff; fUjg;gLthd;.
mt;tpisahl;oy; Ma[j=;fisg; gad;gLj;Jtu;. fhisia mlf;Fk; tPud; btd;whYk;
njhw;whYk; Ml;lj;jpd; Kotpy; fhis bfhy;yg;gLtJk; cz;L. nkiy ehLfspy;
Mz;L KGtJk; elj;jg;gLk; fhis tpisahl;L/ kdpjDs; xspe;jpUf;Fk; td;kj;ija[k;
nghh; btwpiaa[nk btspg;gLj;JtJ nghy; ,Uf;fpwJ.
md;g[k; tPuKk;:
jkpHfj;jpy; eilbgWk; VWjGt[jypy; fhisia mlf;Fgth;fs; ve;j
Ma[jj;ija[k; gad;gLj;jf;TlhJ. epfH;r;rpapd; bjhlf;fj;jpYk; KotpYk; fhisfSf;F
tHpghL bra;tu;. mlf;f Koahj fhisfSk; cz;L. vdnt/ fhisfSk; btw;wp
bgw;wjhff; fUjg;gLk;. md;iga[k; tPuj;ija[k; xUnru tsh;j;bjLf;Fk; ,t;tpisahl;oy;
fhisia mutizj;J mlf;Fgtnu tPuuhfg; nghw;wg;gLtu;.
TLjy; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjhpf
1. jpkpYld; Toa fhisbahd;iw xUth; mlf;f Kay;tJ nghd;w Xtpak; ............ y;
cs;sJ.
m) nfhj;jfphp M) fhpifa{h; ,) Mjpr;rey;Y}h; <) fy;Y}j;J nkl;Lg;gl;o
tpil: <) fy;Y}j;J nkl;Lg;gl;o
2. bghUe;jhj ,iziaj; njh;e;bjLf;f.
m) VWjGt[jy; ? jkpHfk;
M) fhisr;rz;il ? !;bgapd;
,) fk;gsh ? fh;ehlfk;
<) vUJfl;o ? kiyahsk;
tpil: <) vUJfl;o ? kiyahsk;
m) $y;ypf;fl;L M) khLtpLjy; ,) k+;Rtpul;L <) nrty; rz;il
tpil: <) nrty; rz;il
4. vGe;jJ Jfs;/ Vw;wdh; khh;g[
ftpH;e;jd kUg;g[ fy=;fpdh; gyh;
,t; mofs; ,lk; bgw;w E}y; vJ> vjidg; gw;wpf; TWfpwJ>
tpil: fypj;bjhif/ VWjGt[jy;
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epug;g[f
5. VWjGt[jy; gw;wpf; TWk; ,yf;fz E}y; ............ tpil: g[wg;bghUs; btz;ghkhiy
6. fhisg;nghh; Fwpj;j rhd;Wfs; fpilj;Js;s gpwehLfs; ............ tpil: vfpg;J/ fphPl; jPt[
7. fhisr; rz;ilia njrpa tpisahl;lhff; bfhz;l ehL ............ tpil: !;bgapd;
FWtpdh
1. `khl;Lg; bgh=;fy;~ ? Fwpg;g[ vGJf.
khLfisf; Fspg;ghl;og; gy tz;z=;fspy; bghl;ol;L/ @f;fzh=; fapW/
fGj;Jf; fapW/ gpo fapW midj;ija[k; g[jpjhf mzptpg;gh;. bfhk;g[fisg; gprpW rPtp/
vz;bza; jltp/ fGj;J kzpahuk; fl;o/ bts;is ntl;onah/ Jz;nlh fGj;jpy;
fl;Lth;. khLfSf;Fg; g{khiy mzptpj;Jg; bgh=;fypl;Lj; jk;nkhL ciHg;gpy; <Lgl;l
khLfSf;F ed;wp bjhptpf;Fk; tpjj;jpy; jspifg; bgh=;fiy Cl;Lth;.
2. VW jGt[jypy; ek; flik ahJ>
gz;ila tPut[zh;it epidt{l;Lk; VWjGt[jy; tpy=;Ffis
Kd;dpiyg;gLj;Jk; tHpghl;ila[k;/ ,aw;if ntshz;ikiaa[k; typa[Wj;Jk;
gz;ghl;Lf; FwpaPL MFk;. ek; Kd;ndhhpd; ,j;jifa gz;ghl;Lf; TWfisg; ngzpg;
ghJfhg;gJ ek; flikahFk;.
1. ,yf;fpa=;fs; fhl;Lk; VWjGt[jy; fhl;rpfis c=;fs; gFjpapy; eilbgw;w vUJ tpLk;

tpisahl;L epfH;t[ld; xg;gpl;L tFg;giwapy; fye;JiuahLf.
ciuahLgth;fs; : Mrphpah;/ fgpyd;/ mkpH;jd;.
Mrphpah; : fypj;bjhif/ Ky;iyf;fypapy; fhisfs; Kl;oa[k;/ nkhjpa[k;/ vjph;j;Jk;/
kz;oapl;Lk; tPuh;fisg;nghy; gha;e;jJ vd;gij mwpe;jPh;fs; my;yth-
mijg; nghy eP=;fs; fz;ldtw;iwf; TW=;fs;.
fgpyd; : ez;gh mkpH;jh- v=;fs; Ch; ry;ypf;fl;oy; vg;go thothriyj; jpwe;jt[ld;
ek; Mrphpah; TwpaJnghy fhisfs; ntfkhf te;jdty;yth-
mkpH;jd; : Mk; fgpyd;- vdf;F ghJfhg;g[ jLg;g[f;Fg; gpd; ,Ue;J ghh;f;fnt gakhf
,Ue;jJ. fypj;bjhif Twpa fhisfs; nghynt jpkpy; bgUj;J ,Ue;jJ
my;yth-
fgpyd; : Mk; mkpH;jh- vg;go kz;nkLfis vy;yhk; jhtp te;jJ ghh;j;jhah-
mkpH;jd; : Mk; fgpyd;- rhp- mjd; bfhk;gpy; Rw;wpa gzk; ahUf;F-
fgpyd; : ,J bjhpahjh mkpH;jh- mf;fhisia mutizj;J mlf;FgtUf;Fj;jhd;.
mkpH;jd; : Mk; fgpyh- ek; ,yf;fpaj;jpy; Twpaijg; nghynt Ma[jnk ,y;yhky;
mlf;fp/ btd;Wtpl;ldnu- kpf;f kfpH;r;rpaha; ,Uf;fpwjlh-
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2. c=;fs; Chpy; bgh=;fy; tpHh eilbgWfpwJ. mt;tpHhtpy; rhf;F Xl;lk;/ jtis Xl;lk;/
g[l;oapy; jz;zPu; epug;g[jy;/ ,ir ehw;fhyp/ cUisf; fpH=;F bghWf;Fjy;/ Crpapy;
E}y; nfhj;jy;/ nfhyk; nghLjy;/ fapW ,Gj;jy;/ bkJthf kpjptz;o Xl;Ljy;/ ghid
cilj;jy; Mfpa nghl;ofs; eilbgWfpd;wd. mg;nghl;ofs; Fwpj;J neuo tUzid
bra;f.
bgh=;fy; tpHh 2018
Cuhl;rp xd;wpak; ts;spa{u;/ jpUbey;ntyp khtl;lk;.
,lk; : tpisahl;lu=;fk; jiyik : Cuhl;rp kd;wj; jiytu;
ehs; : 15.1.2018 Kd;dpiy : jiyikahrpupau;/
neuk; : fhiy 8 kzp Cuhl;rp xd;wpa bjhlf;fg; gs;sp. ts;spa{h;.
epfH;r;rpepuy;
1. rhf;F Xl;lk;:
rpWth;fns- rpWkpah;fns- KjyhtJ epfH;r;rpahf gd;dpbuz;L taJf;Fl;
gl;lth;fSf;F ,g;nghl;o. rhf;Ff;Fs;s fhiy EiHj;Jf; bfhz;L Xo tu ntz;Lk;.
rhf;F ,y;nyd;D rhf;Fr; brhy;yhjP=;f. th=;f... nghl;of;F th=;f-
2. jtis Xl;lk;:
jz;zpapy;yh neuj;jpy; jtis v=;fpUe;J tUk;> mg;goD epidf;fhjP=;f-
Fl;of; Fl;oj; jtisfs; vl;o vl;og; ghf;FJ... jtisfns jt;tpj; jt;tpjhd; nghfDk;
ve;jpUr;rp Xlf; TlhJ- thpirapy; cf;fhU=;f... nghl;o bjhl=;FJ.
3. g[l;oapy; jz;zPu; epug;g[jy;:
kfsph; th=;f... c=;f rpf;fdj;ij ehd; fz;Lgpoj;Jr; brhy;nwd;. ifapy; jz;zPu;
vLj;J g[l;oapy; epug;g ntz;Lk;. jz;zPu; rpf;fdk; ,f;fdk; njit.
4. ,ir ehw;fhyp:
rpWth;fSf;F vd;W xUnghl;o rpWkpah;fSf;bfd xU nghl;o ghl;L
nfl;Lfpl;nl ftdj;njhL ehw;fhypapy; ,lk; gpof;ft[k;. ftdkhf eP=;f ,Uf;fpwP=;fsh...
xU njh;t[.
5. cUisf;fpH=;F bghWf;Fjy;:
,t;tpisahl;oy; ,uz;ow;F nkw;gl;l vj;jid egh;fSk; tpisahlyhk;.
rpy kPl;lh; ,ilbtspapy; ,U gf;fKk; thpirahf vj;jid egh;
tpisahLfpwhh;fnsh mj;jid fl;l=;fs; nghl ntz;Lk;. xU gf;fj;jpy; cs;s
fl;lj;jpw;Fs; njitf;nfw;g cUisf;fpH=;Ffs; itj;jpUf;f ntz;Lk;. vjph;gf;fj;jpy;
cs;s fl;lk; fhypahf ,Uf;fntz;Lk;;. kzp xypj;jt[ld; cUisf;fpH=;F ,Uf;Fk;
fl;lj;jpw;F Kd; epw;gth;fs; mjpypUe;J xd;W vLj;J jdf;F neh;vjpnu ,Uf;Fk;
fl;lj;jpw;Fs; bfhz;Lngha; itf;f ntz;Lk;. ,g;goahf xt;bthd;whf Xo te;J
vLj;J Kjypy; epug;g[fpwth;fs; btw;wpahsh;fshf mwptpf;fg;gLth;.
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6. Crpapy; E}y; nfhj;jy;:

mWgJ taJf;F nkw;gl;l jhj;jh ghl;of;Fj;jhd; ,e;jg;nghl;o. vLf;fnth>
nfhf;fnth> vLj;Jf; nfhf;f ntz;Lk;. rpWtuhf ,Uf;Fk;. nghnj fha;fwpfs;/ fPiu
tiffs; rhg;gpl;lhy; jhd; ,g;g nfhf;f Koa[k;.
7. nfhyk; nghLjy;:
bgz;fSf;fhd nghl;o. thrypy; nghLk; tz;zf; nfhy=;fs;- c=;fs; kd
vGr;rpfis me;j nfhyj;jpy; fhzyhk;. ,s=;fhiyg; bghGjpy; XnrhdpypUe;J tUk;
J}a fhw;W c=;fSf;F ,aw;if je;j ,d;gg; gupR.
8. fapW ,Gj;jy;:
ek;k Cu; ,is+u;fis ,uz;L mzpahfg; gpupj;J m=;nf fplf;fpw tlf;fapW
MSf;bfhU gf;fk; gpoj;J ,Gf;fDk;. ,Gf;Fk; nghJ fapW mWe;jh eh=;f bghWg;gpy;iy-
9. bkJthf kpjptz;o Xl;Ljy;:
ntfk;... irf;fps;/ tz;o/ thfd=;fs; vjpYnk ntfk;...ntfk;... Mdh ,=;nf
bkJthf Xl;lntz;Lk;. fhiy fPnH Cd;wpdhy; nghl;oapypUe;J ePf;fg;gLtPh;fs;/
ntfkhfg; nghdhYk; eLth;fs; nghl;oapypUe;J ePf;fpLthh;fs;. ftdkhfg; ngha; gupirg;
bgW=;fs;.
10. ghid cilj;jy;:
nkny ghid bjh=;Fk;. ePsfk;g[ jUnthk;. Mdh Jz;Ly c=;f fz;iz
,Wf;fkhff; fl;otpLnthk;. ghh;itahsh;fs; ftdkhf ,Uf;fntz;Lk;. ,is+h;fs;
ntfj;jpy; te;J c=;fs; jiyiag; gjk; ghh;j;J tplf; TlhJ-
vy;nyhUk; ghh;j;J kfpH;r;rpahf ,U=;fs;-

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ftpijg; ngiH
Þò™
Í¡Á kzpnkfiy
bjhpe;J bfhs;nthk;
Ik;bgU=;FG
mikr;rh; rl=;F gilj; J}jh;; rhuzh;

bra;tpg;nghh; jiyth; (xw;wh;)
fuzj;jpayth; ,t[sp kwth;

vz;nguhak; (Fjpiu tPuh;)
fUk fdfr; fil efu gilj; ahid

tpjpfs; Rw; w k; fhg; g hsh; khe;jh; jiyth; tPuh;
brhy;Yk; – bghUSk; :
rkaf;fzf;fh; ? rkaj; jj;Jtthjpfs; ghilkhf;fs; ? gybkhHp ngRk; kf;fs;
FHP, ? xd;WTo/ FGkp njhk; ? Fw;wk;
nfhl;o ? kd;wk; ntjpif ? jpz;iz
J}zk; ? J}z; jhkk; ? khiy
tpnyhjk; ? Jzpahyhd bfho brw;wk; ? rpdk;
trp ? kiH fyhk; ? nghh;/ fyfk;
Jiw ? ePh;epiyapd; Xu=;fs; kjiy khlk; ? bghpa khlk;
tpHt[kyp ? tpHhf;fs; kpFe;j
fjypiff; bfho ? rpW/ rpW bfho (rpwpJ rpwpjhf gy bfhofs;)
fhZd;W bfho ? bfhk;g[fspy; fl;Lk; bfho
JUj;jp ? Mw;wpilf;Fiw (Mw;wpd; eLtpy; cs;s kzy;jpl;Lfs;)
,yf;fzf; Fwpg;g[:
njhuztPjpa[k; ? vz;Qk;ik njhkW nfhl;oa[k; ? vz;Qk;ik
khw;Wkpd; ? Vty; tpidKw;W gug;g[kpd; ? Vty; tpidKw;W
cWbghUs; ? cupr;brhy; bjhlh; jhH;g{e;Jiw ? tpidj;bjhif
ed;bghUs; ? gz;g[j;bjhif jz;kzy; ? gz;g[j;bjhif
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ey;Yiu ? gz;g[j;bjhif
gh=;fwpe;J ? ,uz;lhk; ntw;Wikj;bjhif
fha;fF
; iyf; fKF ? ,uz;lhk; ntw;Wik cUg[k; gaDk; cld; bjhf;fj; bjhif
g{f;bfho ty;yp ? ,uz;lhk; ntw;Wik cUg[k; gaDk; cld; bjhf;fj; bjhif
Kj;Jj;jhkk ? ,uz;lhk; ntw;Wik cUg[k; gaDk; cld; bjhf;fj; bjhif
1. gug;g[kpd; ? gug;g[ + kpd; 2. miwe;jdd; ? miw + j;(e;) + j; + md; + md;
gug;g[ ? gFjp/ miw ? gFjp/
kpd; ? Kd;dpiyg; gd;ik j;(e;) ? MdJ tpfhuk;/
tpidKw;W tpFjp. j; ? ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy/
md; ? rhhpia/
md; ? Mz;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp.
ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjhpf
1. Ik;bgU=;FG/ vz;nguhak; ? brhw;bwhlu;fs; czu;j;Jk; ,yf;fzk;
m) jpirr;brhw;fs; M) tlbrhw;fs; ,) cupr;brhw;fs; <) bjhifr;brhw;fs;
tpil: <) bjhifr;brhw;fs;
FWtpdh
1. gHkzy; khw;Wkpd;" g[Jkzy; gug;g[kpd; ? ,l+;Rl;og; bghUs; tpsf;Ff.
,lk; : Tythzpfd; rPj;jiyr; rhj;jdhh; ,aw;wpa kzpnkfiyf; fhg;gpaj;jpy;
,lk;bgw;wpUf;fpwJ ,j;bjhlh;.
bghUs; : tpHhf;fs; epiwe;j ,k;@J}hpd; bjUf;fspYk; kd;w=;fspYk; giHa kziy
khw;wpg; g[J kziyg; gug;g[=;fs; vd;W Fwpg;gplg;gLfpwJ.
tpsf;fk; : kzpnkfiyf; fhg;gpaj;jpy; Kg;gJ fhijfSs; Kjy; fhijahf tps=;FtJ
tpHhtiw fhij MFk;. g[fhh; efupy; ,Ugj;bjl;L ehs; eilbgwf;Toa
,e;jputpHh bjhl=;f cs;sJ. ,e;j mwptpg;ig ahid kPJ mkh;e;J
Kuriwnthd; mwptpj;jhd;. tpHhf;fs; epiwe;j ,k;@J}hpd; bjUf;fspYk;
kd;w=;fspYk; giHakziy khw;wpg; g[jpa kziyg; gug;g[=;fs; vd;W
mwptpf;fpwhd;.
2. gl;okz;lgk;/ gl;okd;wk; ? ,uz;Lk; xd;wh> tpsf;fk; vGJf.
gl;okz;lgk; vd;gJ ,yf;fpa tHf;F. Mdhy; ,d;W eilKiwapy; gyUk; gl;okd;wk;
vd;nw Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;fs;. ngr;R tHf;Fk; Vw;Wf; bfhs;sg;gLfpwJ.
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``kfj ed;ehl;L ths;tha; nte;jd;~~

gifg; g[wj;Jf; bfhLj;j gl;okz;lgk; vdr; rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpYk;/
``gl;okz;lgj;Jg; gh=;F mwpe;J VWkpd;~~ vd kzpnkfiyapYk;
``gl;okz;lgk; Vw;wpid/ Vw;wpid"
vl;ondhL ,uz;Lk; mwpaidna~~ vd;W jpUthrfj;jpYk;
``gd;dUk; fiy bjhp gl;okz;lgk;~~ vdf; fk;guhkhazj;jpYk;
,r;brhy; gapd;WtUjiy mwpayhk;.
rpWtpdh
1. c=;fs; Cupy; eilbgWfpd;w tpHh Kd;ndw;ghLfis ,e;jputpHh epfH;t[fSld;
xg;gpLf.
cs;Ah; tpHh ,e;jputpHh
1. Ch; ehl;lhz;ik/kzpak; Ch;g; g[fhh; efhpy; ,e;jputpHh eilbgWtJ FwpjJ ;
bghpnahh;/ nfhapy; FUf;fs;/ Kjpnahh;/ Kuriwnthd; ehd;F tifg; gilfSk; NH
;,is+h;fs; vy;nyhUk; xU=;nf To mfd;w Kuriwe;J ``grpak [ ; gpzpak[ ; gifa[k;
nfhapy; Kd;ghf mkh;e;jdh;. eP=f; p trpak[ ; tsDk; Ruf;f~~ mwptpjj ; hd;.
may;ehl;odUk; murh;/ m ; ikr;rh; Ik;bgU=;FG/
vz;nguhak; mitapy; jpuz;oUe;jdh;.
2. Ch;j; jpUtpHhtpwF; ehs; Fwpjj; t[ld; Cu; njhuzk; fl;oa bjUf;fs;/ kd;w=;fspy; g{uz
rhl;ly;/ C
; u; EiHthapypny ntg;gpiy/ Fk;gk;/ bghw;ghypif/ ghit tpsf;F k=;fyg;
khtpiyj;njhuz=;fs;fl;Ljy;/tPLfSf;Fr; bghUs;fs; mHFgLj;jp itf;fg;gl;ld.
Rz;zhk;g[ g{Rjy; nfhapyf; Sf;F tz;zk; ghf;F kuk;/ thiHkuk; t+;rpf; bfho/
g{Rjy; Mfpa Kd;ndw;ghlhd Maj;jg; fUk;gf
[ isa[k; el;L itj;jdh;. j=;fj;
gzpfs; bra;jdh;. J}z;fspy; Kj;Jkhiyfs; bjh=;ftpll ; dh;.
3. Cutu; ntWghod;wp xw;Wikahf gl;okz;lgk; VWkpd;

gl;okd;w epfH;r;rp tHpahf r@fg; Cu; kd;w=;fspy; mtutu; rkaj;jpw;F cupa
gpur;ridfis tpthjpj;J jPu;t[ bghUis thjpl;Lj; jPu;t[ fz;ldh;.
fz;ldh;. jkpHfj;jpd; ghuk;ghpaf;
fiyfshd bjUf;Tj;J/ fufhl;lk;/
bgha;f;fhy; epfH;r;rpfs; elj;jpdh;.
4. cwtpdu;fisa[k; fUj;JkhWghL bfhz;l giftu;fsplk;

tpUe;jpdu;fisa[k; miHj;J nfhgKk; g{rYk; bfhs;shJ njtUk;
jpUtpHh epfH;r;rpfspYk; kf;fSk; xd;Wgl;L ,Ugj;bjl;L
g=;Fbfhs;sr; bra;jdu;. ehs;fspYk; cytp te;jdu;.
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TLjy; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjhpf
1. bgz;ikia Kjd;ikg;gLj;Jk; g[ul;rpf; fhg;gpak; ............
m) rPtfrpej
; hkzpM) rpyg;gjpfhuk; ,) kzpnkfiy <) tisahgjp
tpil: ,) kzpnkfiy
m) trp ? kiH M) nfhl;o ? kd;wk;
,) jhkk; ? khiy <) brw;wk; ? ,d;gk;
tpil: <) brw;wk; ? ,d;gk;
3. bghUe;jhjidj; njh;e;bjL.
m) J}jh; M) rhuzh; ,) gilj;jiyth; <) g[yth;
tpil : <) g[yth;
4. gpd;tUk; fUj;Jfspy; kzpnkfiy E}y; TWk; fUj;J ............
m) md;ng rptk; M) clk;ig tsh;j;njd; caph; tsh;j;njnd
,) grpa[k; neha[k; gifa[k; eP=;Ff <) ahJk; Cnu ahtUk; nfsph;
tpil: ,) grpa[k; neha[k; gifa[k; eP=;Ff
epug;g[f
5. ,e;jputpHhitf; Fwpg;gpLk; fhij ............ tpil: tpHhtiwfhij
6. kzpnkfiyapd; fhijfs; ............ tpil: 30
7. Tyk; vd;gjd; bghUs; ............ tpil: jhdpak;
8. ,s=;nfhtofs; rhj;jdhiu vt;thW g[fH;e;Js;shh;>
tpil: jz;lkpH; Mrhd; rhj;jd; ed;D}w; g[ytd;
rpWtpdh
1. `kzpnkfiy~ ? E}y; Fwpg;g[j; jUf.
nfhtyDf;Fk; khjtpf;Fk; kfshfg; gpwe;j kzpnkfiyapd; Jwt[ thH;f;ifiaf;
TWtjhy; kzpnkfiyj; Jwt[ vd;w bgaUk; kzpnkfiy E}Yf;F cz;L. bgsj;j rkar;
rhh;g[ilaJ. fij mog;gilapy; kzpnkfiyiar; rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpd; bjhlh;r;rpbadf;
TWth;. Kg;gJ fhijfisf; bfhz;l E}y;.
2. ~rPj;jiyr; rhj;jdhh;~ ? Fwpg;g[j; jUf.
z kzpnkfiyf; fhg;gpaj;ij ,aw;wpath; rPj;jiyr; rhj;jdhh;.
z rhj;jd; vd;w ,aw;bgah; bfhz;l ,th; jpUr;rpiar; nrh;e;j rPj;jiy
vd;w Chpy; gpwe;jth; vd;gh;.
z Tyk; vdg;gLk; jhdpa tzpfk; bra;jth;.
rPj;jiy rhj;jdhh;
z jz;lkpH; Mrhd;/ rhj;jd;/ ed;D}w; g[ytd; vd;w bgah;fSk; cz;L.
z rpyg;gjpfhuk; ,aw;wpa ,s=;www.tnpscjob.com
nfhtofSk;/ rhj;jdhUk; rkfhyj;jth;.
3. Ik;bgU=;FG/ vz;nguhaj;ij tpthp.

Ik;bgU=;FG
z mikr;rh;  J}jh;
z rl=;F bra;tpg;nghh;  rhuzh; (xw;wh;)
z gilj;jiyth;
vz;nguhak;
z fuzj;jpayth;  efukhe;jh;
z fUk tpjpfs;  gilj;jiyth;
z fdfr;Rw;wk;  ahid tPuh;
z filf;fhg;ghsh;  ,t[sp kwth;
beLtpdh
1. kzpnkfiy E}ypd; tpHhtiw fhijapy; brhy;yg;gLk; fUj;Jfisf; TWf.
,e;jpu tpHhitf; fhz te;njhh;:
z g[fhh; efhpy; cyfpay;/ jj;Jtk;/ tPLngW Mfpa bghUs;fis tpsf;Fgtuhfpa
rkathjpfs; To cs;sdh;.
z fhyf;fzpjh;/ flt[dh;/ gy bkhHp ngRk; mah;ehl;odh;/ Ik;bgU=;FG kw;Wk;
vz;nguhaj;ijr; nrh;e;jth;fSk; muritapy; xd;W jpuz;L cs;sdh;.
tpHh Kd;ndw;ghLfs;:
z njhuzk; fl;oa bjUf;fspYk;/ kd;w=;fspYk; g{uz Fk;gk;/ bghw;ghypif/ ghit
tpsf;F nghd;w k=;fyg; bghUs;fis mHFgLj;jp ita[=;fs;.
z Fiy Kw;wpa ghf;F kuj;ija[k;/ thiH kuj;ija[k;/ t+;rpf; bfhoiaa[k;/
g{=;bfhofisa[k;/ fUk;iga[k; el;L ita[=;fs;. tPLfspd; Kd; bjUj; jpz;izapd;
j=;fj; J}z;fspy; Kj;J khiyfisj; bjh=;f tpL=;fs;.
z bjUf;fspYk;/ kd;w=;fspYk; giHa kziy khw;wpg; g[jpa kziyg; gug;g[=;fs;.
Jfpy; bfhofis khl=;fspd; thapy;fspy; nrh;j;Jf; fl;L=;fs;.
gl;okz;lgk; VWf:
ge;jy;fspYk;/ Ch;kd;w=;fspYk; ey;yit gw;wpr; brhw;bghHpthw;W=;fs;.
rkaj;jpw;F chpa cl;bghUs; mwpe;J thjpLnthh; gl;okz;lg Kiwfisj; bjhpe;J
thjpl;Lj; jPh;t[ fhQ=;fs;.
rpdKk; g{rYk; iftpLf:
z gifthplk; nfhgKk;/ g{rYk; bfhs;shJ tpyfp epy;Y=;fs;.
z kzy; Fd;W/ g{+;nrhiy/ Mw;wpilf; Fiw/ epHy; jUk; jz;zPh;j; Jiwfspy;
eilbgWk; ,Ugj;bjl;L ehs; tpHh epfH;t[fspy; njtUk; kf;fSk; xd;Wgl;L
kfpH;t[ld; cyhtp tUth; vd;gjid ed;F mwpa[=;fs;.
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thH;j;J:
fhyhl; gilapdUk;/ njh;g; gilapdUk;/ Fjpiug; gilapdUk;/ ahidg;
gilapdUk; NH;e;J tu mfd;w Kurpid Kuriwnthd; miwe;jhd;.
``grpa[k; neha[k; gifa[k; eP=;fp kiHa[k; tsKk; v=;Fk; bgUFtjhf~~ vd;W thH;j;jp
Kuriwe;jhd;.
1. c=;fs; Cupy; eilbgWk; jpUtpHhtpw;fhd miHg;gpjH; xd;wpid totikf;f.
_ mUs;kpF nfhl;il khupak;kd; khrpg; bgUtpHh

jpz;Lf;fy;
jpUtpHh miHg;gpjH;
md;ghh;e;j nfhl;il khhpak;kd; gf;jnfhofns-
,e;jhz;L _n\tpsk;gp tUlk; khrp khjk; 11Mk; ehs; jpz;Lf;fy; mUs;kpF
_ nfhl;il khhpak;kd; khrpg; bgUtpHh eilbgWk;. mg;bghGJ fPH;f;Fwpj;j ehs;fspy;
gy;ntW epfH;r;rpfs; eilbgWk;. gf;jnfhofs; fye;J bfhz;L rpwg;gpf;FkhW md;g[ld;
nfl;Lf;bfhs;fpnwhk;.
,tz;/
eph;thff; FGtpdh;/
_ m/kp nfhl;il khhpak;kd;
khrpg; bgUtpHhf; FGtpdh;
jpz;Lf;fy;.
epfH;r;rp epuy;
ehs; epfH;r;rp rpwg;g[r; bra;gth;fs;

12.3.18 tpahHd; tpHh bfhonaw;wy;
13.3.18 bts;sp g{j;jkyh; g{r;brhhpjy; tpHh tzpfh;fs; r=;fk;
15.3.18 +hapW rhkp rhl;Ljy;
g[jd; ? bts;sp bfhokuj;Jf;F k+;rs; ePh; Cw;Wjy;
tpahHd; m=;Ftpyh!; tzpff; FGkj;jpd; m=;Ftpyh!;
kz;lfg;go g[ifapiyf; fk;bgdp
bts;sp g{f;FHp ,w=;Fjy; gf;jh;fs;
rdp jrhtjhuk; mUs; epfH;r;rpfs;
+hapW ehlfk;(bjUf;Tj;J) kUjg;gh FGtpdh;
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2. Fwpg;g[fisf; bfhz;L Xu; ,aw;iff; fhl;rpia tpupj;bjGJf.

g{+;nrhiy ? rphpf;Fk; kyh;fs; ? gRikahd g[y;btsp ? Tt[k; Fapy; ? tPRk; bjd;wy;
?tpisahLk; FHe;ijfs; ? mHfpa fhl;rpfs;.
me;jpthdk; brk;ik glu;e;J brf;fr; brnty; vdj; njhd;wpaJ. gr;ir
ku=;fslh;e;j nrhiy/ nrhiyfspy; g{r;brofs;/ brofs; njhWk; kyh;fs;/ mk;kyh;fs;
rphpg;ig cjph;f;Fk;. v=;Fk; kzk; gug;g[k; kfue;j=;fs;- tz;od=;fs; te;J mkUk;.
gr;irg; nghh;it nghh;j;jpaJ nghy; gRk;g[y; jiu/ g[y; Edp KGtJk; tufurp
xl;of; bfhz;lJ nghy; rpWrpW tpijfs;/ jdpikapy; mkh;e;J Tt[k; Fapy;/ nrhfj;ijf;
fPjkhf ,irf;Fk; kh=;Fapy;fs;-
bjw;Fg; gFjpapy; rpy;byd;W tPRk; bjd;wy; bghjpifr; re;jdj; jhJ bgh=;Fk;
thrid- gRk;g[y; jiuapy; v=;Fk; rpupj;jpLk; g{f;fs;- mHfpa FHe;ijfs; tz;z cilapy;-
,j;jifa ,aw;iff; fhl;rpfs;- `ìfg[ide;J ,aw;whf; ftpd; bgW tdg;g[ ,aw;if~~
vd;nd mHF- tz;zj; jpay;g[-

tphpthdk;
Þò™
Í¡Á mfHha;t[fs; gl;okd;wk;
ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjhpf
1. gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; jtwhd bra;jpiaj; jUk; Tw;W.
m) mupf;fnkL mfHha;tpy; nuhkhdpa ehza=;fs; fpilj;jd.
M) g[wg;bghUs; btz;ghkhiy vd;Dk; ,yf;fz E}ypYk; VWnfhs; Fwpj;Jf;
Twg;gl;Ls;sJ.
,) vl;L/ gj;J Mfpa vz;Qg; bgau;fspd; gpd; ty;ypdk; kpfhJ.
<) gl;okz;lgk; gw;wpa Fwpg;g[ kzpnkfiyapy; fhzg;gLfpwJ.
tpil: ,) vl;L/ gj;J Mfpa vz;Qg; bgau;fspd; gpd; ty;ypdk; kpfhJ.
FWtpdh
1. bjhy;ypay; Mjhu=;fs; fhzg;gLk; ,l=;fis mfHha;t[ bra;a ntz;Lk;. Vd;>
z bjhy;ypay; mfHha;t[ bra;jy; vd;gJ njh;e;bjLf;fg;gl;l epyg;gFjpapy; brJf;fpr;
brJf;fp Muha;jy; MFk;. mfHha;t[ tuyhW KGikbgw cjt[fpwJ.
z mfHha;tpy; fpilj;j bghUs;fs; ehk; thH;e;j fhyj;ij kl;Lkpd;wp ek; tuyhw;iwa[k;
czh;j;Jfpd;wd.
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rpWtpdh
1. tpaj;jF mwptpay; tputpf; fplf;Fk; epiyapy; mfHha;tpd; njit Fwpj;j c=;fsJ
fUj;Jfisj; bjhFj;Jiuf;f.
z mwptpay; cyfj;jpy; thH;e;J bfhz;oUf;fpnwhk;. giHa jiyKiwiag; gw;wpj;
bjhpe;J vd; bra;tJ> bry;yplg;ngrpf;Fs;ns cyfk; Rw;Wk; ntisapy; mfHha;tpy;
fpilf;Fk; bry;yhf; fhRfs; te;bjd;d bra;a Koa[k;> kof;fzpdp kiyf;f itf;fpwJ.
mijbay;yhk; tpl;Ltpl;L kz; XLfs; ,we;njhiur; Rke;j kz;jhHpfs; fz;lwpe;J
vd;d rhjpf;fKoa[k;> ,t;thW ,Uf;f/ mfHha;t[ vd;d bra;a ,Uf;fpwJ>
z mhpf;fnkL mfHha;tpy; nuhkhdpa kl;ghz;l=;fs; fpilj;jd. mjdhy;
nuhkhdpah;fSf;Fk; ekf;Fk; ,Ue;j tzpfj; bjhlu;g[ cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
z Mjpr;rey;Y}hpy; elj;jg;gl;l mfHha;tpy; Vuhskhd KJkf;fs; jhHpfs; fz;L
gpof;fg;gl;ld.
z ek; Kd;ndhh;fs; ,uz;lhapuk; Mz;LfSf;F Kd;ng mwptpay; mog;gilapyhd
gz;ghl;L thH;f;ifia thH;ejth;fs;. jkpHh;fspd; czt[/ cil/ thHplk; Kjypad
,aw;ifiar; rpijf;fhj ,ay;g[fisf; bfhz;lit vd;gjw;F mfHha;tpy; fz;l
rhd;Wfns Mtz=;fshfj; jpfH;fpd;wd.
beLtpdh
1. gz;ghl;Lf; TWfisg; ngzpg; ghJfhf;f ehk; bra;a ntz;oa bray;fisj; bjhFj;J
vGJf.
kdpjd; njhd;wpg; gy;yhapuk; Mz;Lfs; fle;Jtpl;ld. ,d;Wk; gz;ghl;L
mstpy; rpwe;j thH;it btspg;gLj;jpa jkpHh;fspd; tuyhw;iw mwpe;J bfhs;s
jkpHfj;jpd; bjhd;ikahd gFjpfisf; bfhz;Lk; kf;fs; gad;gLj;jpa gHikahd
fUtpfisf; bfhz;Lk; ,irf; fUtpfisf; bfhz;Lk; mwpa KofpwJ. mtw;iwg;
ngzpf; fhf;f ntz;Lk;. ,J ek; flikahFk;.
gz;ghl;Lf; TW ? VWjGt[jy;:
tPuj;jpw;Fk; tpisr;rYf;Fk; brHpg;gpw;Fk; bry;tj;jpw;Fk; jkpHh;fshy;
milahsg; gLj;jg;gLgit khLfs;. Ky;iy kw;Wk; kUj epy=;fspy; fhy; bfhz;L
jkpHh; jk; thH;nthL gpd;dpg; gpize;J gz;ghlhfp cs;sJ VWjGt[jy;. ,J jkpHh;fspd;
ehfhpfj;ij czh;j;Jk; tpisahl;L. ,is+h;fspd; tPuj;ijg; bgUkpjg;gLj;Jk;
gz;ghl;L epfH;t[. Kd;ndhh; tHpepd;W ,se;jiyKiwapdu; filg;gpof;f ntz;oa
xd;W" fhjYk; tPuKk; gHe;jkpHhpd; gz;ghl;Lj; jla=;fs;. tPuKk; md;g[k; VWjGt[jypd;
tpisepy=;fshf tps=;FfpwJ vd;gij tsUk; jiyKiwapdu;f;F vLj;Jf;fhl;l xU
tha;g;g[.
gz;ghl;Lf;TW ? mfHha;t[:
mfHha;t[ vd;gJ njh;e;bjLf;fg;gl;l epyg;gFjpapy; brJf;fpr; brJf;fp Muha;jy;
MFk;. Ma;t[ vd;gJ mwptpd; btspg;ghL. ekJ Kd;ndhh;fs; thH;e;J bgw;w gl;lwpit
tifg;gLj;jp bjhFj;Jg; ghh;g;gjw;Fj; bjhy;ypay; Ma;nt bgU=;fy;tpahf mikfpd;wJ.
gz;ghl;L vr;r=;fshfj; jpfGk; ,t;tifahd Ma;t[fisf; fz;L gadilayhk;.
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gz;ghl;Lf;TW ? jpUtpHhf;fs;:
fp.gp. 2 Mk; E}w;whz;nlhL bjhlh;g[ila g[fhu;efupy; bfhz;lhlg;bgw;w
,e;jputpHh rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpYk; kzpnkfiyapYk; tpthpf;fg;gLfpwJ. nfhapy; tpHhf;fspy;
gz;ghl;Lf; TWfshf cs;s xapyhl;lk;/ kapyhl;lk;/ ehjRuk;/ gujk;/ bgha;f;fhy; Fjpiu
Ml;lk; vdg;gy fiyfs; ele;njWfpd;wd. tpHh epfH;r;rpapy; gl;okd;wk;/ bjUf;Tj;J
ehlf=;fSk; eilbgWfpd;wd.
,j;jifa gz;ghl;Lf; TWfisa[k;/ fiyepfH;t[fisa[k; ngzpg; ghJfhj;J
,se;jiyKiwapdUf;Fk; ,dp tUk; jiyKiwapdUf;Fk; fhl;LtJ ek; flikahFk;.
TLjy; tpdhf;fs;
epug;g[f.
1. mwptpd; btspg;ghlha;j; jpfH;tJ ............ tpil: Ma;t[
2. gy;yhtuj;jpy; Ma;t[ ele;j Mz;L ............ tpil: 1863
beLtpdh
1. `mfHha;t[~ Fwpj;J ghlg;gFjp fUj;Jfisf; TWf.
Kd;Diu:
mfHha;t[ vd;gJ njh;e;bjLf;fg;gl;l epyg;gFjpapy; brJf;fpr; brJf;fp Muha;jy;
MFk;. Ma;t[ vd;gJ mwptpd; btspg;ghL. ekJ Kd;ndhh;fs; thH;e;J bgw;w gl;lwpit
tifg;gLj;jp bjhFj;Jg; ghh;g;gjw;Fj; bjhy;ypay; Ma;nt bgU=;fy;tpahf mikfpd;wJ.
gz;ghl;L vr;r=;fshfj; jpfGk; ,t;tifahd Ma;t[fisf; fz;L gadilayhk;.
fPHo mfHha;t[:
kJiu efUf;F mUnf cs;s fPHo vd;Dkplj;jpy; elj;jg;gl;l mfHha;tpy;
RLkz; bghUs;fs;/ cnyhfg; bghUs;fs;/ Kj;Jfs;/ fpsp+;ry; bghUs;fs;/ khd;bfhk;g[fs;/
nrhHpfs;/ fpz;z=;fs;/ Jisaplg;gl;l ghj;jpu=;fs;/ ,uj;jpdf;fy; tiffs;/ gGg;g[/ fWg;g[/
rptg;g[?fWg;g[g; ghidfs;/ rJu=;ff; fha;fs;/ jhdpa=;fisr; nrfhpf;Fk; fyd;fs;/ brk;g[/
r=;F tisay;fs;/ vYk;gpdhy; Md Th;Kidfs;/ jkpH; vGj;Jfs; bghwpf;fg;gl;l ghid
XLfs;/ fw;fUtpfs;/ ePh; nrfhpf;Fk; bghpa kl;fyd;fs;/ rpwpa FLitfs;/ ciwf;fpzWfs;/
RLkz; Tiu XLfs; nghd;w gy;ntW bjhy;ypay; bghUs;fs; fpilj;Js;sd.
@d;W btt;ntW fhyfl;l=;fisr; nrh;e;j ,tw;Ws; bjhd;ikahdit Rkhh; 2300
Mz;LfSf;F Kw;gl;lit vdf; fUjg;gLfpd;wd. ,Jtiu mfHha;t[ bra;ag;gl;l
bgUk;ghd;ikahd ,l=;fs;/ ,wg;g[j; bjhlh;ghd jla=;fis btspg;gLj;Jtdthf
mike;Js;sd. Mdhy;/ fPHoapy; fz;lwpag;gl;Ls;s KGikahd thH;tplg;gFjpa[k;/
br=;fy; fl;Lkhd=;fSk;/ ,jug; bghUs;fSk; jkpHhpd; cahpa ehfhpfj;ijf; fz;Kd;
fhl;Lk; rhl;rpfsha; mike;Js;sd.
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gy;yhtuk; mfHha;t[:
150 Mz;LfSf;F Kd;dhy; 1863Mk; Mz;L ,uhgh;l; g[q!;g[l; vd;Dk;
bjhy;ypay; mwp+h; brd;idg; gy;yhtuk; brk;kz; nkl;Lg;gFjpapy; vYk;iga[k;
fw;fUtpiaa[k; fz;Lgpoj;jhh;. ,e;jf; fw;fUtpjhd; ,e;jpahtpy; fz;blLf;fg;gl;l
Kjy; fy;yha[jk;. ,e;jf; fy;yha[jk; fz;Lgpof;fg;gLtjw;F Kd;ng/ nuhkhdpah;fspd;
gH=;fhRfisf; nfhitapy; fz;blLj;njhk;.
mhpf;fnkL:
mhpf;fnkL mfHha;tpy; nuhkhdpa kl;ghz;l=;fs; fpilj;jd. mjdhy;/
nuhkhdpah;fSf;Fk;/ ekf;Fk; ,Ue;j tzpfj; bjhlh;g[ cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
Mjpr;rey;Y}h;:
1914Mk; Mz;L Mjpr;rey;Y}hpy; elj;jg;gl;l mfHha;tpy; Vuhskhd
KJkf;fs; jhHpfs; fz;Lgpof;fg;gl;ld. cs;s=;ifapy; cyfk; ,Uf;fpwJ. kof;fzpdp
kiyf;f itf;fpwJ. ek; Kd;ndhh;fs; ,uz;lhapuk; Mz;LfSf;F Kd;ng/ mwptpay;
mog;gilapyhd gz;ghl;L thH;f;ifia thH;e;jth;fs;. jkpHh;fspd; czt[/ cil/
thHplk; Kjypad ,aw;ifiar; rpijf;fhj ,ay;g[fisf; bfhz;lit vd;gjw;F
mfHha;tpy; fz;l rhd;Wfns Mtz=;fshfj; jpfH;fpd;wd.
mfHha;tpd; gaDk; Kot[k;:
mfHha;tpy; fpilj;j Mtz=;fnsh mLj;j jiyKiwf;F ek; gz;ghl;od;
nkd;ikiag; giwrhw;Wk;. vdnt/ mfHha;t[ vd;gJ ekf;F kpfkpfj; njitahd
bray;ghL. mfHha;t[ jUk; rhd;Wfspd; @yk; ekJ tskhd tuyhw;iwa[k;
gz;ghl;ila[k; mwpe;Jbfhz;L typikahd vjph;fhyj;ij cUthf;f Koa[k;.
,aw;ifnahL ,ize;j gz;ghl;L thH;f;if ek;KilaJ. kf;fs; mwptpay; vd;fpw
kfj;jhd rpe;jidiag; g[hpe;Jbfhs;tjw;Fk; ekJ gz;ghl;od; nkd;ikfis ,d;iwa
jiyKiw vLj;Jf;bfhz;L rpwg;ghf thH;tjw;Fk; mfHha;t[ Jizepw;fpd;wJ.
1. ,is+h;fspilna gz;ghl;oid tsu;gg ; jpy; bgUk;g=;F tfpg;gJ FLk;gkh> r@fkh> ?

vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; brhw;nghu; epfH;j;Jf.
brhw;nghh;
fjhghj;jpu=;fs;
eLth; : fgpyd; ? jkpHhrphpah;/
FLk;gnk : mKjh (khztp)/ r@fnk : thzd; (khztd;)
eLth; : mitnahUf;F tzf;fk;-

,d;W ek; ,yf;fpa kd;w tpHhtpw;F tUif je;jpUf;Fk; midtUf;Fk; ,dpa
khiy tzf;fk;!
,d;iwa NHypy; ek; ,isa rKjhaj;Jf;F gy tha;g;g[fs;/ trjpfs; cyifg;
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gw;wp mwpa gy thapy;fs; cs;sd/ vdpDk; gz;ghl;ilf; fw;Wf; bfhLg;gJ vJ

vd Muha[k; nghJ xU brhw;nghh; elj;j ntz;Lk;. khzth;fspd; rpe;jidfis
mwpa ntz;Lk; vd;w mth vGe;jJ! mjdhy; cUthdnj ,j;jiyg;g[.
,g;nghJ FLk;gnk vd brhw;nghh; epfH;j;j tUfpwhh; mKjh.
mKjh : midtUf;Fk; ,dpa tzf;fk;...
Iah! `èy;ybjhU FLk;gk; gy;fiyf;fHfk;~~ vd;ghh;fs; ``rhd;nwhdhf;Fjy;
je;ijf;Ff; flnd~~ vd;ghh;fs;. bgw;nwhh;fns Kjy; Mrhd; ,tw;iwbay;yhk;
nfs;tpg;gl;oUg;gPh;fs;. ,e;jf; Tw;Wfs; vy;yhk; mjid czh;j;JfpwJ. xU
FHe;ij gpwe;J tsh;e;J tUk; FLk;gr; NH;epiyjhd; gz;ghl;oid tsh;g;gjpy;
bgUk;g=;F tfpf;fpwJ my;yth!
``ve;jf; FHe;ija[k; ey;y FHe;ijjhd; kz;zpy; gpwf;ifapny. mtd; ey;ytd;
MtJk; jPatd; MtJk; md;id tsh;g;gpdpny~~ vd;w ftp+dpd; mofisr;
rhd;whf;fp ew;gz;ghl;oid tsh;g;gJ FLk;gnk.... FLk;gnk... vd;W Twp vd;
brhw;nghiu epiwt[ bra;fpnwd;. ed;wp tzf;fk;-
eLth; : Mfh- mUikahd fUj;Jfs; th=;f thzd;! c=;fs; fUj;ij
typa[Wj;J=;fs; ghh;f;fyhk;.
thzd; : r@fnk
Iah! mKjh ve;j E}w;whz;oy; ,Uf;fpwhs; vd;nw bjhpatpy;iy! eP=;fns
brhy;Y=;fs;! xU FHe;ij 3taJ tiujhd; ,g;nghbjy;yhk; FLk;g guhkhpg;gpy;
,Uf;FJ! @Q tajpny r@fj;Jf;F te;JLJ Iah...
jd; Mrphpaiug; ghh;f;fpwJ. jd; rf khzt/ khztpaiu ghh;f;fpwhh;fs;.
tz;o Xl;Lk; Xl;Leh; Kjy; Mah tiu me;j FHe;ijf;Fs; xU jhf;fj;ij
Vw;gLj;Jfpwhh;fs;.
tsh;fpwhd;... r@fj;jpd; gy bra;jp rhsu=;fs; jpwf;fpd;wd. jd;ida[k; mwpahky;
mtw;iw Muha;fpwhd;" ed;ik jPik mwpfpwhd;;" mtd; kd typikiag;
bghWj;J gz;ghl;ilf; fhg;gtdhfnth my;yJ kPWgtdhfnth khWfpwhd;.
vdnt r@fnk bgUk;g=;F tfpf;fpwJ. ed;wp tzf;fk;-
eLth; : ,UtUila ciuiaf; nfl;Fk; nghJ/ gz;ghl;ilf; fw;Wf; bfhLg;gJ
FLk;gkhf ,Ue;jhYk; mjid tsh;j;bjLf;Fk; g=;F r@fj;ijna
rhh;e;jJ.... ed;wp tzf;fk;-
2. bjhy;ypay; Jiw rhu;e;j mYtyu; xUtuplk; neu;fhzy; epfH;j;Jtjw;fhd
tpdhg;gl;oaiy cUthf;Ff.
Iah/ tzf;fk;-
z jkpHfj;jpy; bjhd;ikahd gFjpfs; vd;W vg;go tiuaiwg;gLj;JtJ>
z fPHo Ma;t[ ve;j tuyhw;iw my;yJ gpd;g[yj;ij vLj;Jr; brhy;tjhf ,Uf;fpwJ
vd;gJ gw;wp tpsf;fpr; brhy;Y=;fnsd;.
z Iah- ,e;j gpuhkp vGj;Jfs; vd;gJ ve;j bkhHpf;FhpaJ>
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z Mjpr;rey;Y}hpy; elj;jg;gl;l mfHha;tpy; kl;Lk; Vuhskhd KJkf;fs; jhHpfs;

fz;Lgpof;fg; gl;Ls;sd vd;W Ma;twpf;if Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd. Vd; m=;Fkl;Lk; ,J
nghd;w jla=;fs; mjpfkhf cs;sd vd;gjw;Ff; fhuz=;fs; VnjDk; cz;lh>
z `mwptpay; kf;fSf;fhfnt~ vd;w bfhs;ifia rw;W tpsf;fpr; brhy;Y=;fnsd;.
z kJiuf;F mUfpy; cs;s fPHoapy; ,wg;g[j; jla=;fs; VnjDk; fpilj;Js;sjh>
z mfHha;t[ bra;af; Toa ,l=;fspy; bgUk;ghYk; ,wg;g[g; gw;wpa jla=;fs; mjpfkhff;
fpilj;jpUf;fpd;wd vd;W brhy;fpwhh;fs; ,jw;fhd fhuzj;ij tpsf;fpr; brhy;y
Koa[kh>
z flYf;Fs; Ma;t[fs; ,Jtiu bra;ag;gl;oUf;fpd;wdth> g{k;g[fhh; efu fly;
gFjpfspy; bra;ag;gl;l Ma;t[ nghy; ,d;iwa fhyf;fl;l=;fspy; Ma;t[
nkw;bfhs;sg;gl;ldth> mg;goahdhy; Ma;t[ nkw;bfhs;sg;gl;l nghJ vd;bdd;d
jla=;fs; ,Jtiu fz;Lgpof;fg;gl;Ls;sd>
,JtiuapYk; jh=;fs; Twpa mfHha;t[ gw;wpa bra;jpfs; gaDW tifapy;
mike;jpUe;jd.
kpf;f ed;wp-
3. c=;fs; CUf;F mUfpy; cs;s bjhd;ikahd ,lj;ijg; ghu;itapl;Lf; Fwpg;g[ vGJf.
v=;fs; CUf;F mUfpy; cs;s bjhd;ikahd ,lk; : tst{h;
Fwpg;g[fs;:
v=;fs; CUf;F mUfpy; 150 Mz;LfSf;F Kd; fly; nfhshy; bfhs;sg;gl;l
tst{h; vd;w Ciu mfHha;t[ bra;jdh;. ehd; m=;F brd;W ghh;j;j nghJ kpft[k; tpae;J
nghndd;.
mf;fhy kd;dd; fl;oa muz;kidg; gFjp bjhpe;jJ. kf;fs; tHpgl;l
bja;tj;jpUnkdp tpag;gpw;Fhpajha; mhpjhd cnyhfj;jhy; bra;ag;gl;oUe;jJ. mf;fhy
nghh;tPuh;fs; gad;gLj;jpa Ma[jk; rpije;Jnghd epiyapy; fpilj;jJ kf;fspd;
cil/ thH;tplk;/ gad;gLj;jpa mzpkzpfs; Mlk;gukha; ,Ue;jjw;fhd rhd;Wfs;
fpilj;jpUe;jd. gpwehLfSld; fly; thzpfk; nkw;bfhz;ljw;fhd rhd;WfSk;
,Ue;jd. ek; Kd;ndhh;fspd; fle;j fhyj;ij vz;zp tpae;njd;.

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fw;fz;L
Þò™
Í¡Á ty;ypdk; kpFk; ,l=;fs;
1. ty;ypdk; kpfykh>
m) bgl;or; bra;jp c) ijg; g{rk;
M) tpHhf; FG C) Tlf; bfhL;
,) fpspg; ngr;R v) fj;jpia tplf; Th;ik
<) jkpH;j; njd; V) fhh;g; gUtk;
2. bjhlu; jUk; bghUisf; TWf.
m) rpd;df;bfho ? rpd;dk; tiuag;gl;l bfho
rpd;d bfho ? rpwpa bfho
M) njhg;g[f;fs; ? njhg;gpypUe;J ,wf;fptug;gl;l fs;
njhg;g[fs; ? bjd;de;njhg;g[fs; gyt[z;L
,) filg;gpo ? bfhs;ifiaf; filg;gpog;gJ
filgpo ? thzpfk; bjhl=;ff; fil gpoj;jhu;
<) eLf;fy; ? milahskhf eLtJ" eLf;fy; Cd;wpndhk;.
eLfy; ? epidt[r; rpd;dk;
c) ifk;khW ? bra;j cjtp
ifkhW ? ifapy; cs;s khW(tpsf;FkhW)
C) bgha;r;brhy; ? eP brhd;dJ bgha;r;brhy;
bgha; brhy; ? bgha; brhy;tJ jtW
3. rpe;jid tpdh:
ehspjH;fs; rpytw;wpy; ty;ypdk; kpfntz;oa ,lj;jpy; kpfhky; vGjp tUtij
eP=;fs; ghu;j;jpUg;gPu;fs;. mt;thW vGJtJ bkhHpf;F tsk; nrh;f;Fkh> ty;ypdk; kpf
ntz;oajd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij vGJf.
mjw;f;F ? jtW
mjw;F = mJ + md; + F
mJ (Rl;Lg;bgah;) + md;(rhhpia) + F(ntw;Wik cUg[)
mjd; + F = mjw;F ? vd;gnj rhp
ty;byhw;Wf;F mUfpy; ,d;bdhU ty;ypdk; kpfhJ.
mjw;F vd;nw vGj ntz;Lk;
v.fh: ,e;jg; bghUs; ntz;lhk;. mjw;Fg; gjpyhf ,ij itj;Jf;bfhs;.
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filgpoj;jy; ? filg;gpoj;jy;
filgpoj;jy; ? filiag; gpoj;jy;
filg;gpoj;jy; ? gpd;gw;Wjy;
,jpy; filgpo vd;gJ filiag;gpo vd;W bghUs;/ mnj brhy;ypy; ty;ypdk;
kpFe;J `filg;gpo~ vd tUk; nghJ gpd;gw;Wjy; vd;Dk; bghUs; jUk;.
v.fh: nrfh; g[jpjhf thzpfk; bjhl=;ff; fil gpoj;jhh;.
eh=;fs; vd;Wk; J}a;ikiaf; filg;gpog;nghk;.
vdnt ty;ypdk; ,l;L vGJtjpy; ftdk; njit!
4. chpa ,l=;fspy; ty;ypd bka;fis ,l;Lk; ePf;fpa[k; vGJf.
gH=;fhy kf;fspd; ehfhpfk;/ gz;ghL bjhlh;ghd tuyhWfis mfHha;tpy;
fpilf;fpd;wg; bghUs;fSk; cWjpgLj;Jfpd;wd. gy;ntW ,l=;fspy; mfHha;t[fs;
nkw;bfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd. mt;tifapy; Ma;t[ eilbgWfpd;w ,l=;fspy; fPHoa[k;
xd;W.
fPHoapy; thH;e;j kf;fspy; gyh; r; bry;te;jh;fshf ,Ue;Js;sdh; vd;gij
mfHha;tpy; fpilj;jg; bghUs;fs; ekf;F czh;j;Jfpd;wd. ,=;F f; Fiwthd
vz;zpf;ifapy;jhd; j=;f j; jpdhyhdg; bghUs;fs; fpilf;fpd;wd.
nkYk; ,Uk;igg; gad;gLj;jp r; bra;j f; nfhlhp/ Fj;jPl;ofs;/ Kjyhd
fUtpfSk; ahidj;je;jj;jpdhy; bra;j r; rPg;g[/ nkhjpuk;/ gfil/ fhjzpfs;. fz;zhog;
bghUs;fspy; cUthf;fpa kzpfs;/ tisay;/ njhLg; nghd;wita[k; fpilj;Js;sd.
goj;Jr; Ritf;f.
Muhnuh Mupuhnuh Muhnuh Mupuhnuh
J}=;fhj fz;nz cidj; J}=;f itg;ngd; Mupuhnuh
khk;gHj;ijf; fPwp taYf;F cuk;nghl;Lj;
njd; ghu;j;J bey;tpisa[k; bry;te;jdhu; g[j;jpundh-
bts;spj;nju; g{l;o nkfk;nghy; khLfl;o
ms;spg; goasf;Fk; mjpu;&;lKs;s g[j;jpundh
Kj;Jr; rphpg;gHfh Ky;iyg;g{g; gy;yHfh
bjhl;oy; fl;oj; jhyhl;l J}f;fk; tUnkhlh
fjpuWf;Fk; neuj;jpny fl;oa[d;idj; njhspypl;lhy;
kjpaj;J btapypny kaf;fKk;jhd; thuhnjh
taypny ntiy bra;ntd; tug;gpdpny nghl;oLntd;
taiytpl;L VWKd;dk; tha;tpl;L mGthnah>
? ehl;Lg;g[wg;ghl;L/ jftyhsu;: ntyk;khs;
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bghd;bkhHpfis bkhHp bgah;f;f.

1. A nation’s culture resides in the hearts and in the soul of its people -Mahatma Gandhi
ek; ehl;oDila gz;ghl;oid kf;fs; midtUk; jk; ,ja=;fspYk;/ Mj;khtpYk;
epiyj;jpUf;fr; bra;a ntz;Lk;.
2. The art of people is a true mirror to their minds - Jawaharlal Nehru
kf;fspd; fiy czh;nt mth;fspd; cs;sj;ijg; gpujpgypf;Fk; fz;zho
3. The biggest problem is the lack of love and charity - Mother Teresa
md;g[ brYj;Jjy;/ jh;kk; bra;jy; ,tw;wpd; Fiwghnl/ kpfg;bghpa gpur;ridaha; cs;sJ.
4. You have to dream before your dreams can come true - A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
c=;fs; fdt[ edthFk; tiu/ fdt[ fhQ=;fs;.
5. Winners don’t do different things; they do things differently - Shiv Khera
btw;wpahsh;fs; tpj;jpahrkhd bray;fisr; bra;tjpy;iy khwhf xt;bthU braiya[k;
tpj;jpahrkhf bra;fpwhh;fs;.
totk; khw;Wf
gpd;tUk; fUj;Jfis cs;th=;fpf; bfhz;L/ thpirg;gLj;jp Kiwahd gj;jpahf;Ff.
1. cyfpd; kpfg;bghpa fy;kug; gokKk; ,=;nfjhd; fz;blLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
2. ilndhru;fs; cyhtpj; jphpe;j jkpH;kz; vd;W mupaY}u; bguk;gY}u; khtl;l=;fs;
mwpag;gLfpd;wd. bguk;gY}u; khtl;lj;jpy; fly;gFjp ,Ue;Js;sJ vd;gij m=;Ff;
fpilj;Js;s Mjhu=;fs; cWjp bra;fpd;wd.
3. ,=;Ff; fy;yhfpg; nghd ilndhru; Kl;ilfs;/ ghiwg; gokkhff; fpilj;j fly;
ej;ij/ ilndhrupd; thy;gFjp/ fly; fpsp+;ry;fspd; ghiwg; gok=;fs; nghd;wit
fpilj;Js;sd.
4. jkpH;kf;fspd; bjhd;ikia kPl;blLg;gJld; ehk; thH;fpd;w epyg;gFjpapd;
tuyhw;iwa[k; bjupe;Jbfhs;s mupaY}Uk; bguk;gY}Uk; mupa Cu;fsha;j; jpfH;fpd;wd.
tpil:
4jkpH; kf;fspd; bjhd;ikia kPl;blLg;gJld; ehk; thH;fpd;w epyg;gFjpapd;
tuyhw;iwa[k; bjupe;Jbfhs;s mupaY}Uk; bguk;gY}Uk; mupa Cu;fsha;j; jpfH;fpd;wd.
2 ilndhru;fs; cyhtpj; jphpe;j jkpH; kz; vd;W mupaY}u;/ bguk;gY}u; khtl;l=;fs;
mwpag;gLfpd;wd. bguk;gY}u; khtl;lj;jpy; fly;gFjp ,Ue;Js;sJ vd;gij m=;Ff;
fpilj;Js;s Mjhu=;fs; cWjp bra;fpd;wd. 3 ,=;Ff; fy;yhfpg; nghd ilndhru;
Kl;ilfs;/ ghiwg; gokkhff; fpilj;j fly; ej;ij/ ilndhrupd; thy;gFjp/ fly;
fpsp+;ry;fspd; ghiwg; gok=;fs; nghd;wit fpilj;Js;sd. 1 cyfpd; kpfg;bghpa
fy;kug; gokKk; ,=;nfjhd; fz;blLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ
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kug[ ,izr; brhw;fisj; bjhlupy; mikj;J vGJf.

v. fh : nkYk; fPGk;:
Mupg; brhd;djpy; ek;gpf;if ,y;yhky; Fkhu; nkYk; fPGk; ghu;j;jhd;.
1. nkLk; gs;sKk;:
nrup kf;fspd; thH;f;if nkLk; gs;sKk; bfhz;ljhf ,Uf;fpwJ.
2. efKk; rija[k;:
Kk;jh$%k; jkpHurpa[k; efKk; rija[k; nghy ,izgphpahj; njhHpfs;.
3. KjYk; Kot[k;:
,J nghd;w jtWfs; KjYk; Kot[k; Mf ,Uf;fl;Lk; vd;W Mrphpah; mth;fspUtiua[k;
vr;rhpj;jhh;.
4. nfspf;ifa[k; ntof;ifa[k;:
v=;fs; Cu;j; jpUtpHh nfspf;ifa[k; ntof;ifa[k; epiwe;jjhf ,Ue;jJ.
5. fz;Qk; fUj;Jk;:
md;gHfd; fz;Qk; fUj;Jkhfg; goj;Jj; nju;tpy; Kjy; kjpg;bgz; bgw;whd;.
bjhFg;g[iu vGJf.
gs;spapy; eilbgw;w ,yf;fpakd;w tpHh epfH;;r;rpfisj; jpul;oj; bjhFg;g[iu cUthf;Ff.
jkpH; ,yf;fpa kd;w tpHh
,lk; : tpj;ahghh;j;jp nkdpiyg; gs;sp/ rPyg;gho/ jpz;Lf;fy; ?5.
ehs; : jpUts;Stuhz;L/ _tpsk;gp tUlk;/ itfhrp 23.
06.06.2018 g[jd;fpHik
bjhFg;g[iu:
jpz;Lf;fy; khtl;lk;/ rPyg;gho/ tpj;ahghu;j;jp nkdpiyg;gs;spapy; jkpH; ,yf;fpa
kd;wf; Tl;lk; gpw;gfy; 3.00 kzpastpy; bjhl=;fp eilbgw;wJ. ,e;;epfH;;r;rpf;F gs;spj;
jiyik Mrpupau; $hf;Fypd; nkup jiyik jh=;fpdhu;. gs;spj; jhshsu; lhf;lu;. Mu;.
fpU&;z@u;j;jp Kd;dpiy tfpj;jhu;. khtl;l mstpy; jkpH;g; ngr;Rg; nghl;oapy; Kjyplk;
bgw;w 12Mk; tFg;g[ khzth; ,d;g tz;zd; tuntw;g[iu epfH;j;jpdhu;. ,yf;fpa=;fspy;
vt;thW ,d;gr;Rit mike;J ,Uf;fpwJ vd;gJ gw;wpg; ngrpdhu;. Kd;dpiy tfpj;Jg;
ngrpa gs;spj; jhshsu; fpU&;z@u;j;jp Kf;Tlw;gs;S nghd;w rpw;wpyf;fpa=;fspy; ,d;gr;
RitnahL eifr;Rita[k; ,Uf;fpwJ vd;gJ gw;wpg; ngrpdhu;.
jiyik Mrphpau; jiyik ciuapy; ,yf;fpaj;jpy; ghLbghUs; vt;thbwy;yhk;
fhyj;jpw;nfw;whw; nghy; khwp te;jpUf;fpwJ vd;gij vLj;Jf;fhl;og; ngrpdhu;.
rpwg;g[r; brhw;bghHpthw;wpa jpz;Lf;fy; I. ypnahdp mth;fs;/ xd;ghd; Ritfis
tpsf;fp eifr;Rit czh;nthL ``,yf;fpaj;jpy; ,d;gr;Rit~~ vDk; jiyg;gpy; ,yf;fpa
tpUe;J gilj;jhu;.
epiwthf/ ,yf;fpakd;wr; brayu; 12Mk; tFg;g[ khztp md;g[r; bry;tp
ed;wpa[iu Mw;wpdhu;.
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gj;jpiag; goj;J tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspf;f.

bjd;dpe;jpahtpd; milahsr; rpd;dkhff; fh=;nfak; khLfs; nghw;wg;gLfpd;wd.
jkpHf khl;od=;fspd; jha; ,dk; vd;W `fh=;nfak;~ fUjg;gLfpwJ. gpwf;Fk;nghJ
rptg;g[ epwj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; fh=;nfak; khLfs;/ MW khjk; tsu;e;j gpwF rhk;gy;
epwj;Jf;F khwptpLfpd;wd. gRf;fs; rhk;gy; my;yJ bts;is epwj;jpy; ,Uf;fpd;wd.
kpLf;fhd njhw;wj;Jf;Fg; bgau;bgw;w fh=;nfak; ,df; fhisfs; VWjGt[jy;
epfH;tpw;Fk; bgau; bgw;Ws;sd. mj;Jld;/ Vu; cGtjw;Fk; tz;o ,Gg;gjw;Fk; mjpfk;
gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
fLikahf ciHf;ff;Toa fh=;nfak; khLfs; nfusk;/ fu;ehlfk;/ Me;jpuk; Mfpa
khepyj;jtuhy; tpUk;gp th=;fpr; bry;yg;gLfpd;wd. ,y=;if/ gpnurpy;/ gpypg;igd;!;/
knyrpah Mfpa ehLfSf;Fk; Vw;Wkjp bra;ag;gLfpd;wd. fqu; mkuhtjp Mw;Wj;
Jiwapy; fh=;nfak; khLfspd; cUtk; bghwpj;j fp.K. Kjy; E}w;whz;ilr; nru;e;j nruu;
fhy ehza=;fs; fz;blLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
tpdhf;fs;:
1. gpd;tUk; ehd;F tpdhf;fSf;Fk; bghUe;Jk; xU tpiliaj; jUf.
m) kpLf;Fj; njhw;wj;jpw;Fk; VWjGt[jYf;Fk; bgau; bgw;wit vit>
M) jkpHf khl;od=;fspd; jha; ,dk; vd;W fUjg;gLtJ ahJ>
,) gpw khepyj;jtu; tpUk;gp th=;fpr; bry;fpd;w fhis ,dk; vJ>
<) nkw;fz;l gj;jp vijf; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ>
tpil: fh=;nfak; ,df; fhisfs;
2. bghUe;jhj brhy;iyf; fz;lwpf.
m) fu;ehlfk; M) nfush ,) ,y=;if <) Me;jpuh
tpil: ,) ,y=;if
3. gphpj;J vGJf: fz;blLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
m) fz;L + vLf;fg;gl;L + cs;sd. M) fz;L + vLf;fg; + gl;Ls;sd.
,) fz;blLf;f + gl;L + cs;sd. <) fz; + blLf;f + gl;L + cs;sd.
tpil: m) fz;L + vLf;fg;gl;L + cs;sd.
4. bjd;dpe;jpahtpd; milahsr; rpd;dkhff; fh=;nfak; khLfs; nghw;wg;gLfpd;wd ? ,J
vt;tifj; bjhlu;>
m) tpdhj; bjhlu; M) fl;lisj;bjhlu;
,) bra;jpj;bjhlu; <) czu;r;rpj;bjhlu;
tpil: ,) bra;jpj;bjhlu;
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bkhHpnahL tpisahL
bghUs; vGjpj; bjhluikf;f.
fiu/ fiw" Fstp/ FHtp" this/ thiH" guit/ gwit" kiu/ kiw"
miy flyiy ,d;W flyiyapd; ntfk; kpf mjpfkht[s;sJ.
miH tutiHj;jy; vd; ez;gu;fis tutiHj;Js;nsd;
fiu Mw;wpd; Xuk; Mw;w=;fiuapy; bjd;id ku=;fs; brHpjJ
; tsh;eJ
; cs;sd.
fiw gotJ fiw rl;ilapy; fiw goe;Js;sJ.
Fstp g{r;rp tiffSs; xd;W thry; epiyg;goapy; Fstp TLfl;oapUf;fpwJ.
FHtp FHe;ij FHtp kU=;fpDk; fpHtjhFk; (gps;isj;jkpH;)
this kPd;fspy; xUtif ePu; epiyfspy; this kPd; Js;spf; Fjpj;jJ.
thiH thiH kuk; jpUkzg; ge;jypy; thiH ku=;fs; fl;odu;.
guit gue;Js;s fly; kJiuf;Fg; gf;fj;jpYs;s rpw;W}u; guit.
gwit gwg;git fhiyg; bghGjpy; gwitfs; ghLk;.
kiu khd;/ jhkiu jhkiu ePh; epiyapy; kyUk;.
kiw ntjk; ntjghl rhiyapy; ehd;kiw Xjg;gl;ld.
mfuhjpapy; fhz;f.
,ait/ re;jg;ngiH/ rpl;lk;/ jfH;t[/ bgshp
,ait : tHp/ @=;fpy; mhprp/ Jtiu/ njhiu bey;/ fhL
re;jg;ngiH : re;jdg; bgl;o
rpl;lk; : E}y; rpl;lk;/ vhpe;J fUfpaJ/ bgUik mwpt[/ ePjp/ cah;e;J
jfH;t[ : mfH;/ mwpt[/ cz;fyk;
bgshp : bgUk; gz;tif.
bghUs;jUk; tifapy; brhw;bwhlu; cUthf;Ff.
bfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s brhw;fisf; bfhz;L bghUs;jUk; tifapy; xU
brhy;ypy; bjhliuj; bjhl=;Ff. mj;Jld; mLj;jLj;Jr; brhw;fisr; nrh;j;J/ g[jpa
g[jpa brhw;bwhlu;fis cUthf;Ff. ,Wjpj; bjhlu; midj;Jr; brhw;fisa[k; nru;j;jjhf
mika ntz;Lk;.
fhy=;fspy; bjUtpy; itf;fhjPh;fs; fhg;g[f; fk;gpfs; ftdf; Fiwt[ld;
Mfpatw;wpd; kPJ fhiy mWe;j kiHf; kpd;fk;gpfs;.
tpil:
1. itf;fhjPh;fs;
2. kiHf; fhy=;fspy; mWe;j kpd;fk;gpfs; fhg;g[f; fk;gpfs; kPJ fhiy itf;fhjPh;fs;
3. kiHf; fhy=;fspy; bjUtpy; mWe;j kpd;fk;gpfs; fhg;g[f; fk;gpfs; kPJ fhiy itf;fhjPh;fs;
4. kiHf; fhy=;fspy; bjUtpy; mWe;j kpd;fk;gpfs; fhg;g[f; fk;gpfs; kPJ ftdf; Fiwt[ld;
fhiy itf;fhjPh;fs; www.tnpscjob.com
FWf;bfGj;Jg; g[jph;
1V 2, e; 3 jp 4u tp Hh
W 5j t u 6 rh
7j t is 8X l; l k; y
G 9 rp 10 tp jp
t[ a; 11 M h; dh j j; 12 rh
j fh 13 kh 14 t o
y; h; 15 f f; 16 f
a; 17 ah dp 18 j 19 nfh s;
,lkpUe;J tyk;
2. tpHhtiw fhij Fwpg;gpLk; tpHh (6)
5. rup vd;gjw;fhd vjpu;r;brhy; jUk; vGj;Jfs; ,lk; khwpa[s;sJ (3)
7. bgh=;fy; tpHhitbahl;o elj;jg;gLk; rpWtu;fSf;fhd nghl;ofspy; xd;W (7)
10. CH; vd;gjw;Fj; jw;fhyg; gad;ghl;oy; cs;s brhy; (2)
13. kh + mo ? ,jd; g[zu;e;j totk; (3)
19. bfhs; vd;gjd; Kjy;epiy jpupe;j bjhHpw;bgau; (2)
tykpUe;J ,lk;
9. J}a;ikaw;w FUjpia vLj;Jr; bry;Yk; ,uj;jf; FHha; (2)
11. Muha;r;rp vd;gjd; brhw;RUf;fk; (3)
12. kzpnkfiy fhg;gpaj;jpd; Mrpupau; (5)
16. ry;ypf;fl;L tpisahl;Lf;Fhpa tpy=;F (2)
18. jdp + Ms; ? nru;j;J vGJf. (4)
nkypUe;J fPH;
1. jkpHu;fspd; tPu tpisahl;L (7)
2. ,ts; + I ? nru;e;jhy; fpilg;gJ(3)
3. kuj;jpy; fha;fs; ... ... .. Mff; fha;j;jpUe;jd (4)
5. cupr;brhw;fSs; xd;W (2)
6. .. ... ... ...... rpwe;jJ(2)
8. neu;jijf; Fwpg;gpLk; thdpay; brhy; (2)
12. mfHha;tpy; fpilj;j bfhs;fyd;fSs; xUtif (4)
15. fha; gGj;jhy;... ... .... (2)
fPHpUe;J nky;
14. xUtu; gw;wp xUtu; gpwuplk; ,ij itf;ff; TlhJ (3)
17. ah Kjy; tUk; tpdhg;bgau; (2)
18. jftpyu; vd;gjw;F vjpu;r;brhy;yhfj; jpUts;Stu; Fwpg;gpLtJ (4)
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fhl;rpiaf; fz;L ftpDw vGJf. gf;fk;: 86
1. gujk; ghujj;jpd; gz;ghl;Lf; fiyahFk;.

2. jkpHfj;jpd; ,irf;fUtpfSs; ehjRuKk;; xd;W. jtpy; njhw; fUtpfSs; xd;W.
3. jk;g[uh RUjp jtwhky; ,Ug;gjw;F ,irf;fg;gLtJ.
4. giw/ njhy; fUtpfSs; bjhd;ikahdJ. ey;yJf;Fk; bfl;lJf;Fk; ,irapy;
Ez;zpa ntWghL cz;L.
5. jkpH;ehl;Lg; bgz;fspy; vz;z=;fis thry; Kd; btspg;gLj;JtJ. vhpa[k;
Fj;Jtpsf;F k=;fyk; rpd;d=;fspy; xd;W.
6. jkpHh;fspd; fhjYk; tPuKk; ,Ufz;fs;/ fhisia mlf;fp bgz;izj; jpUkzk;
bra;jdh;. ,BJ xU gz;ghl;L epfH;t[.
bray;jpl;lk;
jkpH;ehl;oy; mfHha;t[ nkw;bfhs;sg;gl;l ,l=;fs; Fwpj;j bra;jpfis/ ehspjH;fspnyh
g[j;jf=;fspnyh jpul;or; bra;jpg; glj;bjhFg;gpid cUthf;Ff.
bjhy;ypay; gw;wpa bra;jpfs;:
njdp khtl;lk;/ ngho/ rp.gp.V./ fy;Y}hp tuyhw;Wj;Jiw kw;Wk; ghz;oaehL
gz;ghl;L ika bjhy;ypapay; Jiw @yk;/ ,e;j Ma;t[ ele;jJ.
cjtp nguhrphpah;/ khzpf;fuh$; TwpajhtJ:
nj.fy;Yg;gl;o mUnf/ ftrnfhl;il fpuhkj;jpy;/ gz;iznkL vdg;gLk;/
mf;u\hunkL gFjpapy; jkpHhpd; bjhd;ikia fz;lwpa[k; nehf;fpy;/ Ma;t[
nkw;bfhz;nlhk;. ,jpy;/ jkpHhpd; bjhd;ik vGj;J totkhd/ jkpH;/ `gpuhkp~ vGj;Jf;fs;
bghwpj;j/ fUg;g[/ rptg;g[ tz;zKila ghid XLfs;/ KJkf;fs; jhHp/ RLkz;
bghk;ikfs;/ kz;ghz;l=;fs; fz;lwpag;gl;Ls;sd.
ghid XLfspy;/ fp.gp. 1 kw;Wk; 2k; E}w;whz;il nrh;e;j/ jkpH; gpuhkp vGj;J
totk; ,lk; bgw;Ws;sJ. bjhlh; vGj;Jfs; fpilf;fhjjhy;/ KGtJk; goj;J mwpa
Koatpy;iy. ,=;F fhzg;gLk; br=;fy;fs;/ fPHo mfH;tha;t[ fl;Lkhdj;jpy; ,Ue;j
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br=;fy;fspd; mikg;ig nghd;nw fhzg;gLfpwJ. Jthu=;fs; cs;sJ ,jd; rpwg;g[.

kw;bwhU ghid Xl;oy;/ kPd; cUtk; bghwpj;Js;sJ.
KJkf;fs; jhHpfspd; nkw;F gFjpapy; tl;ltotkhd my=;fhu=;fs; @d;W
kw;Wk; ehd;F mLf;fpy; bghwpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
jhHpapd; tpspk;g[ gFjpapy; fapW nghd;w my=;fhu FwpaPLfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
,it kz;ghz;l=;fs; RLtjw;F Kd; tiuag;gl;lit vd bjhpfpwJ.
tphpthd bjhy;ypapay; Ma;t[ nkw;bfhz;lhy;/ gz;ila jkpHh;fspd;
rpwg;g[fisa[k;/ thH;tpay; Kiw/ ehfhPfj;ija[k; gz;ghl;L milahs=;fisa[k;
btspf;bfhzu Koa[k;. ,t;thW mth; Twpdhh;.
epw;f mjw;Fj;jf...
ehd; ghuhl;Lg; bgw;w NHy;fs;
m) TLjyhf kPjk; bfhLj;j filf;fhuhplk; me;jg; gzj;ij kPz;Lk; mspj;jnghJ.
M) fl;Liu VLfisf; fPnH jtwtpl;l vd; MrpupaUf;F mij vLj;Jj; je;jnghJ.
,) efug; ngUe;J epiyaj;jpy; tHpnfl;l bgupatUf;F tHpfhl;oa nghJ.
<) gs;spf;Fr; brd;W bfhz;oUe;jnghJ Kjpathpd; gGjhfp epd;w ,Urf;fu thfdj;ijr;
bra;j nghJ.
epiwt[iu :
tpj;ahde;jd; vGjpa ,e;E}y; gy fiyr; brhw;fisa[k; tpsf;Ffpd;wJ.

www.tnpscjob.com
thH;tpay;
Þò™
Í¡Á jpUf;Fws;
cyfg; gz;ghl;ow;Fj; jkpHpdj;jpd; g=;fspg;ghf mike;j E}y;/
jpUf;Fws;. ,dk;/ rhjp/ ehL Fwpj;j vt;tpj milahsj;ija[k;
Kd;dpiyg;gLj;jhj cyfg; bghJkiw ,e;E}y;. ,J Kg;ghy;/
bghJkiw/ bgha;ahbkhHp/ tha[iwthH;j;J/ bja;tE}y;/ jkpH;kiw/
KJbkhHp/ bghUSiw nghd;w gy bgah;fshy; miHf;fg;gLfpwJ.
jUkh;/ kzf;Flth;/ jhkj;jh;/ er;rh;/ ghpjp/ ghpnkyHfh;/ jpUkiyah;/
ky;yh;/ ghpg;bgUkhs;/ fhsp=;fh; Mfpa gjpd;kuhy; jpUf;FwSf;F
Kw;fhyj;jpy; ciu vGjg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,t;t[iufSs; ghpnkyHfh; jpUts;Sth;
ciuna rpwe;jJ vd;gh;. ,e;E}y; gjpbdz;fPH;f;fzf;F E}y;fSs; xd;W. ,e;E}iyg;
nghw;Wk; ghly;fspd; bjhFg;ng jpUts;Stkhiy.
gpw mwE}y;fisg; nghy; my;yhky; bghJ mwk; ngQk; jpUf;Fwis ,aw;wpath;
jpUts;Sth;. ,tUf;F ehadhh;/ njth;/ Kjw;ghtyh;/ bja;tg;g[yth;/ ehd;Kfdhh;/
khjhdg=;fp/ bre;jhg;nghjhh;/ bgUehtyh; nghd;w rpwg;g[g; bgah;fs; cz;L.
bghiwa[ilik
Fws; 1 : mfH;thiuj; jh=;Fk; epyk;nghyj; jk;ik
,fH;thu;g; bghWj;jy; jiy.
tpsf;fk; : jd;idj; njhz;Lgtiuj; jh=;Fk; epyk;nghyj; jd;id ,fH;gtiug;
bghWg;gJ jiyrpwe;jJ.
,yf;fzf; Fwpg;g[ mwpjy; :
mfH;thu;/ ,fH;thu; ? tpidahyiza[k; bgau;
bghWj;jy; ? bjhHpw;bgau;
bghWj;jy; – bghW + j;; + j;; + my; mfH;thh; – mfH; + t; + Mh;/
bghW – gFjp mfH; – gFjp
j; – re;jp t; – vjph;fhy ,ilepiy
j; – rhhpia Mh; – gyh;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp
my; – bjhHpw;bgah; tpFjp
,f;Fwspy; ctikazp gapd;Wte;Js;sJ.

Fws; 2 : jpwdy;y jw;gpwu; bra;apDk; nehbehe;J
mwdy;y bra;ahik ed;W
tpsf;fk; : gpwh; jdf;Fj; juf;Tlhj Jd;gj;ijj; je;jhYk; kdk; behe;J mwk; my;yhj
bray;fisr; bra;awww.tnpscjob.com
hik rpwg;g[f;FupaJ.

jpwk; ? jpwd; ? kfuj;jpw;F dfuk; nghyp/ mwk; ? mwd; ? kfuj;jpw;F dfuk; nghyp/
bra;ahik ? vjph;kiwj; bjhHpw;bgau;
jk;gpwh; ? (jkf;Fg; gpwu;) F – ehd;fhk; ntw;Wikj; bjhif
neh ? beh ? Kjdpiy jphpe;j bjhHpw;bgah; beh ? XbuHj;J xUbkhHp ehw;gj;jpuz;lDs;
xd;W
Fws; 3 : kpFjpahd; kpf;fit bra;jhiuj; jhk;jk; gf;fk;: 88

jFjpahd; btd;W tply;.
tpsf;fk; : brUf;fpdhy; Jd;gk; je;jtiu ek;Kila bghWikahy; bty;y
ntz;Lk;.
btd;Wtply; ? `my;~ <w;W tpa=;nfhs; tpidKw;WtpFjp
tply; ? tpL + my;
tpL ? gFjp/
my; ? my; <w;W tpa=;nfhs; tpidKw;W tpFjp
jPtpid mr;rk;
Fws; 4 : jPait jPa gaj;jyhy; jPait
jPapDk; m+;rg; gLk;.
tpsf;fk; : jPr;braiy vtu; bra;jhnuh mtUf;nf mJ Jd;gj;ijr; bra;a[k;. bjhl;lhy;
kl;Lnk Rl;blupf;Fk; jPiaf; fhl;oYk; epidj;j mstpny Rl;blupf;Fk;
Mw;wy; cs;sJ jPr;bray;. mjw;fhf m+;r ntz;Lk;.
bghUs; mwpjy; :
jPait ? jPikahd bray;
gaj;jyhy; ? jUtjhy;
jPapDk; ? beUg;ig tpl
Fws; 5 : kwe;Jk; gpwd;nfL NHw;f NHpd;
mw+;NGk; NH;e;jtd; nfL.
tpsf;fk; : kwe;Jk; Tlg; gpwUf;Ff; bfLjy; bra;a epidf;ff; TlhJ. epidj;jhy;/
epidj;jtUf;Ff; bfLjy; bra;a mwk; epidf;Fk;.
NHw;f ? tpa=;nfhs; tpidKw;W/
NH;e;jtd; ? tpidahyiza[k; bgau;
nfL ? bfL > nfL Kjdpiy jpupe;j bjhHpw;bgau;
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gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk; mwpjy; :

NHw;f ? NHy; (w;) + f
NHy; ? gFjp y; > w; MdJ tpfhuk;
f ? tpa=;nfhs; tpidKw;W
nts;tp
Fws; 6 : bry;tj;Js; bry;tk; brtpr;bry;tk; mr;bry;tk;
bry;tj;Js; vy;yhe; jiy.
tpsf;fk; : bry;tj;jpy; rpwe;jJ brtpahy; nfl;lwpa[k; nfs;tpr;bry;tk;. mJ gpw
tHpfspy; tUk; bry;t=;fistplj; jiyrpwe;jJ.
mzp : ,f;Fwl;ghtpy; gapd;WtUk; mzp brhw;bghUs; gpd;tUepiyazp MFk;.
mzpapyf;fzk; :
Fwspy; te;j brhy;ny kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; te;J xnu bghUis czh;j;jpdhy;
mJ brhw;bghUs; gpd;tUepiyazp MFk;.
mzpg;bghUj;jk; :
,f;Fwl;ghtpy; `bry;tk;~ vd;Dk; brhy; gyKiw te;J `nfs;tp~ vd;Dk; xnu
bghUisj; jUtjhy; ,J brhw;bghUs; gpd;tUepiyazp Mapw;W.
Fws; 7 : vidj;jhDk; ey;yit nfl;f midj;jhDk;

Md;w bgUik jUk;.
tpsf;fk; : vt;tst[ rpwpjhdhYk; ey;tw;iwf; nfl;lhy;/ nfl;l mst[f;Fg; bgUik
cz;lhFk;.
Fws; 8 : Ez=;fpa nfs;tpau; my;yhu; tz=;fpa

thapdu; Mjy; mupJ.
tpsf;fk; : rhd;nwhupd; El;gkhd mwpt[iufisf; nfshjth;fs; gzpt[ilatuhf
,Uf;f khl;lhu;fs;. mj;jifatuplkpUe;J gzpthd brhw;fis vjpu;ghu;f;f
KoahJ
nfs;tpau; ? tpidahyiza[k; bgau;
thapdu; ? tpidahyiza[k; bgau;
Ez=;fpa = EQ=;F + ,(d;); + a; + m tz=;fpa = tz=;F + ,(d;) + a; + m
Ez=;F – gFjp/ tz=;F – gFjp/
,(d;) – ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy ,(d;) – ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy
dfuk; g[zh;eJ
; bfl;lJ tpfhuk; dfuk; g[zh;eJ
; bfl;lJ tpfhuk;
a; – cld;gL bka; re;jp a; – cld;gL bka; re;jp
m – bgabur;r tpFjp m – bgabur;r tpFjp
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Fws; 9 : brtpapw; Rita[zuh tha[zu;tpd; khf;fs;

mtpapDk; thHpDk; vd;.
tpsf;fk; : nfs;tpr; Ritia czuhky; ehtpd; Ritia kl;Lk; czu;gtu;
,we;jhy;jhd; vd;d- ,Ue;jhy;jhd; vd;d-
mtpapDk; thHpDk; ? vz;Qk;ik
bjhpe;J bjspjy;
Fws; 10 : Fzk;ehof; Fw;wKk; eho mtw;Ws;
kpifeho kpf;f bfhsy;.
tpsf;fk; : xUtupd; Fzj;ija[k; Fw;wj;ija[k; Muha;e;J mwpe;J mtw;Ws;/ vJ
kpFjpahff; fhzg;gLfpwnjh mijf; bfhz;L mtu; ,j;jifatu; vd;W
Kot[ bra;jy; ntz;Lk;.
mzp : ,f;Fwl;ghtpy; gapd;WtUk; mzp brhw;bghUs; gpd;tUepiyazp
MFk;.
mzpapyf;fzk; : Fwspy; te;j brhy;ny kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; te;J xnu bghUis czh;j;jpdhy;
mzpg;bghUj;jk; : ,f;Fwl;ghtpy; èho~ vd;Dk; brhy; gyKiw te;J `Muha;e;J~ vd;Dk;
xnu bghUisj; jUtjhy; ,J brhw;bghUs; gpd;tUepiyazp Mapw;W.
Fws; 11 : bgUikf;Fk; Vidr; rpWikf;Fk; jj;jk;

fUknk fl;lisf; fy;.
tpsf;fk; : xUtupd; bgUikf;Fk; rpWikf;Fk; mtutu; bray;ghLfns Muha;e;J
mwpa[k; ciufy; MFk;.
mzp : Vfnjr cUtf mzp
Fws; 12 : njuhd; bjspt[k; bjspe;jhd;fz; Ia[wt[k;

jPuh ,Lk;ig jUk;.
tpsf;fk; : Muhahky; xUtiuj; nju;t[ bra;tJk; mt;thW nju;t[ bra;jgpd; mtiug;
gw;wp Iag;gLjYk; jPuhj Jd;gj;ijj; jUk;.
xw;whly;
(murd; xw;wh;fis epu;tpfpj;jy;)
Fws; 13 : xw;bwhw;wpj; je;j bghUisa[k; kw;Wnkhu;
xw;wpdhy; xw;wpf; bfhsy;.
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tpsf;fk; : xw;wd; xUtd; kiwe;jpUe;J nfl;Lj; bjupe;jija[k; kw;nwhu; xw;wid

mDg;gp mwpe;J tur; bra;J/ mtw;iw xg;g[ nehf;fpa gpd;ng/ kd;dd;
mtid cz;ikbad ek;g ntz;Lk;
mzp : ,f;Fwl;ghtpy; gapd;WtUk; mzp brhw;bghUs; gpd;tUepiyazp
MFk;.
tpidj;J}a;ik
Fws; 14 : Xxjy; ntz;Lk; xspkhH;Fk; bra;tpid
MmJk; vd;D ktu;.
tpsf;fk; : nkYk; nkYk; nkk;ghL mila tpUk;g[fpwth;fs;/ jk; g[fH; bfLtjw;Fhpa
bray;fisr;; bra;af; TlhJ.
Fws; 15 : <d;whs; grpfhz;ghd; MapD+; bra;aw;f

rhd;nwhu; gHpf;Fk; tpid.
tpsf;fk; : bgw;bwLj;j jhna grpahy; Jd;gk; cWtijf; fz;L tUe;j neu;e;jhYk;/
mwpt[ila rhd;nwhu; gHpf;Fk; ,Hpbray;fisr; bra;af; TlhJ

<d;whs; ? tpidahyiza[k; bgah;
rhd;nwhd; ? tpidahyiza[k; bgah;
bra;aw;f ? bra; + my; + f
bra; ? gFjp
my; ? y; ? w; MdJ tpfhuk;
f ? tpa=;nfhs; tpidKw;W tpFjp
Fws; 16 : ryj;jhy; bghUs;bra;nj khu;j;jy; gRkz;
fyj;JePu; bga;jpuP, aw;W.
tpsf;fk; : jPa brayhy; bghUs; nrh;j;Jg; ghJfhj;jy; Rlhj kz;fyj;jpy; ePnuw;wp
itg;gijg; nghd;wJ. (ryk; ? t+;rid).
mzp : ,f;Fwl;ghtpy; gapd;WtUk; mzp ctikazp MFk;.
mzpapyf;fzk; : xU bra;a[spy; ctik/ ctnkak;/ ctk cUg[ Mfpa @d;Wk;
btspg;gilaha; mike;jpUf;Fkhapd; mBJ ctikazp MFk;
ctik : gRkz; fyj;JePu; bga;jpuP,
ctnkak; : ryj;jhy; bghUs; bra;nj khh;j;jy;
ctk cUg[ : mw;W
mzptpsf;fk; : t+;rfkhd tHpfspy; bghUs; nrh;j;J mg;bghUisg; ghJfhg;gJ cyuhj
gr;ir kz;ghidapy; ePh; epiwj;Jg; ghJfhf;f Kay;tijg; nghd;wJ MFk;
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giHik
Fws; 17 : tpiHjifahd; ntz;o ,Ug;gu; bfGjifahw;
nfshJ el;lhu; brapd;.
tpsf;fk; : el;gpd; cupikapy; jk;ikf; nfl;fhknyna xU braiyr; bra;jhYk;
el;g[ ghuhl;Lnthu;/ ;tpUg;gj;njhL mr;braYf;F cld;gLtu;. (el;lhu; ?
ez;gh;fs;)
,yf;fzf; Fwpg;g[ mwpjy; : gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk; mwpjy; :

tpiHjifahd; – tpidahyiza[k; bgah; nfshJ – nfs; + M + j; + c
bfGjifahd; – tpidahyiza[k; bgah; nfs; – gFjp
M – vjph;kiw ,ilepiy
g[zh;e;J bfl;lJ tpfhuk;
j; – ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy
c – tpidbar;r tpFjp
jP el;g[
Fws; 18 : fdtpDk; ,d;dhJ kd;ndh tpidntW
brhy;ntW gl;lhu; bjhlu;g[.
tpsf;fk; : bra;a[k; bray; ntwhft[k; brhy;Yk; brhy; ntwhft[k; ,Ug;gtu;fSila
el;ghdJ fdtpy; Tl Jd;gj;jpidj; jUtjhFk;.
gl;lhu; ? gL (gl;L) + Mu;
gL ? gFjp/
gL ? gl;L vd xw;W ,ul;oj;J ,we;jfhyk; fhl;oaJ
Mu; ? glu;f;ifg; gyu;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp
ngijik
(ngijikapd; bjhHpy; ahit>)
Fws; 19 : ehzhik ehlhik ehupd;ik ahbjhd;Wk;
ngzhik ngij bjhHpy;;.
tpsf;fk; : ehz ntz;Ltdtw;wpw;F ehzk; bfhs;shika[k;/ ehl ntz;Ltdtw;iw
ehlhika[k; ahthplj;Jk; md;gpy;yhika[k; tpUk;g ntz;Ltdtw;iw
tpUk;ghika[k; ngijapd; bjhHpy;fshFk;.(ngijik ? mwptpypfspd;
mwpahikf; Fzk;)
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ehzhik ? ehz; + M + ik ehlhik ? ehL + M + ik
ehz; ? gFjp/ ehz; ? gFjp/
M ? vjph;kiw ,ilepiy/ M ? vjph;kiw ,ilepiy/
ik ? gz;gg [ ; bgah; tpFjp ik ? gz;gg [ ; bgah; tpFjp
ngzhik ? ngz; + M + ik
ngz; ? gFjp/ M ? vjph;kiw ,ilepiy/ ik ? gz;g[g; bgah; tpFjp.
Fws; 20 : Xjp czu;e;Jk; gpwu;f;Fiuj;Jk; jhdl=;fhg;

ngijapd; ngijahu; ,y;.
tpsf;fk; : goj;Jk; goj;jij czh;e;Jk; czh;e;jij kw;wth;f;Ff; Twpa[k; jhd;
mjd;go bray;glhj ngijiag; nghy ngij ahUkpy;iy.
,yf;fzf; Fwpg;g[ mwpjy;:
jhdl=;fhg; ngij ? <Wbfl;l vjph;kiwg; bgabur;rk;
ngijahu; ? tpidahyiza[k; bgau;
gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk; mwpjy;:
czh;e;Jk; czh; + j;(e;) + j; + Xk; ciuj;Jk; ciu + j; + j; + ck;
czh; – gFjp/ ciu – gFjp/
j;(e;) – re;jp è;~ MdJ tpfhuk; j; – re;jp
j; – ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy j; – ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy
Xk; – jd;ikg; gd;ik tpidKw;W ck; – bjhpepiy tpidbar;r tpFjp
tpFjp
1. glj;jpw;nfw;w Fwisj; nju;t[ bra;f.
m) ehzhik ehlhik ehhpd;ik ahbjhd;Wk;

ngzhik ngij bjhHpy; .
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M) tpiHjifahd; ntz;o ,Ug;gu; bfGjifahw;

nfshJ el;lhu; brapd;
,) bry;tj;Js; bry;tk; brtpr;bry;tk; mr;bry;tk;
bry;tj;Js; vy;yhe; jiy. tpil: ,)
2. ghlypd; bghUSf;Fg; bghUj;jkhd jpUf;Fwisf; fz;lwpf.
ghly;
Mz;oy; ,isatbdd;W me;njh mfe;ijapdhy;
<z;o=;F ,fH;e;bjd;id Vsdk;bra; ? khz;gw;w
fhupUs;nghy; cs;sj;jhd; fhe;jpkjp ehjidg;
ghujp rpd;dg; gay;.
(1893y; ghujpahupd; gjpndhuhtJ tajpy; vl;ilag[uk; kd;du; rk!;jhdg; g[yth;fs;
;mitapy;/ mtuJ ftpj;jpwidg; g[fH;e;J `ghujp~ vd;w gl;lj;ijr; Nl;odhh;.)
Fws;
m) brtpapw; Rita[zuh tha[zh;tpd; khf;fs;
mtpapDk; thHpDk; vd;.
M) kpFjpahd; kpf;fit bra;jhiuj; jhk;jk;
,) Fzk;ehof; Fw;wKk; eho mtw;Ws;
kpifeho kpf;f bfhsy;.
tpil: M) kpFjpahd; kpf;fit bra;jhiuj; jhk;jk;
FwSf;Fg; bghUs;:
ekf;F ey;y trjpa[k; tha;g;g[k; ,Uf;fpwJ vd;bwz;zp ``,tu;f;F
,j;jP=;if bra;jhy; vtu; ek;ik vd;d bra;a Koa[k;>~~ vd;w ,Wkhg;g[f; bfhz;L
jP=;fpiHj;jtu;fisa[k; bghWikg; gz;ghy; btw;wp fhz ntz;Lk;. (bghiwa[ilik :
8tJ Fws;)
3. bghUSf;nfw;w moiaf; fz;Lgpoj;Jg; bghUj;Jf.
1. gRkz; fyj;JePu; bga;jpuP, aw;W m) xUtdpd; bray;ghLfns curp mwpak
[ ; ciufy;
2. jj;jk; fUknk fl;lisf;fy; M) mt;tstpw;Fg; bgUik cz;lhf;Fk;
3. midj;jhDk; Md;w bgUik jUk; ,) Rlhj kz;fyj;jpy; ePqw;wp itg;gijg; nghy
tpil: 1 ? ,/ 2 ? m/ 3 ? M
4. jPuh ,Lk;ig jUtJ vJ>
m) Muhahik/ Iag;gLjy; M) Fzk;/ Fw;wk;
,) bgUik/ rpWik <) ehlhik/ ngzhik
tpil: m) Muhahik/ Iag;gLjy;
Fws;: njuhd; bjspt[k; bjspe;jhd;fz; Ia[wt[k;
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5. brhy;Yf;fhd bghUisj; bjhlhpy; mikj;J vGJf.

m) Ez=;fpa nfs;tpau; ? El;gkhd nfs;tpawpt[ cilatu.;
Kfpyd; El;gkhd nfs;tpawpt[ cilatdhf ,Ue;jhd;. mjdhy; bgupnahhplj;Jg;
gzpthd brhw;fspy; ngRfpwhd;.
M) ngzhik ? ghJfhf;fhik.
mg;ghtpd; E}iyg; ghJfhf;fhikahy; ,dpad; giHa ngg;gh; tpahghhpaplk;
nghl;Ltpl;lhd;.
,) brtpr; bry;tk; ? nfl;gjhy; bgWk; mwpt[.
mwp+h;fspd; mwpt[iufisf; nfl;gjhy; bgWk; mwpt[ jf;f rkaj;jpy; ngr;Rg;
nghl;oapy; ngRtjw;F gad;gl;lJ.
<) mwdy;y bra;ahik ? mwk; my;yhj bray;fisr; bra;ahjpUj;jy;.
kyutd; ,sikapypUe;nj mwk; my;yhj bray;fisr; bra;ahjpUe;jjdhy; jhd;/
mikjpf;fhd tpUJ fpilj;jJ.
FWtpdh gf;fk;: 92
1. epyk; nghy ahuplk; bghWik fhf;fntz;Lk;>
jd;idj; njhz;Lgtiuj; jh=;Fk; epyk;nghyj; jd;id ,fH;gtuplj;Jk;
bghWik fhf;f ntz;Lk;.
2. jPait jPa gaj;jyhy; jPait
jPapDk; m+;rg; gLk; ? ,f;Fwl;ghtpd; fUj;ij tpsf;Ff.
jhd; ,d;gk; milantz;Lbkd vz;zp ,d;bdhUtUf;Fr; bra;a[k; jPa
bray;fns gpd;dh; me;j ,d;gj;ij ePf;Fk;. jPr;braiy vth; bra;jhnuh mtUf;nf
Jd;gj;ijj; jUk;. jP bjhl;lhy; jhd; RLk;. jPabray;fs; epidj;j mstpny Rl;blupf;Fk;
Mw;wy; cs;sd. mjdhy; jhd; `jPapDk; m+;rg;gLk;~ vd;whu;.
3. xw;bwhw;wpj; je;j bghUisa[k; kw;Wnkhu;
xw;wpdhy; xw;wpf; bfhsy; ? ,f;Fwl;ghtpy; mike;Js;s ea=;fis vGJf.
xw;wd; xUtd; kiwe;jpUe;J nfl;Lj; bjupe;j bra;jpia kw;nwhh; xw;wid
mDg;gp mwpe;J tur; bra;a ntz;Lk; ek;g ntz;Lk; kd;dd;/ mtw;iw xg;g[nehf;fpa
gpd;ng/ mjid cz;ikbad ek;gntz;Lk;. .
4. fdtpYk; ,dpf;fhjJ vtu; el;g[>
brhy; xd;W/ bray; ntW vd xd;Wf;bfhd;W bjhlh;gpy;yhky; ele;J
bfhs;gthpd; el;g[ fdtpYk; Jd;gk; jUtjhFk;.
fijf;Fg; bghUj;jkhd Fwisj; nju;t[ bra;J fhuzj;ij vGJf.
bksdtpujk; vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; ehd;F ez;gu;fs; xU brhw;bghHpitf;
nfl;ldu;. jh=;fSk; xU thuj;Jf;F bksdtpujk; ,Ug;gjhfj; jPu;khdk; bra;jdu;.
bksdtpujk; Muk;gkhfp tpl;lJ- bfh+;r neuk; nghdJk; xUtd; brhd;dhd;. ``v=;fs;
tPl;L mLg;ig mizj;Jtpl;nldh bjhpatpy;iyna-~~
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gf;fj;jpypUe;jtd; ``mlg;ghtp- ngrpl;ona-~~ vd;whd;. clnd @d;whtJ Ms;/

`èP kl;Lk; vd;d> ePa[k;jhd; ngrptpl;lha;-~~ vd;whd;. ehd;fhtJ Ms;/ `èy;yntis- ehd;
kl;Lk; ngrtpy;iy-~~ vd;whd;. ,g;goahf mtu;fspd; bksdtpujk; Koe;JnghdJ.
1. kwe;Jk; gpwd;nfL NHw;f NHpd;
mw+;NGk; NH;e;jtd; nfL.
2. jpwdy;y jw;gpwu; bra;apDk; nehbehe;J
mwdy;y bra;ahik ed;W.
3. Xjp czu;e;Jk; gpwu;f;Fiuj;Jk; jhdl=;fhg;
fijf;Fg; bghUj;jkhd Fws;
3. Xjp czu;e;Jk; gpwu;f;Fiuj;Jk; jhdl=;fhg;
tpsf;fk;:
fw;f ntz;oa mwE}y;fisf; fw;wwpe;Jk; mjd; cz;ikfis kw;wth;fSf;F vLj;Jf;
Twpa[k; thH;fpd;w xUtd;/ jhd; fw;wwpe;j xGf;f bewpapy; thHj; jtwpdhy; mtidg;
nghd;w mwptpypfs; cyfpy; ,y;iy.
vdnt ``brhy;tijg; nghy bra;a ntz;Lk; bra;tijna brhy;y ntz;Lk;~~.
jpUf;Fws; gw;wpa rpy Muha;r;rp bra;jpfs;
jpUf;Fws; Kjd;Kjypy; mr;rplg;gl;l Mz;L ? 1812
jpUf;Fws; mfuj;jpy; bjhl=;fp dfuj;jpy; KofpwJ.
jpUf;Fwspy; ,lk;bgWk; ,Ukyu;fs; ? mdpr;rk;/ Ftis
jpUf;Fwspy; ,lk;bgWk; xnu gHk; ? beU+;rpg;gHk;
jpUf;Fwspy; ,lk;bgWk; xnu tpij ? Fd;wpkzp
jpUf;Fwspy; ,UKiw tUk; xnu mjpfhuk; ? Fwpg;gwpjy;
jpUf;Fwspy; ,lk;bgw;w ,uz;L ku=;fs; ? gid/ @=;fpy;
jpUf;Fws; @yj;ij Kjd; Kjypy; mr;rpl;ltu; ? j+;ir +hdg;gpufhru;
jpUf;FwSf;F Kjd; ;Kjypy; ciu vGjpatu; ? kzf;Fltu;
jpUf;Fwis M=;fpyj;jpy; bkhHpbgau;j;jtu; ? $p.a[.nghg;
jpUf;Fwspy; nfho vd;w brhy; VG ,l=;fspy; ,lk;bgw;Ws;sJ.
VG vd;w brhy; vl;Lf; Fwl;ghf;fspy; vLj;jhsg;gl;Ls;sJ.
jpUf;Fws; ,Jtiu E}w;Wf;Fk; nkw;gl;l bkhHpfspy; btspte;Js;sJ.
fiyr;brhy; mwpnthk;
mfHha;t[ ? Excavation fy;btl;oay; ? Epigraphy
eLfy; ? Hero Stone gz;ghl;Lf; FwpaPL ? Cultural Symbol
g[ilg;g[r; rpw;gk; ? Embossed sculpture bghwpg;g[ ? Inscription

www.tnpscjob.com
ciueil cyfk;
Þò™
ï£¡° ,ae;jpu=;fSk; ,izatHpg; gad;ghLk;
ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjhpf
1. fPH;f;fhQk; @d;W bjhlu;fSs;
m) ,Ue;j ,lj;jpypUe;nj gazr;rPl;L vLg;gij vspjhf;fpa kpfg; bgupa ,e;jpa
epWtdk; ,e;jpaj; bjhlu;tz;o czt[ tH=;fy; kw;Wk; Rw;Wyhf; fHfk; MFk;.
M) t=;fp ml;il ,y;iy vd;why; miyngrp vz;/ t=;fpf; fzf;F vz; Mfpatw;iwf;
bfhz;L gzk; brYj;Jjy; ,ayhJ.
,) jpwd; ml;ilfs; vd;git FLk;g ml;ilfSf;F khw;whf tH=;fg;gl;litFk;.
i) m/ M Mfpad rup" , jtW ii) m/ , Mfpad rup" M jtW
iii) m jtW" M/ , Mfpad rup iv) @d;Wk; rup
tpil: ii) m/ , Mfpad rup" M jtW
2. jkpH;ehL muR fpuhkg;g[w khztu;fSf;F elj;Jk; jpwdha;t[j; nju;t[ vJ>
m) njrpaj; jpwdha;t[j; nju;t[ M) Cufj; jpwdha;t[j; nju;t[
,) njrpaj; jpwdha;t[j; nju;t <) @d;Wk; rup
tpil: M) Cufj; jpwdha;t[j; nju;t[
FWtpdh
1. ,iza tHpapy; ,a=;Fk; kpd;dQ ,ae;jpu=;fs; vitnaDk; Ie;jpidf; Fwpg;gpLf.
,izatHpapy; ,a=;Fk; kpd;dQ ,ae;jpu=;fs;
1. bjhiyefy; ,ae;jpuk; (Fax)
2. jhdpaf;fg; gz ,ae;jpuk; (Automated Teller Machine)
3. ml;il gad;gLj;Jjy; ,ae;jpuk; (Swiping Machione)
4. jkpHf murpd; epaha tpiyf; fil jpwdl;ilf; fUtp (TNePDS)
5. ,e;jpaj; bjhlu;tz;o czt[ tH=;fy; kw;Wk; Rw;Wyhf; fHf ,iza tHp gjpt[
(Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation)
rpWtpdh
1. gs;sp khztu;fSf;fhd jkpHf murpd; ,izatHpr; nritfis vGJf.
z jkpHf muR Mz;L njhWk; gy fy;tp cjtp bjhif nju;t[fis elj;Jfpd;wd.
z 8k; tFg;g[ khzth;fSf;F ? njrpaj;jpwdha;t[ kw;Wk; fy;tp cjtpj; bjhifj; njh;t[
(NMMS) www.tnpscjob.com
z 9k; tFg;g[ fpuhk gs;sp khzth;fSf;F ? Cufj; jpwdha;t[j; nju;t[ (TRUST)

z 10k; tFg;g[ khzth;fSf;F ? njrpaj;jpwdha;t[ njh;t[ (NTSE) elj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
mtw;wpy; fye;J bfhs;s tpUk;g[k; khzth;fs; jh=;fs; gof;Fk; gs;spfspnyna
,izaj;jpd; nritiag; bgwyhk; \
z 10 kw;Wk; 12 k; tFg;g[ Koj;j khzth;fSf;F/ murpd; ntiytha;g;g[ mYtyfj;jpy;
bra;ag;gl ntz;oa gjpt[/ Mz;LnjhWk; mth;fs; goj;j gs;spfspnyna
,izaj;jpd; tHpahfr; bra;ag;gl;L tUfpwJ.
z murpd; tpiyapy;yh kpjptz;o/ kof;fzpdp Mfpatw;iwg; bgw khzth;fspd;
tptu=;fs; ,izaj;jpd; @yk; gjpt[ bra;ag;gl;L tUfpd;wd.
beLtpdh
1. md;whl thH;tpy; eP=;fs; gad;gLj;Jk; ,uz;L ,izatHpr; nritfs; gw;wp tpupthfj;
bjhFj;J vGJf.
jw;fhyj;jpy; ngUe;J Kd;gjpt[/ tpkhd Kd;gjpt[ j=;Fk; tpLjpfs; Kd;gjpt[
Mfpatw;iw ,izak; @ykhf nkw;bfhs;sg; gyKfikfs; cs;sd. ,J gyUf;F
ntiytha;g;iga[k; jUfpwJ. bgU efu=;fspy; jpiug;gl=;fSf;F ,Uf;iffs; Kd;gjpt[
bra;tJTl ,izak; @yk; eilbgWfpd;wJ. muRf;Fr; brYj;j ntz;oa brhj;Jthp/
jz;zPh; thp/ Mfpad ,iza tHpapy; brYj;jg;gLfpd;wd. ,r;nritfspy; xd;W
gazr;rPl;L tH=;Ftija[k; Rw;Wyht[f;F Vw;ghL bra;tija[k; gaDs;s tifapy;
bra;J tUfpwJ. ,e;jpaj; bjhlh;tz;o czt[ tH=;fy; kw;Wk; Rw;Wyhf; fHfk;. kw;bwhd;W
jhdpaf;fg; gz ,ae;jpuk;.
 ,e;jpaj; bjhlh;tz;o czt[ tH=;fy; kw;Wk; Rw;Wyhf; fHf ,iza tHpg; gjpt[ (IRCTC -
INDIAN RAILWAY CATERING AND TOURISM CORPORATION)
kf;fs; bjhif kpFe;j ,e;jpah nghd;w ehLfspy; thpirapy; epw;gJ neutpuak;.
,jidf; Fiwg;gJld; ,Ue;j ,lj;jpypUe;nj gazr; rPl;L vLg;gij vspjhf;fpa
kpfg;bgupa mikg;g[ ,e;epWtdk; MFk;. gazk; bra;a ntz;oa ehspy; Ch;fSf;Fr;
bry;Yk; bjhlh;tz;ofisa[k; mtw;wpd; neu=;fisa[k; gazk; bra;a tpUk;g[k; bgl;o
tiffisa[k; mjw;Fhpa bjhifiaa[k; fhz;gpf;fpwJ. t=;fp ml;ilfspd; cjtpa[ld;
bjifiar; brYj;jp Kd;gjpt[ bra;J bfhs;syhk;. kpd;d+;rypy; gazr;rPl;L te;J
tpLfpwJ. ekJ miyngrpf;Ff; FW+;bra;jpa[k; te;J tpLfpwJ. 2002 Mk; Mz;L
,e;j trjp mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. jw;nghJ xU epkplj;jpw;F 1500 gazr; rPl;Lfs;
gjpt[ bra;at[k; xnu neuj;jpy; @d;W ,yl;rk; gadh;fs; ,iza tHpr; nritiag;
gad;gLj;jt[k; tHptif bra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.
 jhdpaf;fg; gz ,ae;jpuk; (Automated Teller Machine)
,=;fpyhe;ijr; nrh;e;j bghwpahsuhd $hd; b&g;gh;L ghud; (John Sheperd Barron)
vd;gth; jiyikapyhd FGbthd;W ghh;f;ny!; t=;fpf;fhf ,yz;ldpy; 1967 $%d; 27
,y; jhdpaf;fg; gz ,ae;jpuj;ij epWtpaJ.
t=;fpapy; tH=;fg;gl;l fhnrhiyiaf; bfhz;L jhd; mg;nghJ gzk;
vLf;fg;gl;lJ. me;jf; fhnrhiyapy; cs;s FwpaPLfis ,ae;jpuk; goj;Jg; g[hpe;J bfhz;L
www.tnpscjob.com
gzj;ijj; js;Sk;. mjw;Fg;gpd; thof;ifahshpd; Mwpyf;ff; flt[r;brhy; (Password)

jUkhW nkk;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. t=;fpfspd; ml;ilfspy; jdpg;gl;l milahs vz;iz
cUthf;fpj; jhdpaf;fg; gz ,ae;jpuj;jpy; gad;gLj;jj; bjhl=;fpdh;.
TLjy; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjhpf
1. Kjd;Kjypy; xspg;goia vLj;jth; ...........
m) mbyf;rhz;lh; bgapd; M) fpufhk;bgy;
,) br!;lh; fhh;y;rd; <) rhKnty; nkhh;R
tpil: ,) br!;lh; fhh;y;rd;
2. fzpdp @yk; bjhiyefy; vLf;Fk; bjhHpy;El;gj;ijf; fz;lwpe;jth; ............
m) \h=;f; khf;d!;fp M) <!;l;kd;
,) jhk!; My;th vord; <) brd;fpd;R tpil: m) \h=;f; khf;d!;fp
3. jhdpaf;fg; gz ,ae;jpuj;ij epWtpath; ...........
m) br!;lh; fhh;y;rd; M) !;Ogd; \hf;fpd;!;
,) !;Ot; $hg;!; <) $hd; b&g;gh;L ghud;
tpil: <) $hd; b&g;gh;L ghud;
m) epaha tpiyf; fil ? jpwdl;ilf; fUtp
M) tUifg; gjpt[ ? Mswp nrhjidf; fUtp
,) bghUs; th=;f ? fl;il nja;g;gp ,ae;jpuk;
<) nghf;Ftuj;J Kd;gjpt[ ? vGJbghUs;fs;
tpil: <) nghf;Ftuj;J Kd;gjpt[ ? vGJbghUs;fs;
m) ok; bgh;bdh;!; yP ? itaf tphpt[ tiy
M) Ml;hpad; M&;BgPy;L ? flt[r;brhy; ml;il
,) ikf;nfy; My;l;hpr; ? ,iza tzpfk;
<) $pnahthd;dp fhrpy;yp ? rPnuhfpuhgp
tpil: <) $pnahthd;dp fhrpy;yp ? rPnuhfpuhgp
6. bjhiyefy; nrit Kjd;Kjypy; ve;j ,U efu=;fSf;F ,ilapy; mwpKfkhdJ>
m) bgh;ypd; ? Mk;!;lh;lhk; M) !;lhf;n\hk; ? tpad;dh
,) ghhp!; ? ypahd; <) ,yz;ld; ? ghhp!;
tpil: ,) ghhp!; ? ypahd;
www.tnpscjob.com
epug;g[f
1. FW+;bra;jpapd; tUiff;Fg; gpd; je;jp tpilbgw;Wf;bfhz;lJ. (rhpah/ jtwh)
rhp
2. jhdpaf;fg; gz ,ae;jpuj;ij Kjd;Kjypy; epWtpa ehL vJ> ve;j Mz;L epWtpaJ>
,yz;ld; efhpy; (,=;fpyhe;J) 1967 $%d; 27y;.
3. ,iza tzpfj;ij fz;Lgpoj;jth; ahh;> ve;j Mz;L fz;Lgpof;fg;gl;lJ>
ikf;nfy; My;l;hpr;/ 1979.
FWtpdh
1. xspg;go ,ae;jpuk; ? Fwpg;g[ vGJf.
z epa{ahh;f;ifr; nrh;e;j br!;lh; fhh;y;rd; fe;jfk; jltpa Jj;jehfj; jl;ilf; bfhz;L
1938?y; cyfpd; Kjy; xspg;goia vLj;jhh;.
z rPnuhfpuhBgp vd;Dk; cyh; vGj;J Kiw ,ae;jpuk; ,tuhy; cyfpw;F mwpKfg;gLj;jg;
gl;lJ.
z ,Jnt b$uhf;!; vd;w bgahpy; epiyj;Jtpl;lJ.
rpWtpdh
1. jhdpaf;fg; gz ,ae;jpuk; ? Fwpg;g[j; jUf.
z ,=;fpyhe;ijr; nrh;e;j bghwpahsuhd $hd; b&g;gh;L ghud; (John Sheperd Barron)
vd;gth; jiyikapyhd FGbthd;W ghh;f;ny!; t=;fpf;fhf ,yz;ldpy; 1967 $%d;
27 ,y; jhdpaf;fg; gz ,ae;jpuj;ij epWtpaJ.
z t=;fpapy; tH=;fg;gl;l fhnrhiyiaf; bfhz;L jhd; mg;nghJ gzk; vLf;fg;gl;lJ.
me;jf; fhnrhiyapy; cs;s FwpaPLfis ,ae;jpuk; goj;Jg; g[hpe;J bfhz;L gzj;ijj;
js;Sk;. mjw;Fg;gpd; thof;ifahshpd; Mwpyf;ff; flt[r;brhy; (Password) jUkhW
nkk;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
z t=;fpfspd; ml;ilfspy; jdpg;gl;l milahs vz;iz cUthf;fpj; jhdpaf;fg; gz
,ae;jpuj;jpy; gad;gLj;jj; bjhl=;fpdh;.
3. ,e;jpaj; bjhlh; tz;o ,iza tHpg; gjpt[ ? tpsf;Ff.
z kf;fs; bjhif kpFe;j ,e;jpah nghd;w ehLfspy; thpirapy; epw;gJ neutpuak;. ,jidf;
Fiwg;gJld; ,Ue;j ,lj;jpypUe;nj gazr; rPl;L vLg;gij vspjhf;fpa kpfg;bgupa
mikg;g[ ,e;epWtdk; MFk;.
z gazk; bra;a ntz;oa ehspy; Ch;fSf;Fr; bry;Yk; bjhlh;tz;ofisa[k; mtw;wpd;
neu=;fisa[k; gazk; bra;a tpUk;g[k; bgl;o tiffisa[k; mjw;Fhpa bjhifiaa[k;
fhz;gpf;fpwJ.
z t=;fp ml;ilfspd; cjtpa[ld; bjhifiar; brYj;jp Kd;gjpt[ bra;J bfhs;syhk;.
www.tnpscjob.com
z kpd;d+;rypy; gazr;rPl;L te;J tpLfpwJ. ekJ miyngrpf;Ff; FW+;bra;jpa[k;

te;J tpLfpwJ.
z 2002 Mk; Mz;L ,e;j trjp mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. jw;nghJ xU epkplj;jpw;F 1500
gazr; rPl;Lfs; gjpt[ bra;at[k; xnu neuj;jpy; @d;W ,yl;rk; gadh;fs; ,iza
tHpr; nritiag; gad;gLj;jt[k; tHptif bra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.
1. t=;fpapy; ,izatHpr; nrkpg;g[f; fzf;Fj; bjhl=;Fk; eilKiwia vGJf:

ehk; t=;fpapy; nrkpg;g[f; fzf;F itj;jpUe;jhy; t=;fpf;F nehpy; brd;W jhd;
ek;Kila gzg; ghpth;j;jidfis nkw;bfhs;s ,aYk;. ,izatHp nrkpg;g[f; fzf;F
,Ue;jhy; kw;w gzpfisr; bra;J bfhz;oUf;Fk; nghnj t=;fpg; gzpfisa[k; bra;J
bfhs;syhk;.
,izatHp nrkpg;g[f; fzf;F:
Kjypy; ehk; ve;j t=;fpapy; nrkpg;g[f; fzf;F itj;jpUf;fpnwhnkh> me;j
t=;fpf;Fhpa braypia (APP) Kjypy; ek; fzpdpapnyh my;yJ miyngrpapnyh
gjptpwf;fk; bra;Jbfhs;s ntz;Lk;/ gpd;dh; kpd; m+;ry; Kfthp (E-Mail ID) xd;Wk;/ flt[
thh;j;ij (Password) xd;Wk; cUthf;Fjy; ntz;Lk;.
bgah; :
t=;fpf; fzf;F vz; :
t=;fpf; fpis :
t=;fp FwpaPl;L vz; :
vd nkw;T wpa midj; i ja[ k ; Fwpg;gpl;L/ ,izatHp (Net Banking) @yk;
t=;fp nrkpg;g[f; fzf;ifj; bjhl=;fpf; bfhs;syhk;.
2. c=;fs; FLk;gj;jpdUld; btspa{h; brd;w bjhlu;tz;og; gazj;jpw;F ,izaj;jpy;
vt;thW Kd;gjpt[ bra;jPh;fs;> mjd; tHpKiwfis mDgtj;jpy; (m) nfl;lwpe;J
tFg;giwapy; tH=;Ff.
eh=;fs; fle;jthuj;jpy; nfhitapy; ,Ue;J brd;idf;F ePyfphp tpiut[ bjhlh; tz;oapy;
(tz;o vz; 12672) ,ut[ 20.30 kzpf;F Kd;gjpt[ bra;njhk;. ,uz;lhk; tFg;g[
(S - 6, 45, 46, 47, 48) J}=;Fk; trjp cs;s bgl;oapy; ,uz;L eLg;gLf;if/ ,uz;L
fPH;gLf;if Kd;gjpt[ bra;J jhdpaf;fg; gz ,ae;jpu ml;il @yk; gzk; brYj;jp
ifngrpapy; te;j FW+;bra;jpia gazr;rPl;L ghpnrhjfhplk; fhz;gpj;J Rfkhd gazk;
nkw;bfhz;nlhk;.
,izaj;jpy; bjhlh;tz;og; gazj;jpw;F Kd;gjpt[ bra;jy;:
z khzth;fns- ehk; gazk; bra;a jpl;lkpLk; bghGnj/ gazj;jpw;fhd rPl;il
,izatHpapy; gjpt[ bra;J bfhs;syhk;.
z ,d;iwa fhyf;fl;lj;jpy; ,izajsj;jpy; gazr; rPl;il gjpt[ bra;tJ kpft[k;
vspJ. ek; neuKk;/ bgUkst[ kpr;rkhFk;.
www.tnpscjob.com
z gazk; nkw;bfhs;s ntz;oa CUf;F c=;fs; Chpy; ,Ue;J bry;Yk; bjhlh;

tz;ofis mwpe;J bfhz;L/ mtw;wpd; neu=;fisa[k; bjspthfj; bjhpe;J bfhs;s
ntz;Lk;.
z gazk; bra;a tpUk;g[k; ehspy; ve;j bjhlh;tz;oapy;/ ve;j bgl;oapy; ,Uf;if
trjp kw;Wk; gLf;if trjpa[ld; ,Uf;Fk; fhypapl=;fis mwpe;J bfhs;s ntz;Lk;.
mtw;iw mwpa Kida[k; nghnj gazr; rPl;Lf;fhd bjhifa[k; mwpe;J bfhs;syhk;.
z gpd;dh; t=;fp ml;ilfspd; cjtpa[ld;/ gazr; rPl;ow;fhd bjhifiar;
brYj;jp Kd;gjpt[ bra;J bfhz;nlhk; vdpy;/ rw;W neuj;jpy; ekJ miyngrpf;F
FW+;bra;jpa[k;/ mr;bra;jpapy; ekf;fhd ,Uf;if vz;/ g[wg;gLk; neuk; nghd;wit
te;JtpLk;.
z kpd; m+;rypy; gazr;rPl;Lk; te;JtpLfpwJ. ehk; gazk; bra;a[k; bghGJ/
FW+;bra;jpiaa[k;/ ek;Kila milahs ml;il VnjDk; xd;iwf; fhl;o Rfkhd
gazj;ij nkw;bfhs;syhk;.
z fisg;gpd;wp gazk; bra;a ,izatHp gjpt[ Kiwna rpwe;jjhFk;.
3. tpuypapy; (Pendrive) cs;s ghly;fisa[k;/ vGj;Jf; nfhg;g[fisa[k; (Document)

fzpdpapy; EiHe;J ciwfspy; (Folder) ,l;Lr; nrkpg;gijr; bra;J ghh;j;Jj; bjhpe;J
bfhs;f.
z `tpuyp` vd;w thh;j;ij Pendrive vd;w M=;fpy thh;j;ijapd; jkpHhf;fk; MFk;.
tpuypapy; cs;s ghly;fs; vGj;Jf; nfhg;g[fis fzpdpapy; nrkpf;Fk; Kiw:
z Kjypy; tpuypia mjd; gFjpapy; EiHj;jy; ntz;Lk;.
z fzpdpj; jpiuapy; FwpaPL xd;W njhd;Wk;.
z me;jf; FwpaPl;il ,af;Fk; nghJ/ tpuypapy; cs;s bra;jpfis ve;jg; gFjpapy; nrkpf;f
ntz;Lk;/ jdp ciw ntz;Lkh vd;W jpiuapy; njhd;Wk;.
z nfhg;g[fs; cs;s gFjpapy; nrkpf;f ntz;Lbkd;whYk; Fwpg;gpl;l nfhg;g[g; gFjpia
,af;fp mjDld; nrkpj;J;f bfhs;syhk;.
z jdpahf xU ciwia cUthf;fpa[k; nrkpj;Jf; bfhs;syhk;.
z jpiuapd; Kfg;g[g; gFjpapy; ciwia cUthf;fp itj;Jf; bfhz;nlhk; vd;why; tpuyp
@yk; ehk; nrkpj;j bra;jpfs; ghly;fs;/ vGj;Jf; nfhg;g[fis cldoahf ,af;fp
gad;gLj;jpf; bfhs;syhk;.
z ,Jnt tpuypapy; cs;sdtw;iw fzpdpapy; nrkpf;Fk; KiwahFk;.

www.tnpscjob.com
ftpijg;ngiH
Þò™
ï£¡° X/ vd; rkfhyj; njhHh;fns-
ìtuKj;J~
gpwe;j Ch; ? njdp khtl;lk; bkl;#h;
bgw;w tpUJfs; ? gj;kg{&d;
 `fs;spf;fhl;L ,jpfhrk;~ g[jpdj;Jf;F rhfpj;a mfhbjkp tpUJ (2003)
 rpwe;j jpiug;gl ghlyhrphpaUf;fhd njrpa tpUJ ? VG Kiw
ftp+h; ituKj;J
ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjhpf
1. gpd;tUk; bjhlu;fisg; goj;J èhd;` ahu; vd;W fz;Lgpof;f.
mwptpay; thfdj;jpy; epWj;jg;gLntd;.
vy;yhf; nfhspYk; Vw;wg;gLntd;.
,isatu; Tl;lk; vd;id Ve;jp elg;gu;.
m) ,izak; M) jkpH; ,) fzpzp <) Vt[fiz
tpil: M) jkpH;
FWtpdh
1. Tl;Lg; g[Git vLj;Jf;fhl;of; ftp+u; czu;j;Jk; fUj;Jf;fis vGJf.
bghWik/ mlf;fk; vd;Dk; fl;Lg;ghLfisf; filg;gpoj;J xGf ntz;Lk;.
Tl;Lg;g[Gthf ,Ue;J jhd; gpd;dhspy; gl;Lg;g{r;rpaha;f; nfhyk; bfhs;Sk; vdf; ftp+u;
Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;.
rpWtpdh
1. `vd; rkfhyj; njhHu;fns`` ftpijapy; ftp+u; tpLf;Fk; ntz;Lnfhs; ahJ>
z mwptpay; vd;Dk; thfdj;jpd; kPJ ek;ik MSk; jkpH;bkhHpia epWj;J=;fs;.
gH=;fhy kd;du;fSs; xUtd; fupfhyd;. mtdJ bgUikfisa[k; rpwg;g[fisa[k;
fzpg;bghwpf;Fs;ns gjpt[ bra;J ita[=;fs;.
z mLj;jtu; Vt[fpd;w jpirapy; nehf;fkpy;yhky; bry;Yk; mk;igg;nghy; ,Ue;j kf;fs;
,dj;ij khw;W=;fs;. Vt[fiz brYj;JtjpYk; jkpiH vGjp vy;yhf; nfhspfspYk;
Vw;wpr; brYj;J=;fs; vd;W ftp+u; ituKj;J ntz;Lnfhs; tpLf;fpwhu;.
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TLjy; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjhpf
1. gl;Lg; g{r;rpaha; cUg;bgWtJ
m) njdP M) tz;L ,) Tl;Lg;g[G <) <ry;
tpil: ,) Tl;Lg;g[G
2. mwpit kwe;jjhf ...... ,Uf;ff; TlhJ.
m) czh;r;rp M) ntfk; ,) bray; <) gz;ghL
tpil: m) czh;r;rp
3. fHdpfs; Rkf;f ntz;oaJ .....
m) fjph;fs; M) btk;gpa gH=;fs;
,) twz;l jhtuk; <) mGfpa bghUs;fs;
tpil: m) fjph;fs;
4. fhl;Lk; bghWik mlf;fk; vd;Dk;
fl;Lg;ghl;ilf; flthjPh; ?
,t;toapy; ``bghWik mlf;fk;~~ vd;gjd; ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;g[ jUf.
tpil: ck;ikj; bjhif
5. 2003?k; Mz;L rhfpj;a mfhlkp tpUJ bgw;w ituKj;Jtpd; E}y; vJ>
tpil : fs;spf;fhl;L ,jpfhrk;
1. mwptpay; bra;jpfis btspg;gLj;Jk; ftpijfisj; bjhFj;J tFg;giwapy; goj;Jf;

fhl;Lf.
m) ePh;epd; wpsfpw; wpJntz;lh
? rPtfrpe;jhkzp[ (fhe;jUtjj;ij ,yk;gfk;])
mwptpay; bra;jp:
kuj;jpy; bra;ag;gLk; tPizna ,d;dpir vGg;g Vw;wJ. kuj;jpd; <uj;jd;ikf;F
Vw;g mjpy; nkhJk; xyp miyfspd; mjph;btz;Qk; ntWgLk;. rPtfd;/ jj;ij bfhLj;j
ahHpid Muha[k; nghJ/ ePhpy; ,Ue;J Cwpa kuj;jhy; bra;ag;gl;l ahHpy;/ mjph;btz;
ntWgl;L rkr;rPuw;W fhzg;gLk; vd;gjhy; `èPh;epd; wpsfpw; wpJntz;lh~~ vd;whd;.
M) ``mQitj; Jisj;J VH;fliyg; g[fl;o~~ ? xsitahh;
``Xh; mQtpidr; rjTwpl;l nfhzpDk; csd;~~ ? fk;gh;
mwptpay; bra;jp:
mQitg; gpsf;ft[k;/ nrh;f;ft[k; Koa[k; vd;w ,d;iwa mwptpaiy ek;
ftp+h;fs; md;nw jk; ftpijfspy; Twpa[s;sdh;. mQnrh;g;g[k;/ mQg;gphpg;g[k; gw;wpa
fUj;Jfs; md;nw mUk;gpa[s;sd.
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,) ``mfy;tay; bghHpe;Jk;.......
cWkplj; Jjth cth;epyk;.......~~ ? g[wehD}W guzh;
``gathf; fsuizah; fy;yhjth;~~ ? jpUts;Sth;
mwptpay; bra;jp:
vt;tst[ kiH bghHpe;jhYk; ``fsh;epyk;~~ vd miHf;fg;gLk; cth;epyk; vjw;Fk;
cjthJ vd;w kz;zpay; mwptpaiyf; TWfpwJ.
,t;thW ek; jkpH;g; g[yth;fs; ,aw;wpa ftpijfs; gy/ ekf;F mwptpay;
bra;jpfisf; TWtjhf cs;sd vd;gij kWf;f ,ayhJ.
2. tpkhdKk; Vt[fiza[k; ngrpf;bfhs;tJ nghy Xu; ciuahliyf; FGthfr; nrh;e;J

cUthf;Ff.
tpkhdKk; ? Vt[fiza[k; ngRtJnghy ciuahly;
tpkhdk; : tzf;fk;- Vt[fiz mth;fns-
Vt[fiz : tzf;fk;- tzf;fk;-
tpkhdk; : Iah c=;fis re;jpg;gjpy; kpf;f kfpH;r;rp
Vt[fiz : vdf;Fk; kfpH;r;rp
tpkhdk; : vd; bgah; tpkhdk;. ehd;/ kf;fis ehLtpl;L ehL bry;y cjt[k; bghUl;L
thdpy; gwg;ngd;. mjdhy; vd;id thD}h;jp vd;Wk; miHg;gh;.
Vt[fiz : mg;goah- ehd; mjw;Fk; nkny gy;yhapuf;fzf;fhd fpnyhkPl;lh; J}uk;
nkny brd;W braw;ifnfhs;fis mjdjd; ghijapy; epWj;Jntd;.
tpkhdk; : mg;goah nfl;fnt Mr;rhpakhf ,Uf;fpwnj. vd;id ,af;f tpkhdp Jiz
tpkhdp vy;yhk; ,Ug;ghh;fs;. c=;fis ,af;f....
Vt[fiz : Mbsy;yhk; ,Uf;fkhl;lhh;fs;. Vt[ Ch;jpapy; vd;id epWj;jp/ ,uz;L
@d;W ehs;fSf;F Kd;djhfnt vz;epiy (count down) bjhl=;fp
fz;fhzpj;J/ Fwpg;gpl;l neuk; te;jt[lnd vd;id kpf ntfkhf Vtp
tpLthh;fs;. ehnd Fwpg;gpl;l ,lj;jpw;F brd;W tpLntd;.
tpkhdk; : vd;id g{kpapy; ,Ue;J fz;fhzpg;gJ nghy; c=;fisa[k;
fz;fhzpg;ghh;fsh-
Vt[fiz : Mk;- vd;ida[k; fz;fhzpj;Jf; bfhz;nljhd; ,Ug;ghh;fs;.
tpkhdk; : ed;wp--
Vt[fiz : ed;wp--
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3. ghlypy; mike;Js;s bjhilea=;fis vGJf:

fpspf;F bwf;if ,Uf;Fk; tiuf;Fk;
fpHf;F thdk; J}ukpy;iy
Kisf;Fk; tpijfs; Kisf;fj; Joj;jhy;
g{kp xd;Wk; ghukpy;iy.
bjhilea=;fs; :
1. fpspf;F/ fpHf;F ? Kjy; vGj;J xd;wpte;J `` nkhid eak;~~ cs;sJ.
2. Kisf;Fk; ? Kisf;fj;
,jpy;/ Kjy; vGj;J xd;wpte;J ``rPh; nkhid~~ eaKk;
,uz;lhk; vGj;J xd;wp te;J ``rPh; vJif~~ eaKk; ,lk; bgw;Ws;sJ.
3. J}ukpy;iy ? ghukpy;iy
,jpy; ``kpy;iy~~ vd;Dk; ,Wjp rPh; xd;wp te;J ``,iag[j; bjhil~~ eak; mike;Js;sJ.

www.tnpscjob.com
ftpijg;ngiH
Þò™
ï£¡° caph;tif
czh;en
; jhh; ? tpidahyiza[k; bgah;
bewpg;gLj;jpdh; ? bewpg;gLj;J + ,d; + Mh;
bewpg;gLj;J ? gFjp
,d; ? ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy
Mh; ? gyh;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp
ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjhpf
1. xd;wwptJnt cw;wwptJnt
,uz;lwptJnt mjbdhL ehnt
,t;tofspy; mjndhL vd;gJ vijf; Fwpf;fpwJ>
m) Efu;jy; M) bjhL czu;t[
,) nfl;ly; <) fhzy;
tpil : M) bjhL czu;t[
FWtpdh
1. @d;wwptJnt mtw;nwhL @f;nf
ehd;fwptJnt mtw;bwhL fz;nz
Ie;jwptJnt mtw;bwhL brtpna ? ,t;tofspy; bjhy;fhg;gpau; Fwpg;gpLk;/
@twpt[/ ehd;fwpt[/ Ie;jwpt[ capu;fs; ahit>
t.
mwpt[k; Mw;wy; g[yd;fs; capu;fs; mwpt[
vz;
1. cw;wwpjy; + Ritj;jy; + Efu;jy; @f;F fiuahd;/ vWk;g[ @d;wwpt[
2. cw;wwpjy; + Ritj;jy; + Efu;jy; fz; ez;L/ Jk;gp ehd;fwpt[
+ fhzy; (tz;L)
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3. cw;wwpjy; + Ritj;jy; + Efu;jy; fhJ gwit/ tpy=;F Ie;jwpt[

+ fhzy; + nfl;ly;
rpWtpdh
1. mwpita[k; capupd=;fisa[k; bjhy;fhg;gpau; vt;thW bjhlu;g[ gLj;Jfpwhu;>
t.vz;. mwpt[epiy czu;t[ capupd=;fs;

1 Xu; mwpt[ capu; bjhLjy; czu;t[ kl;Lk; g[y;/ kuk;
cilait
2 <uwpt[ bjhLjy; czu;t[ld; ehtpdhy; rpg;gp/ ej;ij '
Ritj;jwpjy; cilait r=;F/ fpsp+;ry;
3 @twp capu; bjhLjy;/ ehr;Rit/ @f;fhy;/ fiuahd;/ vWk;g/[ bry;/
Kfu;jy; fz;zhw; fhz;ly; <ry;/ jk;ghg;g{r;rp/
gl;Lg;g{r;rp
4 ehd;F mwpt[ bjhLjy;/ ehr;Rit/ @f;fhy; ez;L/ Jk;gp/ </
capu;fs; Kfu;jy; fz;zhw; fhz;ly; Fstp
5 Iawpt[apu; bjhLjy;/ ehf;Fr; Rit/ @f;fhy; gwit/ tpy=;F.
Kfu;jy; fz;zhw; fhz;ly;/
nfl;ly;
6 Mwwpt[ bjhLjy;/ ehf;Fr;Rit/ @f;fhy; kdpjd;
Kfh;jy;/ fz;zhw; fhzy;/
brtpahw; nfl;ly; ,it
Ie;Jk; Ik;bghwpfshy; mwpa[k;
Ik;g[y mwpt[fs;. mtw;Wld;
Mwhtjhfpa kdj;jhy; mwpa[k;
mwpt[ila caph;fs;
TLjy; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjhpf
m) <uwpt[ caph; ? rpg;gp/ ej;ij
M) ehd;fwpt[ caph; ? ez;L/ Jk;gp
,) Ie;jwpt[ caph; ? g[y;/ kuk;
<) @twpt[ caph; ? fiuahd;/ vWk;g[ tpil: ,) Ie;jwpt[ caph; ? g[y;/ kuk;
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2. bghUe;jhjidj; njh;e;bjL.
m) Ritj;jy; M) cw=;Fjy; ,) Efh;jy; <) nfl;ly;
tpil: M) cw=;Fjy;
3. rhpahdijj; njh;e;bjL.
i) jkpHpy; fpilf;fg;bgw;w Kjy; E}y; bjhy;fhg;gpak;.
ii) bjhy;fhg;gpaj;jpy; vGj;J/ brhy;/ bghUs; vd @d;W mjpfhu=;fs; cz;L.
iii) bjhy;fhg;gpaj;jpy; mfk;/ g[wk; rhh;e;j thH;tpay; bewpfs; tpsf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
iv) filr;r=;ff; fhyj;jpy; ,aw;wg;gl;lJ bjhy;fhg;gpak;.
m) i, ii, iii, iv - ehd;Fk; rhp. M) i, ii, iii-rhp/ iv-jtW.
,) i, ii - rhp/ iii, iv - jtW. <) i, ii-jtW iii, iv-rhp.
tpil: M) i, ii, iii-rhp/ iv-jtW.
4. bjhy;fhg;gpaj;jpy; cs;s ,ay;fs; .............
m) 30 M) 33 ,) 24 <) 27
tpil : <) 27
5. Mwwpt[ cila caphpdk; ..............
m) ej;ij M) kdpjd; ,) tpy=;F <) Jk;gp
tpil: M) kdpjd;
6. jkpH;bkhHpapy; fpilj;j Kjy; ,yf;fz E}y; vJ> tpil: bjhy;fhg;gpak;
7. bjhy;fhg;gpaj;jpd; mjpfhu=;fs; ahit> tpil : vGj;J/ brhy;/ bghUs;
8. bjhy;fhg;gpaj;jpd; bkhj;j ,ay;fs; ahit> tpil: 27
9. vGj;Jfs; gpwf;Fk; ,l=;fis clw; Tw;wpay; mog;gilapy; tpsf;Fk; E}y; vJ>
tpil: bjhy;fhg;gpak;
10. <uwpt[ caph;fSf;Fr; rhd;W. tpil: rpg;gp/ ej;ij
1. m) jl;lhd; g{r;rp jhHg;gwe;jhy; jg;ghky; kiH tUk;.

M) thdpy; gwf;FJ Fjpiu
gwf;fg; gwf;f thy; Fiwa[k; Fjpiu ? mJ vd;d> tpil : tpkhdk;
,it nghd;w mwptpay; bra;jpfs; bfhz;l gHbkhHpfs;/ tpLfijfisg; goj;Jk;
nfl;Lk;/ mtw;wpd; mwptpay; mog;gilia tFg;giwapy; fye;JiuahLf.
mwptpay; rhh;e;j gHbkhHpfs; tpLfijfs;
tpLfijfs;
1. bry;Yk; ,lbky;yhk; ehDk; tUntd;/ ifapYk; itf;fyhk;/ igapYk; itf;fyhk;/
ehdpd;wp ,d;W kdpj caph;fs; ,y;iy. ehd; ahh;> tpil : miyngrp
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2. fhw;Wg; g[f Koahj ,lj;jpYk; ehd; g[Fntd;. v=;bf=;F brd;whYk; m=;Fs;s

jd;ikia bra;jpahfg; g[ifg;glkhf mDg;g[ntd;. Muha cfe;jtd.; ehd; ahh;>
tpil: braw;iff;nfhs;
gHbkhHpfs;
1. mwpit nkk;gLj;JtJ mwptpay;.
2. mwptpay; ,y;yhj Md;kPfk; KlkhFk;.
3. MwhtJ mwpnt mwptpay;.
4. mwptpay; mwpit nkk;gLj;Jk;;" mwpt[ thH;it nkk;gLj;Jk;.
5. ,d;iwa mwptpany ehisa bjhHpy;El;g tsh;r;rp.
2. `tpkhd epiyaj;jpy; ehd;~ ? fw;gidahff; fij xd;wpid vGJf.
tpkhd epiyaj;jpy; ehd;
(fw;gidf; fij)
md;W fhiyapy; ,Ue;nj vdf;Fs; xnu gugug;g[... ,dk; g[hpahj FJ}fyk;
vd kdJf;Fs; bfh+;rk; kfpH;r;rp gjw;wk; vd xU khjphpahd czh;t[fs; te;J ngha;f;
bfhz;oUe;jd.
Vd; bjhpa[kh. ehd; Kjd; Kjypy; tpkhd epiyak; brd;W tpkhdj;jpy; Vwp
Rw;Wyh bry;yg; nghfpnwd; FLk;gj;jpy; vy;nyhUk; vd;idg; nghd;nw ,Ue;jdh;.
vd; je;ij/ vd; bghpa rnfhjuh; vy;yhUk; Kd;ng tpkhdj;jpy; gazk; bra;J
,Uf;fpwhh;fs;. ehd; kl;Lk; jhd; Kjd;Kjypy; tpkhdj;jpYk; gazk; bra;a nghfg;
nghfpnwd; tpkhd epiyaj;Jf;Fs;Sk; bry;yg; nghfpnwd;.
g[wg;gLk; ntis te;jJ ..... Mh;tj;Jld; mtuth; gazr; RikfSld;
thfdj;jpy; Vwpndhk;. thfdk; tpiue;J brd;wJ tpkhd epiyak; nehf;fp ......
Fwpg;gpl;l vy;iy tiujhd; thfdj;ij mDkjpj;jhh;fs; cs;ns bkJthf
glglg;g[ld; EiHe;njd;....
xyp bgUf;fpapy; mwptpg;g[ xU g[wk;. kpd; vGj;Jfspy; mwptpg;g[ gyiffs; xU
g[wkha; Muthukha; ,Ue;jJ.
EiHt[ thapiyf; fle;njd;... nrhjidapLtjw;F miHj;jhh;fs; mDkjpf;fg;glhj
bghUs;fs; ehk; itj;jpUe;jhy; mtw;iw mg;gw
[ g;gLj;jp tpLfpwhh;fs;.
v=;fs; tpkhdk; tUtjw;F ,uz;L kzpneuj;jpw;F Kd;ng brd;W tpl;nlhk;.
xt;bthU fhl;rpa[k; xt;bthU epfH;t[k; vd;id kpft[k; Mr;rhpag; gLj;Jtjha; ,Ue;jJ.
jpObud;W tpkhdepiyaj;jpy; gugug;g[ ..... bra;jpahsh;fs; jljlbtd Xo
te;jdh;. vd;dbtd;W tprhhpj;jhy; jw;bghGJ te;J jiu ,w=;fpa tpkhdj;jpy; ,Ue;J
gpugy jkpH; ftp+h; xUtUk;/ murpay; jiyth; xUtUk; tUfpwhh;fshk;.... mth;fSs;
murpay; jiytiu neh; fhzy; bra;tjw;fhf bra;jpahsh;fs; Xote;jdh;.... mjida[k;
fz;L fspj;njd;....
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eh=;fs; gazk; bra;a ntz;oa tpkhdk; tUtjw;fhd mwptpg;g[ te;jJ/ XL

jsj;jpy; epd;w tpkhdj;jpy; VWtjw;fhd Maj;jg; gzpfshf Kjypy; v=;fs; TLjy;
Rikfis vLj;jdh;.
gpd;dh; thfdj;jpy; v=;fis Vwr;bra;J/ gpuk;khz;lkhd XLjsj;jpy; fk;gPukhf
epd;w tpkhdj;jpd; mUfpy; bfhz;L epWj;jpdhh;fs;.
thfdj;jpy; ,Ue;J ,w=;fp tpkhdj;jpy; tpkhdg;gzpg; bgz;zpd; ,dpa
tuntw;nghL tpkhdj;Jf;Fs; Vwp mtuth; ,Uf;ifapy; mkh;e;J.... kpFe;j kfpH;r;rpa[ld;
gazk; bra;njhk;.

tphpthdk;
Þò™
ï£¡° tpz;iza[k; rhLnthk;
ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjhpf
1. tpil tupiriaj; nju;f.
m) ,J braw;iff;nfhs; Vt[ Cu;jpapd; bray;ghl;il Kd;Tl;ona fzpf;Fk;.
M) ,J fly; gazj;Jf;fhf cUthf;fg;gl;l brayp
i) netpf;/ rpj;jhuh ii) netpf;/ thD}u;jp
iii) thD}u;jp/ rpj;jhuh iv) rpj;jhuh/ netpf;
tpil: iv) rpj;jhuh/ netpf;
FWtpdh
1. braw;iff; nfhs; Vt[ Cu;jpapy; bghUe;Jk; braypiag; gw;wp jpU. rptd; TWtJ ahJ>
z ,e;jpa tpz;btsp Muha;r;rp ikaj;jpy; 1982 Mk; Mz;Ljhd; ntiyapy; nru;e;jhu;.
jpU. rptd; 1983 Mk; Mz;L Kjy; Kjypy; gp.v!;.vy;.tp (Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle)
jpl;lj;ij bjhl=;f ika muR ,irt[ je;jJ.
z m=;F gzpg[upa[k; mwptpayhsu;fs; midtUf;Fnk ,j;jpl;lg;gzp g[jpJjhd;.
Mdhy; rptd; mth;;fs; ,ut[ gfyhf Kaw;rp bra;J xU braypia cUthf;fpdhu;. mJ
rpj;jhuh vd;wiHf;fg;gl;lJ. (SITARA - Software for Integrated Trafectory Analysis with Real
Time Applications)
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z ,J braw;iff; nfhs; Vt[ Cu;jp gw;wpa KGtptu=;fisa[k; kpd;dpaf;f Kiwapy;

(Digital) nrfupf;Fk;.
rpWtpdh
1. kf;fspd; thH;f;ifj; juk; cau;tjpy; braw;iff;nfhspd; g=;F ahJ>
z kf;fspd; thH;f;ifj; juk; cah;tjpy; braw;iff;nfhspd; g=;F kfj;jhdJ MFk;.
xt;bthU Mz;Lk; tptrhaj;jpd; @yk; vt;tst[ tpisr;ry; fpilf;Fk; vd;gijf;
fzpj;J murpd; ftdj;Jf;Fj; bjhpag; gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. ,ijg; gad;gLj;jp murhy;
mjw;nfw;w jpl;l=;fis tFj;J kf;fSf;F gad;gLj;j KofpwJ.
z epyj;jpy; ve;j ,lj;jpy; ePhpd; mst[ vt;tst[ ,Uf;Fk; vd;gijr; braw;iff;nfhs; @
yk; fz;Lgpoj;jij kf;fSf;F gaDs;s tHpapy; bra;aKofpwJ.
z fly;gFjpapy; ve;bje;j ,l=;fspy; kPd;fs; mjpfkhff; fpilf;Fk; vd;W kPdth;fSf;Fr;
brhy;y gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
z kf;fs; gad;gLj;Jk; ,izatHpr; nritfSf;F braw;iff;nfhs; ,t;thwhfg;
gad;gLfpwJ.
beLtpdh
1. ,e;jpa tpz;btspj; Jiw gw;wpa bra;jpfis tptupf;f.
,J/ ,e;jpa murpd; Kjd;ik njrpa tpz;btsp Kfik MFk;. ,jd;
jiyikafk;/ ,e;jpahtpy;/ bg=;fAUtpy; ePa{!y; rhiyapy; `md;juP&; gtd;~ vd;w
bgaupy; cs;sJ. ,jd; Kjd;ik tpz;btsp epiyak; rjP!; jtd; tpz;btsp ikak;. ,jd;
jiytuhf jpU nf. rptd;/ 14.1.2018 md;W Kjy; bghWg;ngw;W brayhw;wp tUfpwhu;.
,th;/ ehfu;nfhtpy;/ ty;y=; Fkhutpis fpuhkj;jpy; gpwe;jtu;. vk;.I.o apy; nrh;e;J vk;.,./
gl;lk; bgw;W tpf;uk; rhuhgha; epWtdj;jpy; ,af;Feuhfg; gzpahw;wp te;jhh;.
,e;jpa tpz;btsp Muha;r;rp epWtdk; cyfpd; kpfg; bgUk; tpz;btsp
Ma;t[ ika=;fspy; MwhtJ ,lj;ijg; bgw;Ws;sJ. ,jd; Kjd;ik nehf;fkhf
tpz;btsp bjhHpy;El;gj;jpy; nkk;ghLfis Muha;tJk; mtw;iw ehl;L
eyDf;fhfg; gad;gLj;JtJk; MFk;. ,e;epWtdk;/ 1975 Mk; Mz;oy; ,e;jpahtpd;
Kjy; braw;iff;nfhs; `Mhpag;gl;lh~ mikf;fg;gl;L nrhtpaj; xd;wpaj;jhy;
tpz;nzw;wg;gl;lJ. ,jw;Ff; fhuzkhdth; tpf;uk; rhuhgha; Mthh;. 1980 ,y; ,e;jpahtpy;
fl;likf;fg;bgw;w Vt[jsk; SLV3 @ykhf Kjy; braw;iff; nfhs; `nuhfpdp~ Vtg;gl;lJ.
,e;epWtdj;jpd; rhjidahf 2008 Mk; Mz;oy; epyit nehf;fpa ,e;jpahtpd;
Kjw;gazkhf ``re;jpuhad;?I~~ Vtg;gl;lJ.
1957 Mk; Mz;L Kjny u&;ah cl;gl gy ehLfs; braw;iff; nfhs;fis
VtpapUf;fpd;wd. mtw;iw vy;yhk; ,uhQtj;Jf;F kl;Lnk gad;gLj;jpdhh;fs;. ty;yuR
ehLfs; mtw;wpd; Mw;wiyf; fhz;gpf;fnt/ ,e;j bjhHpy; El;gj;ijg; gad;gLj;jpd.
Ik;gJ Mz;LfSf;F Kd; ek;ehl;L mwptpayhsh; lhf;lh; tpf;uk; rhuhgha; ,e;jj;
bjhHpy;El;gk; kf;fSf;F vt;thW gad;gLk; vd;nw rpe;jpj;jhh;.
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,e;jpa Vt[fiz ehafd; mg;Jy; fyhk;/ ,e;jpa tpz;btsp Muha;r;rp ikaj;jpd;

braw;iff;nfhs; jpl;l ,af;Feh;/ tsu;kjp/ k=;fs;ahd; braw;iff;nfhs; jpl;l ,af;Feh;
mUzd; Rg;igah nghd;nwhh; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fth;fs;.
TLjy; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjhpf
1. ,e;jpa tpz;btsp Muha;r;rp epWtdj;jpd; jw;nghija jiyth; ...............
m) khjtd; ehah; M) kapy;rhkp mz;zhJiu
,) rptd; <) tsh;kjp tpil: ,) rptd;
2. `Mh;agl;lh~ vd;w ,e;jpa Kjy; braw;iff;nfhis Vt[tjw;F fhuzkhdth; ...............
m) tpf;uk; rhuhgha; M) tp!;nt!;tua;ah
,) fpuz;Fkhh; <) uhjhfpU&;zd; tpil: m) tpf;uk; rhuhgha;
3. jpUtde;jg[uj;jpy; bray;gl;L tUk; Ma;t[ ikak; ...............
m) ghgh mQ Muha;r;rp ikak; M) ,e;jpuh fhe;jp mQ Muha;r;rp ikak;
,) rjP&; jtd; tpz;btsp Vt[js ikak;
<) tpf;uk; rhuhgha; tpz;btsp ikak; tpil: <) tpf;uk; rhuhgha; tpz;btsp ikak;
4. ,e;jpahtpd; 11?tJ FoauRj; jiyth; ahh;>
m) nf.Mh;. ehuhazd; M) jpUkjp. gpujPgh ghl;oy;
,) Mh;. bt=;fl;uhkd; <) V.gp.b$. mg;Jy; fyhk;
tpil: <) V.gp.b$. mg;Jy; fyhk;
5. `k=;fs;ahd;~ jpl;l ,af;Feh; .....
m) rptd; M) ,uhjhfpU&;zd;
,) mUzd; Rg;igah <) tsh;kjp tpil: ,) mUzd; Rg;igah
6. ,e;jpa tpz;btsp jpl;lj;jpd; je;ij vd;W miHf;fg;gLgth; ahh;>
tpil: tpf;uk; rhuhgha;
7. ,e;jpa Vt[fiz ehafd; vd;W nghw;wg;gLgth; ahh;> tpil: V.gp.n$. mg;Jy;fyhk;
8. 2015?y; jkpHf murpd; mg;Jy;fyhk; tpUijg; bgw;w Kjy; mwptpay; mwp+h; ahh;>
tpil: tsh;kjp
9. rh;.rp.tp. ,uhkd; epidt[ mwptpay; tpUijg; bgw;wth; ahh;>
tpil: kapy;rhkp mz;zhJiu
10. re;jpuhad; ?1 epytpd; g[wbtspia Muha;tij nehf;fkhff; bfhz;lJ. (rhpah/jtwh)
tpil: rhp
11. ,!;nuhtpd; xd;gjhtJ jiytuhfg; gjtpnaw;wth; ahh;> tpil: rptd;
12. ,Jtiu ,e;jpaht[f;fhf brYj;jg; gl;Ls;s braw;iff;nfhs;fs; vj;jid>
tpil: 45
13. flypy; kPd;fs; mjpfk; cs;s gFjpia kPdth;fSf;F bjhpag;gLj;Jk; brayp vJ>
www.tnpscjob.com tpil : netpf;
FWtpdh
1. Vt[fiz ehafd; ? mg;Jy;fyhk; Fwpj;Jf; TWf.
z ,e;jpahtpd; 11MtJ FoauRj; jiytuhfg; gzpahw;wpa ,e;jpa mwptpayhsh;.
jkpH;ehl;od; ,uhnkRtuj;ijr; nrh;e;jth;.
z Vt[fiz/ Vt[fiz Vt[ Ch;jpj; bjhHpy;El;g tsh;r;rpapy; fyhk; fhl;oa <Lghl;odhy;
mth; `,e;jpa Vt[fiz ehafd;~ vd;W nghw;wg;gLfpd;whh;.
z ghJfhg;g[ Muha;r;rp/ nkk;ghl;L epWtdj;jpYk; ,e;jpa tpz;btsp Muha;r;rp
epWtdj;jpYk; tpz;btspg; bghwpahsuhfg; gzpahw;wpdhh;.
z ,e;jpahtpd; cahpa tpUjhd ghuj uj;dh tpUJ bgw;wth;. ,th; jk; gs;spf; fy;tpiaj;
jkpH; tHpapy; fw;wth; vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.
2. kapy;rhkp mz;zhJiu ? Fwpj;J vGJf.
z `,isa fyhk;~ vd;W md;g[ld; miHf;fg;gLk; kapy;rhkp mz;zhJiu nfhit
khtl;lk; bghs;shr;rp tl;lk;/ nfhjtho vd;Dk; rpw;W}hpy; gpwe;jth;. nky;epiy
tFg;g[ tiu muRg; gs;spfspy; jkpH;tHpapy; goj;jth;. ,Jtiu 5 Kidth; gl;l=;fs;
bgw;Ws;shh;.
z 1982Mk; Mz;L ,e;jpa tpz;btsp Ma;t[ ikaj;jpy; gzpapy; nrh;e;j ,th; jw;nghJ
,af;Feuhfg; gzpg[hpfpwhh;.
z ek; ehL epyt[f;F Kjd; Kjypy; mDg;gpa Ma;t[f;fyk; re;jpuahd;?1 jpl;lj;jpd; jpl;l
,af;Feuhfg; gzpahw;wpath;. re;jpuahd;?2 jpl;lj;jpYk; gzpahw;wp tUfpwhh;.
z rh;.rp.tp.,uhkd; epidt[ mwptpay; tpUJ cs;spl;l gy tpUJfisg; bgw;wth;. jkJ
mwptpay; mDgt=;fis/ ifaUnf epyh vd;Dk; E}yhf vGjpa[s;shh;.
3. `mUzd; Rg;igah~ Fwpj;Jf; TWf.
z ,e;jpa tpz;btsp Ma;t[ ikaj;jpd; mwptpayhsUk;/ jpl;l ,af;FeUk; Mthh;.
z jpUbey;ntyp khtl;lj;jpd; Vh;tho mUfpy; cs;s nfhijnrhp vd;Dk; Ciur;
nrh;e;jth;.
z ,ae;jpug; bghwpapaypy; gl;lk; bgw;W/ 1984,y; jpUtde;jg[uj;jpYs;s tpf;uk;rhuhgha;
tpz;btsp ikaj;jpy; gzpapy; nrh;e;J/ jw;nghJ bg=;fAhpy; cs;s ,e;jpa tpz;btsp
Ma;t[ ikaj;jpy; gzpg[hpfpwhh;.
z 2013,y; k=;fs;ahd; braw;iff;nfhis cUthf;fpa ,e;jpahtpd; brt;tha; Rw;Wfyd;
jpl;lj;jpd; jpl;l ,af;Feuhf ,Uf;fpd;whh;.
1. gp.v!;.vy;.tp. (PSLV) gw;wpa[k; $p.v!;.vy;.tp. (GSLV) gw;wpa[k; bra;jpfisj; jpul;o tpsf;fg;

glj;bjhFg;g[ cUthf;Ff.
,e;jpa tpz;btsp Muha;r;rp epWtdkhd/ `,!;nuh~ rhh;gpy;/gp.v!;.vy;.tp (PSLV)./
kw;Wk; $p.v!;.vy;.tp (GSLV)./ uf uhf;bfl;Lfs; tpz;zpy; brYj;jg;gl;L tUfpd;wd.
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jfty; bjhlh;g[f;F gad;gLk;/ `$prhl; 6 V~ braw;iff;nfhs;/ $p.v!;.vy;.tp./

uhf;bfl; @yk;/ new;W khiy/ btw;wpfukhf tpz;zpy; brYj;jg; gl;lJ.
,e;j braw;iff;nfhs;/ _\hpnfhl;lhtpy; cs;s/ ,uz;lhtJ Vt[jsj;jpy;
,Ue;J/ new;W khiy/ 4:56 kzpf;F/ $p.v!;.vy;.tp./? vg; 8~ vd;w/ uhf;bfl; @ykhf/
btw;wpfukhf tpz;zpy; brYj;jg;gl;lJ. cs;ehl;L bjhHpy;El;gj;jpy; jahhpf;fg;gl;Ls;s/
MwhtJ/ `fpunahb$dpf; ,d;$pd;~ cjtpa[ld;/ tpz;zpy; brYj;jg;gl;l/ `$prhl; 6 V~
braw;iff;nfhs;/ Vtg;gl;l/ 17:50 epkpl=;fspy;/ g{kpapy; ,Ue;J/ 170 fpnyh kPl;lh;
cauj;jpy; epiy epWj;jg;gl;lJ. jw;nghJ brYj;jg;gl;l uhf;bfl;/ $p.v!;.vy;.tp./
ufj;jpy;/ 12tJ uhf;bfl;. `$prhl; 6 V~ braw;iff;nfhspd; Ma[l;fhyk;/ 10 Mz;Lfs;.
,jpy;/ bkhigy; nghd; jfty; bjhlh;g[f;F gad;gLk; rf;jp tha;e;j/ `v!; kw;Wk; rp ngz;l;
ouhd;!;ghz;lh;fs;~ bghUj;jg;gl;Ls;sd.
,JFwpj;J/ ,!;nuh jiyth; rptd; TwpajhtJ:
`$prhl; 6 V~ btw;wpfukhf Vtg;gl;lJ/ kfpH;r;rp mspf;fpwJ. Vw;fdnt Vtg;gl;l/
`$prhl; 6~ braw;iff;nfhSld;/ ,Jt[k; ,ize;J bray;gl;L/ jfty; bjhlh;g[f;F
tHptFf;Fk;. jw;nghJ brYj;jg;gl;l $p.v!;.vy;.tp./ uhf;bfl;/ ,uz;lhk; epiyapy;
bry;Yk;nghJ/ ce;J rf;jpia mjpfg;gLj;jt[k;/ kpd; fhe;j miyfshy; uhf;bfl;il
ghJfhf;ft[k; g[jpa bjhHpy;El;g=;fs; g[Fj;jg;gl;L/ nrhjidaplg;gl;lJ. me;j
bjhHpy;El;g=;fs;/ btw;wpfukhf bray;gl;ld.
,e;j Mz;oy;/ 10 braw;iff;nfhs;fis tpz;zpy; brYj;j cs;nshk;.
Fwpg;ghf/ `re;jpuhad; 2~ braw;iff;nfhs; cl;gl/ g{kp Ma;t[/ mwptpay;/
epy mstpLjy;/ jfty; bjhlh;g[/ kdpjh;fis tpz;zpw;F
mDg;g[tjw;fhd nrhjid cs;spl;l gphpt[fspy; braw;iff;nfhs;fs;
tpz;zpy; brYj;jg;gl cs;sd. ,t;thW/ mth; Twpdhh;.
2. tFg;g[j; njhHh; xUtiu mwptpay; mwp+uhf mkur;bra;J tFg;giwapy; fw;gidahf

neh;fhzy; xd;iw epfH;j;Jf.
fw;gid neh;fhzy;
tFg;g[j; njhHh; `mUz;~ vd;gtiu mwptpay; mwp+uhf mkur;bra;J `khyh~ fhQk;
neh;fhzy;.
khzth;fns/ ek; tFg;g[j; njhHd; `mUz;~ jhd; ek; Kd; mkh;e;jpUf;Fk; mwptpay; mwp+h;.
mtiu ek; rhh;gpy; ``khyh~~thfpa ehd; fhQk; ,e;j neh;fhzYf;F c=;fs; midtiua[k;
tuntw;fpnwd;
khyh : tzf;fk;- jpU. mUz; mth;fns.
mUz; : tzf;fk;- khyh kw;Wk; c=;fSld; mkh;e;jpUf;Fk; khzth;fSf;Fk;
tzf;fk;-
khyh : Iah/ mwptpay; mwp+uhfpa c=;fSf;F vd; thH;j;Jfs; c=;fs; ,sikf;fhyk;/
fy;tp Fwpj;Jf; TW=;fnsd;.
mUz; : vd; brhe;j Ch; kJiu khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s rpw;W}uhfpa nkY}h;. vd; bgw;nwhh;
jpdf; Typahfj;jhd; ntiy bra;jhh;fs;. ehd; v=;fs; CUf;F mUfpy; cs;s
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muRg; gs;spapy; jkpH;tHpapy; jhd; goj;njd;. gpwF vdf;F tpUg;gkhd

bghwpapay; gog;ig njh;e;bjLj;J g[hpe;J gapd;W ,e;j epiyf;F te;Js;nsd;.
khyh : rpwpa tajpy; c=;fs; vjph;fhy nehf;fk; vd;dthf ,Ue;jJ Iah-
mUz; : bghpjhf xd;Wk; ,y;iy. ed;whf gof;f ntz;Lk;. bgw;nwhh; f&;lj;ijj;
jPh;f;f ntz;Lk; vd;gnj.
khyh : c=;fs; gzpapy; Muk;g fhy epfH;t[fs; gw;wpf; TW=;fnsd;.
mUz; : gzpf;F nrh;e;j g[jpjpy; rw;W gaj;Jlndjhd; xt;bthU gzpiaa[k;
bra;ntd;. xU gzp epiwt[ bgw;w gpd; vd; @j;j mwptpay; mwp+hplk;
ghuhl;L bgw;why; jhd; kfpH;r;rpahf ,Uf;Fk;.
khyh : mg;gog;gl;l kfpH;r;rpahd jUzj;ij epidt[Th;e;J v=;fSld; gfph;e;J
bfhs;S=;fnsd;.
mUz; : xU braw;ifnfhs; Vt[jsj;jpy; vg;gog;gl;l bkd;bghUs; gad;gLj;j
ntz;Lk; vd;gJ gw;wpa Ma;tpy; ,ut[/ gfyhf Kad;W xU braypia
cUthf;fp mjid gad;gLj;Jk; Kiwa[k; cUthf;fpndd;. mg;nghJ
midtuJ ghuhl;ila[k; bgw;wnjhL gjtp cah;t[k; bgw;nwd;. mJ vd;
thH;tpy; kfpH;r;rpahd jUzkha; mike;jJ.
khyh : braw;iff;nfhs; bjhHpy; El;gj;jhy; ehl;Lf;F Vw;gLk; gad;fs; ahit>
mUz; : xt;bthU Mz;Lk; gaph; cw;gj;jp gw;wp fzpj;Jf; TWfpnwhk;.
epyj;jpy; ve;j ,lj;jpy; ePhpd; mst[ vt;tst[ vd;gij braw;iff;nfhs;
@yk; mwpfpnwhk;. fly;gFjpapy; ve;bje;j ,l=;fspy; kPd;fs; cs;sd
vd;gij bjhptpf;fpnwhk;.
jpwd;ngrp/ jhdpa=;fp/ gz,ae;jpuk; kw;Wk; gpw ,izar; bray;fs;
midj;jpw;Fk; braw;iff;nfhs; gad;gLfpd;wd.
khyh : eP=;fs; nkd;nkYk; rhjid g[hpa thH;j;Jfs; Iah- ed;wp- tzf;fk;-

www.tnpscjob.com
fw;fz;L
Þò™
ï£¡° ty;ypdk; kpfh ,l=;fs;
ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs;
rpWtpdh
1. ty;ypdk; ,l;Lk; ePff
; pa[k; vGJtjd; ,d;wpaikahikia vLj;Jf;fhl;LfSld; tpsf;Ff.
z brobfho vd;gjw;Fk;
brof;bfho vd;gjw;Fk; ntWghL cz;L.
brobfho vd;Dk; bjhlUf;F broa[k; bfhoa[k; vd;gJ bghUs;
brof;bfho vd;Dk; bjhluhdJ broapy; Vwpa[s;s bfho vd;nw bghUs;.
bro bfho vd;W vGJk; nghJ bro + ck; bfho + ck; vdg; gphpj;J vGJtJ `ck;~
vd;w brhy; bjhf;fp tUtjhy; ck;ikj;bjhif vdg;gLk;.
ck;ikj; bjhifapy; ty;ypdk; kpfhJ.
z vGj;Jfs; ? vGj;Jf;fs; ? ,tw;wpy; vJ rup>
,nj nghy fUj;Jf;fs;/ thf;Ff;fs;/ thH;j;Jf;fs; tpsf;Ff;fs; ,tw;wpy; tUk;
ty;ypdk; kpFkh>
tpFjpg; g[zh;r;rpapy;/ fUj;J + fs; (tpFjp) ty;byGj;Jf;Fg;gpd; tUk; typ kpFtjw;F
,yf;fzj;jpy; ve;j tpjpa[k; ,y;iy.
z ty;byGj;J (f;/ r;/ j;/ g;) Vd; kpf ntz;Lk;>
bghUisj; bjspthft[k; rupahft[k; czh;tjw;Fk; jkpH;bkhHpf;nf cupa
,d;ndhiria btspg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; ,d;wpaikahJ ntz;lg;gLfpwJ.

1. ty;ypdk; tUkh>:
m njhHp__Tw;W epiybkhHp cah;jpidaha; ,Ue;jhy; ty;ypdk; kpfh.
M bghpa__jk;gp Fwpg;g[g; bgabur;rj;jpy; ty;ypdk; kpfhJ.
, rpwpa__gwit Fwpg;g[g; bgabur;rj;jpy; ty;ypdk; kpfhJ.
< gHF__jkpH; tpidj;bjhifapy; ty;ypdk; kpfhJ.
c ,J__nfs; ,J vd;Dk; Rl;Lg; bgah;fspy; ty;ypdk; kpfhJ.
C vyp__fof;Fk; vGtha; bjhlhpy; ty;ypdk; kpfhJ.
v Xoa__Fjpiu bgabur;rj;jpy; ty;ypdk; kpfhJ
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V jUk;go__ brhd;dhh; ``go~~ vd Koa[k; tpidbar;rj;jpy; ty;ypdk; kpfhJ.

I thH;f__jiyth; tpa=;nfhs; tpidKw;Wj; bjhlhpy; ty;ypdk; kpfhJ.
x fhh;__fhyk; fhyg; bgah;r;brhy; vdnt ty;ypdk; kpfhJ.
2. ty;ypdk; ,lyhkh>
1. thH;j;J__fs; `fs;~ vd;Dk; gd;ik tpFjp nrUk; nghJ ty;ypdk;
,lf;TlhJ.
2. vGj;J__fs; ``fs;~~ vd;Dk; gd;ik tpFjp nrUk; nghJ ty;ypdk; ,Ljy;
TlhJ.
3. jpUepiw__bry;td; ``jpUepiw~~ I vd;Dk; ,uz;lhk; ntw;Wik cUg[
btspg;gLk; bjhlhpy; ty;ypdk; ,Ljy; ntz;Lk;.
4. jpUtsh;__bry;tp ``tsh;bry;tp~~ ? tpidj;bjhifapy; ty;ypdk; ,Ljy;

TlhJ.
3. vJ rhp> vJ jtW> fhuzk; TWf.

m. mz;zhkiyg; ``mz;zhkiy~~ vd;Dk; bgaiu mLj;J ty;ypdk;
gy;fiyf; fHfk; (jtW) ,Ljy; TlhJ.
,Ubgabuhl;Lg; gz;g[j; bjhifapy; ty;ypdk; kpFk;
mz;zhkiy gy;fiyf; vdnt gy;fiyf;fHfk; vd;gjpy; ty;ypdk; ,l;L
fHfk; vd;gJ jhd; (rhp) vGJtJ rhpna-
M. mj;jidr; rpwpa (jtW) `mj;jid~ vd;w brhy;ypd; gpd; ty;ypdk; ,Ljy;

mj;jid rpwpa (rhp) TlhJ.
,. Mj;jpr;No (rhp) Mj;jp ? mfu <W/ ,fu <W g[zUk;nghJ ty;ypdk;

kpFk;.
<. vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfs; (rhp) td;bjhlh; Fw;wpaYfuj;jpy; ty;ypdk; ,l;L vGj
ntz;Lk;.
c. fPH;gf;fk; (jtW) ,Ubgabuhl;Lg; gz;g[j;bjhifapy; ty;ypdk; kpFk;.
fPH;g;gf;fk; (rhp)
C. rhd;nwhh; nguit (rhp) epiybkhHpapy; cah;jpiz tUk;nghJ ty;ypdk;
,Ljy; TlhJ.
v. brd;idg; ,Ubgabuhl;Lg; gz;g[j;bjhifapy; ty;ypdk;

gy;fiyf;fHfk; (rhp) ,Ljy; ntz;Lk;.
V. japh;r;nrhW (rhp) ,Ubgabuhl;Lg; gz;g[j;bjhifapy; ty;ypdk;

,Ljy; ntz;Lk;.
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4. fPH;f;fhQk; bjhlh;fspy; ty;ypdk; kpFk; / kpfh ,l=;fisf; fz;lwpe;J mjw;fhd

,yf;fzk; mwpf.
m. t=;fpf;fld; ,fu <w;wpy; ty;ypdk; kpFk; (tpidahf te;jhYk;
(ty;ypdk; kpFk;) bgauhf te;jhYk; ty;ypdk; kpFk;)
M. gH=;fisg;gwpf;fhjPh;fs; Ì~ vd;Dk; ,uz;lhk; ntw;Wik cUg[ btspg;gLk;
(ty;ypdk; kpFk;) bjhlh; mjdhy; ty;ypdk; kpFk;.
,. jpl;l FG bgabur;rj;jpy; ty;ypdk; kpfhJ.

(ty;ypdk; kpfhJ)
<. muR Miz gpwg;gpj;jJ Miz gpwg;gpj;jJ vd;gJ ,uz;lhk; ntw;Wikj;
(ty;ypdk; kpfhJ) bjhif ? vdnt ty;ypdk; kpfhJ.
c. kUe;Jf;fil 1. bkd; bjhlh; Fw;wpaYfuj;jpd; gpd;Dk; typkpFk;.
(ty;ypdk; kpFk;) 2. ,Ubgabuhl;Lg; gz;gj
[ b
; jhifapy; ty;ypdk; kpFk;.
Fwpg;g[: bkd;bjhlh; Fw;wpaYfuk; vr;rg; bghUspy;
te;jhy; ty;ypdk; kpfhJ. ,r;brhy;ypy;
``kUe;J~~ gpd; ty;ypdk; kpFk;.
C. ntiyapy;yhg; gl;ljhhp <Wbfl;l vjph;kiwg; bgabur;rj;jpy; ty;ypdk;
(ty;ypdk; kpFk;) kpFk;.
v. rpwg;g[g; ghpR td;bjhlh; Fw;wpaYfuj;jpy; ty;ypdk; kpFk;.

(ty;ypdk; kpFk;)
goj;Jr; Ritf;f.
kapy;bghwpia thdj;jpy; gwf;f itj;njhk;
kzpgy;ytj; jPtpw;Fg; gwe;J brd;nwhk;
Fapy;bkhHpahk; fz;zfpia miHj;Jr; bry;yf;
Fd;Wf;F thdt{u;jp te;j bjd;nw
capy;nghd;W ek;Kd;ndhu; vGjp itj;j
cz;ikfshd mwptpaypd; mw;g[ jj;ijg;
gapy;fpd;w fhg;gpaj;jpy; goj;j bjy;yhk;
ghu;jd;dpy; edthff; fhQfpd;nwhk;-
? ghtyu; fUkiyj;jkpHhHd;
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bkhHpbgau;f;f:
Bottle xylophone, Make music with bottles.

You will need: 6 glass bottles, Wooden spoon, Wter, Food coloring.
 Fill one bottle with water, then fill each other bottle with slightly less than the bottle next to it.
 Add some food coloring to help you to see the different levels of water.
 Tap the bottles with the end of a wooden spoon. Can you play a tune?
Water music
Hitting the bottles with the spoon makes them vibrate and produce a sound. The more the bottle
vibrates, the higher the note will be. The more water in a bottle, the less it vibrates, so less water
means higher notes.
fz;zhog; g[l;ofshyhd ,irf;fUtp.
fz;zho g[l;ofs; @yk; ,iria cUthf;Fjy;.
njitahd cgfuz=;fs;:
 MW fz;zho g[l;ofs;
 kuj;jhyhd fuz;o xd;W
 jz;zPh;
 czt[g;bghUSf;Fg; gad;gLk; tz;zg;bgho.
bra;Kiw:
 Kjy; g[l;oapy; KGtJkhf jz;zPiu epug;g[. mLj;jLj;J tUk; g[l;ofspy; rw;W
Fiwthf epug;gpf; bfhs;.
 czt[g; bghUSf;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; tz;zg; bghoia jz;zPhpy; fye;J
bfhz;L/ xt;bthU g[l;oapYk; ntWgl;l mstpy; jz;zPh; epug;gpapUg;gij
mwpe;Jbfhs; (ghh;j;Jf;bfhs;)
 ,g;nghJ kuj;jhyhd fuz;oapd; mog;ghfj;ijf; bfhz;L g[l;ofspy; jl;odhy;/
,iria cd;dhy; cUthf;f Koa[k;.
jz;zPh; ,irahfpwjh>
 kuf;fuz;oapd; mog;ghfj;jhy; g[l;ofisj; jl;Lk; nghJ Vw;gLk; mjph;t[fshy; xyp
Vw;gLfpwJ.
 g[l;ofspy; epiwa ePh; ,Ue;jhy; Fiwthd mjph;t[fSk;/ Fiwthd ePh; cs;s
g[l;ofspy; epiwa mjph;t[fSk; Vw;gLk;. xypapd; mst[fs; ntWgl;L tUk;bghGJ/
mjw;nfw;g ,ira[k; (Tune) khWgl;L xypf;Fk;.
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gpd;tUk; gj;jpapy; ,lk;bgw;Ws;s gpwbkhHpr; brhw;fSf;F epfuhd jkpH;r; brhw;fis

vGJf.
ehf;Fjhd; Ik;g[yd;fspnyna buhk;g tPf;F- mjw;F ehd;F Mjhu Urpfs;jhk;
bjupa[k;. vYkpr;irapd; g[spg;g[/ ru;f;fiuapd; jpj;jpg;g[/ fhgpapd; frg;g[/ cg;g[. ,it jtpu
n!tup vd;W brhy;fpw nl!;l; vy;yhk; ,e;j ehd;F Mjhu Urpfspd; fyg;g[jhd;. ,e;j
Urpfisj; bjhl;L mwpa ehf;fpy; btt;ntW ,l=;fs; cz;L. jpj;jpg;g[ ? Edp ehf;F/
cg;g[ ? gutyhf/ Fwpg;ghf Edpapy;. frg;g[ ? cs;ehf;F. g[spg;g[/ n!tup ? ehf;fpd; tyJ ?
,lJ g[w=;fs;- xU ruhrhp kdpjDila ehf;fpy; 9/000 Rit mUk;g[fs; cz;L. myl;ly;
ntz;lhk;. FHe;ijapd; ehf;Fld; xg;gpLk;nghJ ,J xd;Wnk ,y;iy. VjhtJ kUe;ij
ehf;fpy; bjhl;lhy; FHe;ijfs; vd;dkhf vf;!;gpu&d; fhl;Lfpd;wd- Ritf;F thrida[k;
nruntz;Lk;. ,uz;Lk; xj;JiHj;jhy;jhd; ghjhk; my;th/ I!;f;uPk nghd;wtw;iw urpf;f
Koa[k;. @f;ifg; gpoj;Jf; bfhz;L I!;f;uPk; rhg;gpl;Lg; ghU=;fs;. $py;byd;W ,Uf;Fk;.
mt;tsnt. Tlnt NLk;/ cztpd; njhw;wKk; Kf;fpak;. @f;Ff;F bkhj;jk; VG
thridfs;. fw;g{u thrid/ bgg;gu;kpz;l; thrid/ kyu;fspd; thrid/ k!;f; vd;Dk;
mug[nrf; brz;l; thrid/ <j;ju; my;yJ bgl;nuhy; thrid/ mGfpa Kl;il thrid/
fhl;lkhd mkpy thrid. ,e;j VG thridfspd; fyg;g[fshy; ek;khy; Mapuf;fzf;fhd
thridfis czu KofpwJ. (Vd;> vjw;F> vg;go> ? R$hjh)
brhw;fs; jkpHhf;fk;
1. buhk;g tPf;F epuk;g rgyk;
2. Mjhu Urpfs; mog;gilr; Ritfs;
3. fhgp FHk;gp/ nfhg;gp/ bfhl;il toePh;
4. n!tup fhuRita[z;o
5. nl!;l; Rit
6. Urpfs; Ritfs;
7. ruhrup Vwj;jhH
8. myl;ly; kpifg;gLj;jpr; brhy;Yjy;
9. vf;!;gpu&d; tpist[fs;
10. thrid eWkzk;
11. my;th ,dpg;g[f;fsp
12. I!;f;uPk; gdpf;FiHt[
13. urpf;f fspf;f
14. $py;byd;W Fspu;r;rp vd;W
15. fw;g{u thrid Nlk; eWkzk;
16. bgg;gu;kpz;l; thrid g[jpdhr;Rita[s;s kpl;lha;fs;
17. k!;f; mug[nrf; brz;l; Mz;khdpypUe;J vLf;fg;bgw;w thridj; jputpak;
18. <j;ju; jPg;gw;wf; Toa bghUs;.
19. bgl;nuhy; thrid fy;bea; (fd;bda;)
20. mkpy thrid fhog; g[spak;.
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fijiag; goj;J ciuahlyhf khw;Wf. gf;fk;: 119

xU rpg;gp/ ,d;bdhU rpg;gpaplk; brhd;dJ ? Ìnah/ vd;dhy; typ jh=;f
Koatpy;iyna~. `Vd;> vd;dhr;R>~ vd;W tprhupj;jJ ,uz;lhtJ rpg;gp.
`vdf;Fs; Vnjh xU fdkhd cUz;il/ ge;J cUs;tJnghy; ,Uf;fpwJ. buhk;g
typ.~
,ijf; nfl;lJk; ,uz;lhtJ rpg;gpf;F kpFe;j kfpH;r;rp. bgUika[ld; be+;R
epkpu;j;jp/ `Mfh- ehd; ve;j typa[k; ,y;yhky;/ eykhf ,Uf;fpnwd;~ vd;wJ cw;rhfkhf.
,tu;fs; ngRtijf; nfl;Lf;bfhz;oUe;j xU ez;L/ ,uz;lhtJ rpg;gpaplk;
brhd;dJ? `cdf;F ve;j typa[k; ,y;iy vd;gJ cz;ikahf ,Uf;fyhk;. typiaj;
jh=;f tpUk;ghj eP/ vg;bghGJk; ,g;gona btWikahff; fplf;f ntz;oaJjhd;.
Mdhy;/ ,g;nghJ rpukg;gLj;Jk; me;j typ/ ,d;Dk; rpy ehs;fspy;/ Xu; mHfhd Kj;jhf
cUbtLf;Fk;. mJ bgUik njoj;jUk;.~
ciuahly;
(flw; fiunahuk; miyapypUe;J kPz;L te;jd ,uz;L rpg;gpfs;)
rpg;gp 1: typ jh=;fKoatpy;iyna> vd;d bra;tJ vd;W bjupatpy;iy.
rpg;gp 2: Vd;> vd;d Mr;R" new;W ed;whfj; jhnd ,Ue;jha;" ,d;iwf;F vd;d MdJ>
rpg;gp 1: vd; tapw;Wf;Fs; Vnjh fdkhd cUz;il ge;J cUStJ nghy ,Uf;fpwJ.
mjdhy; jh=;f Koahj typ....
rpg;gp 2: vdf;F ve;j typa[k; ,y;iy- ey;y ntis vdf;F ve;jj; bjhe;jut[k; ,y;iy- ehd;
kfpH;r;rpahf ,Uf;fpnwd;.
(mLj;j miyapypUe;J fiuapy; kPz;L epd;wJ xU ez;L)
ez;L: (2tJ rpg;gpaplk;) me;j rpg;gp typahy; Jof;fpwJ. cdf;F ve;j typa[k; ,y;iy"
`èd;whf ,Uf;fpnwd;~~ vd;W brhy;fpwha;> typiaj; jh=;f tpUg;gkpy;iy vd;fpwha;.
typiaj; jh=;fj; jauhf ,y;iy vd;fpwha;> mg;go vd;why; eP btWikahff;
fplf;f ntz;oaJ jhd;.
rpg;gp 2: Vd; typ te;jhy; vd;d thFk;> vdf;Ff; bfh+;rk; tpsf;fkhfr; brhy;Y=;fnsd.
ez;L: me;j ez;Lf;F typ rpukg;gLj;Jk;. Mdhy; rpy ehs;fspy; mjd; tapw;wpypUe;J
xU mHfhd Kj;jhf btsptUk;. me;j Kj;J vy;nyhUf;Fk; bgUik njoj;jUk;.
bra;J fw;f.
1. bra;jpj;jhs;fspy; ,lk;bgw;Ws;s xU thuj;jpw;Fhpa mwptpay; bra;jpfisg; goj;Jf;
Fwpg;bgLf;f.
ehs;: 14.4.18
rdpf;fpHik jpdkzp
r@fg; bghUshjhu tsh;r;rpf;fhd jpl;l=;fs; Fwpj;J g[jpa brayp cUthf;fpa
jpz;Lf;fy; khzth;fSf;F Kjy;gupR.
r@fg; bghUshjhu tsh;r;rpj; jpl;l=;fisg; bghJkf;fsplk; vspjhff; bfhz;L
bry;tjw;fhd g[jpa brayp kw;Wk; ,iza Kftup cUthf;fp ,Uf;fpd;wdh; khzth;fs;.
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ehs;: 14.4.18
rdpf;fpHik jp ,e;J
kk;kp g{id
vfpg;jpy; g{id flt[spd; xU totk;. murh; FLk;gj;ijg; nghynt
g{idfisa[k; ghlk; gz;zpf; fhj;Jte;jdh;. gpukpLfspYs;s Rtw;wpy; g[dpjg; g{idfs;
rpj;jhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,Jgw;wp gpugy NHypay; vGj;jhsh;. R. jpnahlh; gh!;fud; fl;Liuapy;
bjhptpj;jpUf;fpwhh;.
ehs;: 13.4.18
bts;spf;fpHik jpdkzp
I.Mh;.vd;.v!;.v!;. I I braw;iff;nfhs; tpz;zpy; btw;wpfukhf epiyepWj;jk;.
braw;iff;nfhSld; gp.v!;.vy;.tp. rp.41. uhf;bfl; _\hpnfhl;lh Muha;r;rp ika
Vt[jsj;jpypUe;J Vtg;gl;lJ. bra;jpahsh;fspd; nfs;tpfSf;Fg; gjpy; mspj;J mjd;
jiyth; rptd; Twpdhh;.
(,Jnghd;W/ md;whlr; bra;jpj;jhs;fspy; btspahFk; mwptpay; bra;jpfisj; bjhlh;e;J
goj;Jf; Fwpg;bgLj;Jf; bfhs;f)
2. m=;fhoapy; th=;fpa czt[g; bghUspd; cUthf;f ehs;/ Kot[ ehs;/ ciwapy;
mr;rof;fg;gl;l czt[g;bghUspd; Mw;wy;/ FwpaPl;Lg; gl;il (Barcode) Mfpatw;wpd;
tptu=;fisf; bfhz;L czt[g; bghUspd; cz;ikj;jd;ikia vg;go mwptJ>
ehk; m=;fhof;Fr; brd;W/ czt[g;bghUs;/ Fsph;ghd=;fs;/ mHFrhjdg;
bghUs;fs; nghd;wtw;iw th=;Fk;nghJ/ mjd; ciwfspnyh my;yJ nky; ml;ilg;
bgl;oapnyh FwpaPl;L gl;il (Barcode) mike;jpUf;Fk;/ mjd; cz;ikj; jd;ikia
Muha[k; Kiw. FwpaPl;Lg; gl;il ,lk; bgw;wpUf;Fk; gFjpia fzpdpa[ld; Toa xspf;
fjph; @yk; tULk; nghJ (Scanning) mg;bghUspd;
 vil  tpiy  cw;gj;jp bra;j ,lk;  ehs;
 ve;j ehs; tiu gad;gLj;jyhk; (Kot[ ehs;)
 mg;bghUspy; ml=;fpapUf;Fk; gpwbghUs;fspd; mst[/ jd;ik/ cw;gj;jp chpkk;
nghd;w midj;J tpgu=;fSk; jpiuapy; bjhpatUk;. ,k;Kiwapy; jhd; xU bghUis
th=;Fk;bghGJ Muha;e;J th=;Fjy; ntz;Lk;.
eak; ghuhl;Lf.
bgh=;fpa[k; bghype;Jk; ePz;l g[Jg;gplu; kapu;rp ypu;f;Fk;
rp=;fnk- thd tPjp jpFjpF vdv upf;Fk;
k=;fhj jzw;gp Hk;ng- khzpf;ff; Fd;nw- jPu;e;j
j=;fj;jpd; jl;nl- thdj; jfspapw; bgUtp sf;nf-
flypny nfho nfhof; fjpu;f;iffs; Cd;Wfpd;wha;
beLthdpy; nfho nfho epiwRlu;f; iffs; ePl;o
,ilg;gL kiynah fhnlh ,y;ynkh bgha;if Mnwh
ml=;fepd; xspm sht mike;jid- gupjp thHp-
? ghujpjhrd;.
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ghujpjhrdhh; 29.4.1891 ,y; g[Jitapy; gpwe;jhh;. ,tu; bgw;nwhu; fdfrig"

,yf;Fkp mk;khs;. ,tUila ,aw;bgau; fdfRg;g[uj;jpdk;. ghujpahh; g[Jitapy; thH;e;j
nghJ/ mtUld; el;g[f; bfhz;L/ mtu; kPJ bfhz;l md;g[ fhuzkhfj; jk; bgaiug;
ghujpjhrd; vdg; g[ide;J bfhz;lhu;.
,th; FLk;gtpsf;F/ ,Uz;l tPL/ jkpHpaf;fk;/ ghz;oad; gupR/ mHfpd; rphpg;g[/
fz;zfp g[ul;rpf; fhg;gpak; Kjyhd bjhz;Q}w;Wf;Fk; nkyhd E}y;fis ,aw;wpa[s;shu;.
ghlypd; ikaf;fUj;J:
,aw;ifia tUzpj;Jg; ghLtjpy; ty;ytu;. ,g;ghlypy;/ Nhpaid gy;ntW
tot=;fspy; tUzpj;Jg;ghLfpwhh;. cybf=;Fk; ,Uisg; nghf;fp jd; xsp msht
Rlh;f;iffs; ePl;o Cd;Wfpd;wJ.
ghlypd; jpuz;lfUj;J:
flYf;Fs;spUe;J bgh=;fpg; bghHpe;J gplhpkaph; rpyph;f;f tUk; rp=;fk; nghy
tUfpwha; eP- thdj;jpy; jpFjpF vd vhpf;Fk; jzw;gpHk;ng- khzpf;ff; Fd;nw- j=;fj;
jl;nl- thdj; jfspaw; bgU tpsf;nf-
flypy; cd; nfhof; iffis Cd;Wfpd;wha; beLthdpy; Rlh;f;iffis
ePl;Lfpwha;. ,ilapy; bjd;gLfpd;w kiy/ fhL/ ,y;yk;/ bgha;if/ MW mj;JizapYk;
cd; xsp msht[fpd;wJ. fjputnd- eP thH;f.
eak;:
ghlte;j bghUs; gw;wp kl;Lk; ghlhky; bra;a[Sf;nfa[upa gy;ntW ea=;fisa[k;
cld; mikj;Jg; ghoapUf;fpwhh;.
vJif eak;:
monjhWk; rPh;njhWk; ,uz;lhk; vGj;J xd;wp tug; ghLtJ vJif eak; MFk;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
bgh=;fp flypny
rp=;fnk beLthdpny
k=;fhj ,ilgL
j=;fj;jpd; ml=;fepd;
ftp+h; monjhWk; vJif eak; mik;jJr; bra;a[Sf;Fr; brhy;yHF
Cl;oapUf;fpwhu;.
nkhid eak;:
monjhWk; rPh;njhWk; Kjy; vGj;J xd;wp tuj; bjhLg;gJ nkhid MFk;.
fhl;Lf;F mHF ahid
ghl;Lf;F mHF nkhid vd;gJ nghy nkhidj; bjhlh;fis mikj;Jg;
ghoapUf;fpwhu;.
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vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
bgh=;fp bghype;J g[Jg;gplh;
k=;fhj khzpf;ff; Fd;nw
j=;fj;jpd; jl;L
flypny nfho nfhof; fjph;f;iffs;
,ilg;gL ,y;ynkh
ml=;f epd; mike;jid
mzp eak;:
tdpijf;F kzp mHF
bra;a[Sf;F mzp mHF ? vd;whw; nghy ftp+h;fs; jhk; brhy;y te;j bghUisr;
Rit+u;fspd; ,d;gj;jpw;nfw;gg; gad;gLj;Jthh;fs;.
ghujpjhrd; gupjpiag;(Nupaid) gy;ntW cUtf=;fshff; fhl;rpg; gLj;Jfpwhh;.
vdnt ,r;bra;a[spy; cUtf mzp gapd;Wte;Js;sJ.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
kaph;rpyph;f;Fk; rp=;fk;
k=;fhj jzw;gpHk;g[
khzpf;ff; Fd;W
j=;fj; jl;L
thdj;jfsp/ fjph;f;iffs;
,iag[ eak;:
ghl;Lf;F Xirapd;gk; jUtJ ,iag[eak;. ,g;ghlypy; ftp+h;/ monjhWk;
,Wjpr; rPu; xd;wpiza ,iag[ eak; mika ,iaj;Jg; ghoapUf;fpwhh;.
vLj;Jf;fhl;L:
kaph;rpyph;f;Fk;/ vd vhpf;Fk;/ Fd;nw/ bgUtpsf;nf
,t;thwhfg; gy;ntW ea=;fis mikj;Jg; ghpjpapd; Rliu tpsf;fpf; fhl;Lfpwhh;.
ghujpapd; gh+;rhyp rgjj;jpy; khiyf; fhy tUziz nghd;W ,g;ghly; mike;J
tps=;FfpwJ.
FGtpy; tpisahLf.
z ehd;F khztu;fs; bfhz;l FGf;fshf vz;zpf;iff;F Vw;gg; gpupe;J bfhs;f.
z Kjy; khztu; xU brhy;iyj; bjhl=;Ff.
z mjndhL bjhlu;g[ila xU brhy;iy ,uz;lhk; khztu; TWf.
z ,g;gona ehd;F khztu;fSk; Twpa brhw;fisf; bfhz;L xU bjhlu; mikf;f.
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v.fh.
khztu; 1 : fzpdp khztu; 2 : mwptpay;
khztu; 3 : jkpH; khztu; 4 : bkhHp
brhy;yg;gl;l brhw;fs;: fzpdp/ mwptpay;/ jkpH;/ bkhHp
bjhlu;: mwptpay;/ fzpdpj; bjhHpy;El;g tsu;r;rp Mfpatw;Wf;F <LbfhLj;Jj; jkpH;
bkhHp tsu;e;J tUfpwJ.
1. khzth; 1 : Vt[ Ch;jp 2. khzth; 1 : mlf;fk;
khzth; 2 : gha[k; khzth; 2 : ,U fz;fs;
khzth; 3 : tpz;btsp khzth; 3 : ekf;F
khzth; 4 : Vt[fiz khzth; 4 : bghWik
bjhlh;: bjhlh;:
tpz;btsp ikaj;jpy; Vt[ Ch;jpapy; mlf;fKk;/ bghWika[k; ekf;F ,U
epWj;jp itf;fg;gl;Ls;s Vt[fiz fz;fshfj; jpfH;fpwJ.
tpz;zpy; gha[k;.
3. khzth; 1 : bjhHpy;El;gk; 4. khzth; 1 : Ritj;jy;
khzth; 2 : ek; ehL khzth; 2 : fhzy;
khzth; 3 : tUfpwJ khzth; 3 : Efh;jy;
khzth; 4 : ehSf;Fehs; khzth; 4 : bjhLjy;
bjhlh; : bjhlh;:
ek; ehl;oy; bjhHpy; El;g=;fs; bjhLjy;/ Ritj;jy;/ Efh;jy;/ fhzy;
ehSf;F ehs; tsh;eJ
; tUfpwJ. Mfpa ehd;F g[yd;fshy; mwpa[k;
Mw;wy; bfhz;lit ehd;fwpt[ caph;fs;
vdg;gLk;
khzth;fns ,t;thwhf c=;fs; ez;gh;fSld; tpisahLk;nghJ c=;fs; bkhHp mwpt[
tsUk;.
mfuhjpapy; fhz;f. gf;fk;: 120
,kpH;jy;/ ,irt[/ Jtdk;/ rgiy/ Jfyk;
tpil:
,kpH;jy; ? ,dpjhjy;/ xypj;jy;/ ff;Fjy;
,irt[ ? ,zf;fk;/ rk;kjp/ bghUj;J jFjp/ Vw;wJ/ cld;ghL/ Xl;lk;
Jtdk; ? mf;fpdp/ beUg;g[
rgiy ? ,yf;Fkp/ jpg;gpyp/ eh/ kpd;dy;/ ntrp
Jfyk; ? g=;F
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xU brhy;yhy; bjhlupd; ,U ,l=;fis epug;g[f. (tpy=;F/ vGjp/ mfy;/ fhy;/ miy)

m) vz;bza; Cw;wp mfy; tpsf;F Vw;wpat[ld;/ ,lj;ijtpl;L mfy;
M) vdf;F fhy; g=;F gpupj;Jf; bfhLf;f th- fPnH <uk;: ghu;j;J cd; fhy; I it.
,) ifg;bghUisf; fly; miy apy; bjhiyj;Jtpl;L/ fiuapy; njo miye;jhy;
fpilf;Fkh>
<) tPl;L tpy=;F Md eha[ld; tpisahLtJ kfpH;r;rp jUk;" btspapy; mjidf; fGj;J
tpy=;F cld; kl;Lnk gpoj;Jr; bry;y ntz;Lk;.
c) vGj;jhzp bfhz;L vGjpa jkpiH/ Vt[fizapy; vGjp vy;yhf; ;nfhspYk; Vw;W=;fs;.
xU bjhlupy; ,Utpidfis mikj;J vGJf.

Ftpe;J ? Ftpj;J" nru;e;J ? nru;j;J" gzpe;J ? gzpj;J" bghUe;J ? bghUj;J" khW ? khw;W.
(v.fh) tphpe;jJ ? tpupj;jJ.
m) kiHf;fhw;W tPrpajhy;/ g{tpd; ,jH;fs; tpupe;jd" kapy; njhifia tpupj;jJ.
M) Mw;wpy; moj;J te;j kzy; Ftpe;jJ" th=;fpa kziy tPl;Lf;F Kd;g[ Ftpj;J
itj;njhk;.
,) ifapy; fhR nrh;e;jJ" nrh;e;j fhRfisr; rpWnrkpg;gpy; nrh;;j;J itj;njhk;.
<) Mrphpau; brhy;Yf;F khzth;fs; gzpe;J ele;jdu;. tpLKiwapy; ,d;dpd;d
ghl=;fisg; goj;J tUkhW gzpj;jpUf;fpwhh;.
c) gpd;tUk; brhw;fisg; gpd;Fwpj;j gpwbrhw;fnshL bghUe;JkhW bghUj;jpf;
fhl;Lf.
C) gpwUila jPatHpapy; ,Ue;J eP khW" mth;fis cd; tHpf;F khw;W.
fhl;rpiaf; fz;L ftpDw fUj;jspf;f.

kdpjd; ntl;ilaho
tpy=;fis moikg;gLj;jpdhd;
moikfsplk; Kjyhsp Mfpf; bfhz;lhd;
mwptpay; fz;Lgpog;g[fisg;
gad;gLj;jpf; bfhz;lhd;
mwpitf; fUtpf;F moikahf;fpdhd;
fUtpfs; kdpjid moikahf;fpaJ.
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bray;jpl;lk;
kpd;rhu nrkpg;g[ gw;wpa tpHpg;g[zu;t[ KHf;fj;bjhlu;fis vGjp tFg;giwapYk;
gs;spapYk; fhl;rpg;gLj;Jf. gf;fk;: 121
kpd;rhu nrkpg;g[g; gw;wpa KHf;fj; bjhlh;fs;:
1. kpd; ,ae;jpu=;fisj; jtph;g;nghk; 4. Ms; ,y;yh miwfspy;
kpd;rhuk; nrkpg;nghk; ? ek; kpd; tprpwp ,af;fhjPh;.
Mnuhf;fpaj;ija[k; fhg;nghk;. 5. kpd;rhu rpf;fdk;
2. kpd;rhu nrkpg;g[ kpd;rhu cw;gj;jpf;Fr; njit ,f;fzk;.
rkkhFk;. 6. FHy; tpsf;ifa[k;
3. ePuhjhuk; bgUf;Fnthk; kpd; Fz;L tpsf;ifa[k;
cw;gj;jpiaa[k; bgUf;Fnthk;. jtph;g;nghk;.
kpd;rhuk; nrkpg;nghk;.
epw;f mjw;Fj;jf...
vd; bgw;nwhu; kfpGkhW ehd; bra;a ntz;oaJ
1. vd; tPl;od; epiyawpe;J/ njitawpe;J bghUs;fs; th=;FtJ.
2. miyngrpg; gad;ghl;oidg; gj;J epkpl=;fSf;F nky; ePl;of;fhky; ,Ug;gJ.
3. bjhiyf;fhl;rp ghu;g;gijf; Fwpg;gpl;l neukhff; Fiwj;Jf; bfhs;tJ.
4. Kaw;rp bra;jhy; Koa[k;/ vd; ntiyia ehnd bra;J jUntd;.
5. vd; j=;ifnahL nghl;onghlhky; Mz;/ bgz; ntWghod;wp cupikiar; rkkhfg; bgw
bra;ntd;.
6. ehd; FoapUf;Fk; bjUtpy; Fg;igf; Ts=;fs; nj=;fhjthW ghh;j;Jf; bfhz;L gpwh;f;F
Kd;khjphpahf ele;J bfhs;ntd;.
fiyr;brhy; mwpnthk;
Vt[ Cu;jp ? Launch Vehicle
gjptpwf;fk; ? Download
Vt[fiz ? Missile
gazpau; bgau;g; gjpt[ ? PNR (Passenger Name Record)
fly;iky; ? Nautical Mile
kpd;dQ ,ae;jpu=;fs; ? Electronic devices
fhbzhypf; Tl;lk; ? Video Conference

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ciueil cyfk;
Þò™
ä‰¶ fy;tpapy; rpwe;j bgz;fs;
ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs;
FWtpdh
1. rhujh rl;lk; vjw;fhf ,aw;wg;gl;lJ>
z bgz; Kd;ndw;wj;jpw;Fj; jilf;fy;yha; ,Ug;gJ FHe;ijj;jpUkzk;.
z mjidj; jLf;Fk; nehf;fj;jpy; 1929k; Mz;L rhujh rl;lk; bfhz;L tug;gl;lJ.
rpWtpdh
1. r=;ffhyg; bgz;ghw; g[yth;fspd; bgah;fis vGJf.
bgz;ghw; g[yth;fs; :
z xsitahh;  ef;fz;izahh;
z xf;Th; khrhj;jpahh;  fhf;ifg;ghodpahh;
z Mjpke;jpahh;  bts;sptPjpahh;
z btz;zpf;Faj;jpahh;  eg;griyahh;
z bghd;Koahh;  fhtw;bgz;L
z ms;Sh; ed;Ky;iyahh; Mfpnahh; Mthh;.
2. ,d;iwa bgz;fy;tp vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; tpy;Yg;ghl;L totpy; ghly; vGJf>
,d;iwa bgz;fy;tp
FGj;jiyth; : Cjh=;FHiy vLf;Fk; bgz;nz
eP vGJnfhiy vLf;fntQk;/ ifapny...
kw;nwhh; : Mkh ifapny....
FGj;jiyth; : XL/ br=;fy; bra;a[k; bgz;nz/ VblLj;J eP nghfQk;....
kw;nwhh; : Mkh ... nghfQk;.
FGj;jiyth; : rpe;jpf;Fk; @is cdf;F ntz;Lk;. mk;kh.... eP epe;ijiag;
bghWj;Jf;nfh
mk;kh... eP cd; jpwikiaf; fhl;L mk;kh...
kw;nwhh; : Mkh... jpwikiaf; fhl;L mk;kh...
FGj;jiyth; : KoahJ bgz;zhny vd;w nfypapid tpul;o moj;J Koj;Jf; fhl;L
mk;kh eP ... Koj;Jf; fhl;L mk;kh ...
kw;nwhh; : Mkh... Koj;Jf; fhl;L...
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FGj;jiyth; : bry;yk;kh eP bry; mk;kh gs;spf;F... gl;lk; bgW mk;kh rl;lk; bra;
mk;kh... ehnl cd;id tz=;fl;Lk; mk;kh...
kw;nwhh; : Mkh... ehnl cd;id tz=;fl;Lk; mk;kh...
3. kUj;Jth; Kj;Jbyl;Rkpapd; rhjidfisf; Fwpg;gpLf.

kUj;Jth; Kj;Jbyl;Rkpapd; rhjidfs;:
y 1886-y; gpwe;j Kj;Jbyl;Rkp mth;fs; gy rhjidfSf;Fk;/ nghw;WjYf;Fk; chpath;.
y jkpHfj;jpd; Kjy; bgz; kUj;Jth;.
y ,e;jpag; bgz;fs; r=;fj;jpd; Kjy; jiytuhft[k;/ brd;id khefuhl;rpapd; Kjy; Jiz
nkauhft[k;/ rl;l nkyitf;Fj; njh;e;bjLf;fg;gl;l Kjy; bgz;kzpa[k; Mthh;.
y milahw;wpy; 1930-y; mt;it ,y;yk;/ 1952y; g[w;Wneha; kUj;Jtkid Mfpatw;iw
epWtpath;.
y njtjhrpKiw xHpg;g[r; rl;lk;/ bgz;fSf;Fr; brhj;Jhpik tH=;Fk; rl;lk;/
,Ujhuj;jilr;rl;lk;/ FHe;ijj; jpUkzj; jilr;rl;lk; Mfpait epiwntw fhuzkhf
,Ue;Js;shh;;.
4. ePyhk;gpif mk;ikahhpd; jkpH;g;gzpapd; rpwg;igf; Fwpj;J vGJf.

jkpH;g;gzpapd; rpwg;g[:
y ePyhk;gpif mk;ikahh; kiwkiyaofspd; kfs; Mthh;. je;ijiag; nghynt jdpj;jkpH;g;
gw;Wilath;.
y ,tuJ jdpj;jkpH; fl;Liu/ tlbrhy;?jkpH; mfuthpir/ Kg;bgz;kzpfs; tuyhW/
gl;odj;jofs; ghuhl;oa @th; Mfpa E}y;fis vGjp jkpH;g; gzpahw;wpa[s;shh;.
y nkYk;/ ,tUila E}y;fs; jdpj;jkpHpy; vGj tpUk;g[nthh;f;F kpft[k; gaDs;sdthf
tps=;Ffpd;wd.
beLtpdh
1. eP=;fs; mwpe;j rhjidg; bgz;fs; Fwpj;j bra;jpfis tpthpf;f.
Kd;Diu:
epiyj;j g[fGila fy;tpahYk; rhjidfshYk;/ gy jilfisj; jhz;og; gy
bgz;kzpfs; rhjid g[hpe;J mHpahg; g[fH; bgw;Ws;sdh;. mth;fSs; rpyiug; gw;wp mwpe;J
bfhs;nthk;.
gz;oj ukhgha;:
1858 ?Mk; Mz;L Kjy; 1922 ? Mk; Mz;L tiu thH;e;j ,th; r@fj; jd;dhh;tyh;.
gy jilfis kPwpf; fy;tp fw;Wg; gz;ojuhfpath;. bgz;fspd; cah;t[f;Fj; Jiz epd;wth;/
``bgz;ik vd;why; cah;t[~~ vd;gjw;Fr; rhd;whthh;.
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Ilh!; nrhgpah:
1870 Kjy; 1960 tiu thH;e;jth;. bgz;fs; kUj;Jtuhtij kUj;Jt cyfnk
tpUk;ghj fhyj;jpy; kUj;Jtk; fw;wnjhL/ jkpHfj;jpw;F te;J kUj;Jtuhfp ntY}h; fpwp!;jt
kp&d; kUj;Jtkidia epWtpath;.
@tY}h; ,uhkhkph;jk; :
1883 Kjy; 1962 tiu thH;e;j ,th;/ jkpHfj;jpd; r@fr; rPh;jpUj;jthjp/ vGj;jhsh;/
murpay; bray;ghl;lhsh;/ njtjhrp xHpg;g[r;rl;lk; epiwntw Jizepd;wth;. ,tiur;
rpwg;gpf;Fk; tifapy; jkpHf muR kfsph; jpUkz cjtpj; bjhifia ,thpd; bgahpy; tH=;fp
tUfpwJ.
rhtpj;jphpgha; g{ny :
1831 Kjy; 1897 thH;e;jth;. 1848 k; Mz;L bgz;fSf;bfd bjhl=;fg;gl;l
gs;spapy;/ Mrphpauhfg; gzpahw;wpath;. ,tnu ehl;od; Kjy; bgz; Mrphpah; Mthh;.
kyhyh :
ghfp!;jhdpy; xLf;fg;gl;oUf;Fk; bgz;fSf;F/ bgz; fy;tp ntz;Lbkdg;
gd;dpuz;L tajpny nghuhl;lf;fsj;jpy; ,w=;fpa tPuk=;if Mthh;.
Kot[iu :
,d;W gy;JiwfspYk; rpwg;g[w;W tps=;f/ Kd;ng tHpfhl;oa ,th;fs; midtUnk
rhjidg; bgz;kzpfns.
``g[tp tsk; bgwnt
g[jpa cyfk; eyk;bgwnt
thHpant bgz;ik thHpant~~
TLjy; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjhpf
1. milahw;wpy; g[w;Wneha; kUj;Jtkid epWtg;gl;l Mz;L ........... epWtpatu; ...........
m) 1982/ ukhgha; M) 1952/ Kj;Jbyl;Rkp
,) 1960/ Ilh!; nrhgpah !;fl;lh; <) 1970/ rptfhkp
tpil: M) 1952/ Kj;Jbyl;Rkp
2. ``KoahJ bgz;zhny~~ vd;w khiaapid Klf;f vGe;jtu; ...........
m) mwp+h; mz;zh M) mk;ngj;fh;
,) je;ij bghpahh; <) fhkuh$h; tpil: ,) je;ijbgupahu;
3. ``bgz;zoik jPUk; tiu kz;zoik jPUnkh~~ vd ,o KHf;fk; bra;jtu; ahu;>
m) ghujpahh; M) ghujpjhrd; ,) ftpkzp <) ehkf;fy; ftp+h;
tpil: M) ghujpjhrd;
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4. \z;lu;FG mikf;fg;gl;l Mz;L ...........

m) 1972 M) 1952 ,) 1872 <) 1882
tpil: <) 1882
5. 80 Mapuk; FHe;ijfs; fy;tp bgw cjtpaha; ,Ue;jtu;
m) ukhgha; M) Kj;Jbyl;Rkp
,) rhtpj;jphpgha; g{ny <)ifyh&; rj;ahh;j;jp
tpil: <) ifyh&; rj;ahu;j;jp
6. ``gl;odj;jhu; ghuhl;oa @tu;~~ vd;w E}iy ,aw;wpatu;
m) ,uhn$!;thp mk;ikahh; M) fhiuf;fhy; mk;ikahh;
,) ePyhk;gpif mk;ikahh; <) rptfhkp mk;ikahh;
tpil: ,) ePyhk;gpif mk;ikahu;
7. <.bt.uh ? ehfk;ik ,ytrf;fy;tp cjtpj;jpl;lk; ........... cupaJ.
m) gl;lnkw;gog;gpw;F M) gl;la nkw;gog;gpw;F
,) bghwpapay; gog;gpw;F <) kUj;Jt gog;gpw;F
tpil: m) gl;lnkw;gog;gpw;F
8. nfhj;jhup fy;tpf;FG mikf;fg;gl;l Mz;L ........... MFk;.
m) 1972 M) 1951 ,) 1964 <) 1965
tpil: ,) 1964
FWtpdh
1. jkpHpd; bghw;fhyk; vdg; g[fHg;gLk; fhyk; vJ>
z ghl;lhfpa gj;Jg;ghl;Lk;/ bjhifahfpa vl;Lj; bjhifa[k; cUthd fhyk;.
z jkpGzu;t[ tsu;e;J/ cau;e;jpUe;j fhykhfpa r=;f fhynk bghw;fhyk; vdg; g[fHg;gLk;
fhyk; MFk;.
``ghl;Lk; bjhifa[k; cUthd fhyk;
Cl;Lk; jkpGzu;t[ cau;e;jpUe;j fhyk;~~
2. bgz;fy;tp nkk;ghl;ow;F M=;fpy muR bra;jJ vd;d>

z bgz; fy;tp nkk;ghl;ow;fhf M=;fpy muR/ 1882 y; \z;lu; FGit mikj;J/
Kjd;Kjypy; bgz; fy;tpf;Fg; gupe;Jiu bra;J rl;lk; ,aw;wpaJ. mwpf;ifa[k;
btspapl;lJ.
z me;j mwpf;ifapd; go/ kuhl;oa khepyj;jpy; n$hjpuht;g{ny/ rhtpj;upgha; g{ny ,izau;
Kjd; Kjypy; bgz;fSf;fhd gs;spiaj; bjhl=;fpdhu;fs;
3. vtw;iwbay;yhk; jhahff; fUJfpnwhk;>

ehL/ ejp/ bkhHp/ g[tp Kjypatw;iwj; jhahff; fUJfpnwhk;.
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4. r=;ffhyg; bgz;ghw; g[yth;fspd; rpwg;gpid vLj;jpak;g[f.

z bgz;Qzh;tpidg; ghlypy; je;jdh;.
z J}J brd;wdh;.
z Jaiuj; jPh;j;jdh;
z XJk; jkpHhy; cah;itg; bgw;wdh;.
5. gf;jp ,af;fk; tsh;e;j fhyj;jpy; ,iwtDf;Fg; ghkhiy Nl;oath;fs; ahh;>

z fhiuf;fhy; mk;ikahh;
z Mz;lhs;
6. Ilh!; nrhgpah !;fl;lh; ? Fwpg;g[ tiuf.

bgz;fs; kUj;Jtuhtij kUj;Jt cyfnk tpUk;ghj fhyj;jpy;/ jkpHfj;jpw;F te;J/
kUj;Jtuhfp ntY}hpy; ,ytr kUj;Jtk; mspj;jth;jhd; Ilh!; nrhgpah !;fl;lh; Mthh;.
7. kuhl;oa khepyj;jpy; Kjd; Kjyhfg; bgz;fSf;fhd gs;spiaj; bjhl=;fpath;fs; ahh;>

z n$hjpuht; g{ny
z rhtpj;jphpgha; g{ny
rpWtpdh
1. Kw;fhyj;jpy; bgUik bgw;w bgz;fs; gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLf.
z rkz kjk;/ g[j;jkjk; tsu;e;j fhyj;jpy; kzpnkfiy fw;wwpe;j bgz;zhfnt ,Ue;jhs;.
z gf;jp ,af;fk; tsu;e;j fhyj;jpy; fhiuf;fhyk;ikahu;/ Mz;lhs; Kjypa bgz;fs;
,iwtDf;Fg; ghkhiy NLk; Mw;wy; bgw;wpUe;jhu;fs;.
2. <.j ,uhn$!;tup mk;ikahu; Fwpg;g[ tiuf>

z ,uhn$!;tup mk;ikahu; 1906 Kjy; 1955 tiu thH;e;jtu;.
z jkpH;/ ,yf;fpak;/ mwptpay; Mfpa Jiwfspy; rpwe;J tps=;fpdhu;.
z jpUke;jpuk;/ bjhy;fhg;gpak;/ ifty;ak; nghd;w E}y;fspy; cs;s mwptpay; cz;ikfs;
Fwpj;Jg; gy brhw;bghHpt[fs; Mw;wpdhu;.
z Nupad;/ gukhQg;g[uhzk; nghd;w mwptpay; E}y;fis vGjpa[s;shu;.

1. ,d;iwa rhjidg; bgz;kzpfs; vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; bjhFg;ngL cUthf;Ff.
rhjidg; bgz;kzpfs;:
,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;od;; ,izaw;w bgz;kzpfs;/ gynrhjidfisf; fle;J rhjid
bra;J gj;jphpiffspy; jiyg;g[r; bra;jp Mdth;fs;.
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,e;jpuh fhe;jp:
,e;jpuh gphpajh;&pdp/ ,e;jpahtpd; ,Uk;g[g; bgz;kzp. ehl;od; gpujkuhf/ vjph;f;fl;rp
jiytuhf ,Ue;j bghGJ gy tpkh;rd=;fs;/ gy jilfs; te;jhYk;/ ja=;fhJ Jzpr;ryhd
gy Kot[fis vLj;J ghuj ehl;il caur; bra;jth;.
md;id bjurh:
fUizapd; kW cUtk; ,th;. mikjpf;fhd ``nehgy;~~ ghprpida[k;/ ,e;jpa ehl;od;
kpf cahpa tpUjhd ``ghuj uj;dh~~ tpUija[k; bgw;wth;. mehijfs;/ Mjutw;wth;fs;/
nehahspfs; vd midtUf;fhft[k; jk; thH;it mh;g;gzpj;j md;gpd; jpU cUtk;. mfpynk
``md;id~~ vdf; bfhz;lhoa bgUikf;Fhpath;.
vk;. v!;. Rg;g[byl;Rkp:

,irj; Jiwapy; cyfg;g[fH; bgw;wth;. I.eh kd;wj;jpy; ,irf;fr;nrhp elj;jpa Kjy;
,e;jpag; bgz;kzp. gf;jpg; ghly;fs;/ fPh;j;jidfs;/ jpiu ,irg; ghly;fs; vd midj;J
,irtotpYk; Kj;jpiugjpj;j fiykhkzp ,th;.
,e;jpuh E}ap:
cyfpd; Kd;dzp czt[ kw;Wk; Fsph;ghd epWtdkhd/ ``bgg;rpnfh~~tpd; jiyikr;
bray; mjpfhhp. mbkhpf;f mjpgh; blhdhy;L l;uk;g; cUthf;fpa[s;s Mnyhridf; FGtpy;
,lk; bgw;Ws;s ,e;jpa tk;rhtsp rhh;e;j jkpH;g; bgz;.
g;hpj;jp gl;nly;:
F$uhj;ijg; g{h;tPfkhff; bfhz;l 44 tajhd ,th; ,=;fpyhe;J mikr;ruitapy;
rh;tnjr tsh;r;rpj; Jiw ke;jphpahfg; bghWg;ngw;Ws;shh;.
fpahuh eh;fpd;:
bjd;dhg;gphpf;fhitr; nrh;e;j ,e;jpa tk;rhtsp rpWkp. 16 tanj Mdth;. Mu+;Rg;
gHj;njhiy cwp+;R bghUshfg; gad;gLj;JtJ @yk; epyj;jpy; ePiuj; jf;f itj;J/
twl;rpf; fhyj;jpYk; tpisr;riyg; bgwyhk; vdf; fz;lwpe;jhh;. ,th; rkh;g;gpj;j ``jz;zPh;
,y;yhg; gaph;fs; ,dp ,y;iy~~ vd;w Ma;t[f;F 50/000 lhyh; ghprhfg; bgw;whh;.
!;blBgp fpuhBg;:
bld;dp!; tPuh=;fid/ cybf=;Fk; cs;s gj;jphpiffspy; jiyg;g[r; bra;jp Mdth;/ 22
fpuhz;l;!;yhk;/ xU xypk;gpf; j=;fg; gjf;fk;/ fpuhz;l; gphP gl;l=;fs; gy bgw;wth;. jw;nghJ
nghh;fshy; ghjpf;fg;gLk; ehLfspy; cs;s FHe;ijfSf;F Mjut[ mspj;J fhj;J tUfpwhh;.
brhPdh tpy;ypak;!; :
mjpuoahf MLk; bld;dp!; tPuh=;fid. ehd;F xypk;gpf;fpy; j=;fk; btd;W
!;blBgpfpuhBgpd; rhjidia Kwpaoj;jth;.
n$. nf. ut[yp=; :

tWikr;NHy;/ r@fj;jpd; epuhfhpg;g[fs; ,itfisbay;yhk; jhz;o/ ``\hhp ghl;lh;~~
fij vGjp btw;wp bgw;wth;. cyfg; g[fH; bgw;w bgz;kzp.
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khzth;fns/ ,r;rhjidg; bgz;kzpfspd; g[ifg; gl=;fisa[k; jpul;o/

,j;jfty;fSld; bjhFg;ngL jahhpj;Jf; bfhs;S=;fs;.
nkYk;/ fy;gdh rht;yh/ nkhpnfhk;/ rhdpah kph;rh/ !;Fth&; jPgpfh/ lhf;lh; rhe;jh vd
gy rhjidahsh;fs; gw;wpa[k; bjhpe;J bfhs;S=;fs;.
2. fy;tp Fwpj;j rpwg;g[j; bjhlh;fs;/ bghd; bkhHpfisj; jpul;of; fl;Liu tiuf.
bjhlh;fs;
z fw;nwhUf;Fr; brd;w ,lbky;yhk; rpwg;g[
z ifg;bghUs; jd;dpd; bka;bghUs; fy;tp
z fy;tp fiuapy fw;gth; ehs; rpy
z fw;wJ ifkz;zst[ fy;yhjJ cyfst[
z fy;tpaHnf mHF
bghd;bkhHpfs;
z fw;w fy;tpa[k; bgw;w bry;tKk; filrp @r;R tiu gpwUf;Ff; bfhLf;fj;jhd;.
z vLj;jhy; FiwtJ bry;tk;/ bfhLj;jhy; tsh;tJ fy;tp.
z fy;tp Xh; mzpfyd;/ mzpe;jhy; mHF jUk;/ mzptpj;jhy; rpwg;gpidj; jUk;.
fy;tpapd; rpwg;g[
Kd;Diu:
``bts;sj;jy; mHpahJ
bte;jHyhy; ntfhJ~~
vjdhYk; mHpf;f Koahj tpGr;bry;tkhk; fy;tpapd; rpwg;g[fshtd.
brd;w ,lbky;yhk; rpwg;g[:

fy;tpbaDk; nfoy;yhj bry;tj;ijg; bgw;wtd; v=;F/ vt;tplk; brd;whYk; r@
fj;jhy; kjpf;fg;gLfpwhd;. fw;wtDf;F vy;yh CUk; brhe;j Cnu/ vy;yh ehLk; brhe;j
ehnlahFk;. ,jidna bgha;ahg; g[ytDk;/
`àhjhDk; ehlhkhy; Cuhky; vd;bdhUtd;
rhe;Jiza[=; fy;yhj thW~~ vd;whh;.
bka;g;bghUs; fy;tp:
cyfg; bghUs;fshfpa tPL/ bry;tk;/ bghd;/ epyk; ,itaht[k; gUg;bghUs;fs;.
fs;tdhy; fsthlg;gLk;/ bts;sj;jhy; beUg;ghy; mHpa[k;. Mdhy; fy;tp Ez; bghUshk;
bka;g;bghUs; MFk;. fs;tdhy;/ giftdhy; bfhs;sg;glhJ. bfhLf;f bfhLf;f
tsUnkad;wp Fiwt[glhJ. vdnt fy;tp bka;g; bghUshFk;.
epw;f mjw;Fj; jf:

xUtd; jhd; vt;tst[ fy;tp fw;whYk; mjidr; bray; totpy; jf;f itj;Jf; bfhs;s
ntz;Lk;. mg;nghJ jhd; mtd; fw;w fy;tpapd; gad; fpilf;Fk;. fw;w fy;tpapd; tHp
elf;ftpy;iybadpy; gad; ,y;iy vd;gij.
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``fw;f frlw fw;git fw;w gpd;

epw;f mjw;Fj; jf~~ vd;w ts;Std; tHp tps=;fpf; bfhs;syhk;.
fz;Qilnahh; fw;nwhh;:
Kfj;jpd; fz;zhdJ fw;wtUf;Fhpa milahskhff; Twg;gLfpwJ. fy;tpawpitg;
bgw;wtnd fz;Qilatd;. mjidg; bgwhjtdpd; fz;fs; fz; vdg;gLtjpy;iy.
mit Kfj;jpd; g[z;fns MFk;.
``fz;Qilah; vd;gth; fw;nwhh; Kfj;jpuz;L
g[z;Qilah; fy;yh jth;~~
fw;gtnd thH;gtd;:
kdpjd; Ma[s; KGtJk; fw;Wf; bfhz;nl ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;. ``fw;f kWg;gtd; thH
kWg;gtd; Mfpwhd;~~. fy;tpf;fhf caph; bfhLj;njhh; kuzpg;gjpyiy. mjhtJ fw;gth;
ehs; rpythf ,Ue;J mth;fs; cly; mHpayhk;. Mdhy; mth; fw;w/ fw;Wf; bfhLj;j fy;tp
cyfk; mHpa[k;tiu epiyj;jpUf;Fk;. vdnt fw;gtd;/ fy;tpf;fhf caph; bfhLg;gtd; vd;Wk;
thH;fpwhd;.
Kot[iu:
xUtd; xU gpwtpapy; fw;w fy;tpahdJ mg;gpwtpf;F kl;Lkpd;wp VnHG gpwtpf;Fk;
cld; ,Ue;J thH itf;Fk;.
``xUikf;fz; jhd;fw;w fy;tp bahUth;f;F
vGika[k; Vkhg;g[ cilj;J~~.

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ftpijg; ngiH
Þò™
ä‰¶ FLk;g tpsf;F ghujpjhrd;
E}y; Fwpg;g[ :
``FLk;g tpsf;F~~ vd;Dk; ,e;E}y; FLk;g cwt[fs; md;g[ vd;Dk; E}yhy; gpize;Js;sJ
vd;gij czh;j;JfpwJ.
fy;tpfw;w bgz;fisf; bfhz;l FLk;gk; xU ``gy;fiyf; fHfkhf~~ kpspUk; vd;gij
,e;E}y; TWfpwJ.
,e;E}y; Ie;J gFjpfshfg; gFf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mitahtd xUehs; epfH;r;rp/
tpUe;njhk;gy;/ jpUkzk;/ kf;fl;ngW/ Kjpnahh; fhjy; vd;git MFk;.
FLk;gk; Kjy;/ cyfpidg; ngQjy; tiu jd; gzpfisr; rpwg;ghfr; brk;ikahfr;
bra;a[k; bgz;fSf;Ff; fy;tp Kjd;ikahdJk; ,d;wpaikahjjhFk; vd;gijna ,e;E}y;
ikaf; fUj;jhff; bfhz;Ls;sJ.
,uz;lhk; gFjpahfpa tpUe;njhk;gy; vd;Dk; gFjpapy;/ jiytpapd; ngr;rpy; ,lk;
bgw;Ws;s ftpijfns ek; ghlg; gFjpahf mike;Js;sd.
Mrphpah; Fwpg;g[ :
ghnte;jh; ghujpjhrd; 1891 ? k; Mz;L Vg;uy; 29k; ehs; g[Jr;nrhpapy; gpwe;jhh;. ,tuJ
,aw;bgah; fdf Rg;g[uj;jpdk; MFk;. ,th; jk; bgw;nwhh; fdfrig ,yl;Rkp (,yf;Fkp)
Mthh;. jkpH;bkhHp/ jkpHh; cah;t[f;fhf ftpij ghoath;. bre;jkpiH brGe;jkpHhff; fhz
tpUk;gpath;. ghujpahh; kPJ bfhz;l <h;g;gpdhy;/ ghujpjhrd; vd;W jk; bgaiu khw;wpf;
bfhz;lhh;.
,aw;wpa E}y;fs; :
ghz;oad; ghpR/ mHfpd; rphpg;g[/ ,Uz;l tPL/ nrujhz;ltk;/ jkpHpaf;fk;/ ,is+h;
,yf;fpak;/ fz;zfp g[ul;rpf; fhg;gpak;/ jkpHr;rpapd; fj;jp nghd;w 96 f;Fk; nkw;gl;l
E}y;fis ,aw;wpg; g[fH; bgw;wth;.
,tuJ gprpuhe;ijahh; vd;Dk; ehlfE}y; 1970 k; Mz;Lf;fhd rhfpj;a mfhjkp ghprpidg;
bgw;wJ. ,th; ,aw;wpa ftpijfs; midj;Jk; ``ghnte;jh; ghujpjhrd; ftpijfs;~~ vd;Dk;
bgahpy; bjhFf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
ghlypd; bghUs;
ghly; ? 1
fsh;epyKk;/ fHdpa[k;
fy;tpawpt[ ,y;yhj bgz;fs; gz;glhj fsh; epyj;ijg; nghd;wth;fs;. me;epyj;jpy;
g[y; Kjyhf fisr; brofns tsUk;. ey;y gaph;fs; tsuhJ/ tpise;J gad;juhJ.
fy;tpawptpy;yh bgz;fsplk; mwpt[ ila ed;kf;fs; njhd;wkhl;lhh;fs;.
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fy;tpiaf; fw;wwpe;j mwpt[ila bgz;fs; gz;gl;l ed; bra; epyk; nghd;wth;fs;.

ed;bra; epyj;jpy; ew;gaph; tpise;J gad; jUtJ nghy/ mwpt[ila bgz;zplk; rpwe;j
mwpt[ila ed;kf;fs; cUthFfpd;wdh; vd;gij etpyt[k; ntz;Lnkh>
brhy;Yk; bghUSk; :
fsh;epyk; – cth; epyk; [gz;glhepyk;] g[jy;th;fs; – kf;fs;
tpisjy; – cUthFjy; fHdp – ed;bra;epyk;
etpyy; – brhy;;yy;
ghly; ? 2
,UghyUf;Fk; bghJnt-
thD}h;jpahfpa Mfha tpkhdk; brYj;Jjy; (,af;Fjy;)/ kpfg; bghpa cyifa[k;/
fliya[k; msj;jy; nghd;w vr;bray; MapDk; Mz;/ bgz; Mfpa ,UghyUf;Fk;
bghJthdit. Mdhy; ,jid czuhJ/ ,d;W cyfkhdJ Mz;fspd; fl;Lg;ghl;oy;
eype;J nghdjhy; jhd; bgz;fSf;F tpLjiya[k; gwpnghdJ md;nwh-
brhy;Yk; bghUSk; :
thD}h;jp brYj;Jjy; – Mfha tpkhdk; ,af;Fjy;
itak;/ ehdpyk; – cyfk;
Miz – fl;lisapLjy; (fl;Lg;gLj;Jjy;)
khf;fly; – bgU=;fly;
ghly; ? 3
fy;tp ,y;yhs; kpd;dhs;
,d;W bgz;fs; j=;fSf;bfd cs;s ntiyfisg; bghd;idg; nghy; jd; ifahnyna
ngzpr; bra;jy; ntz;Lk;. mth;fspd; tpLjiyf;fhd bray;fisa[k; jd; kyh;nghYk;
kw;bwhU fuj;jhy; bgz;fns bra;jy; ntz;Lk;. ,t;tpuz;ila[k; brk;ikaha;r;
bra;tjw;Fg; bgz;Qf;Ff; fy;tp ntz;Lk;. kpd;dy; nghy xspUk; ,ay;g[ilath;fs;
bgz;fs;. mj;jF bgz;Qf;Ff; fy;tpawpt[ ,y;iybadpy; mts; jd; thH;tpy; vd;Wk;
xspukhl;lhs; vd;nw ehd; brhy;ntd;.
brhy;Yk; bghUSk; :
,aw;Wf – bra;f kpd;dhis – kpd;dy; nghy xsph;gtis
kpd;dhs; – xspukhl;lhs; gzp – ntiy
ghly; ? 4
ed;dhisf; fhz;nghk;
cztpidr; rikg;gJ/ tPl;L ntiyfisr; rypg;gpy;yhky; bra;tJ nghd;wit
bgz;fSf;nf chpait vd;W TWtJ bghUj;jkw;wJ. mit ekf;Fk; chpait vd;W
Mz;fs; Vw;Wf; bfhs;Sk; vz;zk; tuntz;Lk;. me;j ed;dhisf; fhz;nghk;. rikg;gJ
jhH;btd vz;zyhkh> rikg;gth; czit kl;Lk; rikg;gJ ,y;iy. rikj;J md;ghf
ghpkhwp cz;zr; bra;tJ @yk; mjw;Fk; nkyhf ,d;gj;ija[k; gilf;fpd;wdh;.
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brhy;Yk; bghUSk; :
rypg;gpd;wp – mah;t[/ btWg;gpd;wp
,d;gk; rikf;fpd;whh; – kfpH;r;rpiag; gilj;jy;
ed;dhs; – Mz;fs; rikaiyj; jd; gzp vd Vw;Fk; ehs;
ghly; ? 5
thH;t[ eyk; bgWjy;
jk; kf;fl;F czitr; rikj;Jj; jUtJ vd;gJ btWk; ntiyad;W. mBJ capiu
cUthf;FtJ nghd;wJ MFk;. thH;f;if vd;gJ bghUl;bry;tj;jhnyh/ tpy;/ ths; nghd;w
fUtpfshy; btspg;gLj;Jk; tPuj;jhnyh miktJ md;W. mLg;gpny beUg;g[ ,l;L/
rikf;Fk; fyj;jpy; Ritia ,l;L/ mUfpny mkh;e;J/ cs;sj;J md;ghy; ghpkhWtjpy;jhd;
thH;t[ eyk; bgWfpwJ.
brhy;Yk; bghUSk; :
caph; Mf;fy; – capiu cUthf;FtJ
jhHp – rikf;Fk; fyd;
jzy; – beUg;g[
mzpe;jpUe;J – mUfpy; mkh;e;J
cs;sj;J md;gpl;l czt[ – cs;sj;jpy; njhd;Wk; md;ghy; ghpkhWjy;
ghly; ? 6
bgz; fy;tp ntz;Lk;
rikf;Fk; gzp kl;Lnk bgz;fSf;Fj; jtph;f;f Koahj gzpahFk;. mJnt
mth;fSf;F chpa flik. rikay; vd;Dk; gzp ey;y jha;khh;fSf;nf chpajhFk;.
jkpH;j;jpU ehl;oy; ,Uf;Fk; ,t;tHf;fj;jpid/ vz;zj;jpidf; fz; ,ikf;Fk; neuj;jpy;
ePf;f ntz;Lkhapd; bgz;fSf;F vg;nghJk; fy;tp ntz;Lk;.
brhy;Yk; bghUSk; :
jtph;f;f Koah – ePf;f Koahj ,ikg;nghjpy; – behog; bghGjpy;
ahz;Lk; – vg;bghGJk;
,yf;fzf; Fwpg;g[fs; :
khf;fly; – chpr;brhy; bjhlh; Mf;fy; – bjhHpw; bgah;
bghd;nd nghy; – ctk cUg[ kyh;fi
; f – ctikj; bjhif
tpy;ths; – ck;ikj; bjhif ey;ywpt[ – gz;g[j; bjhif
,aw;Wf – tpa=;nfhs; tpidKw;W ciug;ngd; – jd;ik xUik tpidKw;W
thH;nthk; – jd;ikg; gd;ik tpidKw;W
jtph;ff
; xzh – <W bfl;l vjph;kiwg; bgabur;rk;
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tpistJ ? tpis + t; + m + J rikf;fpd;whh; ? rik + f; + fpd;W + Mh
tpis ? gFjp/ rik ? gFjp/
t; ? vjph;fhy ,ilepiy f; ? re;jp
m ? rhhpia fpd;W ? epfH;fhy ,ilepiy
J ? glh;f;if xd;wd; ghy; Mh; ? gyh;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp
tpidKw;W tpFjp
tpisjy; ? tpis + jy; jpUe;jpa ? jpUe;J + ,(d;) + a; + m
tpis ? gFjp/ jpUe;J ? gFjp/
jy; ? bjhHpw; bgah; tpFjp ,(d;) ? ,we;j fhy ,ilepiy
a; ? clk;gL bka; re;jp
m ? bgabur;r tpFjp
fhz;nghk; ? fhz; + g; + Xk; Mf;fy; ? Mf;F + my;
fhz; ? gFjp/ Mf;F ? gFjp/
g; ? vjph;fhy ,ilepiy my; ? bjhHpw; bgah; tpFjp
Xk; ? jd;ikg; gd;ik tpidKw;W
tpFjp
ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjhpf
m) rpWg+;r @yk; ? 1. fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;
M) FLk;g tpsf;F ? 2. r=;f ,yf;fpak;
,) rPtf rpe;jhkzp ? 3. mw ,yf;fpak;
<) FWe;bjhif ? 4. jw;fhy ,yf;fpak;
f) m ? 3/ M ? 4/ , ? 1/ < ? 2 c) m ? 2/ M ? 3/ , ? 1/ < ? 4
=) m ? 3/ M ? 1/ , ? 4/ < ? 2 r ) m ? 4/ M ? 1/ , ? 2/ < ? 3
tpil : f) m ? 3/ M ? 4/ , ? 1/ < ? 2
FWtpdh
1. jiytpapd; ngr;rpy; btspg;gLfpd;w ghLbghUs; ahJ>
z FLk;g tpsf;fpd; jiytpapd; ngr;rpy;/
z bgz;Qf;F tpLjiy ntz;Lbkdpy; fy;tp ntz;Lk;"
z bgz; xspu ntz;Lbkdpy; fy;tp ntz;Lk;"
ehl;od; tHf;fj;ij khw;w ntz;Lbkdpy; fy;tp ntz;Lk; vd;W ``bgz;fy;tp ntz;Lk;~~
vd;gijna ghLbghUshff; bfhz;L jiytp ngrp/ jd; fUj;ij btspg;gLj;Jfpwhs;.
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rpWtpdh
1. rikg;gJ jhH;th> ,d;gk; rikf;fpd;whh; rikay; bra;thh;.
m) ,d;gk; rikg;gth; ahh;> M) ghnte;jh; Tw;Wg;go rikg;gJ jhH;th>
m) ,d;gk; rikg;gth;
czitr; rikg;gtnu/ mjid md;g[ld; gilg;gJ @yk; (ghpkhWtJ @yk;)
,d;gj;ija[k; rikg;gth; Mthh;.
M) rikg;gJ jhH;th :
czitr; rikj;Jj; jUtJ capiu cUthf;FtJ nghd;wjhFk;.
vdnt ghnte;jh; Tw;Wg;go rikay; jhH;thfhJ.
beLtpdh
1. FLk;g tpsf;F E}ypy; jiytp ngr;rpy; btspg;gLk; bgz;fy;tpf;fhd fUj;Jfis ,d;iwa
NHYld; xg;gpl;L vGJf.
Kd;Diu:
ghujpjhrd; ,aw;wpa FLk;g tpsf;F vd;Dk; E}ypy;/ FLk;gj;jiytp jd;
cs;sf;fUj;Jfis btspg;gLj;Jk; nghJ/ bgz;fy;tp Fwpj;j fUj;Jfisa[k;
btspg;gLj;Jfpwhh;. mt;thW jiytp TWk;/ fUj;JfSk;/ ,d;iwa NHiya[k; ghh;g;nghk;.
jiytpapd; ngr;R:
fy;tp ,y;yhj bgz;fs; gz;glhj cth;epyk; nghd;wth;fs;" m=;F gadw;w g[y;
tpise;jplyhk;. mwpthh;e;j g[jy;th;fs; cUthtjpy;iy. fy;tpawpt[ bgw;w bgz;fs;/
gz;gl;l ed;bra; epyk; nghd;wth;fs;. mth;fs; @ynk rpwe;j mwpthh;e;j kf;fs;
cUthfpd;wdh;.
bgz;fy;tp ,y;yhjjpdhy;/ ,d;W cyfk; Mz;fspd; fl;Lg;ghl;oy; eype;J nghdjhy;/

bgz;fSf;F tpLjiy gwpnghdJ.
fy;tpawpt[ ,y;yhj bgz;/ kpd;dy;nghy; xspUk; mHF bgw;wtshapDk;/ mts; thH;t[

xsph;tjpy;iy.
``fy;tp ,y;yh kpd;dhs;
thH;tpy; vd;Wk; kpd;dhs;~~
rikf;Fk; gzp/ jha;khh;fSf;nf chpaJ vDk; tHf;fj;jpidf; fz; ,ikf;Fk; neuj;jpy; ePf;f
ntz;Lkhapd; bgz;fSf;F vg;nghJk; fy;tp ntz;Lk;.
,d;iwa NHy; :
fy;tp fw;w bgz; FLk;gj;jiytpaha; ,Ug;gjhy;/ gl;l=;fSk;/ gjtpfSk; bgWk;
kf;fl;ngW ,y;ye;njhWk; fhzg;gLfpwJ.
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JiwnjhWk;:
thD}h;jpiar; brYj;Jjy; tpz;fyj;jpy; bry;Yjy;/ kUj;Jth;/ vdg; gy;ntW
JiwfspYk;/ cyif msj;jy;/ khf;fliy msj;jy; vd midj;Jj; JiwfspYk; MQf;F
epfuhf bgz;Qk; ,lk;bgWfpwhs;/ brayhw;Wk; jpwd; cilatsha; ,Uf;fpwhs; vd;gij
kWf;f ,ayhJ.
``thD}h;jp brYj;jy; ita
khf;fly; KGJ ksj;jy;
Mdvr; braYk; Mz;bgz;
midth;f;Fk; bghJnt~~ Mfptpl;lJ.
rikay;gzp :
rikg;gJk;/ tPl;L ntiyfisr; rypg;gpy;yhky; bra;tJk; bgz;fSf;F chpaJ vd;w
epiy khwptUfpwJ. Mz;fSk; mjidj; jhH;thf vz;zhJ Vw;W elj;Jk; fhyk; te;J
bfhz;oUf;fpwJ vdpy; kpifahfhJ.
FLk;g tpsf;F jiytpngRk;/ fhy fl;lj;ij tpl ‘bgz;fy;tp’ ,d;W gy kl=;F
tsh;e;jpUf;fpwJ.
Kot[iu:
``gl;l=;fs; Ms;tJk; rl;l=;fs; bra;tJk;
ghhpdpy; bgz;fs; elj;j te;njhk;~~
vd;w ghujpapd; fdt[ thpfs; edthfpf; bfhz;L jhd; ,Uf;fpd;wJ.
TLjy; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjhpf
1. cztpid Mf;fy; kf;fl;F ............... md;nwh
m) caph; Mf;fy; M) caph; mHpj;jy; ,) czthf;fy; <) cztHpj;jy;
tpil: m) capu; Mf;fy;
2. fy;tpia cila bgz;fs; ............... Mthu;.
m) cth; epyk; M) gz;glhj epyk; ,) jpUe;jpa fHdp <) fpzw;Wj; jtis
tpil: ,) jpUe;jpa fHdp
3. kyu;f;if vd;gjd; ,yf;fzf;Fwpg;g[ ahJ>
m) gz;g[j;bjhif M) tpidj;bjhif
,) cUtfk; <) ctikj;bjhif tpil: <) ctikj;bjhif
4. cztpid Mf;fy; kf;fl;F
capu; Mf;fy; md;nwh ? ,t;toapy; cs;s eak; ahJ>
m) mo nkhid M) mo vJif ,) rPh; ,iag[ <) mo ,iag[
1) m ? rhp 2) ,/ < ? rhp 3) ehd;Fk; rhp 4) ehd;Fk; jtW
tpil: 1) m ? rhp
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5. bghUj;Jf:
m) jzy; ? 1 rikf;Fk; fyd;
M) jhHp ? 2 bra;f
,) ,aw;Wf ? 3 brhy;yy;
<) etpyy; ? 4. beUg;g[ tpil: m4 M1/ ,2/ <3
6. ``ck;ikj;bjhif~~ mike;Js;s brhy;iyj; nju;e;bjL.
m) tpy;ths; M) gzKk; gila[k; ,) kyUk; <) Mz;fSk;
tpil : tpy;ths;
7. rhfpj;jpa mfhbjkp tpUJ bgw;w ghujpjhrdpd; E}y; vJ>
m) FLk;g tpsf;F M) ,Uz;l tPL
,) mHfpd; rphpg;g[ <) gprpuhe;ijahh; ehlfk;
tpil: <) gprpuhe;ijahu; ehlfk;
8. FLk;g cwt[fs; ............... vd;Dk; E}yhy; gpize;Js;sJ.
m) nfhgk; M) md;g[ ,) mlf;fk; <) ftiy
tpil: M) md;g[
9. FLk;g tpsf;F ............... gFjpfshfg; gFf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
m) 4 M) 6 ,) 5 <) 7
tpil: ,) 5
10. ghujpjhrd; gilg;g[fspy; bghUe;jhjijf; fz;lwp.
m) ghz;oad; ghpR M) bghd;dpapd; bry;td;
,) mHfpd; rphpg;g[ <) ,Uz;l tPL
tpil: M) bghd;dpapd; bry;td;
FWtpdh
1. FLk;g tpsf;fpd; ghLbghUshf miktd ahit>
z FLk;g tpsf;F/ FLk;g cwt[fs; md;g[ vd;Dk; E}yhy; gpize;Js;sij czh;j;JfpwJ.
z fw;w bgz;zpd; FLk;gnk gy;fiyf;fHfkhf kpspUk; vd;gijf; fhl;LfpwJ.
2. ghujpjhrdpd; gilg;g[fs; ahit>
z ghz;oad; ghpR
z mHfpd; rphpg;g[
z ,Uz;l tPL
z FLk;g tpsf;F
3. vr;bray;fs; ,Ughyh;f;Fk; bghJthdJ vd;fpwJ FLk;g tpsf;F.
thD}h;jpiar; brYj;Jjy;/ cyifa[k; fliya[k; msj;jy; nghd;w ve;jr; braYk;
Mz;/ bgz; ,UghyUf;Fk; bghJthdJ vd;fpwJ FLk;g tpsf;F.
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4. jiytp vtw;iwg; bghUj;jkw;wit vd;fpwhs;>

rikg;gJ/ tPl;L ntiyfisr; rypg;gpy;yhky; bra;tJ nghd;wit bgz;fSf;nf
chpait vd;W TWtJ bghUj;jkw;wJ vd;fpwhs; jiytp.
rpWtpdh
1. ghujpjhrd; Fwpg;g[ tiuf.
z ghujpjhrdpd; ,aw;bgah; fdf Rg;g[uj;jpdk;.
z ,th; ghujpapd; ftpij kPJbfhz;l <h;g;gpdhy; ghujpjhrd; vd;W jk;bgaiu khw;wpf;
bfhz;lhh;.
z ghz;oad; ghpR/ mHfpd; rphpg;g[/ ,Uz;l tPL/ FLk;g tpsf;F/ jkpHaf;fk; cs;spl;lit
,tuJ gilg;g[fs;.
z ,th; ,aw;wpa ftpijfs; midj;Jk; `ghnte;jh; ghujpjhrd; ftpijfs;~ vd;Dk; bgahpy;
bjhFf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
z ,tuJ gprpuhe;ijahh; ehlf E}Yf;Fr; rhfpj;jpa mfhbjkp tpUJ tH=;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
2. FLk;g tpsf;F E}ypd; Ie;J gFjpfs; ahit>

y xUehs; epfH;r;rp  tpUe;njhk;gy;  jpUkzk;  kf;fl;ngW  Kjpnahu; fhjy;
Kjypa Ie;J gFjpfisf; bfhz;lJ FLk;g tpsf;F.
1. gl;l=;fs; Ms;tJk; rl;l=;fs; bra;tJk;

ghhpdpy; bgz;fs; elj;j te;njhk; ? ghujp
k=;ifauha;g; gpwg;gjw;nf ey;y khjtk;
bra;jply; ntz;Lkk;kh.... ? ftpkzp
bgz;vdpy; ngij vd;w vz;zk;
,e;j ehl;oy; ,Uf;Fk; tiuf;Fk;
cUg;gly; vd;gJ rhpg;glhJ ? ghnte;jh;
,it nghd;w bgz;ikiag; nghw;Wk; ftpij mofisj; jpul;Lf.

1. md;bgd;Dk; C+;rypy; 2. ePuhf epykhf tpz;zhf
mHfhf mire;jpLk; fhw;whf ahJkhf
capuhf cwthf
Mde;jg; bgz;ik xsph;fpd;w rf;jp ePna-
3. fhe;jk; eP 4. bgz;ikna kdpjid Mf;Fk; bja;tk;
fUiz eP bgz;ikna khDlhpy; thGk; bja;tk;
vhpkiy eP
beUg;g[k; eP bgz;ikna kdpjid MSk; bja;tk;
gdp cUtr; rpw;gKk; ePna.
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5. bgz;ik cah;t[ kdpjh; eybky;yhk; 6. vy;yhk; flt[s; bray; vd;W

bgz;ikapdhy; cz;L bjhil eL=;Fk; bghy;yh=;F
jPh;j;Jg; g[Jik bra;a te;jtns bgz;
7. eha;vd;W etpy;thh;fF
; k; ?,g;gt
[ pf;F 8. bgz;zoik jPUkl;Lk; ngRe; jpUehl;od;
jha; vd;W fhl;lj;jkpHh;fF
; tha;jj
; ts; kz;zoik eP=;Fjy; Kaw;bfhk;ng...
2. MQf;Fk; rikay; bra;aj; bjhpe;jpUg;gjd; gad; Fwpj;J tFg;giwapy; fye;Jiuaho mjd;

fUj;Jfisj; bjhFf;f.
khzth;fns-
ek; ghlg;gFjpahd FLk;g tpsf;fpy;/ jiytp ngRk; bghGJ/ Mz;fSk; rikay;
gzpia Vw;Wf; bfhs;Sk; ehs; ed;dhs; vd;whs; my;yth...
mjd; mog;gilapy; Mz;fSf;Fr; rikay; bra;aj; bjhpe;jhy; vd;bdd;d gad;
vd;gJ Fwpj;Jf; fye;JiuahL=;fs;. eh=;fs; nfl;L kfpH;fpnwhk;.
fye;JiuahLgth;fs;
(ehjd;/ mKjh/ ,dpah/ Kfpyd;)
mKjh : ehjh" ,g;nghJ jhd; gs;spf;F tUfpwhah> Vd; jhkjk;...
ehjd; : mtru ntiyapd;; epkpj;jkhf vd; mk;kh CUf;Fr; brd;W tpl;lhh;fs;.

filapy; czt[ th=;fp tuj; jhkjkhfp tpl;lJ.
,dpah : vd;d> cd; mk;kh CUf;Fr; brd;W tpl;lhh;fsh> filapyh czt[ th=;fpdha;.
ehjd; : Mkhk; ,dpah- ehd;/ vd; je;ij/ vd; mz;zd; @tUnk Mz;fs; my;yth-
mjdhy; tPl;oy; rikay; ,y;iy.
Kfpyd; : vd;dlh ,J- @tUf;Fk; xd;Wnk bjhpahjh>
ehjd; : bjhpahJ Kfpyh" njePh; Kjy; czt[ tiu filapy; jhd;-
Kfpyd; : ,njh- ghh; vd; mk;kht[f;Fk; ,d;W cly; epiy rhpapy;iy. fhiyapny
kUj;Jtkid brd;W tpl;lhh;. ehDk; vd; je;ija[k; jhd; rikay; bra;njhk;.
,dpah : mg;goah- Kfpyh
Kfpyd; : Mkhk; ,dpah- ntiy bra;nj vd; mk;kh kpft[k; nrhh;eJ

; cly; eyk;
Fd;wptpl;lhh;fs;. mjdhy; vd; je;ij/ Kfpyh- ePak [ ; ehDk; mk;kht[fF
; rw;W
Xa;t[ bfhLg;nghk;. mth;fs; epjhdkhf kUj;Jthplk; brd;W Mnyhrid bgw;W
tul;Lk; vd;whh;.
mKjh : vg;go rikj;jPh;fs;>
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Kfpyd; : fhiyapny mg;gh filf;Fr; brd;W fPiu th=;fp te;jhh;. mth; nrhW rikf;Fk;
Kd; ehd; fPiuiar; Rj;jk; bra;J/ mjidr; rikg;gjw;Fj; njitahd bt=;fhak;
nghd;wtw;iw chpj;Jf; bfhLj;J ehd; gs;spf;Fg; g[wg;glr; brd;nwd;. mg;gh
mk;khittpl ntfkhfr; rikj;J tpl;lhh;. rj;Js;s czt[k; fpilj;jJ. filf;Fr;
bry;Yk; miyr;ry;/ gzk;/ neuk; vy;yhk; kpr;rk;.
ehjd; : ehDk; xU fhbzhspapy; ghh;jn
; jd;. rikay; bjhpa[k; Mz;fSf;Ff; fiya[zh;tk
[ /;
jd;dk;gpf;ifa[k; mjpfk; vd;Wk;" Mz;fs; rikay; fw;Wf; bfhs;tjhy; tPlo ; y;
rkj;Jtk; tsUk;" vy;nyhUf;Fk; xUth; nky; xUth;fF ; mf;fiw TLk;" tPzhd
bryt[fs; jtph;ff
; g;gLk;" filapy; czit th=;fp cz;gjhy; Vw;gLk; cly; eyf;
nfLfisj; jtph;ff ; yhk; vd;Wk; me;jf; fhbzhsp tpsf;fpaJ. Kfpyh...
Kfpyd; : ehjd; " ,dp ek; tPl;oy; ek; md;id cly; eyf; Fiwt[w;whnyh/ CUf;Fr;
brd;whnyh ek; njitf;F ek; je;ij/ ek; rnfhjuh;fs; ,ize;J rikf;f
Kaw;rpg;nghk;...
mKjh/ : ey;y Kot[ ez;gh;fns tPLk;/ ehLk; eyk; bgw rikay; cl;gl vy;yhg;
,dpah... gzpfisa[k; ,U ghyUk; ,ize;nj bra;nthk;...

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ftpijg; ngiH
Þò™
ä‰¶ rpWg+;r@yk; fhhpahrhd;
E}y; Fwpg;g[ :
kdpj thH;it brGikahf;Fk; mwg; gz;g[fisf; TWk; ,yf;fpa=;fs; mw ,yf;fpa=;fs;.
mw ,yf;fpa=;fspy; xd;W jhd; rpWg+;r@yk;. ,e;E}ypy; 102 ghly;fs; cs;sd.
Ie;J vspa nth; @y=;fisf; bfhz;lJ rpWg+;r@yk;.
rpWg+;r@yk; vd;gjw;F Ie;J rpwpa nth;fs; vd;W bghUs;
Ie;J nth;fshtd : fz;l=;fj;jhp/ rpWtGJiz/ rpWky;yp/ bgUky;yp/ beU+;rp
MfpadthFk;.
,t;nth;fshy; Md kUe;J clw;gpzpiag; nghf;FtJ nghy/ rpWg+;r@yk;
ghly;fspy; cs;s rpW rpW Ie;J fUj;Jfs; mwpahikia mfw;wp kdg;gpzpiag; nghf;fp
ey;tHpg;gLj;Jtdtha; mike;Js;sd. ,g;ghly;fs;/ ed;ik jUtd/ jPik jUtd/
eifg;g[f;F chpad vd;Dk; tifapy; thH;tpay; cz;ikfis vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfpd;wd.
Mrphpah; Fwpg;g[ :
rpWg+;r@yk; ,aw;wpath; fhhpahrhd; Mthh;. fp.gp 470 y; kJiuapy; mike;jpUe;j
r=;fj;jpy; khf;fhadhhplk; jkpH; gapd;whh;. khf;fhadhhpd; khzhf;fuhfpa ,tuJ ,aw;bgah;
``fhhp~~ Mrhd; vd;gJ bjhHpypd; mog;gilapy; mike;j bgah;.
,e;E}ypd; ghapur; bra;a[s; ``khf;fhhpahrd;~~ vd;W ,tiur; rpwg;gpf;fpwJ. ek; ghlg;gFjpapy;
mike;Js;s ghly;/ taJf;Fk; mwpt[f;Fk; rpy neu=;fspy; bjhlh;g[ ,Ug;gjpy;iy.
rhjidf;F taJ xU jilapy;iy vd;w cz;ikiaf; TWfpwJ.
ghlypd; bghUs;
mwpt[ilahh; jhnk czh;thh;;
g{f;fhkny rpy ku=;fs; fha;g;gJz;L. mtw;iwg; nghy ,isatuhd nghJk;/ ed;ik
jPikfis ed;Fzh;e;J bra;a[k; ,ay;g[ilath;fs; @j;jtnuhL itj;J vz;zj;jf;fth;
Mthh;.
ghj;jp mikj;J/ tpij tpijf;fhkny/ jhnd Kisj;J tsUk; tpijfSk; cs;sd.
mijg; nghynt mwptpw; rpwe;j nkijaUk; gpwh; czh;j;jhkny/ vr;braiya[k; jhnk
czh;e;J bra;J bfhs;Sk; bray;ty;nyhuha; ,Ug;gh;.
``g{thJ fha;f;Fk; kuk; nghy
tpijahJ Kisf;Fk; tpj;J nghy``
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tajpy; ,isnahuhapDk;/ mwpt[k;/ nkijikiaa[k; cilath;f;F vija[k; ehk;

czh;j;jhkny rhjpg;gth;fshft[k;/ ed;ik bra;fpwth;fshft[k; ,Ug;gh;.
``mwpt[f;Fk;/ rhjidf;Fk; taJ xU jilapy;iy~~
brhy;Yk; bghUSk; :
@thJ – KJik milahky; @j;jth; – bray;fshy;
bghpnahuha;j; jpfH;gth;
E}y; ty;yhh; – ed;W/ jPJ czh;e;jth; tpijahik – tpijf;fhknyna
ehWt – Kisg;g tpj;Jcs – tpijfs; cs
ciuahik – czh;j;jhJ
mwpthh; – tpidahyiza[k; bgah;
ty;yhh; – tpidahyiza[k; bgah;
tpijahik – vjph;kiwj; bjhHpw; bgah;
ciuahik – vjph;kiwj; bjhHpw; bgah;
jhth – <Wbfl;l vjph;kiwg; bgabur;rk;
g{thJ – vjph;kiwtpidbar;rk;
fha;f;Fk; kuk; – bra;a[k; vd;Dk; tha;g;ghl;Lg; bgabur;rk;
ciuahik ? ciu + a; + M + ik fha;f;Fk; ? fha; + f; + f; + ck;;

ciu ? gFjp/ fha; ? gFjp/
a; ? clk;gLbka; re;jp/ f; ? re;jp
M ? vjph;kiw ,ilepiy f; ? vjph;fhy ,ilepiy
ik ? bjhHpw; bgah; tpFjp ck; ? bgabur;r tpFjp
mwpthh; ? mwp + t; + Mh;
mwp ? gFjp/
t; ? vjph;fhy ,ilepiy
Mh; ? gyh;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp
bjhpa[kh>
gjpbdz; fPH;f;fzf;F E}y;fspy; @d;W fUj;Jfs; TWk; E}y; ``jphpfLfk;~~.
MW fUj;Jfisf; TWk; E}y; ``Vyhjp~~
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ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjhpf
1. fPH;f;fhz;gtw;Ws; czh;r;rpj; bjhlh; vJ>
m) rpWg+;r@yj;jpy; cs;s ghly;fs; bgUk;ghYk; kf#c Kd;dpiyapy; mike;Js;sd.
M) ,e;jpa E}yftpaypd; je;ijbad mwpag;gLgth; ahh;>
,) vd;dz;nz- eP=;fs; brhy;tij ek;gnt Koatpy;iy-
<) thH;f;ifapy; mog;gilj; njitfSf;F mLj;j ,lj;ijg; g[j;jfrhiyf;Fj; jUf.
tpil : ,) vd;dz;nz- eP=;fs; brhy;tij ek;gnt Koatpy;iy-
2. g{thJ fha;f;Fk;/ kyh;f;if mof;nfhol;l brhw;fSf;Fhpa ,yf;fzk; ahJ>

m) bgabur;rk;/ ctikj;bjhif M) vjph;kiwg; bgabur;rk;/ cUtfk;
,) tpidbar;rk;/ ctik <) vjph;kiw tpidbar;rk;/ ctikj;bjhif
tpil : <) vjph;kiw tpidbar;rk;/ ctikj;bjhif.
FWtpdh
1. @thJ @j;jth; - E}y; ty;yhh; - ,j;bjhlh; czh;j;Jk; bghUisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
,j;bjhlhpd; bghUshtJ/ ed;ik/ jPik czh;e;j E}y;ty;nyhh;/ tajpy; ,isnahuhf
,Ug;gpDk; @j;jtnuhL itj;J vz;zj;jf;fth; Mthh;.
rpWtpdh
1. tpijf;fhkny Kisf;Fk; tpijfs;? ,j;bjhlhpd; tHpr; rpWg+;r@yk; bjhptpf;Fk; fUj;Jfis
tpsf;Ff.
tpijf;fhkny Kisf;Fk; tpij:
z fHdpapny ghj;jp mikj;J/ tpij tpijf;fhkny jhnd Kisj;J tUk; tpijfSk;
cs;sd.
z jhnd Kisg;gJld; caph;fSf;Fg; gaDk; ey;Ftd.
z mijg;nghynt/ mwpt[ila nkijaUk; gpwh; czh;j;jhkny/ vija[k; jhnk czh;e;J
cahpa brayhw;WtnjhL/ gpwUf;Fk; gad; ey;fp bgUika[Wth;.
``tpijahik ehWt tpj;Jcs" nkijf;F
ciuahik bry;Yk; czh;t[.~~
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TLjy; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjhpf
1. ``tpijahik ehWt~~ ehWt vd;gjd; bghUs; ahJ>
m) bflhjpUj;jy; M) KJikailahJ ,Uj;jy;
,) Kisg;g <) ,isg;g tpil : ,) Kisg;g
2. ciuahik vd;gjd; ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;g[ ahJ>
m) <Wbfl;l vjph;kiwg; bgabur;rk; M) tpidahyiza[k; bgah;
,) bgabur;rk; <) vjph;kiwj; bjhHpw;bgah;
tpil : <) vjpu;kiwj; bjhHpw;bgau;
3. rpWg+;r@yk; ,aw;wpatu; ................
m) g{j+;nrjdhh; M) fzpnkjhtpahh;
,) fgpyh; <) fhhpahrhd; tpil : <) fhupahrhd;
4. fhupahrhdpd; Mrphpah; ................
m) kh=;Fo kUjdhh; M) khf;fhadhh;
,) fzpnkjhtpahh; <) g{j+;nrjdhh; tpil : M) khf;fhadhh;
5. rpWg+;r@yk; ghly;fs; xt;bthd;wpYk; ,lk; bgWk; fUj;Jfs; ................ MFk;.
m) ,uz;L M) @d;W ,) Ie;J <) MW
tpil : ,) Ie;J
6. rpWg+;r@yk; ................ E}y;fSs; xd;W.
m) vl;Lj;bjhif M) gj;Jg;ghl;L
,) gjpbdz;fPH;f;fzf;F <) gjpbdz;nkw;fzf;F
tpil : ,) gjpbdz;fHP f; f; zf;F
7. jkpHpy; r=;f ,yf;fpa=;fisj; bjhlu;e;J njhd;wpait ................ MFk;.
m) fhg;gpa=;fs; M) rpw;wpyf;fpa=;fs;
,) kWkyh;r;rp ,yf;fpa=;fs; <) ePjpE}y;fs; tpil : <) ePjpE}y;fs;
8. rhpahd Tw;wpidj; njh;f
1) fhhp vd;gJ ,aw;bgah; MFk;.
2) Mrhd; vd;gJ kugpd; mog;gilapy; mike;j bgah;.
m) 1 rhp/ 2 jtW M) 2 rhp/ 1 jtW
,) ,uz;Lk; rhp ; <) ,uz;Lk; jtW tpil : m) 1 rhp/ 2 jtW
9. ghujpahh; ................ tajpnyna muritapy; ftpij vGjpdhh;.
m) 10 M) 12 ,) 11 <) 14
tpil : ,) 11
10. 16 tajpny gilj;jsgjp Mdtu; ahu; ................
m) mbyf;rhz;lh; M) beg;nghypad;
,) mf!;l!; <) mf;gh; tpil : m) mbyf;rhz;lu;
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1. ts;syhh; ? 16 tajpy; je;ijapd; nghh;g;gil jsgjp
2. ghujp ? 15 tajpy; gpbu+;R ,yf;fpaf;fHfj;Jf;Fj; jkJ ftpijfis mDg;gpath;.
3. tpf;lh;\pa{nfh ? 11 tajpy; muritapy; ftpij vGjp gl;lk; bgw;wth;
4. mbyf;rhz;lh; ? 10 tajpw;Fs;shfnt brhw;bghHpthsh;.
m) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1 M) 3/ 2/ 1/ 4 ,) 4/ 3/ 1/ 2 <) 2/ 3/ 1/ 4
tpil : m) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1
12. igrh efu nfhg[uj;jpd; tpsf;iff; Fwpj;J Muha;e;jtu;
m) epa{l;ld; M) jhk!; My;th vord;
,) fyPypnah <) tpf;lh; \pa{nfh tpil : ,) fyPypnah
FWtpdh
1. rpWg+;r@yj;jpd; ghly;fs; vt;tifapy; thH;tpay; cz;ikfis vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfpd;wd>
z ed;;ik jUtd
z jPik jUtd
z eifg;g[f;F chpad
vd;Dk; tifapy; thH;tpay; cz;ikfisr; rpWg+;r@yj;jpd; ghly;fs;
vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfpd;wd.
2. ``rpWg+;r@yk;~~ vd;gjd; bghUs; ahJ> mJ vtw;iwf; Fwpf;Fk;>
z rpWg+;r@yk; vd;gjw;F `Ìe;J rpwpa ntu;fs;~~ vd;gJ bghUs; MFk;.
z fz;l=;fj;jup/ rpWtGJiz/ rpWky;yp/ bgUky;yp/ beU+;rp Mfpatw;wpd; ntu;fisf;
Fwpf;Fk;.
3. @j;jtnuhL itj;J vz;zj;jf;fth; ahh;>
ed;ik/ jPikfis ed;Fzh;e;jth;" tajpy; ,isatuhf ,Ue;jhYk;/ mth; @j;jtnuhL
itj;J vz;zj; jf;ftnu Mthh;.
4. gpwh; czh;jj
; hky; vija[k; jhnk czh;eJ
; bfhs;gtiug; gw;wp rpWg+;r@yk; Fwpg;gpLtJ ahJ>
ghj;jp mikj;J tpij tpijf;fhkny/ jhnk Kisj;J tsUk; tpijfSk; cs;sd.
mijg; nghynt nkijaUk; gpwh; czh;j;jhky; vija[k; jhnk czh;e;J bfhs;th;.
rpWtpdh
1. rpWg+;r@yk; Fwpg;g[ tiuf.
z gjpbdz;fPH;f;fzf;F E}y;fSs; xd;W rpWg+;r@yk;.
z rpWg+;r@yk; vd;gjw;F Ie;J rpwpa nth;fs; vd;gJ bghUs;.
z mit fz;l=;fj;jphp/ rpWtGJiz/ rpWky;yp/ bgUky;yp/ beU+;rp Mfpad
z ,t;nth;fshy; Md kUe;J clypd; nehiag; nghf;Ffpd;wd.
z mJnghyr; rpWg+;r@yk; ghly;fspy; cs;s Ie;ije;J fUj;Jfs; kf;fspd;
mwpahikiag; nghf;fp ey;tHpg;gLj;Jtdtha; mike;Js;sd.
y ,e;E}ypd; Mrphpah; fhhpahrhd;. www.tnpscjob.com
2. fhhpahrhd; ? Fwpg;g[ tiuf.

z rpWg+;r@yj;jpd; Mrphpah; fhhpahrhd;/
z kJiuj; jkpHhrphpah; khf;fhadhhpd; khzhf;fh;.
z fhhp vd;gJ ,aw;bgah;.
z Mrhd; vd;gJ bjhHpypd; mog;gilapy; mike;jbgah;.
z khf;fhhpahrhd; vd;W ghapur; bra;a[s; ,tiur; rpwg;gpf;fpwJ.
3. vLj;Jf;fhl;L ctikazp ? tpsf;Ff.
mzptpsf;fk; : xU bra;a[spy; ctikj; bjhlUk;/ ctnkaj; bjhlUk; mike;J/ ctk
cUg[ kiwe;J tUkhapd; mBJ vLj;Jf;fhl;L ctik mzp MFk;.
rhd;W : ``tpijahik ehWt tpj;Jcs" nkijf;F
ciuahik bry;Yk; czu;t[~~
ctikj;bjhlu; : tpijahik ehWt tpj;J cs.
ctnkaj;bjhlu; : nkijf;F ciuahik bry;Yk; czu;t[
ctk cUg[ : (mJ nghy) kiwe;J tUjy;
bghUj;jk; : tpij tpijf;fhky; jhnd Kisj;J tUk; tpijfs; cs;sd. mJ nghy
nkijaUk; gpwu; czu;j;jhky; jhnk czu;e;J brayhw;Wtu;.
,g;ghlypy; ``ctkcUg[~~ kiwe;J te;Js;sjhy; vLj;Jf;fhl;L ctikazpf;Fr;
rhd;whfpwJ.
1. g{f;fhkny fha;f;Fk; ku=;fs;/ tpijf;fhkny Kisf;Fk; tpijfs;

vitbadf; nfl;lwpe;J tFg;giwapy; TWf.
g{f;fhkny fha;f;Fk; ku=;fs; tpijf;fhkny Kisf;Fk; tpijfs;
Mykuk; ntg;g tpij (ntk;g[)
mj;jpkuk; murd;
murkuk; g[=;fd;
My; ? nghd;wit tpijf;fhkny
gyhkuk;
jhkha; v=;bfy;yhk; tpGfpd;wdnth
mnrhf kuk; nghd;witahFk
m=;bfy;yhk; Kisg;gd.
2. @thJ @j;jth;/ fhzhJ fz;lth;
,it nghy eak; mike;j bjhlh;fis cUthf;Ff.
@thJ @j;jth; fhzhJ fz;lth;
thuhJ te;jth; bgwhmJ bgw;wth;
njlhJ fpilj;jth; NlhJ Noats;
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tphpthdk;
Þò™
ä‰¶ tPl;ow;nfhh; g[j;jfrhiy
ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjhpf
1. rhpahd Tw;wpidj; bjhpt[ bra;f.
m) ‘M’ vd;gJ vjph;kiw ,ilepiy.
M) tPlo; w;nfhh; g[jj
; frhiy vd;gJ mz;zhtpd; nkilg;ngr;R.
,) tpy;Yg;ghl;L Xh; ,yf;fpa totk;.
1. M/ , rhp" m jtW 2. m/ ,/ rhp" M jtW
3. @d;Wk; rhp 4. @d;Wk; jtW
tpil : 3) @d;Wk; rhp
FWtpdh
1. eP=;fs; kpft[k; tpUk;gpg; goj;j E}y;fs; ahit>
z cyf mwpitj; juf;Toa bghJ mwpt[ E}y;fs;.
z mwE}yhk; jpUf;Fws;.
z tp+;+hdf; fz;Lgpog;g[fisf; TWk; mwptpay; E}y;fs;.
z tPuh;fs;/ jpahfpfs;/ ftp+h;fspd; thH;f;if tuyhw;W E}y;fs;.
beLtpdh
1. E}yfk;/ E}y;fs; Mfpad Fwpj;J mz;zhtpd; thbdhyp ciuapy; btspg;gLfpd;w fUj;Jfs; ahit>
Kd;Diu:
kdpjdpd; rpe;jidiaj; J}z;LtJ E}y;fns. ,iriag; nghy kdijg;
gz;gLj;JtJk; E}y;fns vdpy; kpifahfhJ. ``tPl;ow;nfhh; g[j;jfrhiy~~ vd;Dk;
mz;zhtpd; thbdhyp ciu @yk;/ E}yfk;/ E}y;fs; Fwpj;J btspg;gLk; fUj;Jfs; Fwpj;J
ghh;g;nghk;.
E}yfk;:
xU ehl;od; epiy/ cyf epiyf;nfw;g tsuntz;Lk; vdpy; tPl;L epiy khw
ntz;Lk;. tPl;ow;nfhh; g[j;jfrhiy [E}yfk;] ntz;Lk;. xU ehl;il cyfk; kjpg;gJ
me;ehl;L kf;fspd; kdtsj;ijf; fz;nl MFk;. ey;y kdtsk; jUtJ E}yfnk.
``tPl;ow;nfhh; g[j;jfrhiy~~ vd;w ,yf;fpid eilKiwg;gLj;jpdhy; ekJ re;jjp ey;y
kdtsk; bgWth;. ehLk; eyKk; tsKk; bgWk;.
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tPl;oy; my=;fhug; bghUl;fSf;F nghfg; bghUs;fSf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; jUk; epiy

khwntz;Lk;. xt;bthU tPLfspYk; g[j;jfrhiyf;F ,lk; jug;gl ntz;Lk;. czt[k;
cila[k; vt;thW mog;gilj; njitnah mijg; nghynt/ E}yfKk; mog;gilj;
njitahFk;.
E}y;fs; :
ehl;il mwpa/ cyif mwpa/ Vd; xUtd; jd;id mwpa VLfs; (E}y;) ntz;Lk;.
epg[zj;Jtk; jUk; VLfs;jhd; vd;gjd;W/ mog;gil mwpit/ cz;ikia czh;j;Jk; E}
y;fisahtJ fw;f Kida[=;fs;.
g{nfhs/ rhpj VLfs; ,Uj;jy; ntz;Lk;. tPlo
; w;nfhh; ``jpUf;Fws;~~ fl;lhak; ntz;Lk;.
r=;f ,yf;fpa=;fspd; rhuj;ijj; jPl;oj;jUk; E}y;fSk; ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;. fw;f
ntz;Lk;.
tp+;+hdf; fz;Lgpog;g[fisg; gw;wpa Kf;fpakhd jut[fisj; jUk; E}y;fs; goj;jply;
ntz;Lk;.
z ehl;L tpLjiyf;F ciHj;jth;fs;
z kf;fspd; kdkhR Jilj;jth;fs;
z bjhiynjr=;fisf; fz;lth;fs;
z tPuh;fs;/ tpntfpfs; thH;f;if
Mfpa E}y;fs; ,Uj;jy; ntz;Lk; vd;fpwhh; nguwp+h; mz;zh.
Kot[iu :
nfl;oid ePf;fpl tPl;ony g[j;jfrhiy mikg;nghk;.
“g[dpjKw;W kf;fs; g[JthH;t[ ntz;oy;
g[j;jfrhiy ntz;Lk; ehl;oy; ahz;Lk;~~
vd;w ghnte;jh; Tw;Wg;go g[j;jfrhiy mikg;nghk;/ g[j;jfk; thrpj;Jg; g[JthH;t[
bgWnthk;.
TLjy; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjhpf
1. ey;y g[j;jfk; xd;iw th=;fp te;J vd;idr; re;jpg;gtnd vd; jiyrpwe;j ez;gd; vd;wtu;
..............
m) mwp+h; mz;zh M) fhe;jpaofs;
,) Mgpufhk; yp=;fd; <)tpd;brd;l; rh;r;rpy;
tpil : ,) Mgpufhk; yp=;fd;
2. mz;zh E}w;whz;il epidt[gLj;Jk; tifapy; jkpHf muR cUthf;fpaJ ..............
m) E}yfk; M) mU=;fhl;rpafk; ,) epidtpy;yk; <) g{=;fh
tpil : m) E}yfk;
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3. tPl;ow;nfhu; g[j;jf rhiy vd;gJ mz;zhtpd; .............. MFk;.

m) bjhiyf;fhl;rp ciu M) ,yf;fpar; brhw;;bghHpt[
,) thbdhyp ciu <) murpay; nkilg; ngr;R
tpil : ,) thbdhyp ciu
4. bjd;dfj;Jg; bgh;dhl;&h vd;wiHf;fg;gl;lth; .............. .
m) fhkuh$h; M) je;ij bghpahh; ,) mwp+h; mz;zh <) jpU.tp.f
tpil : ,) mwp+h; mz;zh
5. mz;zh E}w;whz;L E}yfk; cUthf;fg;gl;l Mz;L
m) 2010 M) 2012 ,) 2014 <) 2013
tpil : m) 2010
6. eLtz; muR mz;zh epidthf mth; cUtk; bghwpf;fg;gl;l Ie;J qgha; ehzaj;ij
btspapl;l Mz;L
m) 2006 M) 2008 ,) 2009 <) 2010
tpil : ,) 2009
7. ,UbkhHpr;rl;lj;ij cUthf;fpatu; ahu;>
m) fhkuh$h; M) K.fUzhepjp ,) mwp+h; mz;zh <) vk;.$p.Mh;
tpil : ,) mwp+h; mz;zh
m) cyfpd; kpfg; bgupa E}yfk; ? 1. ruRtjp kfhy; E}yfk;
M) ,e;jpahtpd; kpfg; bgupa E}yfk; ? 2. fd;dpkuh E}yfk;
,) jkpH; E}y;fs; mjpfkhf cs;s E}yfk;? 3. njrpa E}yfk;/ bfhy;fj;jh
<) Xiyr;Rtofisg; ghJfhf;Fk; E}yfk;? 4. iyg;uup Mg; fh=;fpu!;/ mbkupf;fh
m) 1/ 4/ 3/ 2 M) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1 ,) 4/ 2/ 3/ 1 <) 3/ 2/ 4/ 1
tpil : M) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1
9. ,e;jpahtpy; bjhl=;fg;gl;l Kjy; bghJ E}yfk; ..............
m) ruRtjp kfhy;. M) fd;dpkuh.
,) njrpa E}yfk;/ bfhy;fj;jh. <) eLtz; E}yfk;/ jpUtde;jg[uk;.
tpil : <) eLtz; E}yfk;/ jpUtde;jg[uk;
FWtpdh
1. mwp+h; mz;zhtpd; gilg;g[fspy; ,uz;oidf; TWf.
z rpth$p fz;l ,e;J rhk;uh$;ak;
z ,d;g xsp
2. mwp+h; mz;zh ,jHhrphpauhfg; gzpahw;wpa ,jH;fspd; bgahpidf; Fwpg;gpLf.
z n\hk;qy;  jpuhtpl ehL
z n\hk;nyz;l;  khiy kzp
z ek;ehL  fh+;rp
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3. mwp+h; mz;zh Jizahrphpauhfg; gzpahw;wpa ,jH;fspd; bgahpidf; Fwpg;gpLf.

y FoauR  tpLjiy
rpWtpdh
1. mz;zhtpd; g[fH;bgw;w bkhHpfs; rpytw;iwf; Fwpg;gpLf>
z khw;whd; njhl;lj;J ky;ypiff;Fk; kzk; cz;L
z fj;jpiaj; jPl;lhnj/ cd;wd; g[j;jpiaj; jPl;L
z ,is+u;fs; cupikg; nghu;g;gilapd; <l;o Kidfs;
z ele;jit ele;jitahf ,Uf;fl;Lk;;" ,dp elg;git ey;yitahf ,Uf;fl;Lk;.
z rl;lk; xU ,Ul;liw ? mjpy; tHf;fwp+upd; thjk; xU tpsf;F.
z bgau;g;gFgjk;/ tpidg;gFgjk; vd;W ,Utifg;gLk;.
1. thH;f;ifapy; mog;gilj; njitfSf;F mLj;j ,lk; g[j;jf

rhiyf;Fj; jug;gl ntz;Lk; ? mwp+h; mz;zh
cyfpy; rhfhtuk; bgw;w bghUs;fs; g[j;jf=;fns - ? fnj

,it nghd;w bghd;bkhHpfs; vGjp tFg;giwapy; goj;Jf; fhl;Lf.
g[j;jfk; gw;wpa bghd; bkhHpfs;
1. bjhl;Lg; ghh;j;jhy; fhfpjk;
goj;Jg; ghh;j;jhy; Ma[jk;
2. g[j;jfnk ek;ikr; rPh;jpUj;Jk; ez;gd;.
3. cyfpd; @iy KLf;FfSf;bfy;yhk;
nghf tpUk;gpdhy; xU E}yfj;Jf;Fr; bry; ? bl!;fhh;l;!;
4. ifj;Jg;ghf;fpfis tplg; bghpa Ma[jk; g[j;jfnk ? bydpd;
5. clYf;F clw;gapw;rp nghy; kdJf;Fg; gapw;rp g[j;jf thrpg;g[ ? rpf;kz;l; Bgpuha;l;
6. g[J thH;itj; njLfpwPhf
; sh> xU g[jpa g[jj
; fj;ij thrpf;fj; bjhl=;F=;fs; ? ,=;fh;rhy;
7. ey;y g[j;jfk; xd;iw th=;fp te;J vd;idr; re;jpg;gtnd vd; jiy rpwe;j ez;gd;. ?
Mgpufhk; yp=;fd;
8. ve;jg; g[j;jfj;ija[k; gof;fhj g[j;jfk; vd;W brhy;yhjPh;fs;" gof;f ntz;oa g[j;jfk;
vd;W brhy;Y=;fs; ? tpntfhde;jh;
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2;. rPh;fhHp ,uh.mu=;fehjd; mth;fspd; gpwe;j ehshd Mf!;l; 9?Mk; ehs; njrpa E}yf ehshff;
bfhz;lhlg;gLtjd; fhuzj;ij mwpf.
njrpa E}yf ehs; ? fhuz=;fs;

z ,e;jpahitr; nrh;e;j fzpjtpayhsUk; E}yftpayhsUkhd rPh;fhHp ,uhkhkph;jk;
u=;fehjd; [rPh;fhHp. ,uh.mu=;fehjd;] 09.08.1892 ? y; gpwe;jhh;. ,tuJ gpwe;j jpdk;
``njrpa E}yf ehs;~~ MFk;.
z ,e;jpa E}yftpaypd; je;ij vd mwpag;gLk; ,th;/ E}yftpaypd; Ie;J tpjpfis
mwpKfk; bra;jth;. nfhyd; vd;Dk; E}w;gFg;ghf;f Kiwia cUthf;fpath;.
z E}yftpaypd; rpe;jidfSf;fhf cyf mstpy; gy ghpRfisg; bgw;w bgUe;jifahsh;.
,e;jpa muR ,tUf;Fg; gj;k _ tpUJ tH=;fpf; bfsutpj;Js;sJ.
z ,e;jpahtpd; gy;ntW gy;fiyf;fHf=;fspy; E}yfj;Jiw nguhrphpauhfg; gzpahw;wpa
bgUikf;Fhpath;.
z E}yftpaypd; cah;gl;l=;fis tH=;Ftjw;fhf mikf;fg;gl;l ``,e;jpa E}
yftpay; gs;spapy;~~ gzpahw;wpdhh;.
z btspehLfspy; cs;s gy;fiyf;fHf=;fs;/ cah;ju E}yf=;fspy; cWg;gpduhft[k;/
cah;gjtpfisa[k; bgw;wpUe;jhh;.
z Ijuhghj;jpy; cs;s `èfu eLt E}yfj;jpy;~~ ,tuJ cUtg; glk; itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
z 27.09.1972y; bg=;fShpy; ,Wjpepiy mile;j/ rPh;fhHp ,uh. mu=;fehjdpd; nkw;Twpa
bgUikfns/ mtuJ gpwe;jehis ``njrpa E}yf jpdkhf~~ bfhz;lhL tjw;fhd
fhuz=;fs; MFk;.
3. E}yfj;jpy; ftpij/ fij Kjypa E}y;fis E}yhrphpah; thpirapYk; E}ypd; milahsf; FwpaPl;L
vz; mog;gilapYk; vt;thW njLtJ vd;gijj; bjhpe;Jbfhs;f.
z mfuthpirapy; E}yhrphpah; bgah; mwpe;J bfhs;s ntz;Lk;.
z E}y;fspd; milahsf; FwpaPl;L vz;fisa[k; bjhpe;J bfhz;L njLjy; ntz;Lk;.

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fw;fz;L
Þò™
ä‰¶ ,ilr;brhy; ? chpr;brhy;
ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjhpf
1. khWgl;Ls;s FGtpidf; fz;lwpf.
m) fiyf;Tlk;/ jpiuau=;fk;/ MLfsk;/ mU=;fhl;rpafk;
M) fo/ cW/ Th;/ fHp
,) tpdtpdhd;/ brg;gpdhd;/ ciuj;jhd;/ gfd;whd;
<) ,d;/ Tl/ fpW/ mk;g[
tpil : <) ,d;/ Tl/ fpW/ mk;g[
TLjy; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjhpf
1. bkhHpg; gad;ghl;il KGikahf;FtJ .................. MFk;.
m) chpr;brhw;fs; M) bgah;r;brhw;fs;
,) tpidr;brhw;fs; <) ,ilr;brhw;fs;
tpil : <) ,ilr;brhw;fs;
2. brhw;bwhlupd; ,Wjpapy; te;J ,irt[g; bghUspy; tUk; ,ilr;brhy; ..................
m) ,y;iy M) mk; ,) Mk; <) ,y;
tpil : ,) Mk;
3. cupr;brhy; vg;bghUs;fSf;F cupajha; tUk;.
1) Fwpg;g[ 2) gz;g[
m) 1 rhp M) 2 rhp ,) ,uz;Lk; rhp <) ,uz;Lk; jtW
tpil : ,) ,uz;Lk; rhp
4. cupr;brhw;fs; bra;a[Sf;nf cupad vd;W Twpatu; ahu;>
m) ed;D}yhh; M) bjhy;fhg;gpah;
,) ,iwadhh; <) tPukh Kdpth; tpil : m) ed;D}yhu;
5. xHpapir Kjyh mirepiy <whf vl;Lg;bghUspy; tUk; ,ilr;brhy; vJ>
m) M M) V ,) X <) ,
www.tnpscjob.com tpil : ,) X
6. rhpahd Tw;wpidj; njh;f.

1. md;W vd;gJ xUikf;F chpaJ. 2. my;y vd;gJ gd;ikf;F chpaJ
3. md;W vd;gJ gd;ikf;F chpaJ 4. my;y vd;gJ xUikf;F chpaJ
m) 1/ 2 ? rhp/ 3/ 4 ? jtW M) 1/ 2 ? jtW 3/ 4 ? rhp
,) 1/ 3 ? rhp/ 2/ 4 ? jtW <) 1/ 3 ? jtW/ 2/ 4 ? rhp
tpil : m) 1/ 2 ? rhp/ 3/ 4 ? jtW
7. `foefh;~ vd;Dk; brhy;ypy; `fo~ vd;gjd; bghUs; ..................
m) kzk; M) fhty; ,) tpiut[ <) Th;ik
tpil : M) fhty;
8. cW/ jt/ edp vd;w @d;W chpr;brhw;fSk; .................. vd;Dk; bghUspy; tUfpd;wd.
m) kpFjp M) Fiwt[ ,) tpiut[ <) Th;ik
tpil : m) kpFjp
9. bjhHpw;bgah; tpFjpfspy; bghUe;jhjijf; fz;lwp.
m) jy; M) mk; ,) ik <) ,a
tpil : <) ,a
10. vjph;kiw ,ilepiyfspy; bghUe;jhjijf; fz;lwp.
m) jy; M) my; ,) ,y; <) M
tpil : m) jy;
FWtpdh
1. ,ilr;brhw;fspd; ,ay;g[fs; ahit>
,ilr;brhw;fs; bgaiua[k;/ tpidiaa[k; rhu;e;J ,a=;Fk; ,ay;ig cilad.
jhkhfj; jdpj;J ,a=;Fk; ,ay;ig cilad my;y.
2. gFgjk; vd;why; vd;d> mjd; tiffs; ahit>

z gpupf;ff; ToaJk;/ gpupj;jhy; bghUs; jUtJkhd brhy; `gFgjk;~ vdg;gLk;.
z bgah;g;gFgjk;/ tpidg;gFgjk; vd;W ,Utifg;gLk;
3. `ck;~ vd;Dk; ,ilr;brhy; vt;btg;bghUs;fspy;; tUk;> rhd;W jUf.
z `ck;~ vd;Dk; ,ilr;brhy; vjph;kiw/ rpwg;g[/ Iak;/ vr;rk;/ Kw;W/ msit/ bjhpepiy/
Mf;fk; vd;Dk; bghUs;fspy; tUk;.
z v.fh : kiH bga;Jk; g[Gf;fk; Fiwatpy;iy. (vjph;kiw ck;ik)
ghlfh;fSk; nghw;Wk; ghlfh;. (cah;t[ rpwg;g[)
4. Vfhu ,ilr;brhy; vj;jid bghUs;fspy; tUk; vd;W ed;D}y; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ>

gphpepiy/ tpdh/ vz;/ <w;wir/ njw;wk;/ ,irepiw Mfpa MW bghUs;fspy; Vfhu
,ilr;brhy; tUk; vd;W ed;D}y; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ.
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5. jw;fhyj;jpy; Vfhuk; vg;bghUspy; kl;Lnk tUfpwJ> rhd;W jUf.

z jw;fhyj;jpy; Vfhuk; njw;wg; bghUspy; (mGj;jk;) kl;Lnk tUfpwJ.
z v.fh : mz;zy; fhe;jp md;nw brhd;dhh;. ele;nj te;jhd;.
6. kl;Lk; vd;Dk; ,ilr;brhy; vg;bghUspy; tUfpwJ>

z kl;Lk; vd;Dk; ,ilr;brhy; `tiuaiwg;bghUs;~ jUfpwJ.
z Koe;jtiu/ Fwpg;gpl;l neuk; tiu vd;Dk; bghUs;fspYk; tUfpwJ.
z v.fh : gog;g[ kl;Lk; ,Ue;jhy; nghJk;. (tiuaiwg; bghUs;)
7. vGj;Jg;ngW vd;gJ ahJ>

gFgj cWg;g[fSs; ml=;fhky; gFjp/ tpFjpf;F eLtpy; fhyj;ij czh;j;jhky; tUk;
bka;baGj;J vGj;Jg;ngW MFk;. bgUk;ghYk; `j;~ kl;Lnk tUk;. rhhpia ,lj;jpy; `j;~
te;jhy; mJ vGj;Jg;ngW.
8. brhy;ypd; ,Wjpapy; tUk; tpFjp vtw;iwf; fhl;Lk;>

brhy;ypd; ,Wjpepiyahf tUk; tpFjpahdJ/ ghy;/ vz;/ ,lk; fhl;Lk;.
1. gj;jpfspy; ,lk;bgw;Ws;s ,ilr;brhw;fisf; fz;lwpe;J vGJf.

m) bgz;zoik nghfntz;Lk;" bgz;/ fy;tp bgw ntz;Lk;. bgz;fs; goj;jhy;
jhd; jk; brhe;jf; fhypy; epw;fyhk;. bgz;/ fy;tp fw;why; tPLk; ehLk; Kd;ndWk;.
rKjhaj;jpd; rhpghjpahd bgz;fSf;Fk; vy;yh chpikfSk; cz;L.
M) ekJ Kd;re;jjpahh;fSf;F ,Ue;jijtpl/ mjpfkhd trjpfs; ekf;F cs;sd.
mth;fspd;; fhyk;/ mltpapy; Mw;nwhuj;jpy; gh;zrhiyf;Fg; gf;fj;jpy; Mykuj;joapy;
rpWth;fs; mkh;e;jpUf;f/ FU fhiyf;fld;fis Koj;Jf; bfhz;L te;J/ ghl=;fisr;
brhy;ypj;jUk; Kiw ,Ue;j fhyk;/ VLk; vGj;jhzpa[k; ,Ue;j fhyk;. ,g;nghJs;sJ
cyif ekJ tPl;Lf;F miHj;J te;J fhl;lf;Toa fhyk;. ghku kf;fs; ghuhSk; fhyk;.
kdtsj;ij mjpfg;gLj;Jk; tHpfs; Kd;g[ ,Ue;jijtpl mjpfk; cs;s fhyk;.
,ilr;brhw;fs; :
m) goj;jhy; jhd; [jhd;] M) ,Ue;jijtpl [tpl]
tPLk; ehLk; [ck;]; trjpfs; [fs;];
rKjhaj;jpd; [,d;]; mth;fspd; [,d;]
bgz;fSf;Fk; [ck;]; gh;zrhiyf;F [F]
chpikfSk; [ck;]; tPl;Lf;F [F]
mltpapy;/ Mw;nwhuj;jpy; [,y;]
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2. ck;/ X/ V/ jhd; kl;Lk;/ MtJ/ Tl/ M/ Mk; Mfpa ,ilr; brhw;fisg; gad;gLj;jp brhw;bwhlh;fis
cUthf;Ff.
1. ck; : tPuh;fSk; nghw;Wk; tPud;.
2. X : g{=;bfhonah kyh;f;bfhonah ,g;glj;ij tiua[=;fs;.
3. V : njtp ele;nj tPl;Lf;F te;jhs;.
4. jhd; : ,dpah ehd;jhd; MLntd; vd;whs;
5. kl;Lk; : c=;fspy; xUth; kl;Lk; Kd;dhy; thU=;fs;.
6. MtJ : ,d;whtJ kiH tUkh>
7. Tl : bjUtpy; xUth; Tl elkhltpy;iy.
8. M : g[fnHe;jp ghodhdh>
9. Mk; : jiyik Mrphpah; cs;ns tuyhk; vd;whh;.
10. Mfpa : ``Mfpa~~ vd;Dk; ,ilr;brhy; jw;fhyj;jpy; mjpfkhfg; gad;gLj;jg; gLfpwJ.
3. bghUj;jkhd ,ilr;brhw;fisg; gad;gLj;Jf.
m) kzw;nfzpiag; nghy; tps=;Fk;. E}y;fs; cWJizahf ,Uf;fpwJ.
M) bgz;fisg; gof;f itf;fhj fhyj;jpy;jhd; bgz; ,dj;jpw;Fg; bgUik nrh;f;Fk;
gof;F ek; Kj;Jyl;Rkp mk;ikahh; Kjy; bgz; kUj;Jtuhf te;jhh;fs;.
,) kf;fspd; kd=;fspy; cyf mwpt[ g[f tHp bra;a ntz;Lk;.
4. ,izj;J vGjpg; ghU=;fs; :
jhd;
mtd; kdpjd; tPL/ ehL eknj
ck;
V
,aw;if mHF fhw;W/
M njit
btspr;rk; ck;
x
md;g[/ ntz;Lk;
kl;Lk; bjhpa[kh> mikjp
cdf;F Tl
thd;kjp/ thU=;fs;
MtJ bjhpa[k;
ghD
1. mtd; jhd; kdpjd; 2. ,aw;if jhd; mHF

mtDk; kdpjd; ,aw;ifa[k; mHF
mtnd kdpjd; ,aw;ifna mHF
mtdh kdpjd; ,aw;ifah mHF
3. cdf;F kl;Lk; bjhpa[kh> 4. cdf;F kl;Lk; bjhpa[k;.

cdf;Ff; Tl bjhpa[kh> cdf;Ff; Tl bjhpa[k;.
cdf;fhtJ bjhpa[kh> cdf;fhtJ bjhpa[k;
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5. tPLk; ehLk; eknj. 6. md;g[k; mikjpa[k; ntz;Lk;.

tPnlh ehnlh eknj. md;ngh mikjpnah ntz;Lk;.
fhw;Wk; btspr;rKk; njit. thd;kjpa[k; ghDt[k; thU=;fs;
fhw;nwh btspr;rnkh njit. thd;kjpnah ghDnth thU=;fs;
5. bghUj;jkhd chpr;brhw;fis vGJf.

m) kh bgUk; bghJf;Tl;lk; [fo / kh]
M) fo tpLJk; [cW / fo]
,) ths; Ejy; [ths; / jt]
<) rhy rpwe;jJ [rhy / kH]
c) fo kid [fo / jl]
rpe;jid tpdh
1. jhd; vd;Dk; ,ilr; brhy;iy vg;gobay;yhk; gad;gLj;jyhk;>
z jhd; vd;Dk; ,ilr;brhy;iy mGj;jg; bghUspy; gad;gLj;jyhk;.
z ve;jr; brhy;Yld; tUfpd;wnjh/ mr;brhy;iy Kjd;ikg;gLj;Jk; tifapy; xU Kiw
kl;Lk; gad;gLj;jyhk;.
z rhd;W: eph;kyhjhd; ghodhs;.
2. mth;fSf;Fg; ghpR jUntd; ? ,j;bjhlhpy; `M~ vd;Dk; ,ilr; brhy;iyr; nrh;j;J tpdhf;fis
mikf;f.
z mth;fSf;fh ghpR jUntd;>
z mth;fSf;Fg; ghpR jUntdh>
3. bra;a[spy; chpr;brhw;fs; vj;jifa bghUs;fspy; ,lk; bgWfpd;wd>

z chpr;brhw;fs; bra;a[Sf;nf chpad vd;Wk; mit/
z xU brhy; gy bghUSf;F chpaJ.
z gy brhy; xU bghUSf;F chpaJ vd ,lk; bgWk;.
4. jw;fhyj; jkpH;g; gad;ghl;oy; fhzg;gLfpd;w chpr; brhw;fis vGJf.
z kh/ cW/ jt/ edp/ fo/ Th;/ fHp ? Kjypait jw;fhyj; jkpH;g; gad;ghl;oy; fhzg;gLfpd;w
chpr; brhw;fs;.
z nkYk; kH/ FH/ tpGKjy;/ vd;gdt[k; gad;ghl;oy; cs;sd.
5. `M~ vd;Dk; ,ilr;brhy; vjph;kiwg; bghUspy; vg;go tUk; vd;gij vGJf.
z `M~ vd;Dk; ,ilr;brhy; vjph;kiwg; bghUspy; `Ìak;~~ njhd;w tUk;.
z rhd;W : mtdh ngrpdhd;
6. ,ilr;brhw;fisg; gad;gLj;jpf; fPH;f;fhQk; brhw;bwhlh;fis khw;wpaikj;Jf; fhz;f.
m) tPl;Lf;Fr; bry;yj;jhd; ,t;tst[ gPoifah>
tpil : tPl;ow;Fr; bry;tjw;Fj;jhd; ,t;tst[ gPoifahk;.
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M) ,e;jr; NH;epiy khwpahf ntz;Lk;.

tpil : ,e;jr; NH;epiyia khw;wpj;jhd; Mf ntz;Lk;.
,) thD}h;jpiar; brYj;Jjy;/ cyifa[k; fliya[k; msj;jy; nghd;w ve;jr; braYk;
Mz;/ bgz; ,UghyUf;Fk; bghJthdit.
tpil : thD}h;jpiar; brYj;Jjy;/ cyifa[k; fliya[k; msj;jy; Mfpa bray;fs; Tl
Mz; bgz; ,UghyUf;Fk; bghJthk;.
<) rikg;gJ jhH;btd vz;zyhkh>
tpil : rikg;gJ kl;Lk; jhH;btd vz;zyhkh>
c) g{f;fhkny rpy ku=;fspy; fha;g;gJz;L.
tpil : g{f;fhkYk; rpy ku=;fs; fha;f;Fk;.
C) thshy; btl;odhd;.
tpil : thshy;jhd; btl;odhd;.
xg;gpl;Lr; Ritg;nghk; :
ghg;gh ghl;L Child’s Song
Xo tpisahL ghg;gh/ ? eP Run about and play my sweet little Child
Xa;e;jpUf;f yhfhJ ghg;gh/ And idle not sweet little child;
To tpisahL ghg;gh/ ? xU In game and sport have many mates
FHe;ijia itahnj ghg;gh. And revile not any one child.
fhiy vGe;jt[ld; gog;g[ ? gpd;g[ Rise at dawn to learn your lesson,

fdpt[ bfhLf;Fk; ey;y ghl;L Then sing such airs that are soothing,
khiy KGJk; tpisahl;L ? vd;W To games devote the whole evening,
tHf;fg; gLj;jpf;bfhs;S ghg;gh. Get habituated thus, oh child!
bkhHpbgah;f;f.
Akbar said, ”How many crows are there in this city?”
Without even a moment’s thought, Birbal replied “There are fifty thousand five hundred and
eighty nine crows, my lord”.
“How can you be so sure?” asked Akbar.
Birbal said, “Make your men count, My lord. If you find more crows it means some have come to
visit their relatives here. If you find less number of crows it means some have gone to visit their
relatives elsewhere”.
Akbar was placed very much by Birbal’s wit.
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gPh;ghypd; eifr;Rita[zh;t[
,e;j efuj;jpy; vj;jid fhf=;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd> vd;W mf;gh; nfl;lhh;.
gPh;ghy; xU fzk; Tl nahrpf;fhky; Ik;gjhapuj;J IE}w;W vz;gj;bjhd;gJ fhf=;fs;
,Uf;fpd;wd munr vd;W gjpyspj;jhh;.
vg;go cd;dhy; cWjpahfr; brhy;y KofpwJ vd;whh; mf;gh;.
c=;fsJ Ml;fis itj;J vz;Q=;fs; munr vd;whh;. ,ij tpl mjpfkhd fhf=;fs;
,Ue;jhy; rpy ,=;Fs;s j=;fSila cwtpdh;fisg; ghh;f;f te;jpUf;Fk;. ehd; Twpaijtplf;
Fiwthf ,Ue;jhy;/ ntW ,l=;fspy; cs;s j=;fs; cwtpdh;fisf; fhzr; brd;wpUf;Fk;
vd;W mh;j;jk; vd;whh; gPh;ghy;.
gPh;ghYila eifr;Ritiaa[k;/ eifr;Rit czh;ita[k; vz;zp mf;gh;/ jpUg;jpa[k;/ kd
kfpH;t[k; mile;jhh;.
gpiH ePf;fp vGJf :

1. kjPdh rpwe;j ,irty;Yeh; ntz;Lk;
tpil : kjPdh rpwe;j ,irty;Yeuhf ntz;Lk;
2. ey;y jkpGf;F vGJnthk;
tpil : ey;y jkpHpy; vGJnthk;
3. gts tpHpjhd; ghpR chpats;.
tpil : gtstpHpjhd; ghpRf;F chpats;.
4. Jd;gj;jhy; bghWj;Jf; bfhs;gtnd btw;wp bgWthd;
tpil : Jd;gj;ijg; bghWj;Jf; bfhs;gtd; jhd; btw;wpiag; bgWthd;.
5. FHypa[k; ghlj; bjhpa[k;
tpil : FHypf;Fk; ghlj; bjhpa[k;
,ilr; brhw;fisf; bfhz;L bjhlh;fis ,izf;f.
(v.fh) bgUk; kiH bga;jJ. bts;sk; fiu g[uz;L XoaJ.
bgUk; kiH bga;jjhy; bts;sk; fiu g[uz;L XoaJ.
1. mYtyh; te;jhh; midtUk; gjw;wk; mile;jdh;.
tpil : mYtyh; te;jt[ld; midtUk; gjw;wk; mile;jdh;.
(my;yJ)
mYtyh; te;jjhy; midtUk; gjw;wk; mile;jdh;
2. Rlh;f;bfho ghodhs;;" khyd; ghodhd;.
tpil : Rlh;f;bfhoa[k; khyDk; ghodhh;fs;.
3/ gHdpkiy bghpaJ" ,kakiy kpfg; bghpaJ.
tpil : gHdpkiyiatpl ,kakiyjhd; kpft[k; bghpaJ.
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4. ftiyaw;w vjph;fhyk;" fy;tpna epfH;fhyk;.

tpil : ftiyaw;w vjph;fhyk; mika ntz;Lbkdpy; fy;tpna epfH;fhykhf
ntz;Lk;.
tpsk;guj;ijr; bra;jpj;jhs; bra;jpahf khw;wpaikf;f :

g[j;jfk; gog;nghk;- g[jpad mwpnthk;-
g[j;jfj; jpUtpHh
ehs; : brg;lk;gh; 19 Kjy; 28 tiu
,lk; : ruRtjp kfhy; E}yfk;/ j+;rht{h;
neuk; : fhiy 8 kzp Kjy; khiy 6 kzp tiu
(Kjy; ehs; fhiy 9 kzpf;Fj; jkpHff; fy;tp mikr;rh; bjhl=;fp
itf;fpwhh;)
(ehs;njhWk; khiy 6 kzpf;Fg; g[jpa g[j;jf=;fs; btspaPLk; rpwg;g[g;
ngr;rhsh;fspd; ciua[k; ,lk;bgWk;)
midtUk; thhPh;- mwpt[j;jpwk; bgWtPh;-
bra;jp
g[j;jfj; jpUtpHh
brg; ? 18. j+;rht{h;.
j+;rht{hpy; cs;s ruRtjp kfhy; E}yf tshfj;jpy; brg;lk;gh; 19 Kjy; 28 tiu g[j;jfj;
jpUtpHh eilbgw cs;sJ.
ehs;njhWk; fhiy 8 kzp bjhl=;fp khiy 6 kzp Koa g[j;jf=;fs; tpw;gidf;Fk;/
gog;gjw;Fk; itf;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,g;g[j;jfj; jpUtpHhtpid Kjy; ehs; fhiy 9 kzpf;Fj;
jkpHff; fy;tp mikr;rh; bjhl=;fp itf;fpwhh;. ehs;njhWk; khiy 6 kzpf;F g[jpa
g[j;jf=;fs; btspaPLk; g[fH;bgw;w ngr;rhsh;fspd; brhw;bghHpt[fSk; ,lk; bgWfpd;wd.
midtUk; tUif je;J mwpt[j;jpwk; bgw;Wr; bry;YkhW tpHhf;FHtpduhy; miHg;g[
tpLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
6. epfH;tpidg; goj;J tpdhf;fSf;F tpilasp.

mz;zhtpd; thH;f;ifapy;...
jkpHf Kjyikr;ruhf mz;zh bghWg;ngw;w fhyfl;lj;jpy;/ mhprp btsp
khepy=;fSf;Fr; bry;yf;TlhJ vd;w fl;Lg;ghL ,Ue;jJ. xU ehs; mz;zh tpUj;jhryk;
Tl;lj;ij Koj;Jtpl;Lj; jpUk;gpf; bfhz;oUe;jhh;. tHpapy; nrhjidr; rhtoapy; mtuJ
tz;o epWj;jg;gl;lJ. m=;fpUe;j tUtha; mYtyh;/ Kjyikr;rhpd; kfpGe;J vd;w
mwpahkny jpwe;Jfhl;lr; bra;jhh;. kfpGe;jpd; gpd;gf;fk; KGtJk; khiyfs;/ ifj;jwp
Milfs;/ thH;j;Jkly;fs; ,Ue;jd. mtw;iwg; ghh;j;j gpwF jhd; me;j mYtyUf;F
te;jpUg;gJ ahh; vd;gJ g[hpe;jJ. clnd mth; mz;zhtpd; mUfpy; brd;W/ ``bjhpahky;
ele;Jtpl;lJ bghWj;Jf; bfhs;S=;fs;~~ vd;whh;. Mdhy;/ mz;zh mth; cjtpahshplk;/
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``,e;j mYtyhpd; bgaiuf; Fwpj;Jf; bfhs;S=;fs;~~ vd;whh;. me;j mYtyh; jdf;F Vnjh
ele;J tplg;nghfpwJ vd mr;rg;gl;L mHhj Fiwahff; bf+;rpdhh;. clnd/ mz;zh/
`èh=;fs; nghLk; rl;l=;fisr; rhpahd Kiwapy; epiwntw;Wk; bghWg;g[ c=;fisg; nghd;w
mYtyhpd; ifapy;jhd; ,Uf;fpwJ. ,d;W nehpy; c=;fs; braiyg; ghh;j;njd;. c=;fisg;
nghd;wth;fs;jhk; cah;gjtpf;F tu ntz;Lk;. mjw;fhfj;jhd; c=;fs; bgaiuf; nfl;nld;~~
vd;whh;.
1. kfpGe;jpy; te;jpUg;gJ mz;zh vd;gij tUtha;mYtyh; vg;go mwpe;jhh;>
kfpGe;jpd; gpd;gf;fk; KGtJk; khiyfs;/ ifj;jwp Milfs; thH;j;J kly;fs;
,Ue;jd. mtw;iwg; ghh;j;j gpwFjhd; te;jpUg;gJ mz;zh vd tUtha; mYtyh;
mwpe;J bfhz;lhh;.
2. mz;zhtplk; Vd; tUtha; mYtyh; bghWj;Jf; bfhs;sr; brhd;dhh;>
Kjyikr;rh; vd;W bjhpahky; nrhjidr;rhtoapy; kfpGe;ij jpwe;J fhl;lr;
brhd;djhy;/ vd;d elf;Fnkh vd;W mr;rg;gl;L/ bjhpahky; ele;Jtpl;lJ bghWj;Jf;
bfhs;S=;fs; vd;whh;.
3. mz;zh tUtha; mYtyhpd; braiy vt;thW ghuhl;odhh;>
rl;l=;fisr; rhpahd Kiwapy; epiwntw;Wk; bghWg;g[ c=;fisg; nghd;wth;fs;
ifapy;jhd; ,Uf;fpwJ. c=;fisg; nghd;wth;fns cah;gjtpf;F tuntz;Lk; vd;W
ghuhl;odhh;.
4. gj;jpapy; ,lk;bgWk; ,ilr; brhw;fisf; bfhz;L ,U g[jpa brhw;bwhlh;fis cUthf;Ff>

jhd; : gjtp cah;t[ tH=;fj;jhd; ck; bgaiuf; nfl;nld;.
,d; : rl;lj;ijf; fhf;Fk; bghWg;g[ mYtyhpd; ifapy;jhd; cs;sJ
fs; : bghWg;g[zh;t[ld; bray;gLk; mYtyh;fs; ehl;ow;Fj; njit.
5. epfH;t[f;Fg; bghUj;jkhd jiyg;gpLf:

`` bghWg;g[zh;t[~~ (my;yJ) ``flika[zh;t[~~

brhw;fisg; gad;gLj;jp bjhlh;fis cUthf;Ff.
khzth;fs; Mrphpah; ghlntis fUk;gyif

g[j;jfk; vGJnfhy; mHpg;ghd; tHpghl;Lf; Tl;lk;
miw fy;Y}hp cah;epiy rPUil
kof;fzpdp
v.fh. tHpghl;Lf; Tl;lj;jpy; khzth;fs; rPUila[ld; epd;wdh;.
1. khzth;fs; cah;epiy mila ntz;Lk; vd;whh; Mrphpah;.
2. khzth;fns- vGJnfhYk; mHpg;ghDk; bfhz;L thU=;fs; vd;whh; Mrphpah;.
3. ghlntisapd; bghGJ Mrphpah; fUk;gyifapy; vGjpdhh;.
4. khzth;fs; ghlntisf;Fhpa g[j;jf=;fisf; bfhz;Ltutpy;iy.
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5. tHpghl;Lf; Tl;lj;jpy; kof;fzpdp tH=;fg;gl;lJ.

6. Mrphpah; miwapypUe;J g[j;jfk; vLj;J th.
7. fy;Y}hp khzth;fSf;F kof;fzpdp njit.
8. rPUil mzpe;nj tHpghl;Lf;Tl;lj;jpw;F tuntz;Lk;.
9. fUk;gyifia mHpg;ghdhy; Rj;jk; bra;jhd;.
10. rPUila[k;/ kof;fzpdpa[k; muR tpiyapd;wpf; bfhLf;fpwJ.
mfuhjpapy; fhz;f.
(mu=;F/ xl;gk;/ fhd;/ eir/ bghUeh;)
mu=;F ? mu=;fk;/ cs;tPL
xl;gk; ? mwpt[/ mHF/ ed;ik/ nkd;ik
fhd; ? fhL/ kzk;/ tha;f;fhy;/ ,ir
eir ? Mir/ Fw;wk;/ vs;sy;/ <uk;
bghUeh; ? giltPud;/ jiytd;/ nghh;f;fsj;J brd;W ghLk; Tj;jd;.
gl=;fis ,izj;jhy; fpilf;Fk; E}y;fspd; bgah;fisj; njh;e;bjLj;J vGJf.
(xU fpuhkj;J ejp/ fpHtDk; flYk;/ fUg;g[ kyh;fs;/ rhf;ul;O!pd; rptg;g[ E}yfk;/ jz;zPh;
jz;zPh;)
1. eh. fhkuhrdpd; ftpij E}y;:
fUg;g[ kyh;fs;
2. jpiug;glkhf btspte;j nfhky; Rthkpehjdpd; ehlf E}y;:
jz;zPh; jz;zPh;
3. nehgy; gupR bgw;w vu;d!;l b\kp=;nttpd; FW ehty;:
fpHtDk; flYk;
4. rhfpj;a mfhbjkp gupR bgw;w rpw;gpapd; ftpij E}y;
xU fpuhkj;J ejp
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5. v!;,uhkfpU&;zdpd; rpwhh;; ehty;
rhf;ul;O!pd; rptg;g[ E}yfk;
10. fhl;rpiaf; fz;L ftpDw vGJf.

`thH;f;ifapd; fPH;goapy; epd;nwd;
mz;zhe;J ghu;j;njd;
caur; bry;y V=;fpndd;
gs;spapd; goapy; fhy; itj;njd;
frlw fw;nwd; cau;e;njd;
gl;l=;fSk; gjtpfSk; njo te;jd
fy;tpna ek;ik cau;j;Jk;
gof;fl;L vd czu;e;njd;.......
11. fojk; vGJf:
c=;fs; gs;sp E}yfj;jpw;Fj; jkpH; ? jkpH; ? M=;fpyk; vd;Dk; ifalf;f mfuhjpfs; gj;Jg;gofisg;
gjpt+;rypy; mDg;g[khW bea;jy; gjpg;gfj;jpw;F xU fojk; vGJf.
mDg;g[eu;
kh.,dpad;/
muR Mz;fs; nky;epiiyg;gs;sp/
ehtY}u;.
bgWeu;
nkyhsh; mth;fs;/
bea;jy; gjpg;gfk;/
kJiu ? 16.
Iah/
bghUs; : E}yfj;jpw;F mfuhjp mDg;g[jy; bjhlu;ghf
tzf;fk;. v=;fs; gs;sp ehtY}upy; mike;Js;sJ. Rkhu; 500 khztu;fs; gapy;fpd;nwhk;.
v=;fs; gs;sp E}yfj;jpw;F/ j=;fs; gjpg;gfj;jhy; btspaplg;gl;Ls;s/ jkpH; ? jkpH; ? M=;fpyk;
vd;Dk; ifalf;f mfuhjpfs; gj;Jg;gofisg; gpd;tUk; Kftupf;Fg; gjpt[ m+;rypy;
mDg;g[k;go ntz;of;bfhs;fpnwd;.
ehs; : 06.08.18 ,g;gof;F/
,lk; : ehtY}h; kh. ,dpad;.
mfuhjpfs; mDg;g ntz;oa Kftup
kh. ,dpad;/
muR Mz;fs; nky;epiyg;gs;sp/
ehtY}u;/ ntY}u; khtl;lk;.
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ed;wp -
bray;jpl;lk;
bgz;fy;tp tsh;r;rpf;F ciHj;jth;fs; gw;wpa bra;jpg; glj;bjhFg;gpid cUthf;Ff.
khztu;fns-
bgz;fy;tp tsu;r;rpf;F ciHj;jtu;fs;
kfhj;kh fhe;jp/ <.bt.uh. bgupahu;/ ghujpahu;/ ghujpjhrd;/ ifyh&; rj;ahu;j;jp
,tu;fspd; g[ifg;gl=;fisr; nrfupj;J xU glj; bjhFg;gpid cUthf;F=;fs;.
,tu;fs; kl;Lky;y. ,d;Dk; fy;tpf;fhf bjhz;L g[upe;j/ cdf;Fj; bjupe;j jiytu;fspd;
gl=;fisa[k; nrfupj;Jf; bfhs;S=;fs;.
epw;f mjw;Fj;jf...
vdf;Fg; gpoj;jit / vd; bghWg;g[fs;
1. vd;id cau;thfg; ngRtJ vdf;Fg; gpof;Fk;.
vtiua[k; fhag;gLj;jhky; ele;J bfhs;tJk;/ Fiw Twhky; ngRtJk; vd; bghWg;g[
2. vdf;Fg; glk; tiutJ gpof;Fk;.
gs;spr;Rth;/ tPl;Lr;Rth;/ bghJr;Rth; Mfpatw;wpy; tiuahky; vGjhky; ,Ug;gnjhL
gpwiua[k; mt;thW bra;atplhky; jLg;gJ vd; bghWg;g[
vdf;Fg; gpoj;jit vd; bghWg;g[fs;
1. vd;id cah;;thfg; ngRtJ vdf;Fg; gpwiuf; fhag;gLj;jhky; ele;J bfhs;tJk;/
gpof;Fk; Fiw Twhky; ,Ug;gJk; vd; bghWg;g[
2. vdf;Fg; glk; tiutJ gpof;Fk; gs;sp/ tPL/ bghJr;Rtu;fspy; tiuahky;/
vGjhky; ,Ug;gJk;/ gpwiua[k; vGj/ tiua
tplhky; jLg;gJk; vd; bghWg;g[
3. eifr;Rit vdf;F kpft[k; gpof;Fk; eifr;Ritf;fhfg; gpwiu g[z;gLj;jhJ/
,fHhJ ,Ug;gJ vd; bghWg;g[
,t;thW/ ekf;Fg; gpoj;jkhd bray;fisr; bra;fpd;w bghGJ/ ve;epiyapYk; gpwiug;
ghjpf;Fk; tifapy; ele;J bfhs;shJ ,Ug;gJ ek; bghWg;ghFk;.
fiyr;brhy; mwpnthk;
r@f rPu;jpUj;jthjp : (Social reformer)
jd; bfhs;iffshYk;/ bray;fshYk; r@f epiyia khw;w Kaw;rpg;gtu;.
jd;dhu;tyu; (volunteer)
jhdhfnt Kd; te;J rf kdp[ju;f;Fk;/ r@fj;Jf;Fk; ew;bray; bra;gtu;.
fsu; epyk; (Saline soil)
ew;gapu;fs; tsu ,ayhj gz;glhj ctu; epyk;
brhw;bwhlu; (Sentence)
xd;Wf;Fk; nkw;gl;l brhw;fs; mike;J bghUs; jUk; tifapy; miktJ

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ciueil cyfk;
Þò™
ÝÁ rpw;gf;fiy
ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjhpf
1. gy;ytu; fhyr; rpw;g=;fSf;Fr; rpwe;j rhd;W ...............
m) khky;yg[uk; M) gps;isahh; gl;o
,) jphpg[tdtPnuRtuk; <) jhof;bfhk;g[
tpil : m) khky;yg[uk;
2. jpUehjh;Fd;wpy; xU ghiwapy; g[ilg;g[r; rpw;g=;fshf cs;sit ...............
m) tpy=;F cUt=;fs; M) jPh;j;j=;fuh; cUt=;fs;
,) bja;t cUt=;fs; <) ehl;oak; MLk; ghit cUt=;fs;
tpil : M) jPh;j;j=;fuh; cUt=;fs;
FWtpdh
1. brg;g[j; jpUnkdpfs; gw;wpf; Fwpg;g[ tiuf.
z brg;g[j; jpUnkdpfs; nrhHu; fhy rpw;gf;fiy El;gj;jpw;Fr; rpwe;j rhd;whFk;.
z nrhHu; fhyj;jpy;jhd; kpFjpahd brg;g[j;jpUnkdpfs; cUtikf;fg;gl;ld.
z flt[spd; cUt=;fSk;/ kdpj cUt=;fSk; kpFe;j fiy El;gj;njhL totikf;fg;
gl;ld.
z nrhHu; fhyk; ``brg;g[j; jpUnkdpfspd; bghw;fhyk;~~ vd;W miHf;fg;gLk; mstpw;F
mit mHFw mike;Js;sd.
2. eLfy; vd;why; vd;d>

z eLfy; gw;wpaf; Fwpg;g[ bjhy;fhg;gpaj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpwJ.
z nghupy; tpGg;g[z;gl;L ,we;j tPuUf;F eLfy; elg;gLk;.
z mf;fy;ypy; mt;tPuupd; cUtk; bghwpf;fg; bgWk;. mtuJ tPuj;jpd; rpwg;g[k; Twg;bgWk;.
z jkpHupd; bjhlf;ffhyr; rpw;gf; fiyf;Fr; rhd;whf ,jidf; Fwpg;gpLtu;.
3. ,irj;J}z;fs; ahu; fhyj;jpy; mikf;fg;gl;lit>

gy;ntW Xirfis vGg;g[k; ,irf; fw;W}z;fs; tp$a efu kd;du;fs; fhyj;jpy;
mikf;fg;gl;ld.
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rpWtpdh
1. KG cUtr; rpw;g=;fs; ? g[ilg;g[r; rpw;g=;fs; ,uz;ow;Fk; cs;s ntWghL ahJ>
KG cUtr; rpw;gk;:
cUtj;jpd; Kd; gFjpa[k;/ gpd; gFjpa[k; bjspthfj; bjupa[k; tifapy; KG cUtj;Jld;
mike;J ,Uf;Fk;.
g[ilg;g[r; rpw;gk;:
g[ilg;g[r; rpw;gj;jpy; Kd;gFjp kl;Lnk bjupa[k; go mike;J ,Uf;Fk;.
2. ehaf;fu; fhyr; rpw;g=;fspd; El;g=;fs; ahit>

z ehaf;fu; fhyr; rpw;g=;fspy; Mil Mguz=;fs; fiy eaj;Jld; fhzg;gLk;.
z ehaf;fu; fhyr; rpw;g=;fis/ fiy El;gj;jpd; cr;repiy gilg;g[ vd;W Twyhk;.
z tpHpnahl;lk;/ g[Ut bespt[/ ef mikg;g[ vd kpf kpf El;gkhff; fiy eaj;Jld; mit
gilf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
beLtpdh
1. jkpH;ehl;L rpw;g=;fs; fiyeak; kpf;fdthft[k;/ tuyhw;Wg; gjpt[fshft[k; ,Ug;gij epWt[f.
Kd;Diu:
fy;ypYk;/ cnyhfj;jpYk; fUtpfs; bra;j kdpjd;;; rpw;gk; vd;Dk; Ez;fiyia tof;fj;
bjhl=;fpdhd;. czu;t[fisa[k;/ epfH;t[fisa[k; btspg;gLj;Jk; rpw;g=;fs; tuyhw;wpd;
thapy;fshft[k;/ fiyeak; kpf;fdthft[k; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
rpw;g=;fspd; fiy eak;:
``fw;ftp+u;fs;~~ vd;W rpwg;gpf;fg;gLk; rpw;gpfs; toj;j rpw;g=;fs; xt;bthd;Wk;
fiyeak; kpf;fitaha; kpspu;fpd;wd.
rpw;g=;fis nfhtpy;fspd; fl;ll=;fs;/ fw;W}z;fs;/ Rw;Wr;Rtu;fs; EiHt[ thapy;fs;
vd midj;J ,l=;fsp[Yk; fiyeak; kpspu brJf;fpdu;.
g[Jf;nfhl;il khtl;lk; ehu;j;jh kiyapy; cs;s rpw;gk; eldf; fiyapd; Kj;jpiufSld;
mikf;fg;gl;oUf;Fk; gh=;F fiy eaj;Jf;nfhu; rhd;whFk;. flt[spd; cUt=;fSk;/ kdpj
cUt=;fSk; kpFe;j fiy El;gj;njhL totikf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. jpUtu=;ff; nfhtpypDs;
mikf;fg;gl;Ls;s rpw;g=;fspy; btspg;gLk; Kf ghtidfs; rpw;gf;fiy El;gj;jpw;F jdp
rhd;wha;j; jpfH;fpwJ.
nfhtpy; nfhg[u=;fspy; Rijfshyhd rpw;g=;fs; kpFjpahf cs;sd. mtw;Ws; Mil/
mzpfyd;fs; mzpe;j epiyapy; cs;s cUt=;fs; rpw;g=;fshapd. mita[k; rpw;gf;
fiyEl;gk; tha;e;jit. cUt=;fs; tpHpnahl;lk;/ g[Ut bespt[. efmikg;g[ vd kpf kpf
El;gkhf fiy eaj;Jld; gilf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
fpU&;zhg[uk; nt=;flhrygjp nfhtpypy; cs;s Fwtd;/ Fwj;jp/ ,ujpnjtp rpiyfs;
fhz;nghiu <u;f;Fk; fiyeak; tha;e;jit.
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rpw;g=;fs; tuyhw;Wg; gjpt[fs;:

rpw;gf; fiyiag; gw;wpf; Tw Kw;gLfpd;w bghGJ/
y gy;ytu; fhyr; rpw;g=;fs;
y ghz;oau; fhyr; rpw;g=;fs;
y nrhHu; fhyr; rpw;g=;fs;
y tp$a efu kd;du; fhyr; rpw;g=;fs;
y ehaf;fu; fhyr; rpw;g=;fs;
vd;nw tifg;gLj;Jfpnwhk;. vdnt rpw;gf;fiy tuyhw;Wg; gjpthft[k; jpfH;fpwJ
vd;gij kWf;f ,ayhJ.
khky;yg[uk;/ fh+;rpg[uk;/ jpUr;rp kiyf;nfhl;il nghd;w ,l=;fspy; cs;s rpw;g=;fs; @
yk; gy;ytu; fhy tuyhw;iw czuyhk;.
jpUkak;/ gps;isahu;gl;o/ Fd;wf;Fo/ jpUg;gu=;Fd;wk;/ fGFkiy btl;Lthd;
nfhtpy; rpw;g=;fs; ghz;oau; fhyr; rpw;gf;fiyf;Fr; rhd;WfshFk;.
f=;if bfhz;l nrhHg[uk;/ jhuhRuk;/ jpupg[tdk;/ j+;ir bgUt[ilahu; nfhtpy;fspy;
cs;s rpw;g=;fs; @yk;/ ,uhr,uhrnrhHd;/ Fnyhj;J=;f nrhHd;/ ,uhnre;jpu nrhHd;/
,uz;lhk; ,uhruhrd; nghd;w kd;du;fspd; tuyhWfisa[k;/ mth;fs; fiy tsu;j;jg;
gh=;fpida[k; mwpayhk;.
tp$aefu kd;du;fs; nfhtpy;fspy; kpf cah;e;j nfhg[u=;fs; mikf;Fk; gzpiar;
brt;tnd bra;jJ/ mtw;wpy; Rijfshyhd rpw;g=;fis mikf;fr; bra;jdh;.
nrhHu; fhyj;ij brg;g[j; jpUnkdpfspd; bghw;fhyk; vd;W rpwg;gpf;fpd;wdh;.
ehaf;f kd;du;fspd; fhyj;jpy; Mapu=;fhy; kz;lgk; mikf;fg;gl;l tuyhw;iw
mwptpf;fpwJ ,f;fiy.
kJiu kPdhl;rpak;kd; nfhapy; J}z;fspy; cs;s rpw;g=;fs; fz;zg;gu;/ re;jpukjp/
mupr;re;jpud; tuyhw;iw vLj;Jf; TWfpwJ.
Kot[iu:
rpw;g=;fs; vd;gd bja;t=;fshfg; nghw;wp tz=;Ftjw;Fk;/ Vida cUt=;fisf;
fz;L fspg;gjw;Fk; kl;Lky;y/ mit fiyeaj;jpd; rhd;whft[k;/ tuyhw;Wg; gjpt[fshft[k;/
mwptpd; Kjpu;r;rpf;F Xu; milahskhft[k; ,Ug;gjhy; rpw;gf;fiyiag; nghw;wp ngQtJ
ek; flikahFk;.
TLjy; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjhpf
1. tpGg;g[z;gl;L ,we;j tPuUf;F elg;gLtJ vJ ...............
m) iky;fy; M) RLfy; ,) eLfy; <) fU=;fy;
tpil : ,) eLfy;
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2. rpw;gpfs; ............... vd rpwg;gpf;fg;gl;ldh;.

m) fy;nyhtpah;fs; M) fw;ftp+h;fs;
,) fw;brhy;nyhtpah;fs; <) Rtnuhtpah;fs; tpil : M) fw;ftp+h;fs;
3. fGFkiy nfhtpy; rpw;g=;fs; ............... fhyj;jitahFk;.
m) ehaf;fh; M) gy;yth; ,) ghz;oah; <) nrhHh;
tpil : ,) ghz;oah;
4. jkpH;ehL bjhHpy;El;gf; fy;tp ,af;ffk; btspapl;l E}y; ................
m) rpw;gf;fiy M) jkpHf rpw;g=;fs;
,) rpw;gKk; rpe;jida[k; <) rpw;gr;bre;E}y; tpil : <) rpw;gr;bre;E}y;
5. cnyhfg;gok=;fs; bra;a[k; gapw;rp epiya=;fs; mike;Js;s ,l=;fs;
m) Rthkpkiy M) Fk;gnfhzk; ,) kJiu
i) m?rhp/ M/ , ? jtW ii) Kjy; ,uz;L rhp
iii) @d;Wk; rhp iv) @d;Wk; jtW tpil : iii) @d;Wk; rup
6. jkpHfr; rpw;gf;fiyapy; ,lk; bgWk; fiyf; TWfs;
m) nahff;fiy M) ehl;oaf;fiy ,) ,irf;fiy <) ngr;Rf;fiy
i) m/ M?rhp ii) m/M ? jtW
iii) ehd;Fk; rhp iv) ehd;Fk; jtW tpil : nahff;fiy/ ehl;oaf;fiy
7. bfhLk;ghSh; @th; nfhtpy; fl;oa kd;dd;
m) Kjyhk; guhe;jfr; nrhHd; M) ,uz;lhk; guhe;jfr; nrhHd;
,) Kjyhk; Fnyhj;J=;fr; nrhHd; <) ,uz;lhk; Fnyhj;J=;fr; nrhHd;
tpil : M) ,uz;lhk; guhe;jfr; nrhHd;.
8. eLfy; gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLk; ,yf;fzE}y;
m) bjhy;fhg;gpak; M) ed;D}y;
; ,) g[wg;bghUs; btz;ghkhiy <) ,yf;fz tpsf;fk; tpil : m) bjhy;fhg;gpak;
9. khspiffspy; Rijr; rpw;g=;fs; ,Ue;jijf; Fwpg;gpLk; fhg;gpak; vJ>
m) rPtfrpe;jhkzp M) kzpnkfiy
,) esbtz;gh <) rpyg;gjpfhuk; tpil : M) kzpnkfiy
10. ehaf;fh;fhy rpw;gf;fiy El;gj;Jf;Fr; rhd;whFk; nfhtpy; vJ>
m) @J}h; bgUkhs; nfhtpy; M) ngqh; rptd; nfhtpy;
,) fh+;rp fapyhaehjh; nfhtpy; <) rPdpthrey;Y}h; ,u=;fehjh; nfhtpy;
tpil : M) ngqh; rptd;nfhtpy;
11. jpUtu=;ff;nfhtpy; ahUila fhyj;Jf; fl;llf; fiyf;Fr; rhd;whfpwJ.
m) ghz;oah; M) nrhHh; ,) gy;yth; <) nruh;
tpil : M) nrhHh;
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FWtpdh
1. rpw;g=;fis cUthf;f vtw;iwbay;yhk; gad;gLj;jyhk; vd jpthfu epfz;L Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.
fy;/ cnyhfk;/ br=;fy;/ kuk;/ kz;/ Rij (Rz;zhk;g[) je;jk;/ fz;l rUff;fiu/ bkGF
nghd;wtw;iwg; gad;gLj;jyhk; vd;W jpthfu epfz;L Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.
2. rpw;g=;fs; mikf;fg;gLk; ehd;F epiyfs; ahit>
z bja;t cUt=;fs;
z ,aw;if cUt=;fs;
z fw;gid cUt=;fs;
z KGtot (gpujpik) cUt=;fs; vd ehd;F epiyfspy; fy;ypdhYk;/ cnyhfj;jpdhYk;
rpw;g=;fs; mikf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
3. ghz;oah; fhy rpw;gntiyg;ghLfSf;F rhd;whFk; ,l=;fs; ahit>
ghz;oah; fhyj;jpy; Fiff; nfhapy;fspy; rpw;gntiyg;ghLfs; epiwe;jpUe;jd.
mtw;Wf;F rhd;whf. jpUkak;/ gps;isahh;gl;o/ Fd;wf;Fo/ jpUg;gu=;Fd;wk; Kjypa
,l=;fisf; Twyhk;.
4. rpw;g=;fis mtw;wpd; cUt mikg;g[ mog;gilapy; vj;jid tifahfg; gphpf;fyhk;> mit
ahit>
z ,uz;L tifahfg; gphpf;fyhk;
z KG cUtr; rpw;g=;fs;/ g[ilg;g[r; rpw;g=;fs; vd;gdthFk;.
5. g[ilg;g[r; rpw;g=;fis v=;F fhzyhk;>
muz;kidfs;/ nfhtpy;fs;.
6. fw;ftp+h;fs; ? Fwpg;g[ tiuf.
rpw;g ,yf;fz kuigg; gpd;gw;wpf; fiy eaj;JlDk; kpFe;j njh;r;rpa[lDk; rpw;gpfs;
rpw;g=;fis totikf;fpd;wdh;. mjdhy;/ mth;fisf; ``fw;ftp+h;fs;~~ vd;W rpwg;gpf;fpd;wdh;.
7. nrhHh; fhyr; rpw;g=;fspd; fUt{y=;fshfj; jpfH;igit ahit>
z Kjyhk; ,uhruhrd; fl;oa j+;irg; bghpanfhtpy;
z Kjyhk; ,uhnre;jpu nrhHd; vGg;gpa f=;if bfhz;l nrhHg[uk;
z ,uz;lhk; ,uhruhrd; vGg;gpa jhuhRuk; IuhtjPRtuh; nfhtpy;
z ,uz;lhk; Fnyhj;J=;fr; nrhHd; mikj;j jphpg[td tPnuRtuk; nfhtpy;
8. nrhHh; fhyr; rpw;gj;jpwDf;Fr; rhd;Wfshf tps=;Fgit>
j+;irg; bghpanfhtpypy; fhzg;gLfpd;w gjpdhd;F mo cauKs;s thapw;fhtyh;
cUt=;fSk; kpfg;bghpa ee;jpa[k; tpag;g{l;Lk; ntiyg;ghLfs; bfhz;l J}z;fSk;
nrhHh;fhyr; rpw;gj;jpwDf;Fr; rhd;Wfshf tps=;Ffpd;wd.
9. ehaf;fh; fhyr; rpw;g=;fs; fhzg;gLk; ,l=;fSf;Fr; rhd;W jUf.
z kJiu kPdhl;rp mk;kd; nfhtpy;
z ,uhnkRtuk; bgU=;nfhtpy;
z jpUbey;ntyp bey;iyag;gh; nfhtpy;
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10. ehaf;fh; fhyr; rpw;gf; fiy El;gj;jpd; cr;repiyg; gilg;g[ vd;W Fwpg;gplg;gLtJ vJ>
nfhak;g[j;J}Uf;F mz;ikapYs;s ngqh; rptd; nfhtpypy; cs;s rpw;g=;fs;
rpWtpdh
1. bgsj;j ? rkz rpw;g=;fs; ? Fwpg;g[ tiuf.
z bgsj;j rkaj;jpdh; g[j;jhpd; cUtj;ij mkh;e;j/ epd;w/ gLj;j epiyfspy; rpw;g=;fshf
gilj;J tHpgl;ldh;.
z rkz kjj;jpdh; mUff; flt[spd; cUtj;ija[k;/ ,Ugj;J ehd;F jPh;j;j=;fuh;
cUt=;fisa[k; rpw;g=;fshf;fpa[s;sdh;. ,Ugj;J ehd;F jPh;j;j=;fuh; cUt=;fSk;
g[ilg;g[r; rpw;g=;fshfr; brJf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
2. ,d;iwa rpw;gf;fiy Fwpj;J vGJf>
z ,d;W Rij rpw;g=;fSk;/ fy;rpw;g=;fSk; mikf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wd.
z br=;fy;/ ig+;Rij (rpbkz;l;) Mfpatw;iwf; bfhz;Lk; fiyeakpf;f rpw;g=;fis
tof;fpd;wdh;.
z btz;fyk; kw;Wk; braw;if ,iHfs; @ykhft[k; cUt=;fs; cUthf;fg; gLfpd;wd.
z ,d;iwa rpw;gf;fiy nfhtpy;fisf; fle;J/ gyJiwfspy; jd; ,lj;ij epiwt[
bra;fpwJ.
3. kJiu kPdhl;rp mk;kd; nfhtpy; rpw;g=;fs; gw;wp vGJf.
kJiu kPdhl;rp mk;kd; nfhtpy; Mapu=;fhy; kz;lgj; J}z;fspy; fz;zg;gu;/ Fwtd;
Fwj;jp nghd;w rpw;g=;fs; cs;sd. mupr;re;jpud;/ re;jpukjp rpw;g=;fspy; Mil/ Mguz=;fs;
fiyeaj;Jld; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,we;j ike;jidf; ifapy; Ve;jpago epw;Fk; re;jpukjp
rpiya[k; mike;Js;sJ.
4. rpw;gf;fiy tsh;r;rpapy; jkpHf murpd; g=;fpid vLj;jpak;g[f.

z jkpHf muR/ rpw;gf; fiy+u;fisg; guprspj;Jg; ghuhl;or; rpw;gf;fiyia tsh;j;J
tUfpwJ. khky;yg[uj;jpy; jkpH;ehL muR rpw;gf;fy;Y}upia elj;jp tUfpwJ. mf;fy;Y}hpapy;
,Ue;J Mz;LnjhWk; rpw;gf; fiy+u;fs; gyu; cUthfpd;wdh;.
z Rthkpkiy/ Fk;gnfhzk;/ kJiu Mfpa ,l=;fspy; cnyhfg; gok=;fs; bra;a[k; gapw;rp
epiya=;fs; mike;Js;sd. brd;diapYk; Fk;gnfhzj;jpYk; cs;s muR ftpd;fiyf;
fy;Y}upfspy; rpw;gf;fiyiag; gapyyhk;.
z ,f;fiyj;Jiwapy; kpFjpahd ntiytha;g;g[fs; cs;sd. rpw;gf;fiy Fwpj;j
bra;jpfis midtUk; mwpe;Jbfhs;Sk; tifapy; jkpH;ehL bjhHpy;El;gf;fy;tp
,af;ffk; ``rpw;gr;bre;E}y;~~ vd;w E}iy btspapl;Ls;sJ.
1. c=;fs; gFjpapy; cs;s gHikahd rpw;gk; xd;iwg; gw;wpa bra;jpf;Fwpg;ig cUthf;Ff.

jpUbey;ntypapy; ,Ue;J 12 fp.kP bjhiytpy;/ jpUr;bre;J}u; rhiyapy; 16 k;
E}w;whz;oy; ehaf;f kd;du;fshy; fl;lg;gl;l fpU&;zhg[uk; bt=;flhrygjp nfhapy;
mike;Js;sJ. www.tnpscjob.com
,f;nfhapypd; jdpr;rpwg;g[ m=;Fs;s rpw;g=;fns. ,U kz;lg=;fspYk; MW mof;F

Fiwahky;/ 30f;Fk; nkw;gl;l rpw;g=;fs; cs;sd. ,e;jr; rpw;g=;fs; midj;Jk; xnu fy;ypy;
cUthf;fg;gl;l gpukhz;lkhd J}z;fspy;jhd; cs;sd.
,=;Fs;s gPkd;/ tpahf;ughyfd; rpw;gk; gw;wpa xU bra;jp cz;L.
gPkDk;/ tpahf;ughyfDk; rz;ilapLfpd;wdu;. ju;kuh$h eLepiy tfpg;gjhft[k;/
eLtuhf ,Ue;j ju;kuh$h tpahf;ughyfd; btd;wjhft[k; jPu;g;gspj;jhuhk;.
,e;jr; bra;jpiaf; Fwpf;Fk; tifapy;/ mjprar; rpw;gj; bjhFg;ghf mike;Js;sJ.
gPkDk;/ tpahf;ughyfDk;/ ju;kuh$ht[k; ,Uf;Fk; rpw;gk; cs;sJ.
,r;rpw;gj;jpy;/ gPkd; tPuKk;/ jpkpUk; btspg;gLj;Jk; Kfghtj;JlDk;/ tpahf;ughyfd;
guhf;fpukj;JlDk;/ ju;kuh$h mikjpahd Kfghtj;JlDk; ,Ug;gjhf rpw;gk;
cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
,f;nfhapypy; cs;s rpw;g=;fs; midj;Jk; jiyrpwe;j fiyg;gilg;g[fshft[k;/
czu;r;rp jJk;g[k; capnuhtpa=;fshft[k; fhl;rpaspf;fpd;wd.
,f;nfhapypd;/ ,uh$nfhg[uKk; fU=;fy;ypyhd jpUr;Rw;W kjpy;fSk;/ 16?Mk;
E}w;whz;od; fl;olf;fiyg; gzpf;Fr; rhd;whf cs;sJ.
2. Xtpah;/rpw;gp/,irf; fiy+h; xUtiur; re;jpj;J mtu; TWk; fiy El;g=;fisa[k;/
mDgt=;fisa[k; bjhFj;J tFg;giwapy; goj;Jf; fhl;Lf.
rpw;gpapd; fiy El;g=;fSk;/ mDgt=;fSk;
v=;fs; CUf;F mUfpy; cs;s rpw;gp xUtiur; re;jpf;Fk; tha;g;g[ fpilj;jJ. mtuplk;
rpw;g=;fis [brJf;Fjy;/ toj;jy;/ cUthf;fy;] xt;bthU bghUisf; bfhz;L bra;a[k;
nghJ nkw;Twpa @d;W bgau;fshYk; miHf;fg;gLkhk;. cUthf;Fk; El;g=;fisf;
TwKoa[kh vd;W tpdtpa nghJ/ gy tpag;g[f;Fupa bra;jpfisf; Twpdhu;. ,njh mtu;
Twpa fUj;Jfs;.
rpw;gk; vd;gJ xU Kg;gupkhzf; fiyg;bghUs; MFk;. ,J fodkhd my;yJ
befpH;tj[ j
; d;ik bfhz;l bghUs;fspy; ,Ue;J cUtk; bfhLg;gJ @yk; cUthf;fg;gLfpwJ.
fw;fs;/ cnyhfk; (brk;g[) kuk;/ kz;/ je;jk; nghd;w bghUl;fs; rpw;g=;fs; cUthf;fg;
gad;gLgitahk;.
fy;/ kuk; nghd;wtw;wpy; rpw;gk; cUthf;Fk; nghJ/ rpw;gkhf cUthf;f ntz;oatw;iwr;
brJf;Fthu;fshk;.
cnyhfk; nghd;w bghUs;fisf; bfhz;L bra;a[k; nghJ cUf;fp thh;g;ghh;fshk;/
xl;Ljy;
mr;Rfspy; mGj;Jjy; nghd;w cj;jpfisa[k; bjhHpy; El;g=;fisa[k; gad;gLj;Jnthk;
vd;whu;. kz;zhy; bra;a[k; nghJ cUtj;ijr; bra;jgpd; Nisapy; RLtjhff; Fwpg;gpl;lhu;.
rpw;g=;fs; kdpj ehfupfj;ija[k;/ mjd; tsu;r;rpf; TWfisa[k; btspg;gLj;Jk; rhd;Wfs;
vd;W bgUkpjg;gl;lhu;.
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nkYk;/ fy;/ cnyhfk;/ br=;fy;/ kuk;/ Rij (Rz;zhk;g[) bkGF/ je;jk; tz;zk;.
fz;l rUf;fiua[k; rpw;gk; tof;f Vw;witahk;.
xU cUtj;jpd; Kd;g[wk;/ gpd;g[wk; ,uz;ila[k; fhl;Lk; rpw;g=;fis KG totr;
rpw;g=;fs; vd;Wk;. xU g[wj;ij kl;Lk; fhl;Lk; rpw;g=;fisg; g[ilg;g[r; rpw;gk; vd;Wk;
TWthu;fs; vd;W bjspt[gLj;jpdhu;. rpw;g=;fs; rka btspg;ghlhft[k; murhl;rp gw;wpa
btspg;ghlhft[nk ,Ue;jd vd;whu;.
Kd;bgy;yhk; rpw;g=;fis cUthf;fpa nkijfs; rpw;gf;fiy @yk; cUt=;fSf;F
capql;odu;. ,d;nwh gz;ila kug[ Kiwfs; Kw;wpYk; khWgl;L tUtnjhL
clyikg;ig btspg;gLj;Jtjhf khwp tpl;lnj vd;W tUe;jpdhu;.
ehDk; tpil bgw;Wf;bfhz;L te;njd;.

ftpijg; ngiH
Þò™
ÝÁ ,uhtz fhtpak;
jkpH; ,yf;fpaj; jpiuapy; kpFjpahd vHpnyhtpa=;fisr; brhy;nyhtpa=;fshfg;

g[ytu;fs; jPl;o itj;Js;sdu;. mtw;Ws; rpy brhy;nyhtpa=;fs; ,uhtz
fhtpaj;jpYk; ,lk; bgw;Ws;sd. mjidg; goj;Jr; Ritg;nghk;.
E}y;btsp
,uhkhazj;jpy; vjpu;epiy khe;juhfg; gilf;fg;gl;l ,uhtzid Kjd;ik ehafdhff;
bfhz;L mikf;fg;gl;lJ ,uhtzfhtpak;. ,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;oy; njhd;wpa jdpj;jkpH;g;
bgU=;fhg;gpak; ,uhtz fhtpak;. ,e;E}y; 1946 ?Mk; Mz;L ,aw;wp btspaplg;gl;lJ.
,e;E}y;/ jkpHff; fhz;lk;/ ,y=;iff; fhz;lk;/ tpe;jf;fhz;lk;/ gHpg[up fhz;lk;/
nghu;f;fhz;lk; vd;Dk; Ie;J fhz;l=;fis cilaJ. ,e;E}ypy; 57 gly=;fs; cs;sd.
3100 ghly;fs; cs;sd.
,e;E}y; jkpH;j; njrpa czu;t[f; fhg;gpak; vd;Wk; miHf;fg;gl;lJ.
,e;E}ypy;/ jkpH; cau;t[k;/ jkpHu; cau;t[k; fhl;lg;gLfpwJ.
Mrpupau; Fwpg;g[:
z ,uhtz fhtpak; ,aw;wpatu; g[ytu; FHe;ij Mthu;. $%iy 1?Mk; ehs; 1906 Mk;
Mz;L <nuhL mUnf ``XytyR~~ vd;Dk; rpw;W}upy; gpwe;jhu;.
z bgw;nwhu;: Kj;Jrhkpf; ft[z;lu;/ rpd;dk;ik.
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z je;ij bgupahu; kPJ kupahija[k; gw;Wk; bfhz;ltu;. bgupahupd; ntz;LnfhSf;F

,z=;f 25 ehspy; jpUf;FwSf;F ciu vGjpdhu;.
z ahg;gjpfhuk;/ bjhilajpfhuk; ? cs;spl;l Kg;gJf;Fk; nkw;gl;l ,yf;fz/ ,yf;fpa
E}y;fisg; gilj;Js;shu;.
z FHe;ij mtu;fs; ``ntshz;~~ vd;w khj ,jiH elj;jpdhu;. ,tu; brg;lk;gu; 22 k; ehs;
1972y; ,t;t[yf thH;it ePj;jhu;.
ghlg;gFjp gFjp :
jkpHff; fhz;lj;jpYs;s Itif epy=;fspd; fhl;rpfisf; TWk; gj;Jg; ghly;fs; ek;
ghlg; gFjpahf ,lk; bgw;Ws;sd.
Fwp+;rp
kiya[k; kiyrhh;e;j gFjpa[k;
mUtpa KUfpa Mu;g;gg; ig=;fpsp mLg;gpL rhe;jnkhL mfpypd; ehw;wKk;
gUfpa jkpHpir ghlg; bghd;kapy; JLg;gpL iktdr; nrhw;wpd; ehw;wKk;
mUfpa rpiwtpupj; jhlg; g{+;rpid kLg;gL fhe;jspd; kzKe; njha;jyhw;
kUtpa Fuf;fpdk; kUz;L nehf;Fkhy; filg;gL bghUbsyhk; fkGk; Fd;wnk
tpsf;fk; :
kiyapy; ,Ue;J Mu;g;gupj;J tpGk; mUtpahdJ Fwp+;rpg;giw KH=;FtJ nghy;
xypf;Fk;. ig=;fpspfs; jhd; mwpe;j jkpHpiriag; ghLk;. bghd; nghd;w mHfpa kapy;fs;
jd; mfd;w rpwfpid tpupj;J MLk;. ,f;fhl;rpapdhy; g{f;fs; epiwe;j kuf;fpisfspy;
mku;e;jpUf;Fk; Fu=;fpd=;fs;/ kpul;rpa[ld; ghu;f;Fk;.
czitr; rikg;gjw;fhf mLg;gpy; ,Lk; re;jd kuf; Fr;rpfspd; eWkzKk;/ mfpypd;
eWkzKk;/ bfhjpf;fpd;w ciyapy; ,l;l kiy bey; muprpr; nrhw;wpd; kzKk; btspg;gLk;.
,tw;Wld; v=;Fk; kyu;e;J fplf;Fk; fhe;js; kyupd; kzKk;/ gutpj; njha;e;J fple;jjdhy;
Fwp+;rp epyg;gFjp KGtJk; cs;s bghUl;fs; kzk; fkH;e;J fhzg;gl;ld.
KUfpak; – Fwp+;rpg; giw JLg;gpL – ciyapy; ,l;l
mUfpa – mUikahd iktdk; – kiy bey;
rpiw – rpwfpid rhe;jk; – re;jdk;
g{+;;rpid – g{f;fis cila fpis fkGk; – kzk; tPRk;
kLg;gL – btspg;gLk;
Ky;iy epyk;
fhLk;/ fhL rhu;e;jJk;
g{ita[k; Fapy;fSk; bghy=;if tz;lUk; Kjpiua[k; rhika[k; tuFk; bgha;kzpf;
gh,ir ghlKg; gHKk; njDk; je; Fjpiuth ypa[k;fsk; Ftpj;Jf; Fd;W vdg;
nj,ir bgWk; flW ,ilau; Kf;FHy; bghJtu;fs; bghypcwg; nghu;m oj;jpLk;
Mtpdk; xU=;Fw mUFm izf;www.tnpscjob.com
Fkhy; mjpu;Fuy; nfl;LciH m+;rp XLnk-
tpsf;fk;:
ehfztha;g; gwitfSk;/ Fapy;fSk;/ mHF kpfg; bghUe;jpa tz;LfSk;/
gh,irj;Jg; ghod. g[fH;bgw;w Ky;iy epy kf;fshd Mau;fs;/ kh/ gyh/ thiH vd;Dk;
Kf;fdpfisa[k;/ njida[k; nrfupj;Jf; bfhz;L/ Kf;FHy; ,irahy; (bfhd;iw/ Mk;gy;/
@=;fpy; Mfpa @d;wpdhYk; Md FHy;fs;) nka[k;/ gRf;Tl;l=;fis xd;W nru;j;jdu;.
Fjpiu/ rhik/ nfH;tuF/ kzp nghd;w Fjpiuthyp bey; Mfpa jhdpa=;fis Ky;iy
epy kf;fs; mWj;Jf; fjpuoj;J fsj;jpy; Fd;W nghy; Ftpj;J itj;jpUg;gu;. mtu;fs;
fjpuof;Fk; Xir mjpu;t[ jUk;. mt;tjpu;tpd; Xir nfl;L(ciH ? bgz;khd;) khd;fs;
m+;rp XLk; jd;ik tha;e;jJ Ky;iy epyk;.
g{it – ehfztha;g; gwit Kf;FHy; – bfhd;iw/ Mk;gy; @=;fpy;
bghyk; – mHF Mfpatw;why; Md FHy;
bghy=;if – mHF bghUe;jpa bghJtu;fs; – Ky;iy epy kf;fs;
,ir bgWk; – g[fH; bgw;w bghyp – jhdpaf; Ftpay;
flW – fhL ciH – xU tif khd; (bgz; khd;)
ghiy epyk;
(RuKk;/ Ruk; rhu;e;j ,lKk;)
kd;dpa KJbtapy; tisg;g tha;btuP, fof;fkH; kuhkyu;f; fz;zp mk;rpwhu;
,d;dpsk; FUiskpf;F ,ide;J btk;gplj; gof;Fw vUj;Jf;nfhL md;d ghiyf;fha;
jd;dpHy; j=;fnt jha;ik kPJw btof;ftpl;L Mol tpUk;gpf; nfhypdhy;
ed;dupy; typa bre; eha;ca =;Fnk mof;Fk; Xirapd;gUe;J m+;rp XLnk
tpsf;fk;:
ghiy epyk; bfhoa btk;ikia cilaJ. bfhoa btapypd; btg;gj;ijj; jh=;f
,ayhj bre;eha;f;Fl;oapd; tha; kpft[k; cyu;e;J FHwpaJ. ,jidf; fz;l jha; bre;eha;
kpft[k; tUe;jpaJ. Fl;o ,isg;ghwp Xa;btLf;f v=;Fk; epHy; ,y;iy. vdnt fLk;
btapypd; btk;ikiaj; jhd; Vw;W Jd;g[w;W epd;W jdJ epHypy; Fl;oia ,isg;ghwr;
bra;jJ.
rpWtu;fs; ed;F kzk; tPRk;/ kuhkyu;fis khiyahf mzpe;jpUe;jdu;. vUjpd;
bfhk;g[fisg; nghd;w ghiyf; fha;fs;/ kuj;jpy; ,Ue;J epyj;jpy; tPH;e;J btof;FkhW/
mtu;fs; nfhypdhy; moj;J tpisahodu;. mt;nthiriaf; nfl;l gUe;Jfs; mr;rj;Jld;
gwe;J Xod.
brhy;Yk; bghUSk;:
kd;dpa – bfhoa fofkH; – rpwe;j kzk; tPRk;
KJbtapy; – btg;gk; jUk; btapy; kuhkyu; fz;zp – kuhkyu; khiy
tha;btuP, – nrhu;thy; tha; FHWjy; vUj;J – vUJ
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FUis – Fl;o nfhL – bfhk;g[

,ide;J – Jd;g[Wjy; gof;Fcw – epyj;jpy; tpH
ca=;Fnk – tUe;Jnk
kUjk;
taYk; tay; rhu;e;j gFjpa[k;
fy;ypilg; gpwe;j MWk; kiukyu;f; Fsj;jpy; MLk;

fiubghU FsDk; njha[k; kapu;j;jiyr; rpWtu; ePz;l
Ky;iymk; g[wtpy; njhd;W bghUfupf; FUj;J mse;J
KUFfhd; ahW gha[k; bghk;bkdf; fspg;gu; Xu;ghy;
bey;ypidf; fUk;g[ fhf;Fk; FiufHy; rpWtu; nghupy;
ePupidf; fhy;tha; njf;Fk; FY=;fpna bj=;fpd; fhiag;
ky;yy;mk; brWtpy; fh+;rp g[iujgg; gwpj;Jf; fh+;rpg;
t+;rpa[k; kUjk; g{f;Fk; g[idepHy;mUe;J thnu
tpsf;fk;:
kiyapilj; njhd;Wk; MWk; fiuia nkhjpj; jJk;gp epw;Fk; Fsj;J ePUk;/ Ky;iy
epyj;Jf; fhl;lhWk; kUj epyj;jpny gha;e;njhLk;. m=;F bew;gapupidf; fhj;J epw;gJ nghy;
fUk;g[ tsu;e;J epw;Fk; tay;fs; fhzg;gl;ld. bgUfp tUk; ePupidf; fhy;tha; tHp taypy;
njf;fp tsk; bgUf;Fk;. ,j;jF tsk; kpFe;j kUj epy taypy; fh+;rp/ t+;rp kyu;fs; g{j;J
epw;Fk; mHFilaJ kUjk;.
jhkiu kyu;fs; g{j;jpUe;j Fsj;jpy; rpWtu;fs; ePuhodu;. mf;Fsj;jpny ahidfSk;
ePe;jpd. ePuhoajhy; fiye;j jiy kapupid cila rpWtu;fs; ahidapd; je;j=;fis mse;J
ghu;j;J mjd; totHF fz;L kfpH;e;jdu;. rpW fHy; mzpe;j rpWtu;fs; itf;nfhw;nghu;fs;
FY=;Fk;go mtw;wpd; kPJ Vwp epd;W/ bjd;id kuj;jpny ,sePu;f; fha;fisg; gwpj;jdu;.
gpd;du; fh+;rp ku epHypy; mku;e;J ,sePiu mUe;jpdu;.
brhy;Yk; bghUSk;:
fy; – kiy fup – ahid

fy;ypil – kiyapil fupf;FUj;J – ahidapd; je;jk;
KUF – njd;/ kzk;/ mHF nghu; – itf;nfhw;nghu;
fhd;ahW – fhl;lhW g[iujg – Fw;wkpd;wp
ky;yy; – tsk; bghUe;jpa brW – tay;
Fiu fHy; rpWtu; – xypf;fpd;w fHy; mzpe;j ghjKila rpWtu;fs;
bj=;fpd;fha; – bjd;id kuj;jpd; ,s=;fha; (,sePu;)
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bea;jy;
flYk; fly; rhu;e;jJ
grpgl xUtd; thlg; tUkiy mstpf; fhdy;
ghj;J,dp ,Uf;Fk; fPH;ik kzypil cytpf; fhw;wpy;
Krpgl xGFk; J}a RupFHy; cyu;j;Jk; Jk;gp
Kiwapid mwpthu; nghy bjhlu;kiu Kfj;ju; njhw;wk;
trpgl KJePu; g[f;F ,UbgU tpRk;gpw; bry;Yk;
kiybadj; Jtiu ed;dPu; ,sikjPu; kjpak; jd;idf;
frpgl xspKj; njhL fUKfpy; bjhlu;e;J bry;Y=;
fiuapdpy; Ftpg;ghu; mk;kh fhl;rp nghy;njhd;W khnjh
tpsf;fk;:
J}a xGf;f Kiwiag; gpd;gw;Wgtu;fs; grpj;Jauhy; Jd;g[Wnthiuf; fz;L
tUe;Jthu;fs; (mjw;fhf tUj;jg;gl;L ciHf;fhknyh nrhk;gpnah ,Ug;gjpy;iy)
mJnghy jhd; thGk; ,lk; KGtJk; @H;FkhW bgUk; flyiy g[Fe;J tpl;lhYk;/
kiyast[ gts=;fisa[k; ey; ,ay;g[ njhd;Wk; xspKj;Jfisa[k; bea;jy; epyj;jtu;
flw;fiuapy; te;J Ftpg;gu;.
bea;jy; epyj;jpny gwf;Fk; xUtif tz;lhdJ. fiuia beU=;fp tUfpd;w kiy
nghd;w miyapidj; jltp/ RLfpd;w flw;fiu kzypil cytp jd; ePz;l rpwfpid
cyu;j;Jk;.
gpd;du;j; jhkiu kyiu xj;j bgz;fspd; Kfj;ij nehf;fpj; bjhlu;e;J gwe;J bry;Yk;.
,f;fhl;rpahdJ thdpny KGepytpidj; bjhlu;e;J bry;Yk; fUnkfj;jpd; fhl;rp nghy;
cs;sJ. [KGepyt[ bgz;zpd; Kfj;Jf;Fk;/ fUnkfk; ? tz;Lf;Fk; ctikahapw;W]
brhy;Yk; bghUSk;:
J}aKiw – J}a;ikahd xGf;f bewp fhdy; kzypil – RLfpdw
; flw;fiu kzy;
trpgl – thGk; ,lk; RupFHy; – ePz;l rpwF
KJePu; – fly; kiu – jhkiu kyu;
Jtiu – gtsk; tpRk;g[ – thdk;
mstp – jltp fUKfpy; – fUnkfk;
kjpak; – epyt[
,yf;fzf; Fwpg;g[ :
,oFuy; – ctikj; bjhif kd;dpa – bgabur;rk;
,d;Dapu; – gz;g[j; bjhif btuP, – brhy;ypir msbgil
gpo grp – ntw;Wikj; bjhif fofkH; – cupr;brhy; bjhlu;
ig=;fpsp – gz;g[j; bjhif kiuKfk; – ctikj; bjhif
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bgU=;fly; – gz;g[j; bjhif fUKfpy; – gz;g[j; bjhif

KJbtapy; – gz;g[j;bjhif mjpu;Fuy; – tpidj;bjhif
tUkiy – tpidj; bjhif ,d;dps=;FUis – gz;g[j;bjhif
g{ita[k; Fapy;fSk; – vz;Qk;ik
Kjpiua[k; rhika[k; tuFk; – vz;Qk;ik
vUj;Jf;nfhL – Mwhk; ntw;Wikj; bjhif
fiubghU – ,uz;lhk; ntw;Wikj; bjhif
kyu;f;fz;zp – @d;whk; ntw;Wik cUg[k; gaDk; cld; bjhf;f bjhif
gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk;:
gUfpa ? gUF + ,d; + a; + m g{f;Fk; ? g{ + f; + f;; + ck;

gUF ? gFjp g{ ? gFjp
,d; ? ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy f; ? re;jp
(`d;~ bfl;lJ tpfhuk; ) f; ? vjph;fhy ,ilepiy
a; ? cld;gLbka; re;jp ck; ? tpidKw;W tpFjp
m ? bgabur;r tpFjp
gwpj;J ? gwp + j; + j;; + c Ftpg;ghu; ? Ftp + g;; + g; + Mu;;
gwp ? gFjp Ftp ? gFjp
j; ? re;jp g; ? re;jp
j; ? ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy g; ? vjph;fhy ,ilepiy
c ? tpidKw;W tpFjp Mh; ? gyh;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp
kUz;L ? kUs; (z;) + l;; + c g[f;F ? g[F + c

kUs; ? gFjp `s;~ `z;~ MdJ tpfhuk; g[F ? gFjp (f; xw;W ,ul;oj;J ,we;j
l; ? ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy fhyk; fhl;oaJ)
c ? tpidKw;W tpFjp c ? tpidKw;W tpFjp
m+;rp ? m+;R + ,
m+;R ? gFjp
, ? tpidbar;r tpFjp
ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjhpf
1. `bghJtu;fs; bghyp cwg; nghu; moj;jpLk;~ epyg;gFjp ..................
m) Fwp+;rp M) bea;jy; ,) Ky;iy <) bfLjy;
tpil : ,) Ky;iy
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FWtpdh
1. ,oFuy;/ bgU=;fly; – ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;g[j; jUf.
,oFuy; ? ctikj; bjhif
bgU=;fly; ? gz;g[j; bjhif
2. ghiy epyj;jpy; gUe;Jfs; gwe;jjd; fhuzk; vd;d>

kuhkyu;fis khiyahf mzpe;j rpWtu;fs;/ vUjpd; bfhk;g[fisg; nghy; ,Ue;j
ghiyf;fhia epyj;jpy; tpGe;J btof;FkhW nfhypdhy; moj;jdu;. mt;nthiriaf; nfl;l
gUe;Jfs; mr;rj;Jld; gwe;J Xod.
``btof;ftpl;L Mol tpUk;gpf; nfhypdhy;
mof;Fk; Xirapd; gUe;J m+;rp XLnk~~
rpWtpdh
1. ,uhtz fhtpaj;jpy; ,lk; bgw;Ws;s ,uz;L ctikfis vLj;Jf; fhl;Lf.
Fd;W nghy:
Ky;iy epyj;jtu;fs;/ Kjpiu. rhik/ nfH;tuF kzp nghd;w Fjpiu thyp Mfpatw;iw
fjpu; moj;J fsj;jpy; Ftpj;J itj;jpUf;Fk; fhl;rpahdJ Fd;W nghy ,Ue;jJ vd;W jhdpaf;
FtpaYf;F Fd;wpid ctikg;gLj;jpa[s;shu;.
kjpak; bjhlUk; nkfk; nghy:
flw;fiu kzypil cytp jd; ePz;l rpwfpid cyu;j;jpa tz;lhdJ/ jhkiu
kyiu xj;j bgz;fspd; Kfj;jpid nehf;fp bjhlu;e;J bry;Yk;. mf;fhl;rpahdJ
thdpy; KGepyitj; bjhlu;e;J bry;Yk; xU nkfj;jpd; fhl;rp nghy; cs;sJ vd;W
ctikg;gLj;jpa[s;shu; g[ytu; FHe;ij.
2. Fwp+;rp kzg;gjw;fhd epfH;t[fisf; Fwpg;gpLf.

jPapy; ,l;l re;jd kuf; Fr;rpfspd; kzKk;/ mfpy; nghd;w thridg; bghUl;fspd;
eWkzKk;/ ciyapy; ,l;l kiy bey; muprp nrhw;wpd; kzKk;/ Fwp+;rp epyk; KGtJk;
gutpf; fple;j fhe;js; kyupd; kzKk;/ v=;Fk; gutpj; njha;e;J fple;jjdhy; Fwp+;rp epyg;gFjp
KGtJk; kze;jJ.
beLtpdh
1. ,uhtz fhtpaj;jpy; c=;fis <u;j;j ,aw;if vHpy; fhl;rpfis tptupf;f.
Kd;Diu:
g{j;Jf;FY=;Fk; g{+;nrhiy/ mlu;e;J tsu;e;j gRikahd ku=;fs; ePu; epiwe;j ejp/
Fsf;fiufs;/ kapy;fs;/ Fapy;fs;/ fpspfs; vdg; gwe;J jpupa[k; gwitfs; ,j;jF mHF
NHiy ,uhtz fhtpaj;jpy; Itif epy=;fs; gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLk; ghly;fspy; g[ytu; FHe;ij
Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;.
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bghd; kapy; MLk;:

mUtpfs; giwiag; nghy; Muthukha; xypj;J tpGk;. ig=;fpspfs; jhk; mwpe;j
,irapidg; ghLk;. bghd; nghd;w mHfpa kapy; jd; mUikahd mfd;w rpwfpid tpupj;J
MLk;. g{f;fs; epiwe;j kuf;fpisapy; mku;e;jpUf;Fk; Fu=;fpdnkh ,tw;iwbay;yhk;
kpul;rpa[ld; ghu;j;Jf; bfhz;oUf;Fk;.
``.............. bghd; kapy;
mUfpa rpiwtpupj; jhlg; g{+;rpid
kUtpa Fuf;fpdk; kUz;L nehf;Fkhy;~~.
FapYk;/ tz;Lk; ,irf;Fk;:

mHfpa ehfztha;g; gwitfSk;/ Fapy;fSk; mHFkpf;f rpwfpida[ila tz;L
,d=;fSk;/ ghtpirj;Jg; ghod. g[fH;bgw;w Ky;iy epy Mau;fs; bfhd;iw/ Mk;gy;/ @=;fpy;
Mfpatw;why; Md Kf;FHiy ,irj;J/ nka[k; gRf;Tl;l=;fis mUfUnf xd;wpizf;Fk;
fhl;rpa[k; ,d;gk; jUtd.
``nj,ir bgWk;flW ,ilau; Kf;FHy;
Mtpdk; xU=;Fw mUFm izf;Fkhy;~~
g{j;Jf;FY=;Fk; fh+;rp/ t+;rp:
kiyapilj; njhd;Wk; MWk;/ fiuia nkhjpj; jJk;gp[ epw;Fk; FsKk; kdijf;
bfhs;is bfhs;Sk;. Ky;iy epyj;jpd; fhl;lhw;W bts;sk; kUj epyj;jpy; gha;e;njhLk;.
bew; gapupidf; fhf;Fk; bghUl;L fUk;g[ tsu;e;J epw;Fk;. bgUfp tUk; fhy;tha; tHp Xo
taypy; nj=;fp tsk; nru;f;Fk;. ,j;jF tsk; epiwe;j epyj;jpny fh+;rp kyu;fSk; t+;rp
kyu;fSk; g{j;Jf; FY=;fp kdijg; gutrg;gLj;Jk;.
``ky;yy;mk; brWtpy; fh+;rp
t+;rpa[k; kUjk; g{f;Fk;~~
,isg;ghw;Wk; jha; :
btg;gj;ijj; jh=;f ,ayhj jd; Fl;oapd; fisg;ig ,isg;ghw;w vz;zpa jha;/
v=;Fk; epHy; ,d;wp jd; epHiyna mjw;Fj; je;J Fl;oia ,isg;ghw;Wk; jhapd; md;iga[k;
,aw;if @yk; mwpayhk;.
``jd;dpHy; j=;fnt jha;ik kPJu ~~
Kot[iu:
nkw;Twpa jd;ikapy;/ ,uhtz fhtpak; vd;Dk; ,yf;fpakhdJ/ vHpnyhtpa=;fis/
jd; brhy; Xtpa=;fshy; jPl;o itj;jpUf;fpwJ. ,tw;iwf; fw;f fw;f ,d;gnkad;wp
ntwpy;iiy ad;nwh-
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TLjy; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjhpf
1. ,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;od; jdpj;jkpH; bgU=;fhg;gpak;.
m) fk;guhkhazk; M) ,uhtzfhtpak;
,) jz;zPh;j;njrk; <) bghd;dpapd; bry;td;
tpil : M) ,uhtzfhtpak;
2. ,uhtz fhtpaj;jpd; ghly;fs;
m) 2100; M) 2500 ,) 3100 <) 3500
tpil : <) 3100
3. ,Ugj;ije;J ehspy; jpUf;FwSf;F ciu vGjpath;.
m) g[yth; FHe;ij M) K. tujuhrdhh;
,) rhykd; ghg;igah <) ghpnkyHfh; tpil : m) g[yth; FHe;ij
4. ahg;gjpfhuk;/ bjhilajpfhuk; vGjpath;
m) bgUe;njtdhh; M) thzpjhrd;
,) tue;jUthh; <) g[yth; FHe;ij tpil : <) g[yth; FHe;ij
5. ``kd;dpa~~ ? vd;gjd; ,yf;fzf;Fwpg;g[.
m) bgabur;rk; M) tpidbar;rk;
,) bjhHpw;bgah; <) tpa=;nfhs; tpidKw;W
tpil : bgabur;rk;
6. bghUj;Jf.
m. flW i) bfhk;g[
M. nfhL ii) fhL
,. Jtiu iii) tay;
<. brW iv) gtsk; tpil : m. ii) M. i) ,. iv) <. iii)
7. ``g{it~~ ? vd;gJ vg;gwitiaf; Fwpf;Fk;.
m) fhfk; M) MWkzpf;FUtp
,) ehfztha;g;gwit <) ehiu tpil : ,) ehfztha;g;gwit.
8. vUjpd; bfhk;gpidg;nghy; ,Ue;j fha; vJ>
m) ghiyf;fha; M) ghfw;fha; ,) Vyf;fha; <) thiHf;fha;
tpil : m) ghiyf;fha;
9. fh+;rpa[k;/ t+;rpa[k; g{f;Fk; epyk;
m) Fwp+;rp M) Ky;iy ,) kUjk; <) bea;jy;
www.tnpscjob.com tpil : ,) kUjk;
10. bfhd;iw/ Mk;gy;/ @=;fpy; Mfpatw;why; MdJ .................

m) Kf;Til M) Kf;FHy; ,) Kj;jsph; <) Kf;bfhk;g[
tpil : M) Kf;FHy;
11. ,uhkhazj;jpy; vjph;epiy khe;juhfg; gilf;fg;gl;ltd; ..................
m) ,uhkd; M) mDkd; ,) ,uhtzd; <) Ffd;
tpil : ,) ,uhtzd;
12. ``kiu Kfk;~~ ? vd;gjd; ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;g[
m) ck;ikj;bjhif M) ctikj;bjhif
,) cUtfk; <) cupr;brhw;bwhlh;
tpil : m) ctikj;bjhif
13. g[iujgg; gwpj;Jf; fh+;rpg;
g[id epHy; mUe;Jthnu ? ,jpy; mike;Js;s eak;
m) monkhid M) rPh;nkhid ,) movJif <) rPu;vJif
tpil : m) monkhid
14. ``tUkiy mstp~~ ? tUkiy vd g[yth; vjidf; Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;.
m) flw;fhfk; M) flw;fhshd; ,) flyhik <) fly;miy
tpil : <) fly;miy
15. fhpf;FUj;J vd;gjd; bghUs; ahJ>
m) nrtw;bfhz;il M) ahidj;je;jk;
,) khd;bfhk;g[ <) kapw;njhif tpil : M) ahidj;je;jk;
16. `nghh~; mof;Fk; Fuiyf; nfl;L m+;rp XLtJ vJ>
m) ciHkhd; M) fthpkhd; ,) fiykhd; <) bre;eha;
tpil : m) ciHkhd;
17. FUisf;Fj; jd; epHy; je;j tpy=;F vJ>
m) ciHkhd; M) bre;eha; ,) ke;jp <) thduk;
tpil : M) bre;eha;
FWtpdh
1. ,uhtz fhtpak; Fwpj;J mz;zhtpd; fUj;J ahJ>
z ,uhtz fhtpak; fhyj;jpd; tpist[
z Muha;;r;rpapd; mwpFwp
z g[ul;rpg; bghwp
cz;ikia czuitf;Fk; cd;dj E}y; vd;gJ nguwp+h; mz;zhtpd; fUj;jhFk;.
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2. g[yth; FHe;ij ? Fwpg;g[ tiuf.

z ,uhtzf; fhtpaj;ij ,aw;wpath; g[yth; FHe;ij Mthh;.
z je;ij bghpahhpd; ntz;LnfhSf;fpz=;f 25 ehs;fspy; ,th; jpUf;FwSf;F ciu
vGjpa[s;shh;.
3. g[yth; FHe;ijapd; gilg;g[fspy; VnjDk; ,uz;oidf; TWf.
z ahg;gjpfhuk;
z bjhilajpfhuk;
4. Fuf;fpdk; kUz;L nehf;Fkhy; ? Vd;>
z giwapd; xiriag; nghy; Muthukha; tpGk; mUtpnahir.
z ghLfpd;w ig=;fpspfs;
z bghd; nghd;w mHfpa rpwfpid tphpj;J MLk; kapy; ,tw;iwf; fz;L kuj;jpy;
mkh;e;jpUf;Fk; Fu=;F kpul;rpa[ld; nehf;fpaJ vd;W g[yth; FHe;ij Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;.
5. Fd;W nghy; Ftpj;J itf;fg;gl;oUe;j jhdpa=;fs; ahit> ve;epyj;jpy; itf;fg;gl;oUe;jJ>
z Kjpiu/ rhik/ nfH;tuF/ kzp nghd;w Fjpiuthyp bey; Mfpait Fd;W nghy; Ftpj;J
itf;fg;gl;oUe;jJ.
z Ky;iy epyj;jpy;.
6. nfhh;it / nfhit gw;wpa brhw;bghUs; tpsf;fk; jUf.
z nfh vd;gJ nth;r;brhy;.
z nfhg;g[/ nfhit/ nfhj;jy;/ nfhj;jhd;/ nfhj;jhs; vd;gnj rhp.
z v.fh : Mrhuf;nfhit/ Crpapy; E}iyf; nfhj;jhd;.
7. iktdk;/ KUfpak; ? vd;w brhw;fs; czh;j;Jk; bghUs; ahit>
kiybey;/ Fwp+;rpg;giw.
rpWtpdh
1. ,uhtz fhtpaj;jpd; fhz;l=;fs; vj;jid> mit ahit>
,uhtz fhtpaj;jpy; Ie;J fhz;l=;fs; cs;sd. mitahtd.
1. jkpHff; fhz;lk;/ 2. ,y=;iff; fhz;lk;
3. tp[e;jf; fhz;lk; 4. gHpg[hpfhz;lk;
5. nghh;f;fhz;lk; vd;gitahFk;.
2. kUjepy rpWth;fspd; kdkfpH; bray;ghLfis vLj;jpak;g[f.
jhkiu kyu;fs; g{j;jpUe;j Fsj;jpy; rpWtu;fs; ePuhodu;. mf;Fsj;jpy; ePe;Jk; ahidapd;
je;j=;fis mse;J ghh;j;J/ mjd; totHF fz;L kfpHe;jdh;. rpWfHy; mzpe;j rpwhh;fs;
itf;nfhw;nghu; FY=;fpLk;go Vwp/ bjd;id ,sePu;f; fha;fisg; gwpj;jdh;. gpd;dh;f; fh+;rp
ku epHypy; mku;e;J mUe;jpdu;.
3. bea;jy; epy tz;Lfs; gw;wp vGJf.
Jk;gpahdJ fiuia beU=;fp tUfpd;w kiy nghd;w miyapidj; jltp/ flw;fiu
kzypil cytp/ fhw;wpny jd; ePwww.tnpscjob.com
z;l rpwfpid cyu;j;Jk;. gpd;du;j; jhkiu kyiubahj;j
bgz;fspd; Kfj;jpid nehf;fpj; bjhlh;e;J bry;Yk;. mJ thdpy; KG epyitj; bjhlu;e;J

bry;Yk; fUnkfj;jpd; fhl;rp nghy; cs;sJ.
1. Itif epy=;fspy; c=;fs; khtl;lk;/Cu; mike;j epytif gw;wpa[k; mjd; ftpd;kpF

fhl;rpiaa[k; glf; fl;Liuahf;Ff.
vd;Dila khtl;lk; fd;dpahFkup. Itif epy=;fspy; flYk; fly; rhu;e;j epykhf
,Ug;gJ vd; khtl;lj;jpd; bgUik.
fd;dpahFkhpapd; ftpd;kpF fhl;rpfs;

jkpHfj;jpw;Fj; bjd; vy;iyahfj; jpfGk; vk; khtl;lk; ,aw;if mHFf;Fg; bgau;
bgw;wJ. Rw;Wyhg; gazpfspd; brhu;f;fk;.
mugpf;fly;/ t=;fhstpupFlh. ,e;jpag; bgU=;fly;

Mfpa Kf;flYk; r=;fkpf;Fk; ,lk; ,J.
,=;F fhzf; fpilf;Fk; Nupa cjaKk;/ m!;jkdKk;

tz;zj; jpUtpHhthft[k;/ thdj;jpy; gy tu;z$hyk;
thupapiwf;Fk; epfH;t[fshft[k; mikfpd;wd. gy
tz;z kzy; epuk;gpa Fkup flw;fiu fhzf; fhz
,d;gnk.
jkpHpdk; brHpf;f ,uz;lo je;j ts;Stiug;

bgUikg;gLj;Jk; khtl;lk;.
`vGkpd; tpGkpd;~~ vd;W ,isa kd=;fspy;

vGr;rpj;jPgk; Vw;wpa tpntfhde;jiug;
bgUikg;gLj;jpa[s;sJk; vk; khtl;lnk.
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fhkuhru; epidthyak;/ fhe;jp kz;lgKk;

,=;F cz;L.
flypy; ePuhLk; Jiw mUnf Xu; mHfpa rpj;jpuk; nghy;

mikag; bgw;wpUf;Fk; Fkupak;kd; nfhapy;. gHik
tha;e;j njthya=;fSk; ,=;F ,iwahrp tH=;fpf;
bfhz;L ,Uf;fpd;wd.
,=;F g[ypia Kwj;jhy; bfhd;w tPug; bgz;Qf;Fk;/

Ky;iyf;Fj; nju; je;j ghup kd;dDf;Fk;
itf;fg;gl;Ls;s rpiyfs; fz;izf; ftUk; tz;zk;
brJf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
jpw;gug;gpy; ,Ue;J/ jpUtl;lhu; te;j gpd; khj;J}u;

vd;w rpw;W}Uf;Fr; bry;Yk; rhiyapy; bjhl;og; ghyk;
cs;sJ. Mw;Wf;F nky; mike;Js;s ,g;ghyj;jpy;
tptrhaj;Jf;Fj; jz;zPu; bfhz;L bry;Yk; fhy;tha;
mike;Js;sJ jdpr;rpwg;g[.
bry;Yk; tHpba=;Fk; grp jPu;f;f gHtiffs; gyt[k; fpilf;Fk;. fd;dpahFkupia

,g;gor; brhy;yp/ brhy;yp tu;zid bra;J bfhz;nl nghfyhk;.
vk; khtl;lj;jpw;F eP=;fSk; xUKiw thU=;fs;. ,aw;if ,d;gj;ij mDgtpa[=;fs;.
2. ,g;ghlg; gFjpapy; c=;fis <u;j;j ftpijf; fhl;rpapid Xtpakhfj; jPl;Lf.

fy;ypilg; gpwe;j MWk;
fiubghU FsDk; njha[k;
Ky;iymk; g[wtpy; njhd;W
KUFfhd; ahW gha[k;
bey;ypidf; fUk;g[ fhf;Fk;
ePhpidf; fhy;tha; njf;Fk;
ky;yy;mk; brWtpy; fh+;rp
t+;rpa[k; kUjk; g{f;Fk;
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3. itf;nfhw; nghu;/ bew;fjpu;/ nghuof;Fk; fsk; nghd;w cHt[j; bjhHpnyhL bjhlu;g[ilatw;wpd;

tpsf;f=;fisj; bjhFj;J tFg;gpy; fye;JiuahLf.
khztu;fns- ,uhtz fhtpaj;jpy; Itif epy ts=;fisg; gw;wpf; fw;Fk; nghJ/
itf;nfhw; nghu;/ bew;fjpu; nghuof;Fk; fsk; nghd;w thu;j;ijfisf; fw;wPu;fs; my;yth-
mjd; tpsf;f=;fs; bjupe;J bfhs;s xU fye;Jiuahly;
fye;JiuahLgtu;fs;: Mrpupau;/ g[fnHe;jp/ Rjh.
Iah : bew;Fjpu; gw;wpr; brhy;Y=;fs; Iah-
Mrphpah; : TWfpnwd; g[fnHe;jp.
bey; Kjypa jhdpa=;fisr; nrfupf;Fk; TL. bgupa mstpy; ,Uf;Fk;
Fjpupy; jhdpaj;ijr; nrkpg;gu;. rpwpa mstpy; cs;sit tpij
jhdpa=;fisr; nrfupj;J itf;ft[k; cjt[k;.
g[fnHe;jp : Iah- Fjpu; gw;wp vd; jhj;jh Vnjh gHbkhHp brhy;thnu ............
Mrpupau; : Mkhlh .........``v=;fg;gd; FjpUf;Fs; ,y;iy~~. `Ìah-~~ fjpu; nghy mk;kh Fjpu;
nghy ~~ nghd;w gHbkhHpfs; cs;sd.
Rjh :Iah nghu; moj;jy; vd;why; vd;d Iah-
Mrpupau; : mWtil bra;j bey;iya[k;/ itf;nfhiya[k; gpupf;Fk; bray;. mfd;w
fsj;jpw;F bfhz;L te;J mog;gh;. Kjypy; mog;gij jiyao vd;gu;.
gpd; itf;nfhiyg; gug;gp/ khl;ilr; Rw;wp tur; bra;Jk; bey;iya[k;/
itf;nfhiya[k; jdpj;jdpna gpupj;bjLj;jny nghuoj;jy; MFk;.
Rjh : Iah itf;nfhw;nghu; gw;wpr; brhy;Y=;fnsd;.
Mrpupau; : bey;iyg; gpupj;J vLj;j gpd; mjd; jhis cyu;j;jp nrfupg;gJ itf;nfhy;.
mJ fhy;eilfSf;Ff; Fwpg;ghf khLfSf;F czthFk;. itf;nfhiy
<uk;glhky; cyuitj;J. mjid mHfhf mLf;fp Ftpj;J/ fhw;wpy; gwf;fhky;
,Uf;f/ itf;nfhyhny gpd;dg;gl;l itf;nfhy; gpwpiaf; bfhz;L Rw;wp
itj;Jg; ghJfhg;gnj itf;nfhw; nghu; MFk;.
g[fnHe;jp
Rjh : ed;wp Iah v=;fs; jiyKiwf;Fj; bjupahj bra;jpfs; ,it. tpsf;fkhf g[upa
itj;J tpl;Ou;fs; Iah-
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ftpijg; ngiH
Þò™
ÝÁ ehr;rpahh; jpUbkhHp
gf;jp ,yf;fpak; czu;r;rp epiwe;j ghly;fis cs;slf;fpaJ. ,iwnahL xd;w

bra;tJk;/ ruzilar; bra;tJk; gf;jp ,yf;fpaj;jpd; gzpfs;.
,iwtid ehafdhf vz;zp Mz;lhs; ghoa ghly; mHfpaYf;Fk;/ gf;jpf;Fk;
rhd;whfpwJ.
E}y; Fwpg;g[:
z MH;thu;fs; gd;dpUtuhy; ghlg;gl;l E}y; `èhyhapu jpt;a gpuge;jk;~~ ,j;bjhFg;gpy;
,lk; bgw;Ws;s/ jpUg;ghit/ ehr;rpahu; jpUbkhHp vd;Dk; ,U bjhFjpfs; Mz;lhs;
mUspaitahFk;. ehr;rpahu; jpUbkhHp bkhj;jk; 140 ghly;fisf; bfhz;l E}y;
z ek; ghlg;gFjpapd; ,Ughly;fSk; Mwhk; jpUbkhHpapy; ,lk; bgw;Ws;sd.Mz;lhs;/
,iwtd; kPJ bfhz;l fhjy; kdj;ijf; TWk; E}y; ,J vd;gu;.
Mz;lhs; gw;wpa Fwpg;g[fs;:
z gd;dpU MH;thu;fspy; Mz;lhs; kl;Lnk bgz; Mthu;.
z ,iwtDf;Fg; ghkhiy Nl;oanjhL/ jhd; mzpe;J kfpH;e;j g{ khiyiaa[k;
Nl;oajhy; ``Nof; bfhLj;j Rlu;f;bfho~~ vdg; g[fHg;gl;lhu;. ,iwtnd mtu; Noa
khiyiar; Nl tpUk;g[thuhk;.
z ,t;thW Mz;ltidna Mz;ljhy; Mz;lhs; vdg;gl;lhs;. ,tu; bgupahH;thupd;
tsu;g;g[ kfs; Mthu;.
ghlypd; bghUs;
eldk; MLk; ,sk;bgz;fs;/ iffspy; fjputd; nghd;w xspia cila tpsf;ifa[k;
fyrj;ija[k; Ve;jpathW te;J vjpu;bfhz;L miHf;fpwhu;fs;.
tlkJiuia (kJuhg[up) MSk;/ kd;dd; fz;zd; ghJiffis mzpe;J bfhz;L/
g[tp mjpu kfpH;r;rpa[ld; ele;J tUfpwhd;.
,t;thW fz;zd; tUk; fhl;rpiaj; jd; fdtpy; fz;ljhf Mz;lhs; TWfpwhu;.
kj;jsk; Kjyhd ,irf; fUtpfs; KH=;Ffpd;wd. tupfisa[ila r=;Ffis epd;W
CJfpd;wdu;.
mj;ij kfDk;/ kJ vd;w muf;fid mHpj;jtDkhd fz;zd;/ Kj;Jfisa[ila
khiyfs; bjh=;ftplg;gl;l ge;jypd; fPH; vd;idj; jpUkzk; bra;J bfhs;fpwhd;.
,f;fhl;rpiaj; jd; fdtpy; fz;ljhf Mz;lhs; TWfpwhu;.
brhy;Yk; bghUSk; :
fjpbuhsp – Nupadpd; xsp jPgk; – tpsf;F
rjpups k=;if – eldkhLk; k=;ifau; r=;fk; – r=;F
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rjpu; – eldk; jhkk; – khiy

kJiuahu; kd;dd; – kJuhg[upia MSk; fz;zd;
bfhl;l ? tpidbar;rk;
Kj;Jilj; jhkk; ? ,uz;lhk; ntw;Wikj; bjhif
ifj;jyk; ? ,Ubgabuhl;Lg; gz;g[j;bjhif
tupr=;fk; ? ,uz;lhk; ntw;Wikj; bjhif
bjhl;L; ? bjhL (bjhl;L) + c Ve;jp ? Ve;J + ,

bjhL ? gFjp `l;~ xw;W ,ul;oj;J Ve;J ? gFjp/
,we;j fhyk; fhl;oaJ/ , ? tpidbar;r tpFjp
c ? tpidbar;r tpFjp
fz;nld; ? fhz; (fz;) + l; + Vd; epd;W ? epy; (d;) + w;; + c
fhz; ? gFjp `fz;~ vdf; FWfpaJ epy; ? gFjp `y;~ `d;~ MdhJ tpfhuk;
tpfhuk; w; ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy
l; ? ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy c ? tpidbar;r tpFjp
Vd; jd;ik xUik tpidKw;W
tpFjp
te;J ? th (t) + j; (e;) + j; + c
th ? gFjp `t;~ vdf; FWfpaJ tpfhuk;
j; ? re;jp è;~ MdJ tpfhuk;
j; ? ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy
c ? tpidbar;r tpFjp
ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjhpf
1. `mjpug; g[Fjf; fdhf; fz;nld;~ ? ahu; fdtpy; ahu; mjpug; g[Fe;jhu;.
m) fz;zdpd; fdtpy; Mz;lhs; g[Fe;jhs;
M) njhHpapd; fdtpy; Mz;lhs; g[Fe;jhs;
,) Mz;lhspd; fdtpy; njhHp g[Fe;jhs;
<) Mz;lhspd; fdtpy; fz;zd; g[Fe;jhd;
tpil : <) Mz;lhspd; fdtpy; fz;zd; g[Fe;jhd;
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FWtpdh
1. fz;zd; g[Fe;j ge;jy; vt;thW ,Ue;jJ>
z fz;zd; g[Fe;j ge;jyhdJ Kj;Jf;fisa[ila khiyfs; bjh=;ftplg;gl;ljhf
,Ue;jJ.
z kj;jsk; KH=;fpajhft[k;/ tupfis cila r=;Ffis CJgtu;fs; epd;W bfhz;oUe;jdu;
vd;W/ fz;zd; g[Fe;j ge;jy; ,Ue;j epiyia Mz;lhs; TWfpwhs;.
``kj;jsk; bfhl;l tup r=;fk; epd;W}j
Kj;Jil jhkk; epiu jhH;e;j ge;jw;~~
rpWtpdh
1. Mz;lhspd; fdt[f; fhl;rpfis vGJf.
z rjpuhLk; ,sk;bgz;fs;/ jk; iffspy; fjputd; nghd;w xspiaa[ila tpsf;ifa[k;
fyrj;ija[k; Ve;jpathW te;J vjpu; bfhz;L miHf;fpwhu;fs;.
z kJuhg[upia MSk; kd;ddhk; fz;zd;/ ghj=;fspy; ghJif mzpe;J bfhz;L g[tp
mjpu kfpH;r;rpa[ld; ele;J tUfpwhd;.
z kj;jsk; KH=;f/ tup r=;fk; Cj/ Kj;Jf;fisa[ila khiyfs; bjh=;ftplg;gl;l
ge;jypd; fPH; vd;idj; jpUkzk; bra;J bfhs;fpwhd; vd;W Mz;lhs; fdt[ fz;ljhff;
TWfpwhs;.
TLjy; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjhpf
1. mLg;gpL rhe;j nkhL mfpypd; ehw;wKk;
JLg;gpL iktdr; nrhw;wpd; ehw;wKk; .................. ,t; mofspy; cs;s ea=;fs;.
m) mobaJif/ mo,iag[ M) rPh;nkhid/ rPh;vJif
,) monkhid/ mo,iag[ <) rPh;nkhid/ rPh;,iag[
tpil : m) mobaJif/ mo,iag[
2. jpUkhiy tHpgl;L rpwg;g[epiy va;jpath;fs; ...................
m) ehad;khh;fs; M) MH;thh;fs; ,) rkzh;fs; <) njth;fs;
tpil : M) MH;thh;fs;
3. Mz;lhs; ahUila tsh;g;g[ kfs;>
m) ek;khH;thh; M) ngahH;thh; ,) bghpahH;thh; <) g{jj;jhH;thh;
tpil : ,) bghpahH;thh;
4. ehr;rpahh; jpUbkhHpapy; cs;s ghly;fs;
m) 110 M) 140 ,) 120 <) 150
www.tnpscjob.com tpil : M) 140
5. MH;thh;fs; ghoa ghly;fspd; bjhFg;g[ .................. MFk;.

m) bghpag[uhzk; M) ehyhapujpt;a gpuge;jk;
,) esbtz;gh <) g{jj;jhH;thh;
tpil : M) ehyhapu jpt;a gpuge;jk;
6. ehyhapuj; jpt;a gpuge;jj;jpy; Mz;lhs; ghoait ahit>
m) jpUg;ghit M) ehr;rpahh; jpUbkhHp
i) m ? rhp ii) M ? rhp iii) ,uz;Lk; rhp iv) ,uz;Lk; jtW
tpil : iii) ,uz;Lk; rhp
7. ``kJiuahh; kd;dd; moepiy~~ ? kJiuahh; kd;dd; ahh;>
m) fz;zd; M) fd;dd; ,) nfhtyd; <) beL+;brHpad;
tpil : m) fz;zd;.
8. ifj;jyk; ,yf;fzf;Fwpg;g[ ahJ>
,) ,Ubgabuhl;Lg; gz;gj
[ b
; jhif <) ctikj;bjhif
tpil : ,) ,Ubgabuhl;Lg; gz;g[j;bjhif
9. bghUj;Jf.
m. jhkh; i) eldk;
M. rjph; ii) epyt[
,. kjpak; iii) re;jdk;
<. rhe;jk; iv) khiy tpil : m. iv) M. i) ,. ii) <. iii)
FWtpdh
1. Mz;lhs; ? Fwpg;g[ tiuf.
z jpUkhiy tHpgl;Lr; rpwg;g[epiy va;jpa MH;thh;fSs; Mz;lhs; kl;Lnk bgz; Mthh;.
z ,iwtDf;Fg; ghkhiy Nl;oanjhL jhd; mzpe;J kfpH;e;j g{khiyiaa[k; Nl;oajhy;/
``Nof; bfhLj;j Rlh;bfho~~ vd miHf;fg; bgw;whh;.
z ,tiug; bghpahH;thhpd; tsh;g;g[ kfs; vd;gh;.
2. Mz;lhs; ghoajhff; Fwpg;gplg;gLk; ,U bjhFjpfs; ahit>
z jpUg;ghit
z ehr;rpahh; jpUbkhHp
beLtpdh
1. fz;zidf; fdtpy; fz;ljhf Mz;lhs; TWtdtw;iw tpsf;Ff.
Kd;Diu:
gf;jp ,yf;fpak; czh;r;rp epiwe;j ghly;fis cs;slf;fpaJ. ,iwnahL xd;WjYk;
mjd;ghy; midtiua[k; ruzilar; bra;tJk; gf;jp ,yf;fpaj;jpd; gzpahf ,Ue;jJ.
jpUkhiy ehafdhf vz;zp Mz;www.tnpscjob.com
lhs; ghLtjhf mike;jJ ehr;rpahh; jpUbkhHp MFk;.
Mz;lhspd; fdt[k;/ fz;zDk;

`MLk; ,sk; bgz;fs;/ iffspy; fjputd; nghd;w xspia cila tpsf;ifa[k;
fyrj;ija[k; Ve;jpathW te;J vjph;bfhz;L miHf;fpwhh;fs;. tlkJiuia MSk; kd;dd;
fz;zd; ghJiffis mzpe;Jbfhz;L g[tp mjpu kfpH;r;rpa[ld; ele;J tUfpwhd;~.
,f;fhl;rpiaf; fdtpy; fz;ljhf Mz;lhs; TWfpwhh;.
`kj;jsk; Kjyhd ,irf;fUtpfs; KH=;Ffpd;wd. thpfisa[ila r=;Ffis
epd;W CJfpd;wdh;. mj;ij kfDk;/ kJ vd;w muf;fid mHpj;jtDkhd fz;zd;/
Kj;Jfisa[ila khiyfs; bjh=;ftplg;gl;l ge;jypd; fPH;/ vd;idj; jpUkzk; bra;J
bfhs;fpwhd;~ vdf; fdtpy; fz;ljhf Mz;lhs; TWfpwhh;.
Kot[iu :
fz;zd; kPJ Mz;lhs; bfhz;l fhjypd; btspg;ghnl fdthf kyh;e;jpUf;fpwJ
vd;gij mwpaKofpwJ.
1. jpUg;ghitapy; ,lk; bgw;Ws;s bjhil eak; kpf;f ghly;fSs; vitnaDk;/ ,uz;oid

,izaj;jpnyh E}yfj;jpnyh jpul;o tFg;giwapy; ghLf.
jpUg;ghitg;ghly; (24)
md;W ,t;t[yfk; mse;jha; mo nghw;wp
brd;w=;F bjd;dpy=;if brw;wha; jpwy; nghw;wp]
bghd;wr; rflk; cijj;jha;g; g[fH; nghw;wp
fd;W Fzpyh vwpe;jha; fHy; nghw;wp
Fd;W Filaha; vLj;jha; Fzk; nghw;wp
btd;W gif bfLf;Fk; epd; ifapy; nty; nghw;wp

vd;bwd;Wk; nrtfnk Vj;jpg; giw bfhs;thd;
,d;W ahk; te;njhk; ,u=;nfnyhu; vk;ghtha;
ghly; ? 15 (jpUg;ghit)
vy;ny ,s=;fpspna ,d;dk; cwf;Fjpnah
rpy;byd;W miHnad; kpd; e=;if kPu;nghjUfpd;nwd;
ty;iy cd; fl;Liufs; gz;nl cd; thawpJk;
ty;yPu;fs; eP=;fns ehndjhd; MapLf
xy;iy eP nghjha; cdf;bfd;d ntWilia
vy;yhUk; nghe;jhnuh nghe;jhu; nghe;bjz;zpf; bfhs;
ty;yhid bfhd;whid khw;whiu khw;wHpf;f
ty;yhid khaidg; ghnlnyhu; vk;ghtha;.
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2. fz;zidg; gy;ntW cwt[ epiyfspy; itj;Jg; ghoa ghujpahu; ghly;fSk; c=;fisf; ftu;e;j
ghly;fisf; Fwpj;Jf; fye;JiuahLf.
khztu;fns/ Mz;lhs; fz;zidj; jd; ehafdhf vz;zpaJ nghy;.
ghujpahUk; fz;zid njhHdhf (fz;zd; vd; njhHd;)
jhahf (fz;zd; vd; jha;) je;ijahf (fz;zd; vd; je;ij)
nrtfdhf (fz;zd; vd; nrtfd;)/ tpisahl;Lg; gps;is
(fz;zd;?vd; tpisahl;Lg; gps;is)/ fhjydhf (fz;zd; vd; fhjyd;)
vd;W gy epiyfspy; itj;Jg; ghoa[s;shu;.
rhd;W :
tpisahl;Lg;gps;is
jPuhj tpisahl;Lg; gps;is ? fz;zd;
bjUtpny bgz;fSf;F Xahj bjhy;iy jPuhj .........
g[y;yh=;FHy; bfhz;L tUthd; ? mKJ
bgh=;fpj; jJk;g[k; ew; fPjk; gog;ghd;
fs;shy; ka=;FtJ nghy ? mijf;
fz;@o tha; jpwe;nj nfl;oUg;nghnk ........
,g;ghlypy; FHypirj;J midtiua[k; kaf;Fk; FHe;ijahf vz;zpg;ghoa[s;shu;
my;yth .......
khztu; :
Iah ....... njhHdhf vd;W brhd;dPu;fs; mjw;F xU rhd;W brhy;Y=;fs; Iah-
`` gpiHf;Fk; tHpbrhy;y ntz;Lbkd;why;~~ xU
ngr;rpdpny brhy;Ythd;
ciHf;Fk;tHptpidMSk; tHp ? gad;
cz;Qk; tHpa[iug; ghd;
miHf;Fk; bghGjpdpy; nghf;Fr; brhy;yhky;
miubehof;Fs; tUthd;
kiHf;Ff; Fil grp neuj;Jzt[ vd;wd;
thH;tpDf; bf=;fs; fz;zd;.
njhHdhf fz;zd; thH tHp brhy;thdhk;. Tg;gpLk; nghJ miu behof;Fs;
tUthdhk;. kiHf;Ff; Filahthd;" grpf;F czththd;" vd;wd; thH;nt vd;
fz;zd; vd;fpwhu;.
khztu;fns ,jd; @yk; ghujp fz;zidj; njhHdha;f; bfhz;lhu; vd;gija[k;/
ez;gd; vt;thW ,Uf;f ntz;Lk; vd;gija[k; TWfpwhu;.
ey;y ez;gd; thH tHpfhl;lntz;Lk;/ Jd;gk; tUk; nghJ ek;ikj; jh=;Ffpwtdhft[k;
,Uf;f ntz;Lk; vd;fpwhu;.
khztu;fs; : ed;wp Iah- ...... www.tnpscjob.com
3. r=;f fhyj;jpypUe;J jw;fhyk; tiua[s;s bgz;g[ytu;fspd; rpy ftpijfisf; bfhz;L xU

ftpijj; bjhFg;g[ cUthf;Ff.
xsitahu; ghly;
Kl;L ntd;bfhy; jhf;Fntd; bfhy;
Xnud; ahDk; Xh; bgw;w nkypl;L
MmXy; vdf; Tt[ntd; bfhy;
mykuy; mirtyp miyg;gvd;
cat[ neha; mwpaJ J+;Rk; Cu;f;nf (FWe;bjhif ? 28)
xf;Tu; khrhj;jpahu;
bfLf rpe;ij foJ ,ts; Jzpnt
@jpd; ? kfspu; Mjy; jFnk
nky;ehs; cw;w brUtpw;F ,ts; jd;id
ahid vwpe;J fsj;J xHpe; jd;nd
beUey; cw;w brUtpw;F ,ts; bfhG ed;
bgU epiu tpyf;fp Mz;Lg;gl; ldnd
,d;Wk; brUg;giw nfl;L tpUg;g[w;W ka=;fp
nty;iff; bfhLj;J btspJ tpupj;J cOfpg;
ghWkapu;f; FLkp vz;bza; ePtp
xUkfd; my;yJ ,y;nyhs;
brUKf nehf;fpr; bry;f vd tpLnk (g[wehD}W)
ry;khtpd; ftpij ckh knf!;tup

jd; tHp jtwp btspthry; tHpna
miwf;Fs; rpf;fpa rypj;j kjpak;
gl;lhk; g{r;rp Jtf;fpw;W rhf;fil ePuUe;Jk; FUtp
jd; njliy .......... cjpu;fpw bkd;ika[k;
vd;nwDk; .......... cilglhf; fodKkha;
fjt[ jpwe;J tHp tprpj;jpukha; cile;j
fpilf;Fbkdpy; mJ
bksdk; ........
gwe;J jhd; nghFk;
tu;z=;fs; ,y;iybad;whYk; .........

www.tnpscjob.com
tphpthdk;
Þò™
ÝÁ bra;jp jp. $hdfpuhkd;
ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs;
beLtpdh
1. ,irf;F ehL/ bkhHp/ ,dk; njitapy;iy vd;gijr; ``bra;jp~~ fijapd; @ykhf tpsf;Ff.
Kd;Diu:
,ir bkhHpiaf; fle;jJ. mikjpapd; ehf;fhfg; ngRtJ/ kd=;fisf; fiuj;J
me;jubtspapy; cytr; bra;tJ. ,irapd; brt;tpiaj; jiyg;gLk; kdkhdJ/ ,dk;/ ehL
vd;w vy;iyf; nfhLfisj; jhz;o mfpyj;ija[k; MSk; ,ay;g[ilaJ.
,irf;F ehL/ bkhHp/ ,dk; njitapy;iy vd;gijr; bra;jp vd;Dk; fij
czu;j;JfpwJ.
tpj;thdpd; tUifa[k;/ mwpKfKk;:
ehjRu tpj;thd; khl;L tz;oapypUe;J ,Ue;J jd; kfd; j=;fntYt[k;/ xj;Jf;fhuUk;
thj;jpa=;fisj; J}f;fpf; bfhz;L gpd;dhf tu/ tf;fPy; tPl;ow;Fs; EiHe;jhu; ehjRu tpj;thd;.
tf;fPy; tPl;oy; ``gpypg; nghy;!;fh~~ vd;gtu; jiyikapy; nkw;fj;jpa r=;fPjFGtpdu;
mku;e;jpUe;jdu;. tf;fPy; tpj;thdplk; ,tu; jhd; gpypg;nghy;!;fh. ,f;FGtpd; jiytu; vd;W
mwpKfg;gLj;jp/ gpd; xt;bthUtiua[k; mwpKfk; bra;J itj;jhu;.
fPu;j;jdk; bjhl=;fpdhu;:
tpj;thd; fk;gPukhf Xu; Myhgdk; bra;J fPu;j;jdk; bjhl=;fpdhu;. ila[k;/ fhy;
rl;ila[khf rg;gzk; fl;o mku;e;jpUe;j Tl;lk; mirahJ ghu;j;Jf; bfhz;oUe;jJ.
nghy;!;fhtpd; Kfj;jpy; g[d;KWty; jtH;e;jJ. mkph;j jhiuahfg; bgUf;bfLj;j
ehjg;bghHptpy; mtd; jd;id ,He;jhd;. ehjk; mtDila Md;khitf; fhzhj
nyhfj;Jf;Fk;/ mDgtj;Jf;Fk; ,l;Lr; brd;wJ.
,e;j mDgtj;jpid miltjw;Fg; nghy;!;fht[f;F ehnlh/ bkhHpnah/ ,dnkh
jilaha; ,y;iy.
rhkhuhfk; :
j!upkh....... kh~~ vd;W Muk;gpj;j uhfk; bfh+;rk; ? bfh+;rkha; kyu;e;J/ mikjpahd
kzk; tPRk; gtHky;yp nghy; cs;sj;jpy; njha;e;jJ tf;fPYf;F .... bkhHp bjupahj
nghy;!;fhitj; jpUk;gpg; ghu;j;jhu; tf;fPy;......
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mtd; cly; uhfj;njhL ,ire;J mire;J bfhz;oUe;jJ. jpObud;W cl;fhu;ej ; pUe;jtd;

vGe;J tpl;lhd;. bky;ypa fhw;wpy; mira[k; rk;g=;fp kuk; khjpup Modhd;. nkilf;fUfpy;
te;J KHe;jhspl;L cl;fhu;e;J ifia nkilnahuj;jpy; itj;J Kfj;ijg; g[ijj;J jtj;jpy;
MH;e;jtd; nghy; Mdhd;.
rhkh uhfj;ij ........ mDgtpf;f mtDf;F bkhHpnah/ ,dnkh ,ila{W bra;atpy;iy.
rhe;jKnyfh.......
rhe;jKnyfh ...... FHe;ijiaf; bfh+;RtJ nghy;/ me;j mo bfh+;rpaJ. nghy;!;fhtpd;
bka; rpypu;j;jJ. mtdJ jiya[k;/ cs;sKk; Md;kht[k; mire;J Crypl;Lf; bfhz;oUe;jd
..........
me;j ,ir vdf;fhf mDg;gpa bra;jp ..... cyfj;Jf;nf xU bra;jp ....... c=;fs;
r=;fPjj;jpd; bra;jp czu;it btspg;gLj;j/ epidj;jijr; brhy;yj; bjupahky; nghy;!;fh
jLkhwpdhd; ......
vd;d vd;whu; tpj;thd; ........
tf;fPy; bkhHp bgau;j;jy;:
jd; czu;it nghy;!;fh Tw Muk;gpj;jhd;. ,iur;ry;/ Tr;ry;/ mojo/ g[ay;/ miy/
,o vd ..... xnu ,iur;ry;...... mj;jF nghu;f;fsj;jpDs; ehd; kl;Lk; mikjpiaf; fhz;gJ
nghy; czu;fpnwd;" fhz;fpnwd;. ,dp ,iur;rYk;/ rj;jKk;/ a[j;jKk; vd;idj; bjhlhJ ....
,e;j mikjp vdf;Fg; nghJk; vd;W mtd; czu;e;J Twpa bra;jpia bkhHp bgau;j;jhu;
tf;fPy;.
tpj;thdpd; jpifg;g[:
mikjpah ...... mg;goah njhzpj;J mtUf;F .... ehd; thu;j;ijiaf; Tlr;
brhy;ytpy;iyna ......
kp!;lu; nghy;!;fh eP=;fs; czu;e;jJ nghy;/ g[ay;/ ,o vd;W brhy;yhtpl;lhYk;/
,g;ghly; mikjp mikjp vd;W mikjpiana filrp ,yl;rpakhf ,iw+;RfpwJ ..........
vd;W jpifj;Jf; Twpdhu;.
nghy;!;nfh ...... ghuhl;ly;:
,iria thrpj;j ,e;jf; ifiaf; bfhL=;fs;. flt[s; eu;j;jdkhLfpw ,e;j tpuy;fisf;
bfhL=;fs;. ehd; flt[is Kfu;e;J Kj;jkpLfpnwd; vd;W tpj;thdpd; tpuiyg; gpoj;J
cjl;oy; itj;Jf; bfhz;lhu; nghy;!;fh ..........
Kot[iu:
ehL/ bkhHp/ ,dk; fle;J thu;j;ijfs; mwpa bkhHp bjupatpy;iybadpDk; ,ir
czu;j;Jk; bka;g;bghUis/ mikjpiag; nghy;!;fh czu;e;J tpl;lhd;. ,ir brhw;fisg;
g[wf;fzpj;Jj; jdf;Fs; ,Uf;Fk; bra;jpia ve;j bkhHp ngRk; kdpj kd=;fSf;Fs;Sk;
brYj;jp tpLk;.
,iria czu/ mDgtpf;f mjd; bka;g;bghUs; mwpa ehL/ bkhHp/ ,dk;
njitapy;iy.
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TLjy; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjhpf
1. bra;jp fijapd; jiyik khe;jh; ahh;>
m) j=;fntY M) kzp ,) gpypg; nghy!;fh <) $hdfpuhkd;
tpil : ,) gpypg; nghy;!;fh
2. rhfpj;a mfhbjkp tpUJ bgw;w $hdfpuhkdpd; E}y; vJ>
m) rf;jp itj;jpak; M) fU=;flYk; fiyf;flYk;
,) ele;jha; thHp fhnthp <) mLj;j tPL Ik;gJ iky;
tpil : m) rf;jp itj;jpak;
3. mg;ghtpd; rpnefpjh; E}ypd; Mrphpah;
m) mfpyd; M) mnrhfkpj;jpud; ,) Mjtd; <) eh+;rpy; ehld;
tpil : M) mnrhfkpj;jpud;
4. jp.$hdfpuhkd; rhfpj;amfhbjkp tpUJ bgw;w Mz;L
m) 1969 M) 1979 ,) 1989 <) 1999
tpil : M) 1979
5. bra;jp vd;Dk; rpWfij ,lk; bgw;w E}y; vJ
m) rptg;g[ hpf;&h M) kpd;rhug;g{
,) xU rpW ,ir <) Kjypy; ,ut[ tUk;
tpil : m) rptg;g[hpf;&h
FWtpdh
1. jp. $hdfpuhkd; ? Fwpg;g[ tiuf.
z j+;ir kz;thrida[ld; fijfisg; gilj;jth;
z cah;epiyg;gs;spapy; Mrphpauhfg; gzpahw;wpath;.
z thbdhypapy; fy;tp xypgug;g[ mikg;ghsuhf ,Ue;jth;.
2. bra;jp vd;Dk; rpWfij czh;j;Jk; bghUs; ahJ>
bra;jp vd;Dk; rpWfij rptg;g[ hpf;&h vd;w bjhFg;gpy; ,lk;bgw;Ws;sJ. kpft[k;
cah;e;j ,ir rpwe;j fiy+dhy; ifahsg;gLk; nghJ brhw;fspd; vy;iyiaj; jhz;o
,irapd; @ykhfnt bghUs; bfhLf;fpwJ vd;gij ,f;fij czh;j;JfpwJ.
3. j+;rht{h; jkpHf;F mspj;j bfhilahf tps=;Fgth;fspd; bgah;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
z c.nt.rhkpehjh;  bksdp
z jp.$hdfpuhkd;  j+;ir gpufh&;
z j+;ir ,uhikah jh!;  j+;rht{h;f; ftpuhah;
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rpWtpdh
1. rhfpj;jpa mfhbjkp tpUJ bgw;w jkpH;r;rpWfijahsh;fs; Ie;Jngiuf; Fwpg;gpLf.
z F. mHfphprhkp  jp. $hdfpuhkd;
z mnrhfkpj;jpud;  eh+;rpy; ehld;
z tz;zjhrd;
2. ,e;jpa ,irapd; mHfhd El;g=;fisj; bjspthff; fhl;LtJ ehfRuk;. Ma;e;jwpf-

z ,e;jpa ,irapd; mHfhd El;g=;fisj; bjspthf thrpj;Jf; fhl;lf;Toa ,irf;
fUtpfspy; ehjRuKk; xd;W. k=;fykhd gy epfH;t[fspy; ,f;fUtp ,irf;fg;gLfpwJ.
z ,e;jr; rpwg;ghd fUtp 600 Mz;LfSf;F Kd;g[jhd; jkpHfj;jpy; thrpf;fg;gl;lJ.
13 Mk; E}w;whz;oy; vGjg;gl;l r=;fPj ,uj;dhfuk; vd;Dk; E}ypy; ,e;jf; fUtp
Twg;gltpy;iy. 13 Mk; E}w;whz;L tiuapYs;s ve;jg; gjpt[fspYk; ,e;jf; fUtp
gw;wpf; Fwpg;gplg;gltpy;iy.
z jkpHfg; giHik tha;e;j nfhtpy; rpw;g=;fspYk; ,e;jf; fUtp fhzg;gltpy;iy. Mfnt
,e;jf; fUtp 13 Mk; E}w;whz;ow;Fg; gpd; Vw;gl;oUf;fyhk; vd;W mwpaKofpwJ.
z ehfRuk; vd;w bganu rupahdJ. ehfRuf; fUtp Mr;rh kuj;jpy; bra;ag;gLfpwJ.
btl;lg;gl;l Mr;rh kuj;Jz;Lfis ePz;l ehs;fs; itj;jpUe;j gpwnf ,f;fUtp
cUthf;fg;gLfpwJ.
z vdnt giHa tPLfspypUe;J gpupf;fg;gl;l Mr;rh kuf;fl;ilfisf; bfhz;nl ehfRuk;
bra;ag;gLfpwJ. ehfRuj;jpd; nky;gFjpapy; rPthsp vd;w fUtp bghUj;jg;gLfpwJ.
rPthsp/ ehzy; vd;w g[y; tifiaf; bfhz;L bra;ag;gLfpwJ.
1. cyfpy; mikjpia epytr; bra;tjpy; ,irf;F epfu; ntbwJt[k; ,y;iy ? ,j;bjhlu; Fwpj;Jr;
brhw;nghu; epfH;j;Jf.
brhw;nghu;
`èhbsy;yhk; ed;bwhypf;Fk;. ghl;odpny/ be+;irg; gwpbfhLj;njd; ghtpnad;~~
vd;whu; ghl;Lf;bfhU g[ytd; ghujp.
``,irahy; trkhfh ,jak; vJ~~ vd;whu; kw;bwhU ftp+u;. ,ir thoa gapiu tsur;
bra;a[k;" kiHiag; bghHpar;bra;a[k;" vy;yh ty;y ,iwtida[k; jd; trg;gLj;jpf;
bfhs;Sk; nguhw;wy; tha;e;j ,ir/ cyfpy; mikjpiaa[k; Vw;gLj;Jk; vdpy; kpifahfhJ.
``mHfhd ,ir mJ kdpj Fyj;jpd;
cz;ikahd ek;gpf;if~~. md;iga[k;/ mikjpiaa[k;/ kd cUf;fj;ija[k; ,irahy;
Vw;gLj;j Koa[k;
cyf mikjpf;fhf xt;bthU Mz;Lk;/ M!;jpnuypahtpy; rpl;dp efupy; ,ir tpHh
elj;jg;gLfpwJ. Mk; xt;bthU Mz;Lk; brg;lk;gu; khjk; ,t;tpHh eilbgw;W tUfpwJ.
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ek; ehl;oYk; rpjk;guk; nghd;w nfhtpy;fspy; cyf mikjpf;fhf/ gy kzp neu=;fs;

bjhlu; ,ir (rhd;whf 12 kzp neuk;/ 28 kzp neuk;) elj;jg;gLfpwJ. mt;tpHhtpy; gy
bkhHp ngRgtu;fs;/ gy ehl;ltu;fs; fye;J bfhs;fpd;wdu;. m=;F/ ,ir kl;Lnk MSif
bra;fpwJ. ehnlh/ bkhHpnah/ gznkh/ gjtpnah/ cau;nth/ jhH;nth my;y vd;gij
czu;e;J bfhs;S=;fs;.
,ir vd;why; ``xG=;F~~ vd;Wk; ``,iraitg;gJ~~ vd;Wk; bghUs; cz;L. ,aw;ifiaj;
jd; trg;gLj;jp/ ,iwtidna jd; trg;gLj;jp/ ,iwtidna Ml;bfhs;Sk; ,ir kdpj
kd=;fspy; cs;s ntWghLfisf; fise;J midtiua[k; ,ire;J nghfr;bra;a[k; Mw;wy;
cilaJ. vdnt cyfpy; mikjpia epytr; bra;tjpy; ,irf;F epfu; ntbwhd;Wk; ,y;iy.
2. ghlg;gFjpapy; ,lk;bgw;Ws;s c=;fSf;Fg; gpoj;j bra;a[s; gFjpfis tFg;gpy; ,ira[ld;

gho kfpH;f.
kj;jsk; bfhl;l thpr=;fk; epd;W}j
Kj;Jilj; jhkk; epiujhH;e;j ge;jw;fPH;
ikj;Jdd; ek;gp kJNjd; te;Jvd;idf;
ifj;jyk; gw;wf; fdhf;fz;nld; njhHPehd;.

fw;fz;L
Þò™
ÝÁ g[zh;r;rp
ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjhpf
1.kunth; vd;gJ ............... g[zh;r;rp ;
m) ,ay;g[ M) jphpjy; ,) njhd;wy; <) bfLjy;
tpil : <) bfLjy;
rpWtpdh
1. ifgpo/ ifg;gpo ? brhw;fspd; bghUs; ntWghLfisa[k; mtw;wpd; g[zu;rr; p tiffisa[k; vGJf.
`ìf gpo~~ – ifiag; gpoj;Jf; bfhs; vd;W bghUs;.
`ìfg;gpo~~ – ifg;gpo msitf; Fwpg;gJ. (xU ifg;gpo gUg;g[ bfhL)
if + gpo  ifgpo – ,ay;g[g; g[zu;r;rp MFk;.
if + gpo  ifg;gpo (njhd;wy;) – tpfhug;g[zu;r;rp MFk;.
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TLjy; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjhpf
1. vGj;J tifahy; brhw;fs; ............... tifg;gLk;.
m) 2 M) 3 ,) 4 <) 5
tpil : ,) 4
2. epiy bkhHp <w;wpy; ,/ </ I tUk; nghJ ,lk;bgWk; clk;gLbka; ................
m) afu clk;gLbka; M)tfu clk;gLbka;
,) ,uz;Lk; tUk; <) ,uz;Lk; tuhJ
tpil : afu clk;gLbka;
3. tl;L + Modhd; = vt;tif g[zh;r;rpapy; tUk;>
m) gz;g[g;bgah;g; g[zh;r;rp M) Fw;wpaYfug;g[zh;r;rp
,) ,ay;g[ g[zh;r;rp <) jpirg;bgah; g[zh;r;rp
tpil : M) Fw;wpaYfug;g[zh;r;rp
4. tpfhug; g[zh;r;rpapy; Vw;gLk; khw;w=;fspy; ,lk;bgWgit
m) njhd;wy; M) jphpjy; ,) bfLjy; <) tphpjy;
i) Kjy; @d;Wk; rhp ii) Kjy; ,uz;Lk; rhp
iii) ,Wjp @d;Wk; rhp iv) midj;Jk; rhp
tpil : i) Kjy; @d;Wk; rhp
5. fhJ/ ngR ? ,J vt;tiff; Fw;wpaYfuk;.
m) caph;j;bjhlh;f; Fw;wpaYfuk; M) beoy; bjhlh;f; Fw;wpaYfuk;
,) td;bjhlh;f; Fw;wpaYfuk; <) bkd;bjhlh;f; Fw;wpaYfuk;
tpil : M) beoy; bjhlh;f; Fw;wpaYfuk;
6. bghUj;jkhdijj; njh;f.
1. ehf;F ? caph;j;bjhlh;f; Fw;wpaYfuk;
2. be+;R ? ,ilj;bjhlh;f; Fw;wpaYfuk;
3. khh;g[ ? bkd;bjhlh;f; Fw;wpaYfuk;
4. KJF ? td;bjhlh;f; Fw;wpaYfuk;
m) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1 M) 4/ 2/ 3/ 1 ,) 3/ 2/ 1/ 4; <) 1/ 2/ 3/ 4
tpil : m) 4/ 3/ 2/ 1
FWtpdh
1. clk;gL bka; vd;why; vd;d> mit ahit>
z caph; vGj;ij ,Wjpapy; bfhz;l brhy;Yk;/ caph;vGj;ij Kjyhf cila brhw;fSk;
tUk;nghJ/ mtw;iw xd;W nrh;f;f xU bka; njhd;Wk; mJnt clk;gLbka; MFk;.
z mit: afu clk;gLbka;/ tfu clk;gLbka; MFk;.
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rpWtpdh
1. ,ay;g[g; g[zh;r;rp/ tpfhug;g[zh;r;rp ? tpsf;Ff.
,ay;g[g; g[zh;r;rp
z g[zh;r;rpapd; nghJ khw;w=;fs; vJt[kpd;wp ,ay;ghfg; g[zh;tJ ,ay;g[g;g[zh;r;rp
vdg;gLk;.
z rhd;W : kz; + kiy = kz;kiy
tpfhug; g[zh;r;rp
z g[zh;r;rpapd; nghJ khw;w=;fs; epfH;e;jhy; mJ tpfhug;g[zh;r;rp vdg;gLk;. khw;wk; @d;W
epiyfspy; tUk;. [njhd;wy;/ jphpjy;/ bfLjy;]
z rhd;W : fy;Y}hp + rhiy = fy;Y}hpr;rhiy
2. Fw;wpaYfug; g[zh;r;rpiar; rhd;W je;J tpsf;Ff.

z tl;L + Modhd; = tl;(l;+c) + Modhd; = tl;l; + Modhd; = tl;lhodhd;
z epiybkhHpahf tUk; Fw;wpaYfuj;jpd; Kd; capbuGj;Jfs; te;jhy;/ epiybkhHpapYs;s
cfuk; bfLk;. tUbkhHpapYs;s capbuGj;J epd;w bka;a[ld; ,iza[k;.
z Fw;wpaYfuj;ijg; nghynt rpy Kw;wpaYfuj;Jf;Fk; ,t;tpU tpjpfSk; bghUe;Jk;.
cwt[ + mHF = cw(t;+c) + mHF = cwt; + mHF = cwtHF
1. vGj;J tif mwpe;J bghUj;Jf.

1. ,ay; – m) capu; Kjy; capuPW
2. g[jpJ – M) capu; Kjy; bka;aPW
3. Mzp – ,) bka;k;Kjy; bka;aPW
4. tuk; – <) bka;k;Kjy; capuPW tpil: 1) M/ 2) </ 3) m/ 4) ,
2. g[zu;r;rpfis ``Kjy;/ <w;Wr;~~ brhy; tifahy; bghUj;Jf.
1. bry;tp + Modhs; – m) bka;aPW + bka;k;Kjy;
2. ghiy + jpiz – M) bka;aPW + capu; Kjy;
3. nfhy; + Ml;lk; – ,) caPupW + capu; Kjy;
4. kz; + rupe;jJ – <) capuPW + bka;k;Kjy; tpil: 1) ,/ 2) </ 3) M/ 4) m
3. nru;j;J vGJf:
m) jkpH; + ngR – jkpH; ngR
M) jkpH; + ngr;R – jkpH;g;ngr;R
,) if + fs; – iffs;
<) g{ + fs; – g{f;fs;
4. bghUj;jkhd clk;gL bka;a[ld; ,izf;f.
m) g{ + ,dk; – g{tpdk; (tfu clk;gL bka;)
M) ,ir + ,dpf;fpwJ – ,irapdpf;fpwJ (afu clk;gLbka;)
,) jpU + mUl;gh – jpUtUl;gh (tfu clk;gL bka;)
<) nr + mo – nrtowww.tnpscjob.com
(tfu clk;gLbka;)
rpe;jid fpsh; tpdhf;fs;:

m) Fw;wpaYfuk;/ Kw;wpaYfuk; ,tw;wpd; ntWghl;il vGJf.
z Fw;wpaYfuj;jpy; tUk; ``c~~ fukhdJ jdf;Fupa xU khj;jpiuapy; ,Ue;J miu
khj;jpiuahf FWfp xypf;Fk;.
z Kw;wpaYfuj;jpy; tUk; ``c~~ fukhdJ jd; xU khj;jpiu mstpy; FiwahJ xypf;Fk;.
M) g[zu;r;rp ,yf;fzk; fw;gJ ciueil vGJtjw;F cjt[k; ? ,f;Tw;iw Ma;f.
xU brhy;iyg; gpupj;jhy; tUk; epiybkhHp + tUbkhHp ? vt;thW g[zUk; vd;gij
mwpa[k; bghGJjhd; ciueil vGJk; nghJ Vw;gLk; xyp epiy khw;w=;fis czu;e;J
vGj ,aYk;. ty;ypdk;/ kpFk; kw;Wk; kpfhtpl=;fs;/ brhw;nrh;f;if Mfpad ciueilf;F
,d;wpaikahjhFk;. mtw;iwj; bjwpthfj; jUtJ g[zh;r;rp ,yf;fzk; vdnt g[zu;r;rp
,yf;fzk; fw;gJ ciueil vGj cjt[k;.
,) fPH;f;fhQk; gj;jpapy; cs;s brhw;fisr; nru;j;J vGJf.

jkpHpd; `bjhd;ik + Md~ ,yf;fz È}y; + Mfpa~ `bjhy;fhg;gpak; + ,y;~ `rpw;gk;
+ fiy~ gw;wpa Fwpg;g[f; fhzg;gLfpwJ. nghupy; tpGg;g[z; gl;L ,we;j tPuUf;F eLfy;
elg;gLk;. `m + fy;ypy; mt;tPuupd; cUtk; bghwpf;fg;bgWk;. `jkpHf + rpw;gk; + fiy~
apd; njhw;wj;jpw;fhd rhd;whf `,jid + bfhs;syhk;~. rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy; `fz;zfpf;F +
rpiy~ toj;j bra;jp ,lk; bgw;Ws;sJ. khspiffspy; gy `Rij + rpw;g=;fs;~ ,Ue;jij
kzpnkfiy @yk; `mwpa + KofpwJ~.
1. bjhd;ik +Md = bjhd;ikahd
2. E}y; + Mfpa = E}yhfpa
3. bjhy;fhg;gpak; + ,y; = bjhy;fhg;gpaj;jpy;
4. rpw;gk; + fiy = rpw;gf;fiy
5. m + fy;ypy; = mf;fy;ypy;
6. jkpHf + rpw;gk; + fiy = jkpHfr; rpw;gf;fiy
7. ,jid + bfhs;syhk; = ,jidf; bfhs;syhk;
8. fz;zfpf;F + rpiy = fz;zfpf;Fr; rpiy
9. Rij + rpw;g=;fs; = Rij rpw;g=;fs;
10. mwpa + KofpwJ = mwpa KofpwJ
<) glf;fhl;rpapypUe;J ,U brhy; bjhlu;fis mikj;J/ mtw;wpd; g[zu;rr; p tifapidf; fz;lwpf.
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(v.fh) kuf;fpis = kuk; + fpis kuf;fpis – jphpjy; tpfhug;g[zu;r;rp/

@d;W bgz;fs; = @d;W + bgz;fs; @d;Wbgz;fs; – ,ay;g[g; g[zu;r;rp
m) epiwFlk; = epiw + Flk; epiwFlk; – ,ay;g[g; g[zu;r;rp

M) cHt[j; bjhHpy; = cHt[ + bjhHpy; cHt[j; bjhHpy; – njhd;wy; tpfhug; g[zu;rr
; p

goj;Jr; Ritf;f.
thd; je;j ghlk; The Lesson the sky Teaches
vj;jid bgupa thdk;- How Vast is the sky!
vz;zpg;ghu; cida[k; ePna; Think you of yourself;
,j;jiu/ bfha;ahg; gp+;R/ The earth is a tiny
eP mjpy; rpw;bwWk;ng/ Guava fruit; you. like all
mj;jid ngUk; bka;aha; Others are a tiny ant
mg;goj;jhnd khnd> In it? is that not so?
gpj;njwp nky;fPH; vd;W Why talk madly of
kf;fs; jhk; ngry; vd;nd- The high and the low?
?ghnte;ju; ghujpjhrd; Pavendar Bharatidasan
(translated by P. Parameswaran)
bkhHp bgau;f;f:
1. Strengthen the body. : clypid cWjp bra;
2. Love your food : Cz; kpf tpUk;g[
3. Thinking is great : vz;QtJ cau;t[
4. Walk like a bull. : VW nghy; el
5. Union is strength : xw;Wik typikahk;
6. Practice what you have learnt : fw;wJ xGF
,it midj;Jk; ``ghujpahupd; g[jpa Mj;jpr;No~~
kug[j; bjhlu;fisf; bfhz;L bjhlu; mikf;f:

vl;lhf;fdp/ cLk;g[g;gpo/ fpzw;Wj;jtis/ Mfhaj;jhkiu/ vLg;ghh; ifg;gps;is/
nksjhsj;Jld;.
v.fh: vl;lhf;fdp :
Kad;why; ve;jr; braypYk; btw;wp vd;gJ vl;lhf;fdp ,y;iy.
cLk;g[g;gpo :
vd; jk;gpf;F gpothj Fzkhjjhy; gpoj;jhy; cLk;g[g;gpojhd;.
fpzw;Wj; jtis :
fpzw;Wj; jtis nghy; cd; thH;it xU FWfpa vy;iyf;Fs; RUf;fpf; bfhs;shnj-
(my;yJ) fpzw;Wj; jtis nghy; vJt[k; bjupahky; ,Uf;fhnj.
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Mfhaj;jhkiu :
Mfhaj; jhkiuiag; gwpf;f tpUk;g[tJ nghy; ,y;yhj xd;iw tpUk;gp Vw;fhnj.
vLg;ghu; ifg;gps;is :
vd; ez;gd; vLg;ghu; ifg;gps;is nghy; ahu; vjidr; brhd;dhYk; Vw;Wf;bfhs;thd;" ek;gp
tpLthd;.
nksjhsj;Jld; :
vk; gs;spf;F tUif je;j mikr;riu nksjhsj;Jld; tuntw;nwhk;.
gj;jpapy; ,lk; bgw;Ws;s ,ay;g[g; g[zu;r;rpfisa[k;/ tpfhug; g[zu;r;rpfisa[k; vLj;J vGJf:

fh+;rp fapyhrehju; nfhtpy; Rw;Wr;Rtu; KGtJk; rpw;g=;fspd; fiyf;Tlkhfj;
jpfH;fpwJ. mnj nghd;W fh+;rp itFe;j bgUkhs; nfhtpypYk; gy;ytu; fhyr; rpw;g=;fs;
kpFjpahf cs;sd. ,=;Fj; bja;tr;rpw;g=;fs; kl;Lky;yhJ gpw rpw;g=;fSk; nfhtpy; cl;g[wr;
Rtupy; brJf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. gy;ytu; fhyf; Filtiuf; nfhtpy;fspd; EiHt[ thapypd;
,Ug[w=;fspYk; fhtyu;fs; epw;gJ nghd;W rpw;g=;fs; gilf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
,ay;g[g; g[zu;r;rp brhw;fs;:
EiHt[ thapypd; – EiHt[ + thapypd;
epw;gJ nghd;W – epw;gJ + nghd;W
tpfhug;g[zu;r;rpr; brhw;fs;
1. njhd;wy; tpfhug; g[zh;r;rp
Rw;W + Rtu;  Rw;Wr;Rtu;
fiy + Tlk;;  fiyf;Tlk;
bja;tk; + rpw;g=;fs;  bja;tr;rpw;g=;fs;
Filtiu + nfhapy;;  Filtiuf;nfhapy;
2. bfLjy; tpfhug; g[zh;r;rp

itFe;jk; + bgUkhs;  itFe;j bgUkhs;
3. jphpjy; tpfhug; g[zh;r;rp

gy;yth; fhyk; + Filtiuf; nfhtpy;  gy;yth; fhyf; Filtiuf; nfhtpy;
kug[g; gpiHfis ePf;fp vGJf.

1. ,y;yj;jpd; mUnf g[jpjhff; Tiu nghl;ldu;.
,y;yj;jpd; mUnf g[jpjhff; Tiu nta;e;jdu;.
2. fay;ghid bra;af; fw;Wf; bfhz;lhs;.

fay; ghid tidaf; fw;Wf; bfhz;lhs;.
3. new;W bjd;wy; fhw;W moj;jJ.

new;W bjd;wy; tPrpaJ
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4. bjd;id kl;ilapypUe;J ehu; vLj;jhu;.

bjd;d=;fPw;wp[y; ,Ue;J ehu; fpHpj;jdu; (fpHp[j;jhu;)
5. mzpy; gHk; rhg;gpl;lJ

mzpy; gHk; jpd;wJ
6. bfhoapYs;s kyiu vLj;J th.

bfhoapy; cs;s kyiuf; bfha;J th. (my;yJ) bfhoapy; cs;s g{f;fisg; gwpj;J th>
ftpij gilf;f.
@lek;gpf;if/ g[tpiag; nghw;W/ md;gpdtHp
v.fh:
@l ek;gpf;if
g{id FWf;nf nghdjw;Ff;
ftiyg;gLfpwhna-
me;jg; g{idf;F vd;d Mdnjh>
g[tpiag; nghw;W md;gpd; tHp

g[j;Jyfkha; khw;W md;g[ vDk; xw;iw tHpna
Rw;Wr;NHy; fhj;jpL ,t;t[yfpid Ms;fpwJ
Rfkha; thH;e;jpL md;g[ tHpa[k; bja;tPf tHpa[k; xd;nw
Rfkha; thH;e;jpL v=;nf md;gpd; tHp csnjh
capuidj;Jk; ngzpL m=;nf bja;tk; Fo bfhs;Sk;-
cyifaHpf;f ehzpL
tpiliaj; jkpH; vz;fspy; vGJf.
gjpbdz; jpUf;Fwspd; rpw;wp

fPH;f;fzf;F fm f== yf;fpa=;fs;; T rh
mjpfhu=;fs;
irtj; jpU
Kiwfs; fc ehad;khh;fs; rh = MH;thh;fs; fc
fz;Lgpof;f.
1. vz;Qk; vGj;Jk; fz; ? ,j;bjhliu xUtu; 1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 5, 6, 7, 4, 8, 2 vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;.
,nj Kiwiag; gpd;gw;wp fPH;f;fhQk; brhw;fis vg;gof; Fwpg;gpLthu;.
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tpilfs;:
m) vGJ  1, 5, 7 M) fz;Qk;  8, 2, 3, 4 ,) fGj;J  8, 5, 6, 7 <) fj;J  8, 6, 7
2. vd; tFg;gpy; gof;Fk; midtUk; g[jpa g[j;jfk; itj;jpUe;jdu;. ,uhkDk; g[jpa g[j;jfk;
itj;jpUe;jhd;. vdnt/ ,uhkd; vd; tFg;g[ khztd; ? ,f; Tw;W.
m) cz;ik M) bgha; ,) cWjpahff; TwKoahJ
tpil: ,) cWjpahff; TwKoahJ
fhuzk; : midtUk; vd;W Twpa gpd; ,uhkd; ntW tFg;g[ khztdhff; Tl
,Uf;fyhk;.
mfuhjpapy; fhz;f.
V=;fy;/ fpLF/ jhkk;/ ghd;ik/ bghwp
m) V=;fy; ? Xir/ kapw;Fuy;/ mGjy;/ FHe;ijfSf;F tUk; xUtif neha;
M) fpLF ? nflfk;/ Kile;j Xiyf; fPw;W/ rl;lg;gyif
,) jhkk; ? g{khiy/ tlk;/ g[fH;/ xsp/ gukgjk;
<) ghd;ik ? Fzk;/ jFjp/ Kiwik/ rpwg;g[
c) bghwp ? g[s;sp/ jGk;g[/ ve;jpuk;/ xsp/ Ik;bghwp
ctikj; bjhlu;fis cUtfj; bjhlu;fshf khw;Wf.

1. kyu;tpHp tPiz thrpj;jhs;: nfl;ltu; bts;sk; nghd;w ,d;gj;jpy; ePe;jpdu;.
kyu;tpHp tPiz thrpj;jhs;. nfl;ltu; ,d;g bts;sj;jpy; ePe;jpdu;.
2. FHypapd; ,iriar; Ritj;jtu;/ fly; nghd;w ftiyapypUe;J eP=;fpdu;.
FHypapd; ,iriar; Ritj;jtu; ftiyf;flypy; ,Ue;J eP=;fpdu;.
3. njd; nghd;w bkhHpiag; gts tha; jpwe;J goj;jhs;
gtstha; jpwe;J bkhHpj;njidg; goj;jhs;.
4. Kj;Jeif jd; tpy; nghd;w g[Utj;jpy; ik jPl;odhs;.
Kj;Jeif jd; g[Uttpy;ypy; ik jPl;odhs;.

vd;id ehnd
brJf;Fk; rpw;gpahntd; ? Mk;
fy;tp vDk; csp bfhz;L
caupa rpe;jid bray; vDk;
El;g=;fSld; vd;id ehnd
toj;J bfhs;fpnwd; rpw;gkhf .........
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bray;jpl;lk;
c=;fs; khtl;lj;jpd; fiyeak; kpf;f ,l=;fspd; rpwg;g[fisg; gl=;fSld; jpul;og;
gs;spapy; fhl;rpg;gLj;Jf.
me;je;j khtl;lj;jpd; rpwg;g[fisf; Fwpf;Fk; bjhFg;ngl;il/ khztu;fns
cUthf;F=;fs;.
epw;f mjw;Fj;jf...
vd;id kfpHr; bra;j gzpfs;
(v.fh)
1. ,f;fl;lhd neuj;jpy; jk;gpf;F cjtpajw;fhf mg;ghtplk; ghuhl;Lg; bgw;nwd;.
2. vdJ tFg;giwapy; fUk;gyifapd; fPH; rpjwpf; fple;j Rz;zf; fl;oj;Jz;Lfisj;
jpul;o vLj;Jf; Fg;igj; bjhl;oapy; nghl;ljw;F Mrpupau; kw;Wk; tFg;g[j; njhHu;fsplk;
ifjl;ly; bgw;nwd;.
3. tajhd vd; ghl;oapd; tpUg;gj;ij epiwntw;w mtu;fisg; ghJfhg;ghff; nfhtpYf;F
miHj;Jr; brd;nwd;. mk;kh ghuhl;odhs; ? kfpH;e;njd;.
4. br+;rpYitr; r=;fj;jpy; ,ize;J khztg; gUtj;jpny nrit bra;J midtuJ
ghuhl;ila[k; bgw;nwd;" kfpH;r;rpaile;njd;.
fiyr;brhy; mwpnthk;
Filtiuf;nfhapy; ? (Cave temple)
bgupa kiy (tiu) fisf; File;J mikf;fg;gl;l nfhapy;fisf; Fwpg;gJ
fUt{yk; ? (Treasury)
murpd; bry;tk; kw;Wk; epjp rhu;e;j midj;Jk; ghJfhf;fg;gLk; ,lk;.
kjpg;g[W Kidtu; ? (Honorary Doctorate)
bjhHpy;Jiw/ fiy/ murpay;/ ,yf;fpak; Mfpa Jiwfspy; rpwg;ghf g=;fhw;wp thH;ehs;
rhjid g[upgtu;fSf;F tH=;fg;gLk; bfsut gl;lk;.
bky;ypir ? (melody)
,dpikahd ,iria bkd;ikahf btspg;gLj;Jjy;
Mtzf; FWk;glk; ? (Document short film)
xU r@fg; gpur;rid/ mjd; jPtpuk; mjw;fhd jPu;t[fs; Mfpatw;iw Fiwe;j neuj;jpy;
kf;fs; kdjpy; gjpa[k; tz;zk; vLj;Jr; brhy;Yk; glk;.
g[zu;r;rp ? (combination)
jkpH; ,yf;fzj;jpy; ,lk; bgWtJ. xU brhy;iyg; gpupj;J epiybkhHpa[k; tUbkhHpa[k;
vt;thW ,izfpd;wd vd;gijf; TWk; ,yf;fzk;.

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thH;tpay;
Þò™
ÝÁ jpUf;Fws;
g[y;ywpthz;ik
mjpfhu tpsf;fk; : mwpt[ ,y;yhika[k;/ jhdhfr; braiyr; bra;a[k; bjspt[ ,y;yhika[k;
cilahupd; ,Hpt[ Twg;gLfpwJ.
1. Vtt[k; bra;fyhd; jhd;njwhd; mt;t[aph;
nghxk; mst[k;Xh; neha;
tpsf;fk; : jdf;fhd braiy (ed;ikia) gpwu; vLj;Jr; brhd;dhYk; bra;ahjtdha;
jhdhft[k; rpe;jpj;Jr; bra;ahjtdha; cs;std;/ thGk; fhyk; Kjy; capu; nghFk;
fhyk; tiu jPuhj nehahsp Mthd;.
2. fhzhjhd; fhl;Lthd; jhd;fhzhd; fhzhjhd;

fz;lhdhk; jhd;fz;l thW.
tpsf;fk; : mwptpy;yhjtDf;Fj; jdJ mwpitf; fhl;l epidg;gtd;/ jhnd mwptpy;yhjtdha;
epw;ghd;. mwpt[ ,y;yhjtndh jhd; mwpe;j tiuapy; jd;id mwpt[s;stdhf
vz;zpj; njhd;Wthd;. (bfhs;thd;)
brhy;Yk; bghUSk;:
VtYk; ? vLj;Jr; brhy;Yjy; bra;fyhd; ? bra;ahjtd;
jhd; njwhd; ? jhdhfj; bjspe;J bra;ahjtd; fhzhjhd; ? mwptpy;yhjtd;
,fy;
mjpfhu tpsf;fk; : kw;wtu;fnshL To thHh jPa gz;ng ,fy; vdg;gLk;.
3. ,d;gj;Js; ,d;gk; gaf;Fk; ,fbyd;Dk;

Jd;gj;Js; Jd;g=; bfod;
tpsf;fk; : Jd;g=;fspy; kpff; bfhojhd kdf;frg;g[ vd;Dk; gifahfpa Jd;gk; mHpe;J
tpl;lhy;/ ,d;g=;fspy; bgupa ,d;gk; cz;lhFk;.
brhy;Yk; bghUSk;
,fy; ? kdf;frg;ghy; tUk; gif
Foik
mjpfhu tpsf;fk; : cau;Fog;gpwg;gpd; rpwg;ig czu;j;Jk; mjpfhuk;
4. mLf;fpa nfho bgwpDk; Fog;gpwe;jhh;

Fd;Wt bra;jy; ,yh;.
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tpsf;fk; : nfho nfhoaha;g; bghUis mLf;fpf; bfhLj;jhYk;/ mj;jFg; bghUisg;

bgWtjhf ,Ue;jhYk; cau;e;j FLk;gj;jpy; gpwe;jtu;fs; xGf;ff; Fiwthd
bray;fisr; bra;akhl;lhu;fs;.
brhy;Yk; bghUSk;:
nfho ? nfhof;fzf;fhd bghUs;
Fog;gpwe;jhu; ? cau;Fog;gpwe;jtu;
Fd;Wt bra;jy; ,yu; ? xGf;ff; nflhd bray;fisr; bra;akhl;lhu;.
rhd;whz;ik
mjpfhu tpsf;fk; : cau;Fzk; bghUe;jpa rhd;nwhu;fspd; gz;g[fisa[k; rpwg;g[fisa[k; TWk;
mjpfhuk;
5. md;g[ehz; xg;g[ut[ fz;nzhl;lk; tha;ikbah(L)
Ie;Jrhy;g[ Cd;wpa J}z;.
tpsf;fk; : md;g[/ gHpf;F ehQjy;/ btl;fg;gly;/ bfhLj;J cjt[k; gz;g[ ,uf;fk;/ cz;ik/
Mfpa Ie;Jk; rhd;whz;ik vd;Dk; tpjhdj;ij (Tiuia) jh=;Fk; J}z;fshFk;.
6. Mw;Wthh; Mw;wy; gzpjy; mJrhd;nwhh;
khw;whiu khw;Wk; gil.
tpsf;fk; : bray; bra;a[k; Mw;wy; cilatupd; bgupa Mw;wny/ gzpt[ld; elj;jy; MFk;.
mJnt/ giftu;fisa[k; ez;gu;fshf;Fk; rhd;nwhu; jk; Ma[jkhFk;.
7. CHp bgahpDk; jhk;bgauhh; rhd;whz;ikf;(F)
MHp vdg;gL thh;/
tpsf;fk; : rhd;whz;ikf;Ff; fly; vd;W/ kjpf;fg;gLfpd;wtu;fs; rhd;nwhu;. cyfnk mHpa[k;
CHpf;fhyk; te;jhYk;/ jk; epiyapy; ,Ue;J ntWglhky; ,Ug;gu;.
brhy;Yk; bghUSk;:
ehz; ? gHpf;F ehQjy; xg;g[ut[ ? midtuplKk; ,zf;fk;
khw;whiu ? giftiu bgauhu; ? jd; epiyapy; khwhjtu;
MHp ? fly;
ehQilik
mjpfhu tpsf;fk; : jfhj bray;fisr; bra;tjw;F btl;fg;gLjy;
8. gpwh;ehzj; jf;fJ jhd;ehzhd; Mapd;
mwk;ehzj; jf;fJ cilj;J.
tpsf;fk; : gpwu; ehzj;jFe;j gHpr; bray;fSf;F m+;rhky;/ ehzk; ,d;wp xUtd;
,Ug;ghdhfpy;/ mwf;flt[s; ehzp mtidf; iftpl;L tpLk;.
brhy;Yk; bghUSk;:
ehzk; ? m+;Rjy;/ btl;fg;gLjy;.
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cHt[ [
mjpfhu tpsf;fk; : cHt[j; bjhHpypd; nkd;ikiaa[k;/ rpwg;iga[k; TWtJ
9. RHd;Wk;Vh;g; gpd;dJ cyfk; mjdhy;
cHe;Jk; cHnt jiy.
tpsf;fk; : cyfk; gy bjhHpy;fisr; bra;J ,a=;fpdhYk; (RHd;W te;jhYk;)/ cyfkhdJ
Vu;j;bjhHpyhfpa cHt[j;bjhHpiy ek;gpna mjd; gpd; epw;fpwJ. mjdhy; vt;tst[
Jd;gj;jpw;F cs;shdhYk; cHt[j;bjhHpny Kjd;ikahd rpwe;j bjhHpyhFk;.
10. cGthh; cyfj;jhh;f;F MzpmBjhw;whJ
vGthiu vy;yhk; bghWj;J.
tpsf;fk; : gpw bjhHpy;fs; bra;a[k; midtiua[k; cGgtnu jh=;fp epw;gtu; Mthu;. vdnt
cHtu;fns cyfj;Jf;F mr;rhzp nghd;wtu; Mthu;.
brhy;Yk; bghUSk;:
RHd;W ? ,a=;fp cHe;Jk; ? Jd;gj;jpw;F cs;shFjy;
jiy ? Kjd;ikahd vGthiu ? gpw bjhHpy; bra;J thH;nthiu
bghWj;J ? jh=;Fk; Mzp ? mr;rhzp
1. glj;jpw;F Vw;w Fwisj; nju;t[ bra;f.

m) ,d;gj;Js; ,d;gk; gaf;Fk; ,fbyd;Dk;
Jd;gj;Js; Jd;g=; bfod;.
M) Vtt[k; bra;fyhd; jhd;njwhd; mt;t[aph;

nghxk; mst[k; Xh; neha;.
,) RHd;Wk; Vh;g; gpd;dJ cyfk; mjdhy;

cHe;Jk; cHnt jiy.
tpil: ,) RHd;Wk; Vu;g; gpd;dJ cyfk; mjdhy;
cHe;Jk; cHnt jiy.
2. bghUSf;nfw;w moiaf; fz;Lgpoj;J bghUj;Jf. (tpila[ld;)
fz;lhdhk; jhd; fz;lthW bjupe;j mstpy; mwpt[ilatdha;j; njhd;Wthd;
mwk; ehzj;jf;fJ cilj;J mwk; btl;fg;gl;L mtid tpl;L tpyfpg; nghFk;
khw;whiu khw;Wk; gil giftiua[k; el;ghf;Fk; fUtp
3. Ie;J rhy;g[fspy; ,uz;L
m) thdKk; ehzKk; M) ehzKk; ,zf;fKk;
,) ,zf;fKk; Rzf;fKk; <) ,zf;fKk; gpzf;fKk;
tpil : M) ehzKk; ,zf;fKk;
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4. nfhol;l ,l=;fSf;fhd tpiliaf; fl;lj;Js; fz;lwpe;J tl;lkpLf.

m)midtuplKk; ,zf;fk; vd;gjd; bghUs;
x g; g[ W ? xg;g[ut[
f g u t M)cyfj;Jf;F mr;rhzp nghd;wtu;? cHtu;

,)jhd; ehzhd; Mapd; ????????????
l il t[ j ehzj;jf;fJ ? mwk;
<) MHp vd;gjd; bghUs; ???????????? fly;
y; c H t
c)khw;whiu khw;Wk; ???????????? ? gil
k; w m h; C) xGf;fkhd Foapy; gpwe;jtu; ????????????
bra;tjpy;iy ? jtW
5. mLf;fpa nfho bgwpDk; Fog;gpwe;jhh;;
Fd;Wt bra;jy; ,yu;
,f;Fwspd; fUj;ij mog;gilahff; bfhz;L xU gf;ff; fij vGJf.
ehd; trpf;Fk; CUf;F mUfpy; xU rpwpa fpuhkk; (rpw;W}u;) cs;sJ. 100 FLk;g=;fns
cila mr;rpw;W}upy; cHnt gpujhdkhd bjhHpy;. m=;Fs;s kf;fSf;F fy;tpawpt[ fpilahJ.
mt;t{Uf;F ed;F goj;j gzp g[upe;J Xa;t[ bgw;w xUtu; Fo te;jhu;. mtu; bgau; rhkpehjd;.
mz;il Cupy; ,Ue;J xU bry;te;jd; ,r;rpw;W}u; kf;fspd; tpisbghUl;fis
mepahakhf moj;Jg; gpoj;J miuFiw tpiyapy; th=;fpf; bfhz;oUe;jhd;.
rhkpehjd; me;j CUf;F te;jt[ld; ,jidj; bjupe;J bfhz;lhu;. kf;fSf;F tpHpg;g[zu;t[
Vw;gLj;jpdhu;. kf;fs; epahatpiyaha; ,Ue;jhy; th=;fpf;bfhs; ,y;iybad;why; brd;W
tpL vd;W kf;fs; Fuy; bfhLf;fj; bjhl=;fpdu;. bry;te;jd; fhuzk; mwpe;J bfhz;L
rhkpehjidr; re;jpj;J tHf;fkhf ehd; bra;tijj; jilapd;wp bra;a cjtpdhy;/ ckf;Fr;
rupghjp gzj;ija[k;/ cdf;Fj; njitahd jhdpatiffs; midj;ija[k; tpiyapy;yhky;
ckf;Fk; jUfpnwd; vd;whu;.
Mdhy; rhkpehjndh ......... eP nfho nfhoaha;f; bfhLj;jhYk;/ ePjp jtwp elf;f khl;nld;/
,e;j mg;ghtp kf;fspd; tapw;wpy; cd;id mof;ftpl khl;nld; vd;W Xog;ngh ........ vd;W
tpul;o tpl;lhu;......... jd; epiyapy; ,Ue;J khwtpy;iy mtu;.
Mk;.
``mLf;fpa nfho bgwpDk; Fog;gpwe;jhh;;
Fd;Wt bra;jy; ,yu;~~ md;nwh.
ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs;
rpWtpdh
1. ,wf;Fk; tiu cs;s neha; vJ>
jd; braiyg; gpwu; vLj;Jr; brhy;ypa[k; bra;ahjtdha;/ jhDk; rpe;jpj;J bray;glj;
bjupahjtdha; cs;stdpd; thH;t[/ capu; nghFk; tiu cs;s neha; MFk;.
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``Vtt[k; bra;fyhd; jhd;njwhd; mt;t[apu;

nghXk; mst[k;Xu; neha;~~.
2. md;g[ ehz; xg;g[ut[ fz;nzhl;lk; tha;iknah(L)
Ie;Jrhy;g[ Cd;wpa J}z; ?
,f;Fwl;ghtpy; gapd;W tUk; mzpia tpsf;fp vGJf.
,f;Fwl;ghtpy; mike;Js;s mzp Vfnjr cUtf mzp MFk;.
mzp tpsf;fk; : xU bra;a[spy; bjhlu;g[ila ,U bghUl;fSs;/ xd;iw kl;Lk; cUtfk;
bra;J/ kw;bwhd;iw cUtfk; bra;ahky; tpl;L tpLtJ Vfnjr cUtf
mzp vdg;gLk;.
bghUj;jk; : nkw;Twpa ,f;Fwl;ghtpy; rhd;nwhu; thH;tpw;Fj; njitahd Ie;J
ew;Fz=;fis J}z; vd cUtfpj;J tpl;L/ rhd;whz;ikia (tpjhdk;
? Tiu) vd cUtfpf;fhky; tpl;L tpl;ljhy; Vfnjr mzpf;Fg; bghUe;jp
tUfpwJ.
3. cyfpw;F mr;rhzp vdg;gLgtu; ahh;;> Vd;>
cyfpw;F mr;rhzpahf tps=;Fgth;; cGgtnu Mthh;;. kw;w bjhHpy; bra;gtiua[k; cGgtnu
jh=;fp epw;gjhy; mt;thW miHf;fg;gLfpwhh;;.
4. fhzhjhd; fhl;Lthd; jhd;fhzhd; fhzhjhd;
fz;lhdhk; jhd; fz;lthW
,f;Fwl;ghtpy; gapd;W tUk; bjhileaj;ij vGJf.
fhzhjhd; fhzhd;
fz;lhdhk; fz;lthW
,jpy; cs;s eak;: rPu; nkhid/ rPu; vJif
TLjy; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjwpf
1. mLf;fpa nfho bgwpDk; Fd;Wt bra;ahjtu;
m) Fo,Hpe;jhh; M) Fo ,we;jhh;
,) Fog;gpwe;jhh; <) FokfpHe;jhh; tpil : ,) Fog;gpwe;jhu;
2. CHp bgaupDk; jhd; bgauhjtu;

m) bgha;ika[ilath; M) ,Hpj;jd;ika[ilath;
,) rhd;whz;ika[ilath; <) bfhL=;nfhyh;
tpil : ,) rhd;whz;ika[ilatu;
3. ``rhFk; tiu cs;s neha;~~ ? vd;W ts;Stu; ahiuf; TWfpwhu;>
m) mwpt[ilahiu M) g[y;ywpt[ilahiu
,) md;g[ilahiu <) gz;gi [ lahiu tpil : M) g[y;ywpt[ilahiu
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4. fhzhjhd; fhl;Lthd; ? fhzhjhd; ahu;>

m) mwpt[ilahd; M) mwptpy;yhjtd;
,) md;g[ilahd; <) gz;g[ilahd; tpil : M) mwptpy;yhjtd;
FWtpdh
1. mwk; ahiu tpl;L tpyfpg;nghFk;>
gpwu; btl;fg;gLk; gHpf;;Ff; fhuzkha; ,Ue;Jk; jhd; btl;fg;gltpy;iy vd;why;/ mwk;
btl;fg;gl;L mtid tpl;L tpyfpg; nghFk;.
2. rpwe;j ,d;gk; vg;nghJ bgwyhk;>
Jd;g=;fspy; kpff; bfhojhd kdf;frg;g[ vd;Dk; gifahfpa Jd;gk; mHpe;J tpl;lhy;
,d;g=;fspy; rpwe;j ,d;gj;ijg; bgwyhk;.
``,d;gj;Js; ,d;gk; gaf;Fk; ,fbyd;Dk;
Jd;gj;Js; Jd;g=; bfod;~~
3. cHnt jiy ? Vd;>
cyfk; gy bjhHpy;fshy; ,a=;FfpwJ. vdpDk; cyfkhdJ Vu;j;bjhHpyhfpa
cHt[j;bjhHpYf;Fg; gpd;dhnyna nghFk;. mjdhy; tUe;jp ciHj;jhYk; cHnt rpwe;jJ.
rpWtpdh
1. rhd;whz;ik Fwpj;J ts;Stu; TWk; fUj;Jfs; ahit>
z gpwuplk; md;g[k; gHpf;F ehQjYk; midtuplKk; ,zf;fKk; ,uf;fKk; cz;ika[k;
rhd;whz;ikiaj; jh=;Fk; J}z;fs;- mzp ? Vfnjr cUtf mzp
z bray; bra;gtupd; Mw;wy;/ gzpt[ld; elj;jy;. mJnt rhd;nwhu;f;Fg; giftiua[k;
el;ghf;Fk; fUtp.
z CHpf;fhyk; te;jhYk; rhd;whz;ik vd;Dk; flYf;Ff; fiu nghd;wtu;
ew;gz;g[fspypUe;J khwkhl;lhu;-
2. cHt[j; bjhHpiy ts;Stu; vt;thW nghw;Wfpwhu;>
z cyfk; gy bjhHpy;fisr; bra;J ,a=;fpdhYk; (RHd;W te;jhYk;)/ cyfkhdJ
Vu;j;bjhHpyhfpa cHt[j;bjhHpiy ek;gpna mjd; gpd; epw;fpwJ. mjdhy; vt;tst[
Jd;gj;jpw;F cs;shdhYk; cHt[j;bjhHpny Kjd;ikahd rpwe;j bjhHpyhFk;.
z gpw bjhHpy;fs; bra;a[k; midtiua[k; cGgtnu jh=;fp epw;gtu; Mthu;. vdnt
cHtu;fns cyfj;Jf;F mr;rhzp nghd;wtu; Mthu;.
3. rhd;whz;ikiaj; jh=;Fk; J}z;fs; ahit>
z md;g[  gHpf;F m+;Rjy; (ehz;)
z xg;g[ut[ (,zf;fk;)  fz;nzhl;lk;
z tha;ik ? ,itna rhd;whz;ikiaj; jh=;Fk; J}z;fs; MFk;.

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ciueil cyfk;
Þò™
ã¿ ,e;jpa njrpa uhQtj;jpy; jkpHh; g=;F
ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjhpf
1. ,e;jpa njrpa ,uhQtk; ............ ,d; jiyikapy; ............ cUthf;fpdh;.
m) Rgh&; re;jpungh!;/ ,e;jpah;. M) Rgh&; re;jpungh!;/ $g;ghdpah;.
,) nkhfd;rp=;/ $g;ghdpah;. <) nkhfd;rp=;/ ,e;jpah;.
tpil: ,) nkhfd;rp=;/ $g;ghdpah;.
2. Tw;W : ,e;jpa njrpa ,uhQtg; gilj;jiytuhf ,Ue;j jpy;yhd;/ `,e;jpa njrpa
,uhQtj;jpd; ,jaKk; Mj;kht[k; jkpHh;fs;jhd; vd;whh;.
fhuzk; : ,e;jpa njrpa ,uhQtj;jpw;F tYr;nrh;j;j bgUikf;F chpath;fs; jkpHh;fs;.
m) Tw;W rhp/ fhuzk; rhp. M) Tw;W rhp/ fhuzk; jtW.
,) Tw;W jtW/ fhuzk; rhp. <) Tw;W jtW/ fhuzk; jtW.
tpil: m) Tw;W rhp/ fhuzk; rhp.
FWtpdh
1. ,e;jpa njrpa ,uhQtj;jpy; Fwpg;gplj; jFe;j jkpHf tPuh;fs; ahth;>
z nfg;ld; jhrd;  $hdfp
z mg;Jy; fhjh;  ,uh$hkzp
z rpjk;guk;  nfg;ld; yl;Rkp
z nyhfehjd;  ,uhK
2. jha;ehl;Lf;fhf ciHf;f tpUk;gpdhy; vg;gzpiaj; njh;e;bjLg;gPh;fs;> Vd;>

ehd; ,uhQtg; gzpia jha;ehl;Lf;fhf ciHf;f njh;e;bjLg;ngd;. Vbddpy;/
jha;ehl;ilg; ghJfhf;ft[k;/ ,e;jpa xUikg;ghl;ila[k; ,iwahz;ikiag; ngzt[k;
fpilj;j tha;g;ghf ,uhQtg; gzpiaf; fUJfpnwd;.
3. `bly;yp nehf;fpr; bry;Y=;fs;~ vd;w KHf;fk; ahuhy; vg;nghJ bra;ag;gl;lJ>

nejh$p Rgh&; re;jpu ngh!; ,e;jpa njrpa ,uhQtj;jpd; bghWg;ig Vw;f/
b$h;kdpapy; ,Ue;J rp=;fg;g{h; te;jhh;. 1943?Mk; Mz;L Niy khjk; 9Mk; ehs; bghWg;ig
Vw;Fk;nghJ `bly;yp nehf;fpr; bry;Y=;fs;~ (bly;yp rnyh) vdg; nghh; KHf;fk; bra;jhh;.
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rpWtpdh
1. Fwpg;g[ tiuf: nlhf;fpnah nfll;!;.
z ,e;jpa njrpa ,uhQtj;jpy; ,Ue;J 45 tPuh;fs; nejh$pahy; njh;t[ bra;ag;gl;L
thd;gilj; jhf;FjYf;fhd rpwg;g[g; gapw;rp bgWtjw;fhf/ $g;ghdpy; cs;s ,k;gPhpay;
kpypl;lhp mflkpf;F mDg;gg;gl;l gapw;rpg; gphptpd; bgah;jhd; nlhf;fpnah nfll;!;.
z ,uz;lhk; cyfg; nghh;r;NHypy; ,e;jpa njrpa ,uhQt tPuh;fs; gh;khtpy; ,Ue;J
fhl;L tHpahfg; gazk; bra;J rahk; kuz uapy; ghijiaf; fle;J/ glF tHpahfj;
jg;gp/ fg;gy; xd;wpy; Vwp/ rPWk; miiyfspy; rpf;fpj; jtpj;J 45 ngUk; $g;ghdpd; fpa{R
jPit mile;J gapw;rp bgw;wdh;.
z gdpglh;e;j ikjhdj;jpy; fhiy 5 kzpf;F Fsph; $Pnuh (RHpak;) ofphpf;Fk; fPH;
,Uf;Fk; epiyapy; rpwg;g[g; gapw;rpfs; bgw;wdh;. ,th;fns nlhf;fpnah nfll;!; vd;W
miHf;fg;gl;ldh;.
2. gdpapYk;/ kiyapYk; vy;iyiaf; fhf;Fk; ,e;jpa tPuh;fspd; gzpiag; ghuhl;o c=;fs;
gs;spf; ifbaGj;J ,jGf;F xU JQf;Fr; bra;jp vGJf.
,e;jpah ? ghfp!;jhd; vy;iyf; fl;Lg;ghl;Lf; nfhL ,Uf;Fk; $k;K?fh&;kPhpy; cs;s
xU gFjp fhh;fpy;. _efiua[k; ny efiua[k; ,izf;Fk; njrpa beL+;rhiy mUfpy; cs;s
gFjp. gdpglh;e;j ,kakiyg; gFjp vg;bghGJk; Fsph; RHpaj;jpw;F (–) fPH;jhd; ,Uf;Fk;.
1999Mk; Mz;L Fsph;fhyj;jpy; –20° Fsph;epytpa epiyapy; ,e;jpa ,uhQtk;
gilfis kiy cr;rpapy; ,Ue;J fPnH ,wf;fpaJ. ,e;jr; NHypy; ghfp!;jhd; ,uhQtj;jpdh;
fhh;fpypy; vy;iyf; fl;Lg;ghl;Lf; nfhl;ilj; jhz;o CLUtpdh;. khL nka;g;nghh;
ghfp!;jhd; ,uhQtj;jpdiug; ghh;j;J mjph;r;rp mile;J ,e;jpa uhQt nfg;ld; rt[ug;
fhypahtplk; bjhptpj;jdh;. ,e;jpa jiug;gil/ fg;gy; gil/ tpkhdg;gil mRuntf
jhf;Fjiyj; bjhLj;jJ. ghfp!;jhdpd; fuhr;rp JiwKfj;jpw;F ruf;F fg;gy;fs; bry;y
Koahjgo eLf;flypy; jLj;J ,e;jpa flw;gil.
nghh; tpkhd=;fSk; Fz;Lfis tPrpd. kpf; 27/ kpf; 21/ vk;.I. 17 Mfpa 3
tpkhd=;fis ,e;jpah ,He;jJ. ghfp!;jhd; uhQt tPhh;fspy; 4000 ngUk; ,e;jpa
jug;gpy; 527 ngUk; gypahdhh;fs;. nghh; Kotpy; fhh;fpy; gFjpapy; ,Ue;J ghfp!;jhd;
uhQtk; gpd;th=;fpaJ. nghh; Kot[f;F te;j $îy 26 fhh;fpy; nghh; btw;wp jpdkhf
filgpof;fg;gLfpwJ. ,g;gog;gl;l rp.Mh;.gp.vg; tPuh;fshy; jhd; ehk; epk;kjpahf cw=;f
KofpwJ. nghplh; fhy=;fspy; epiyikiar; rkhspf;f KofpwJ.
beLtpdh
1. Þ‰Fò «îCò Þó£µõˆF¡ É‡è÷£èˆ Fè›‰îõ˜èœ îIö˜èœ â¡ð¬î‚ è†´¬ó
õN GÁ¾è.
º¡Â¬ó:
Þ‰Fò «îCò Þó£µõ‹ Þ‰Fò M´î¬ô‚è£è à¼õ£‚èŠð†ì Ü¬ñŠ¹ Ý°‹. Þ‰î
Ü¬ñŠH¡ É‡è÷£èˆ Fè›‰îõ˜èœ ï‹ îIö˜èœ âQ™ I¬èò£è£¶.
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«ïî£T Üõ˜èÀì¡ Þ¬í‰¶ Þ‰Fò «îCò Þó£µõŠ ð¬ìJ™ «ð£ó£®ò îIö˜èO¡

ðƒ° Mò‰¶ «ð£Ÿøˆî‚è¶.
É‡èœ:
1943-‹ Ý‡´, «ïî£T “ªì™L ê«ô£” â¡ø ºö‚èˆ¬î º¡ ¬õˆî£˜. ÞõK¡
ºö‚è‹ Ü¬ùõK¡ ñùF½‹ ð²ñóˆî£E «ð£ô ðF‰î¶. Þ‰Fò «îCò Þó£µõŠð¬ì,
HKˆî£Qò Üó¬ê âF˜ˆî «ð£¶ îIöèˆF™ Þ¼‰¶ ªð¼‹ð¬ì¬òˆ Fó†®, Þ‰Fò «îCò
Þó£µõˆFŸ° õ½«ê˜ˆî ªð¼¬ñ‚°Kò îIö˜ ‘ð²‹ªð£¡ ºˆ¶ó£ñLƒè«îõ˜’ Ýõ£˜.
ð²‹ªð£¡ Üõ˜èO¡ î¬ô¬ñJ™ Þ¼‰î îIö˜èO¡ ðE¬ò‚è‡´ Mò‰î F™ô£¡
â¡ðõ˜, “Þ‰Fò «îCò Þó£µõˆF¡ Þîòº‹, Ýˆñ£¾‹ îIö˜èœ î£¡” â¡ø£˜. Ü¬ùõ¼‹
ð£ó£†´‹ MîˆF™ Þ‰Fò «îCò Þó£µõˆ¬îˆ î£ƒ°‹ É‡è÷£èˆ îIö˜èœ Fè›‰îù˜.
Þó£µõˆF™ îI›Š ªð‡èœ:
Þ‰Fò «îCò Þó£µõˆF™ ü£¡C ó£E ªðòK™ ªð‡èœ ð¬ì à¼õ£‚èŠð†ì¶.
Þî¡ î¬ôõ˜ ì£‚ì˜ ô†²I â¡ø îI›Šªð‡ Ýõ£˜. ÞŠð¬ìJ™ îI› ªð‡èœ
ªð¼ñ÷M™ ðƒ«èŸø£˜èœ. ÞF™ î¬ôCø‰î ªð‡î¬ôõ˜è÷£ù ü£ùA, Þó£ü£ñE
«ð£¡«ø£˜ ióI‚è îI› ªð‡è«÷ Ýõ˜. «ïî£T Ü¬ñˆî îŸè£Lè ÜóC½‹ «èŠì¡
ô†²I Þ¡Pò¬ñò£Š ªð£ÁŠ¹ õAˆ¶ ðEò£ŸP Þ‰Fò «îCò Þó£µõˆF¡ Éí£è
Þ¼‰î£˜ âQ™ I¬èò£è£¶.
Þó‡ì£‹ àôèŠ«ð£K™ îIö˜:
Þó‡ì£‹ àôèŠ«ð£K¡ «ð£¶ îI› ñ‚è¬÷ ¬õˆ¶Š«ð£ó£®ò «ïî£T¬ò‚ è‡´
ÝƒAôŠ Hóîñ˜ ê˜„C™ «è£ð‹ ªè£‡ì£˜.
“îIö˜èO¡ Þóˆî‹ «ïî£T Í¬÷J™ è†®ò£è àœ÷¶” â¡ø£˜ ê˜„C™, ÜîŸ°
ðF™ ÜOˆî «ïî£T, “Þ‰îˆ îINù‹ î£¡ ÝƒA«ôò¬ó ÜN‚°‹ â¡ø£˜.
ñóí‹ ªðKî¡Á:
1943-&45 Ý‹ Ý‡´èO™ ðFªù†´ îI› Þ¬÷ë˜èœ ÝƒA«ôòó£™
É‚ALìŠð†ìù˜. É‚A™ àJ¬ó M´‹ªð£¿¶ Ãì îI› Þ¬÷ë˜èœ, “õ£›M¡ ªð£¼œ
ªîK‰î£™î£¡ ñQî¡ «ñ™G¬ô Ü¬ìõ£¡. ï£†®Ÿè£è àJ˜ cˆî º¿GôM¬ùŠ«ð£¡ø
Fò£Aèœ º¡¹ ï£ƒèœ ªñ¿°õ˜ˆFî£¡” â¡Á ÃP Þ¡ºèˆ¶ì¡ àJ˜ cˆîù˜.
«ïî£TJ¡ ð£ó£†´:
Þó£µõˆF™ îIö˜èœ ÝŸPò ðE¬ò»‹ ªêŒî Fò£èƒè¬÷»‹ è‡´ Mò‰î
«ïî£T, “ï£¡ ñÁð®»‹ Hø‰î£™ å¼ ªî¡Q‰Fò îIöù£èŠ Hø‚è «õ‡´‹” â¡ø£ó£‹.
«ïî£T«ò Mò‰¶ ð£ó£†´‹ õ‡í‹ ï‹ îIöK¡ Þó£µõŠðE Ü¬ñ‰F¼‰î¶.
º®¾¬ó:
î£òè ïôÂ‚è£è î‹ Þ¡ÂJ¬ó ß‰î ï‹ îIö˜èO¡ ió‹ «ð£ŸÁî½‚°Kò¶.
î‹ Þ¡ÂJ¬óˆ Fò£è‹ ªêŒî ºè‹ ªîKò£î ióˆîIö˜èO¡ Ü˜ŠðEŠ¹ àí˜¬õ»‹,
Ü…ê£î ióˆ¬î»‹, ï£†´ŠðŸ¬ø»‹, â¡ªø¡Á‹ «ð£ŸÁõ«î£´, Þó£µõ ió˜è¬÷»‹
Üõ˜î‹ °´‹ðˆFù¬ó»‹ ñFˆ¶‚è£Šð¶‹, ªðŸø ²î‰Fóˆ¬îŠ «ðµõ¶‹, ðòƒèóõ£î
ê‚Fè¬÷ˆ î´Šð¶‹ ï‹ èì¬ñè÷£°‹.
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TLjy; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjhpf
1. ,uz;lhk; cyfg;nghh; eilbgw;w Mz;L ......
m) 1948 M) 1932 ,) 1942 <) 1952
tpil : ,) 1942
2. ,e;jpa njrpa ,uhQtj;jpy; ....... bgahpy; bgz;fs; gil cUthf;fg;gl;lJ.
m) Kj;Jyl;Rkp M) ePyhk;gpif ,) ts;spak;ik <) $hd;rpuhzp
tpil : M) $hd;rpuhzp
3. jkpH; kf;fs; Jiza[ld; nghuhoa nejh$piaf; fz;L nfhgk; bfhz;l M=;fpyg;
gpujkh; .....
m) rh;r;rpy; M) fpskz;l; ml;yp
,) !;lhd;yp ghy;Ftpd; <) bkf;blhdhy;L
tpil : m) rh;r;rpy;
4. ,e;jpa njrpa ,uhQtk; kzpg;g{h; gFjpapy; bfhonaw;wpa ,lk; ......
m) ,k;ghy; M) ek;nghy; ,) bkha;uh=; <) md;nuh
tpil : ,) bkha;uh=;
FWtpdh
1. ,e;jpa njrpa ,uhQtj;jpy; kfsph; gil Fwpj;J vGJf.
,e;jpa njrpa ,uhQtj;jpy; $hd;rp uhzp bgahpy; bgz;fs; gil cUthf;fg;gl;lJ.
,jd; jiyth; lhf;lh; yl;Rkp vd;w jkpH;g;bgz; Mthh;. ,g;gilapy; jkpH;g; bgz;fs;
bgUkstpy; g=;nfw;whh;fs;. ,jpy; jiyrpwe;j bgz;jiyth;fshd $hdfp/ ,uh$hkzp
nghd;nwhh; tPukpf;f jkpH;g; bgz;fns Mth;. nejh$p mikj;j jw;fhypf murpYk; nfg;ld;
yl;Rkp ,d;wpaikahg; bghWg;g[ tfpj;J gzpahw;wp ,e;jpa njrpa ,uhQtj;jpd; J}zhf
,Ue;jhh; vdpy; kpifahfhJ.
2. kuz jz;lid bgw;w mg;Jy; fhjhpd; fUj;J ahJ>
1943?45 Mk; Mz;Lfspy; gjpbdl;L jkpH; ,is+h;fs; M=;fpy muir vjph;j;j
,e;jpa njrpa ,uhQtj;jpy; gzpahw;wpajhy; J}f;fpyplg;gl;ldh;. J}f;fpy; capiu
tpLk;bghGJ Tl jkpH; ,is+h;fs;/ `thH;tpd; bghUs; bjhpe;jhy;jhd; kdpjd; nky;epiy
milthd;. ehl;ow;fhf caph; ePj;j KGepytpidg;nghd;w jpahfpfs; Kd;g[ eh=;fs;
bkGFth;j;jpjhd;~ vd;W Twp ,d;Kfj;Jld; caph; ePj;jdh;.
3. nejh$p Rgh&; re;jpungh!pd; bghd;bkhHpfs; ahit>
mePjpfSf;Fk; jtwhd bray;fSf;Fk; kdk; xg;g ,lk; jUjy; kpfg;bghpa
Fw;wkhFk;. eP=;fs; ey;thH;itj; je;nj Mf ntz;Lk; vd;gJjhd; fhyj;jhy; kiwahj
rl;lkhFk;. ve;j tpiy bfhLj;jhtJ rkj;Jtj;jpw;Fg; nghuhLtnj kpfr;rpwe;j
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4. kdij kyu itf;Fk; ,s=;fjputdpd; itfiwg; bghGJ ntz;Lkh>

tpLjiyapdhy; cz;lhFk; kfpH;r;rpa[k;/ Rje;jpuj;jpdhy; cz;lhFk; kdepiwt[k;
ntz;Lkh> mg;goahdhy; mjw;F tpiya[z;L. mtw;Wf;fhd tpiy Jd;gKk;
jpahfKk;jhd;.
1. cƒèœ ï£†®Ÿ° àƒèœ ðƒA¬ù ÜO‚è M¼‹¹Al˜è÷£? Þ‰Fò Þó£µõˆF™

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èô‰¶¬óò£´è.
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ñFñ£ø¡ : âù‚°‹ î£¡ äò£!
âN™ : äò£! âù‚°‹î£¡! ªð‡èÀ‹ «êóô£‹ î£«ù äò£!
ÝCKò˜ : â™«ô£¼«ñ «êóô£‹ âN™..
ñE : äò£! ÜîŸè£ù õNº¬øèœ î°Fèœ â¡ù äò£...
ÝCKò˜ : ð¡Qó‡ì£‹ õ°Š¹ «î˜„C ªðŸP¼‚è «õ‡´‹.
(Þ¶ °¬ø‰îð†ê è™Mˆî°F) è™Mˆ î°F‚° ãŸð ðEèœ à‡´.
ñFñ£ø¡ : äò£... àì™ î°Fèœ ðŸP
ñEñ£ø¡ : ï¡° àòóñ£è «õ‡´ñ£?äò£!
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ÝCKò˜ : ªð‡èœ Þó£µõˆF™ «êó ‘¾ñ¡ â¡†K’ àœ÷¶. Üî¡ Íô‹ «êóô£‹.
ñFñ£ø¡ : ãî£õ¶ «î˜¾ â¿î «õ‡´ñ£?
ÝCKò˜ : Ýñ£‹ ñ£ø£! â¡. ®. æ. âùŠð´‹ «î˜¾ â¿î «õ‡´‹.
ñEñ£ø¡ : âŠ«ð£¶ «î˜¾ ïì‚°‹ äò£!
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1890 1899 & eù£†Cò‹¬ñ»ì¡ F¼ñí‹
1900
1902 & ó£ü«ò£è‹ ðJ½î™
1906 & î‰¬î ñ¬ø¾, õƒèŠ HKM¬ù‚° âF˜Š¹
1910
1908 & õ.à.C »ì¡ ðóŠ¹¬ó, C¬ø‚°„ ªê™½î™.
1912 & C¬øJ™ Þ¼‰¶ M´î¬ô
1920 1915 & ñ¬ùM ñóí‹
1916 & Hóð…êIˆFó¡ õ£ó Þî› ªî£ì‚è‹.
1921 & e‡´‹ ¬è¶
1930
1923 & ™ ªî£¿«ï£Œ ÜP°P & C¬øJ™ Þ¼‰¶ M´î¬ô
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ew;wpiz ? (2) (120/123)~~ g[wehD}W ? 6 (24/ 26/313/335/372/396)
Mfpatw;iwg; ghoa[s;shu;.
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ghlypd; bghUs;:
z kJiu khefupny MHkhd/ bjspe;j ePiua[ila mfHp cs;sJ. gy fw;fisf; bfhz;L
fl;lg;gl;l kjpy; thdst[ cau;e;Js;sJ.
z gHikahdJk;/ typik kpf;fJk; bja;tj;jd;ik bghUe;jpaJkhfpa thapy; cs;sJ.
thapy; fjt[fspy; bea; g{rpajhy; fupa epwKk;/ typika[k; cilajha; khwptpl;ld.
z nkf=;fs; cyt[k; kiyKfLfisg; nghy khspiffs; X=;fp cau;e;J cs;sd.
,iltplhJ gha;e;njhLk; itifiag; nghy kf;fs; thapy; tHp brd;W bfhz;nl
,Uf;fpd;wdu;.
z kz;lgk;/ Tlk;/ mLf;fis vd gy;ntW m=;f=;fis cilajha;/ thd;tiu X=;fpa/
bjd;wy; fhw;W ,irj;J EiHa[k; gy rhsu=;fisf; bfhz;l ey; ,y;y=;fs; cs;sd.
z MW nghd;w mfd;w ePz;l bjUf;fspy; kiybadf; Ftpe;J fplf;Fk; bghUs;fis
th=;f te;j kf;fs; ngRk; gy;ntW bkhHpfs; xypf;fpd;w efuk;/
z tpHh gw;wpa Kuriwnthdpd; KHf;fkhdJ. bgU=;fhw;W g[Fe;j flbyhyp nghy;
xypf;fpwJ.
z ,irf;fUtpfis ,af;Ftjhy; cz;lhFk; ,ir/ ePu;epiyfisf; iffspdhy;
File;J tpisahLk; jd;ik nghy vGfpd;wJ.
z ,iriaf; nfl;l kf;fs; bjUf;fspy; Muthuj;njhL MLfpd;wdu;. bgupa bjUf;fspy;
,Uf;Fk; ehs=;fhoa[k;/ my;y=;fhoa[k; Xtpa=;fs; nghyf; fhl;rpaspf;fpd;wd vd;W
kJiuf; fh+;rp/ kJiuapd; bgUikiaf; TWfpwJ.
brhy;Yk; bghUSk; :
kzpePu;f;fpl=;F – bjspe;j ePiua[ila mfHp g[upir – kjpy;
mz=;F – bja;tk; epte;j – cau;e;j
beLepiy – beoathry; (thapy;) rpy;fhw;W – bjd;wy;
g[iH – rhsuk; khfhy; – bgU=;fhw;W
Ke;ePu; – fly; giz – KuR
fak; – ePu;epiy Xt[ – Xtpak;
epakk; – m=;fho
,UbgU epakk; – ehs=;fho my;y=;fho.
fypbfhs; Rk;ik – kfpH;r;rp Muthu Xir
X=;fpa – bgabur;rk; epiy,a – brhy;ypir msbgil
FHhmj;J – bra;a[spir msbgil thapy; – ,yf;fzg; nghyp
kh fhy; – chpr;brhy; bjhlu; KH=;fpir – tpidj;bjhif
,kpHpir – tpidj;bjhif beLepiy – gz;g[j;bjhif
Ke;ePu; – gz;g[j;bjhif fple;jd;d – ctk cUg[
kfpH;e;njhu; – www.tnpscjob.com
tpidahyiza[ k; bgau;
MH;e;j ? MH; + j; (e;) + j; + m X=;fpa ? X=;F + ,d; + a;; + m
MH; -? gFjp/ x=;F ? gFjp/
j; ? re;jp/ ,d; ? ,we;j fhy ,ilepiy/
e; ? MdJ tpfhuk;/ a; ? cld;gL bka; re;jp/
j; ? ,we;j fhy ,ilepiy m ? bgabur;r tpFjp
m ? bgabur;rtpFjp
kfpH;e;njhu; ? kfpH; + j; (e;) + j; + Xu; vGe;J ? vG + j; (e;) + j; + c
kfpH; ? gFjp/ vG ? gFjp/
j; ? re;jp j; ? re;jp
e; ? MdJ tpfhuk;/ e; ? MdJ tpfhuk;
j; ? ,we;j fhy ,ilepiy j; ? ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy
Xh; ? gyh;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp c ? tpidbar;r tpFjp
@H;fp ? @H;F + ,
@H;F ? gFjp/
, ? tpidbar;r tpFjp.
ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs;
FWtpdh
1. kJiuf; fh+;rp - bgah;f;fhuzj;ijf; Fwpg;gpLf.
z fh+;rp vd;why; epiyahik vd;W bghUs;. “kJiu” efiuf; Fwpf;Fk;.
z kJiu efhpd; rpwg;g[fisg; ghLtjhYk;/ epiyahikiag; gw;wpaf; fUj;Jfisf;
TWtjhYk;/ ,g;bgah; bgw;wJ.
rpWtpdh
1. “khfhy; vLj;j Ke;ePh; nghy” - ,l+;Rl;o bghUs; tpsf;Ff.
,lk; :
kh=;Fo kUjdhh; ,aw;wpa kJiuf; fh+;rp vd;Dk; E}ypy; ,lk; bgw;Ws;sJ.
bghUs; :
kJiuapd; ts=;fisa[k;/ tpHhf;fisa[k; gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLk; nghJ g[yth;
,t;thW Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;.
tpsf;fk;:
MW nghd;w bjUf;fspy; gy;ntW bghUs;fis th=;f te;j gy;ntW bkhHp
ngRk; kf;fspd; xypnahL tpHhf;fs; gw;wpa mwptpg;g[fs; xypf;fpd;wd. “Kuriwnthhpd;
KHf;fk;/ bgU=;fhw;W g[Fe;j flbyhyp nghy;” xypf;fpwJ. ,jidna “khfhy; vLj;j
Ke;ePh; nghy” vd;whh; kh=;Fo kUjdhh; .
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TLjy; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjhpf
1. MH;e;j kzpePu; fpl=;fpd; ? kzpePu; fpl=;F vd;gJ ahJ>
m) kzy; M) fly; ,) mfHp <) MW
tpil : ,) mfHp
2. kJiuf;fh+;rp E}ypd; bkhj;j mofs; vj;jid>
m) 732 M) 752 ,) 782 <) 792
tpil : ,) 782
3. kJiuf;fh+;rp E}y; kJiu efupd; rpwg;g[fis vj;jid mofspy; bgUikg;gLj;jp cs;sJ>
m) 254 M) 284 ,) 324 <) 354
tpil : <) 354
4. bghUj;Jf:
m) g[iH ? 1. ePu;epiy
M) gid ? 2. Xtpak;
,) fak; ? 3. KuR
<) Xt[ ? 4. rhsuk;
tpil : m) 4 M) 3 ,) 1 <) 2
5. FHhmj;J ? vt;tif msbgil>
m) brhy;ypir msbgil M) ,d;dpir msbgil
,) bra;a[spir msbgil <) ,aw;if msbgil
tpil : ,) bra;as[ pir msbgil
6. MW fple;jd;d mfy; beLe;bjU cs;s efuk; vJ>
m) j+;rht{h; M) brd;id ,) kJiu <) Krpwp
tpil: ,) kJiu
7. kJiuf;fh+;rp ghoatu; ahu;>
m) fgpyu; M) guzu; ,) Xuk;nghfpahh; <) kh=;Fo kUjdhh;
tpil : <) kh=;Fo kUjdhu;
8. kh=;Fo kUjdhu; vl;Lj; bjhifapy; ................ ghly;fisg; ghoa[s;shu;.
m) 11 M) 12 ,) 13; <) 14
tpil : ,) gjpd;@d;W
9. kJiuf;fh+;rp E}ypd; ghl;Lilj; jiytu; ................
m) jiyahy=;fhdj;J brUbtd;w ghz;oad;
M) fps;sptstd;
,) btw;wpntw;brHpad;
<) beL+;brHpad; tpil : m) jiyahy=;fhdj;J brUbtd;w ghz;oad;
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10. fh+;rp vd;w brhy;ypd; bghUs; ................ MFk;.

m) cz;zhik M) mHpahik
,) ,y;yhik <) epiyahik tpil : <) epiyahik
11. khfhy; ? ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;g[ ahJ>
,) bjhHpw;bgah; <) chpr;brhy; bjhlu;
tpil : <) cupr;brhy; bjhlu;
FWtpdh
1. kh=;Fo kUjdhu; ? Fwpg;g[ tiuf.
kJiuf;fh+;;rpiag; ghoatu; kh=;Fo kUjdhu;. jpUbey;ntyp khtl;lj;jpy; cs;s
kh=;Fo vd;Dk; Cupy; gpwe;jtu;. vl;Lj;bjhifapy; gjpd;@d;W ghly;fisg; ghoa[s;shu;.
rpWtpdh
1. kJiuf;fh+;rp Fwpg;g[ tiuf.
z gj;Jg;ghl;L E}y;fSs; xd;W.
z kJiuapd; rpwg;g[fisg; ghLtjhYk; epiyahikj; jj;Jtj;ijf; TWtjhYk;
kJiuf;fh+;rp vdg; bgau;.
z ,e;E}y; 782 mofis cilaJ.
z ,e;E}iy ,aw;wpatu; kh=;Fo kUjdhu; Mthu;.
z ,e;E}ypd; ghl;Lilj;jiytd; jiyahy=;fhdj;Jr; brUbtd;w ghz;oad;.
beLtpdh
1. kJiu khefupd; mHif kh=;Fo kUjdhupd; tHp tpsf;Ff.
Kd;Diu:
kJiuiar; rpwg;gpj;Jg; ghoa[s;s E}y;fSs; gjpbdz; nkw;fzf;fpy;;/ kJiuf;fh+;rp
Kjd;ikahdJ. ,e;E}ypy; kJiu khefh; kf;fspd; thH;tplk;/ nfhl;il bfhj;jsk;/
me;efhpy; epfGk; jpUtpHhf;fs;/ gytifg; gs;spfs;/ ehw;bgU=;FG/ me;jp tzpfk; Mfpa
fhl;rpfs; ftpj;Jtkha; tphpe;Js;sd.
kJiuapd; rpwg;g[fs;:
khefupy; MHkhd bjspe;j ePiua[ila mfHp cs;sJ. gy fw;fisf; bfhz;L
fl;lg;gl;l kjpy; thdst[ cau;e;Js;sJ. giHikahdJk; typik kpf;fJk; bja;tj;jd;ik
bghUe;jpaJkhfpa thapy; cs;sJ. mt;thapy; bea; g{rpajhy; fUikaile;j typikahd
fjt[fis cilaJ. nkf=;fs; cyht[k; kiynghy; khspiffs; cau;e;J cs;sd. ,iltplhJ
XLfpd;w itia Mw;iwg; nghy kf;fs; vg;nghJk; thapy;fs; tHpr; bry;fpd;wdu;.
kz;lgk;/ Tlk;/ mLf;fis vdg; gy;ntW gpupt[fisf; bfhz;L thd;tiu X=;fpa
bjd;wy; fhw;W ,irf;Fk; .gy rhsu=;fisa[ila ey;y ,y;y=;fs; cs;sd. MW nghd;w
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mfykhd ePz;l bjUf;fspy; bghUs;fis th=;f te;j kf;fs; ngRk; gy;ntW bkhHpfs;
xypf;fpd;wd. tpHh gw;wpa Kuriwnthupd; KHf;fk; bgU=;fhw;W g[Fe;j flbyhyp nghy;
xypf;fpwJ. ,irf;fUtpfis ,af;Ftjhy; cz;lhFk; ,ir/ ePu;epiyfisf; ifahy;
File;J tpisahLk; jd;ik nghy vGfpwJ. mjidf; nfl;l kf;fs; bjUf;fspy;
Muthuj;njhL MLfpd;wdu;. bgupa bjUf;fspy; ,Uf;Fk; ehs=;fhoa[k; my;y=;fhoa[k;
Xtpa=;fs; nghyf; fhl;rpaspf;fpd;wd.
Kot[iu :
fhiy bjhl=;fp kWehs; tpoay;tiuapy; efuj;ijr; Rw;wpte;J fz;Qw;wij
Kiwg;gLj;jpf; TWtjhf ,g;ghly; mike;Js;sJ.

1. Cupd; bgau;f;fhuzk; vGjp tFg;giwapy; fye;JiuahLf.
fye;JiuahLgtu;fs;: bry;td;/ fps;is/ kJ.
,d;W ehk; tFg;gpy; kJiuiag; gw;wp gy mupa bra;jpfs; mwpe;J bfhz;nlhk;. mJ nghy;
v=;fs; CUf;Fk; bgau; Vw;gl fhuz=;fs; cz;L. ehk; fye;Jiuaho bjupe;J bfhs;nthkh-
bry;td; : kJ/ fps;is ehd; Kjypy; brhy;yl;Lkh.
kJ : brhy; bry;th- cd; Cu; <nuhL jhnd.
bry;td; : Mk;/ <nuhL vd;W Vd; bgau; te;jJ bjupa[kh .......
Ju;thr Kdptupd; rhgj;Jf;F Mshd jpUkhypd; thapy; fhg;nghdhfpa ijgu;
vd;gtupd; jiy XL ehd;fhfg; gpst[gl;ljhk;. mjpy; bgupa XL tPH;e;j
,lk; ngnuhL vd;Wk;/ rpwpa XL tpGe;j ,lk; rpj;njhL vd;Wk;/ bts;is
XL tpGe;j ,lk; bts;nshL vd;Wk;/ <u XL tpGe;j ,lk; <nuhL vd;Wk;
bgau; bgw;wjhk;. rpj;njhL/ ngnuhL/ bts;nshL Mfpa Cu;fs; <nuhl;ow;F
mUfpny cs;sd.
fps;is : mg;goahlh Mr;rupakhf ,Uf;fpwnj........
rup bry;td; v=;fs; brhe;j Cu; J}j;Jf;Fo. mjd; bgau;f;fhuzk; vd;d
bjupa[kh>
J}u;j;J + Fo. `J}u;j;J~ vd;gjd; bghUs; `flypy; ,Ue;J cUkhwp te;j epyk;~
vd;gJ MFk;. `Fo~ vd;gjw;F `Foaku;jy;~ vd;W bghUs;. flypy; ,Ue;J
cUkhwp kf;fs; thHj; jFk; efuhf khwpajhy; `J}j;Jf;Fo~ vdg; bgau;
bgw;wjhk;.
kJ : v=;fs; Cu; brd;idapy; cs;s g{tpUe;jty;yp MFk;. mjw;F Vd; mg;bgau;
te;jJ bjupa[kh>
ky;ypifg;g{f;fs; (brofs;) mjpf mstpy; gapuplg;gl;l gFjp ,J.
,t;tplj;ij rk!;fpUjj;jpy; `g[&;gfty;yp~ vd;Wk;/ jkpHpy; `g{tpUe;jty;yp~
vd;Wk; tH=;fpdu;. ehsiltpy;/ g{e;jky;ypahf khwptpl;lJ.
ehk; @tUk; ek; Cupd; bgau;f;fhuzj;ij mwpe;J itj;jpUf;fpnwhk; kfpH;r;rpahf
cs;sJ my;yth>
(khztu;fns c=;fs; Cupd; bgau;f;fhuzj;ija[k; mwpe;J bfhs;S=;fs;)
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2. jkpH;j;jhapd; Mzpnth; Jsph;j;j ,lk; kJiu. ,uz;lhapuk; Mz;LfSf;Fk; nkw;gl;l

tuyhw;iwf; bfhz;l cyfpd; bjhd;ik efu=;fspy; xd;W kJiu. me;efuj;jpy; ,aYk;
,ira[k; ehlfKk; bgh=;fpg; bgUfpd ? ,j;bjhlh;fSf;F typik nrh;f;Fk; tifapy;
fUj;Jfisj; jpul;o Ie;J kzpj;Jspfs; ngRf.
kJiuapd; rpwg;g[fs; (nkilg; ngr;R)
z ,e;jpa Jizf;fz;lj;jpy; kpft[k; bjhd;ikahd tuyhw;iwf; bfhz;l efuk; kJiu
MFk;. jkpH;j;jhapd; Mzpntu; Jspu;j;j ,lk;. 2500 Mz;LfSf;F nkyhd gHk;
bgUik tha;e;jJ. fp.K 4 Kjy; fp.gp 2Mk; E}w;whz;L tiuapyhd fhyk; r=;ffhyk;.
,f;fhyj;jpy; jkpH; mwp+u;fisf; bfhz;L @d;whk; jkpH;r;r=;fk; mikj;J jkpiH
tsu;j;j bgUika[ila efuk;.
z bfsoy;au;/ bkf!;jdp!; Mfpnahupd; Fwpg;g[fspYk; kJiu bgUik bgWfpwJ.
z kug[r;rpd;dkhf kjpf;fg;gLk; kJiu gy;ntW fhyf;fl;l=;fspy; gy;ntW
Ml;rpahsu;fshy; Msg;gl;l efukhFk;.
z r=;ffhyg; ghz;oau;/ ,ilf;fhyr;nrhHu;/ gpw;fhyr; nrhHu;/ gpw;fhyg;ghz;oau;/ kJiu
Ry;jhd;/ tp$aefug;nguuR/ kJiu ehaf;fu;fs;/ fu;ehlf ,uhr;rpak;/ M=;fpnyau;fs;
nghd;nwhu; Mz;Ls;sdu;.
z gy tuyhw;W epidtpl=;fisf; bfhz;oUe;j nghjpYk; kPdhl;rpak;kd; nfhtpYk;.
jpUkiy ehaf;fu; muz;kida[k; g[fH; bgw;wit. rpj;jpiuj; jpUtpHht[k;/ kPdhl;rp
mk;kd; jpUf;fy;ahzKk; ,e;efupd;; g[fH;bgw;w jpUtpHhf;fs; MFk;. rpj;jpiuj;
jpUtpHhtpy; mHfu; itif Mw;wpy; ,w=;FtJ rpwg;g[ epfH;thFk;.
z bgh=;fy; jpUehspy; efupd; mUfpy; cs;s mtdpahg[uk;/ ghynkL/ my=;fhey;Y}u;
Mfpa ,l=;fspy; eilbgWk; VWjGt[jy; epfH;t[k; bgau; bgw;wJ MFk;.
z ,e;efuk; Tly;/ ky;ypif khefu;/ ehd;khlf; Tly;/ jpU Mytha; nghd;w bgau;fshYk;
miHf;fg;gLfpwJ.
z 7k; E}w;whz;oy; gu+;nrhjp Kdptuhy; ,aw;wg;gl;l jpUtpisahlw;g[uhzj;jpYk;
kJiuapd; rpwg;g[g; bgau;fs;/ bgUikfs; gl;oay; ,lg;gl;Ls;sd. rhzf;fpau;
vGjpa mu;j;j rh!;jpuj;jpYk; kJiu gw;wpa Fwpg;g[fs; cs;sd.
z ew;wpiz/ jpUKUfhw;Wg;gil/ kJiuf;fh+;rp/ gjpw;Wg;gj;J/ gupghly;/ fypj;bjhif/
g[wehD}W/ mfehD}W rpWghzhw;Wg;gil/ rpyg;gjpfhuk; nghd;w midj;J
,yf;fpa=;fspYk; kJiuapd; bgUik ngrg;gLfpwJ.
z rpyg;gjpfhuk; @yk; kJiuapy; ,aYk;/ ,ira[k; bgh=;fpg; bgUfpaJ vd;gij
czuyhk;. ,t;thW kJiuapd; bgUik tuyhw;W rpwg;g[ vd ngrpf; bfhz;nl
nghfyhk;. mjw;F Kont ,uhJ.
ed;wp - tzf;fk;.

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tphpthdk;
Þò™
ã¿ re;ij
ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs;
FWtpdh
1. c=;fs; Chpy; cw;gj;jpahFk; bghUs;fisa[k; re;ijapy; fhQk; bghUs;fisa[k; xg;gpl;L
vGJf.
cw;gj;jpahFk; bghUs; :
kdpjh;fs; ehnlhoahf/ ntl;ilaho fpilj;j czit cz;ldh;. gpd;dhspy;
ehy;tif epy=;fspy; cw;gj;jp bgUfpaJ. fha;fwp/ fPiu/ jhdpak; Mfpatw;iw cw;gj;jp
bra;jdh;.
re;ijapy; fhQk; bghUs;:
cHth;fs; cw;gj;jp bra;j bghUs;fis tpw;ft[k;/ khw;Wg;bghUis th=;ft[k;
Kr;re;jp/ ehw;re;jp vd kf;fs; TLk; ,l=;fspy; fil tphpj;Jg; bghJ tzpfkhf;fpdh;.
beLtpdh
1. v=;fs; Ch; re;ij vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; ehspjH; bra;jp xd;iw vGJf.
ehspjH; bra;jp
khD}h; re;ijapd; g[fH;:
$^d; 16 ? ek; kf;fspd; tzpf Kiwfspy; xd;W re;ij/ jpdrhp re;ij/ thur; re;ij
vd ,uz;L cz;L. v=;fs; Chpy; thur; re;ijjhd; thuj;jpy; xU ehs; [rdpf;fpHik] kl;Lk;
TLk;. v=;fs; Ch; re;ijapy; vk; fpuhkj;jpYk;/ gf;fj;J fpuhk=;fspYk; tpisa[k; fha;fwp/
fPiu/ jhdpa tiffs; tpw;gidf;F tUk;. gf;fj;J kiyg;gFjpapy; ,Ue;J kpsF/ ky;yp/
rPufk; bfhz;L te;J tpw;gid bra;thh;fs;.
fha;fwpfs;/ jhdpatiffs;/ kspifg; bghUl;fs;/ jpd;gz;l=;fs; <ak;/ kz;/ ,Uk;g[
ghj;jpu=;fs; njhl;l ntiy bra;tjw;F chpa fisf;bfhj;jp/ kz;btl;o/ nkYk; Jzp
kzp tiffs; vd midj;Jk; vk; Ch; re;ijapy; th=;fyhk;.
E}w;Wf;fzf;fhd fpuhk kf;fSf;F neh;ikahd tpiyapy; midj;Jk; fpilf;Fk;.
vd; jhj;jh rpW tajpy; re;ijf;Fr; bry;Yk; bghGJ jpUtpHhtpw;Fg; nghtJ nghy;
kfpH;r;rpaha;r; bry;thuhk;. Vbddpy; mf;fhyj;jpy; fiHf;Tj;J/ bghk;kyhl;lk; Tl
re;ijbtspapy; cz;lhk;.
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v=;fs; Ch;re;ijapny ML/ khL th=;Ftij epidr;rhny ntof;ifah ,Uf;Fk;.

Jz;ilg; nghl;L iffis kiwr;R tpiyngRtJ xU gf;fk;/ gy;/ thy;/ bfhk;igg;
ghh;j;J tpiy ngRtJ vd xt;bthUtUk; xt;bthU cj;jpiaf; ifahs;th; re;ij tpw;Fk;
th=;Fk; tzpfj;jsk; kl;Lky;y/ cwt[fSf;F capql;Lk; ,lkhft[k; ,Uf;Fk;.
th=;f- th=;f- vd fy;ahz tPL nghy tuntw;W eyk; tprhhpj;j gpd;g[jhd; tpahghuk;
bjhl=;Fk;.
vk; Ch; re;ijapy; tpahghhpf;Fk; thof;ifahsUf;Fkhd cwt[ vd;gJ btWknd

bghUis tpw;W th=;Fk; cwthf kl;Lk; ,Ug;gjy;y. re;ijapy; gHfpath;fs; rk;ge;jpahd
fijfSk; cz;L.
re;ijapd; rhjhuz tprhhpg;g[fspYk; nerk; cz;L. neh;ik cz;L.
eP=;fSk; xUKiw v=;fs; re;ijf;F te;Jjhd; ghU=;fnsd;.
TLjy; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjhpf
1. khl;Lj;jhtzp vd;Dk; brhy;ypy; jhtzp vd;gjd; bghUs; _______
m) Ee;ij M) re;ij ,) Tl;lk; <) bjhGtk;
tpil : M) re;ij
2. Tw;W 1: re;ijapy; tzpfk; kl;Lk; my;yhJ th=;Fgtupd; kdepiwt[k; ngzg;gl;lJ.
Tw;W 2 : gfypy; bray;gLk; m=;fho my;y=;fho
Tw;W 3 : ehfu;nfhtpy; njhthis g{r;re;ijahFk; ? ,tw;Ws; rupahd Tw;W vit>
tpil : Tw;W 1/ 3 rupahdit
3. g[fH;bgw;w nghr;rk;gs;spr; re;ij vk;khtl;lj;jpy; cs;sJ>
m) fpU&;zfphp M) jh;kg[hp
,) flY}h; <) j+;rht{h; tpil : m) fpU&;zfphp
FWtpdh
1. ehs=;fho/ my;y=;fho ? ntWgLj;Jf.
z gfypy; bray;gLk; filtPjpfis èhs=;fho~ vd;Wk;
z ,utpy; bray;gLk; filtPjpfis `my;y=;fho~ vd;Wk; TWtu;.
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rpWtpdh
1. re;ijf;Fk; gy;bghUs; m=;fhof;Fk; cs;s ntWghLfisg; gl;oaypLf.
re;ij gy;bghUs; m=;fho
fpuhkj;J kf;fs; j=;fSila epyj;jpy; bghUs;fis cw;gj;jp bra;fpwtd; xUtd;.
tpisa[k; bghUs;fisj; jh=;fns tpw;gidahsd; ntW xUtd;.
tpw;gid bra;th;.
,ilj;jufUf;F ntiy ,y;iy. ,=;F/ bghUs; bfhs;Kjy; bra;J ju
Fspql;lg;gl;l miw ,y;iy. ,ilj;jufh; cz;L. Fspql;lg;gl;l miw.
tpw;fpwtDk;/ th=;FfpwtDk; Xh; tpiyia tpw;gtnd Kot[ bra;J tpw;fpwhd;.
cld;ghl;Lf;F te;jhy; mJnt tpiy.
re;ijapy; rj;jk; ,Uf;Fk;. ,=;F kf;fs; ngrpf; bfhs;tJk; ,ae;jpu=;fspd;

tprhhpg;g[fSf;F kj;jpapy; Xh; cwt[f;fk;gp XirfSk; nghpiur;riy Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wd.
,iHnahLk;. FHe;ijfSf;Fj; jf;fhsp FHe;ijfs; ve;jg; bghUisa[k; bjhlf;TlhJ.
nful; bfhLj;J kfpH;th;
2. nghr;rk;gs;spr; re;ij ? Fwpg;g[ tiuf.

fpU&;zfpup khtl;lk;/ nghr;rk;gs;spr; re;ij 18 Vf;fu; gug;gpy; vl;lhapuk;
filfSld; ,d;Wk; +hapw;Wf;fpHikfspy; TLfpwJ. gy Cu;fisr; nru;e;j kf;fs;/
jf;fhsp Kjy; j=;fk; tiu th=;Ftjw;Ff; TLfpwhu;fs;. tpw;gtUk; th=;FgtUk;
cwt[fshg; ngrp kfpGk; Muthuk; m=;nf xypf;fpwJ. 125 Mz;Lfs; tajhd mr;re;ijapy;
ehd;F jiyKiw el;g[ epyt[fpwJ. fyg;glkpy;yhj bghUs;fis tUtha; nehf;fpd;wp
mr;re;ij ,d;Wk; tpw;gid bra;fpwJ.
3. jkpHfj;jpy; re;ijf;Fg; bgau; bgw;w Cu;fisg; gl;oaypLf.
z kzg;ghiw ? khl;Lr;re;ij
z ma;aY}u; ? Ml;Lr;re;ij
z xl;ld;rj;jpuk; ? fha;fwpr;re;ij
z ehfu;nfhtpy; njhthis ? g{r;re;ij
z <nuhL ? $t[spr;re;ij
z flY}u;/ fhuhkzp Fg;gk; ? fUthl;Lr; re;ij
z ehfg;gl;odk; ? kPd; re;ij
1. re;ij epfH;t[fis ehlfkhf eoj;Jf; fhl;Lf.

ehlfk;
neuk; : fhiy
cWg;gpdu; : jhj;jh/ fPu;j;jp/ Fkud;/www.tnpscjob.com
jhj;jhtpd; ez;gu;
fhl;rp ? 1
jh.ez;gu; : th=;f- th=;f- vd;d ngud; ngj;jpnahnl tuPf-
jhj;jh : Mkh Mkh ...... Cu;y ,Ue;J te;jpUf;fhf. m=;bfy;yhk; `khy;~ ngha;
gHFdt=;f....tpj;jpahrkh ,Uf;fl;LnkD Tl;ol;L te;njd;.
jh.ez;gu; : X ..... mg;goah ..... rup rup ....
ehd; bghUs;fs; vy;yhk; th=;fp tpl;nld;. eP=;f rPf;fpuk; ngh=;f bfh+;r
neuj;Jy Tl;lk; miynkhJk;.
fhl;rp ? 2
(jhj;jh/ fPu;j;jp/ Fkud;)
Fkud; : vd;d jhj;jh Tl;lk; miynkhJkh vd;d>
jhj;jh : Mkhk; Fkuh- Rw;wp cs;s mj;jd $dKk; ,e;j re;ijf;Fj; jhd; tUthf.....
fPu;j;jp : mg;gobad;d jhj;jh ,e;j re;ijapy tpnr&k;.

jhj;jh : ,e;j re;ijapny fpilf;fhj bghUns fpilahJ. ..... fLF/ rPufj;Jy
,Ue;J/ kz;ghid/ mYkpdpag;ghid/ g{/ gHk;/ ,Uk;g[g;bghUs;/
Jzpkzpd;D vd;bdd;d cz;nlh midj;Jk; th=;fyhk;.
Fkud; tpiy vy;yhk; vg;goj; jhj;jh ,Uf;Fk;>
jhj;jh fz;Q ..... fpuhkj;J re;ijapy/ cw;gj;jpahsd; jhd; tpw;gidahsd;. gpw
CUf;F mDg;g[tJ/ ,ilj; jufu;fs;/ Fspql;lg;gl;l miw vd;W ve;jf;
TLjy; bryt[k; fpilahJ. cw;gj;jpahsnu jUtjhy; rupahd tpiyf;Ff;
fpilf;Fk;.
fPu;j;jp : jhj;jh ....... mnjh me;jg;gf;fk; nfhHp/ ML/ khLk;/ ,Uf;F
jhj;jh : Mkhk;kh..... cHtu;fs; j=;fs; tPLfspy; tsu;f;fpd;w nfhHp/ nfhHpf;F+;R/
ML/ khLfisf; Tl;o te;J tpiy Twp tpw;gu;. fhy;eilfis tsu;j;J
tpw;gJk; rpyUf;fhd bjhHpy; .......
,UtUk; : re;ijiag; gw;wpf; nfl;fnt Mirah ,Uf;F jhj;jh. ,dp eh=;fs; CUf;F
tUk; nghbjy;yhk;/ re;ij TLk; ehspy; v=;fis miHj;J th=;f jhj;jh-
rupah-.
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2. re;ij/m=;fhoapy; cs;s bghUs;fSf;fhd tpiyg;gl;oay; vGjpa tpsk;gug;gjhif

xd;iw cUthf;Ff.
``Kj;J kspif~~
junk epue;juk;
tpiyg;gl;oay;
bghUs;fs; tpiy (`)
muprp 1 fpnyh 55
J.gUg;g[ 1 fpnyh 75
c.gUg;g[ 1 fpnyh 80
f.gUg;g[ 1 fpnyh 70
nrhg;g[j;J}s; (ryitj;J}s;) 1 fpnyh 80
nj.vz;bza; 1 yp 200
e.vz;bza; 1 yp 200
f.vz;bza; 1yp 180
ehl;Lr; ru;f;fiu 1fp 60
ehl;Lf; nfhHp Kl;il 1 10
fLF 1 fpnyh 100
rPufk; 1 fpnyh 100
kpsF 1 fpnyh 400
bte;jak; 1 fpnyh 300
fk;g[ 1 fpnyh 60
nrhsk; 1 fpnyh 55
ru;f;fiu (rPdp) 45
``jukhd bghUl;fs; Fwpj;j neuj;jpy; rupahd tpiyapy; c=;fs; ,y;yj;jpw;nf bfhz;L tUfpnwhk;.
cupik : Kj;J kspif

3. rpW tzpfu; xUtuplk; neu;fhzy; bra;f.
v.fh: re;ijg; bghUs;fs; kPjkhdhy; vd;d bra;tPh;fs;>
,lk; : fil tPjp
rpWtzpfu; : ehfuh$d;. fh.
neu;fhz;gtu; : mkpH;jd;
mkpH; : Iah- j=;fs; bgau; vd;d>

tzpfu; : vd; bgau; ehfuh$d;.
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mkpH; : vj;jid Mz;Lfshf ,e;j ,lj;jpy; tzpfk; bra;fpwPu;fs;>

tzpfu; : gj;J Mz;Lfs; Koe;J nghapUr;R.
mkpH; : vd;bdd;d bghUs;fs; itj;J tzpfk; bra;fpwPu;fs;>
tzpfu; : nj=;fha;/fPiu tiffs;/ fj;jpupf;fha;/ btz;ilf;fha;/ jf;fhsp nghd;w
fwpfha; tiffs;.
mkpH; : Iah- ,itbay;yhk; c=;fs; njhl;lj;jpy; tpise;jjh>
tzpfu; : ,y;iy jk;gp- vdf;Fj; njhl;lk; Jubty;yhk; fpilahJ. gf;fj;J
fpuhkj;Jf;Ff; fhiyapnyna nghap/ njhl;lf;fhu=;ffpl;l neuoah
th=;fpl;L tUntd;......
mkpH; : c=;fSf;Fg; nghJkhd tUkhdk; tUjh Iah>
tzpfu; : v=;f jk;gp/ nghl;l fhr vLj;jhny nghJk; .... rpy ehs; mJ Tl fpilf;fhJ.
mkpH; : Vd; Iah- re;ij/ jpdrup re;ij ,g;go v=;fhtJ ngha; tpw;fyhk; my;yth-
tzpfu; : m=;bfy;yhk; bgupa/ bgupa tzpfU=;f ,Ug;gh=;f. fil thliff;Fg;

gpof;fQk; tup FLf;fQk; mbjy;yhk; fl;Lg;goahfhJ mg;gh.....
mkpH; : Iah- ,e;jf; fha;fwp/ fPiu vy;yhk; kp+;rpg;nghdh vd;d gz;QtP=;f>
tzpfu; : rha[=;fhyk; tiu ghj;Jl;L tpiyiaf; bfh+;rk; Fiwr;Rf; FLg;ngd;.
,y;yd;dh bjup+;r n\hl;ly; filfs;. ntw kspiff; filapy
bfhLj;JUntd; jk;gp .....
mkpH; : rup Iah- nfl;l nfs;tpf;F vy;yhk; bghWikaha;g; gjpy; brhd;dP=;f.
c=;f tzpfk; tsu thH;j;Jfs; Iah
ed;wp-
4. ``fld; md;ig Kwpf;Fk;~~ ,J nghd;w brhw;bwhlh;fisf; filfs;/ gy;bghUs; m=;fhofs;/
re;ijfspy; ghh;j;J vGJf.
z fld; md;ig Kwpf;Fk;.
z fld; fpilahJ.
z fld; el;g[f;Fg; gif.
z fld; glhnj fy=;fp epy;yhnj.
z fld; nfl;fhjPu;.
z cdf;Ff; fld; je;jhy; vd; fld; milf;f ,ayhJ.
z fldhsp Mfhnj. vd;ida[k; fldhsp Mf;fhnj.

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fw;fz;L
Þò™
ã¿ MFbgah;
ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs;
rpWtpdh
1. îŸ°PŠ«ðŸø ÜE¬ò„ ê£¡Áì¡ M÷‚°è.
mzp tpsf;fk;:
,ay;ghf epfGk; epfH;r;rpapd; kPJ ftp+h; jk; Fwpg;gpid Vw;wpf;TWtJ
jw;Fwpg;ngw;w mzp. (jd; + Fwpg;g[ + Vw;wk; + mzp)
v.fh:
ms;sy; gHdj;J muf;fhk;gy; thatpH
bts;sk;jPg; gl;l(J) vdbthP,g;g[ d;spdk;jk;
ifr;rpwfhy; ghh;g;bghLf;Fk; ft;it cilj;jnuh
er;rpiynty; nfhf;nfhij ehL.
mzpg; bghUj;jk;:
nrWgl;l/ ePh;tsk; kpFe;j tay; gFjpfspy;/ bgha;iffspy; brt;thk;gy; kyh;
tphptJ ,ay;ghd epfH;t[. ,ijf; fz;l ePh;g;gwitfs; bts;sj;jpy; jPg;gpoj;J tpl;ljhf
vz;zpajhf ftp+h; jd; Fwpg;gpid Vw;wpf; Twpajhy; jw;Fwpg;ngw;w mzp Mapw;W.
2. gz;ghF bgah;/ bjhHpyhFbgah; ? tpsf;Ff.

gz;ghF bgah;:
`k+;rs; g{rpdhs;~
`k+;rs;~ vd;Dk; gz;g[/ mt;tz;zj;jpy; cs;s fpH=;Ff;F Mfp te;Js;sJ.
bjhHpyhF bgah;:
`tw;wy; jpd;whd;~
`tw;wy;~ vd;Dk; bjhHpw;bgah; tw;wpa czt[g; bghUSf;F Mfpte;Js;sJ.
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TLjy; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjhpf
1. fhh; mWj;jhd; ? vt;tif MFbgah;>
m) bghUshF bgah; M) rpidahF bgah;
,) fhythF bgah; <) fUtpahF bgah;
tpil: ,) fhythF bgah;
m) tFg;giw rphpj;jJ ? 1. vz;zysit MFbgah;
M) k+;rs; g{rpdhs; ? 2. fhhpathFbgah;
,) ig=;TH; tsh;e;jJ ? 3. gz;ghFbgah;
<) xd;W bgw;why; xspkak; ? 4. ,lthFbgah;
i) 4 3 2 1 ii) 3 2 1 4 iii) 4 2 1 3 iv) 3 1 2 4
tpil: i) 4 3 2 1
rpWtpdh
1. MFbgau; vd;why; vd;d> mjd; tiffs; vj;jid>
z xd;wpd; ,aw;bgau; mjndhL bjhlu;g[ila kw;bwhd;wpw;Fj; bjhd;W bjhl;L Mfp
tUtJ MFbgau; MFk;.
z bjhy;fhg;gpau; MFbgau;fs; VG tifg;gLk; vdt[k;/ ed;D}yhh; gjpide;J vdt[k;
tFj;Js;sdu;.
1) MFbgaiuf; fz;lwpf.
m) jkpHurp ts;Stiu Xtpakhf tiue;jhs;. bjhHpyhF bgau;
jkpHurp ts;Stiug; goj;jhs;. fUj;jhthF bgau;
M) khkhtpd; tUiff;F tPnl kfpH;fpwJ. ,lthF bgau;
ehLk; tPLk; ekjpU fz;fs;. rpidahF bgau;
,) fiyr;bry;tp gr;ir epw Milia cLj;jpdhs;. bjhHpyhF bgau;
fiyr;bry;tp gr;ir cLj;jpdhs;. bghUshF bgau; (KjyhF bgau;)
<) ehYk; ,uz;Lk; brhy;Yf;F cWjp. vz;zysitahF bgau;
ehyo ehD}Wk; ,uz;loj; jpUf;FwSk; thH;t[f;F cWjp jUk;.
fhupathFbgau;
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; c) +hapw;iw cyfk; Rw;wp tUfpwJ. bjhHpyhFbgau;

eP=;fs; TWtij cyfk; Vw;Fkh. ,lthFbgau;
2. MFbgau; mika[khW bjhlu;fis khw;wp vGJf.
m) kJiu kf;fs; ,utpYk; tzpfk; bra;fpd;wdu;.
kJiuapy; ,ut[ tzpfk; cz;L.
M) ,e;jpa tPuu;fs; vspjpy; btd;wdu;.
,e;jpah vspjhf btd;wJ.
,) eifr;Rit epfH;itg; ghu;j;J mu=;fj;jpy; cs;stu;fs; rpupj;jdu;.
eifr;Rit epfH;itg; ghu;j;J mu=;fnk rpupj;jJ.
<) ePupd;wp ,t;t[yf kf;fshy; ,a=;f KoahJ.
ePupd;wp cyF ,a=;fhJ.
rpe;jid tpdh
1. jw;fhyg; ngr;R tHf;fpYk;/ vGj;J tHf;fpYk; MFbgaiu vg;gobay;yhk;
gad;gLj;Jfpnwhk; vd;gjw;F vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfs; jUf.
jw;fhyj;jpy; ngr;R tHf;fpYk;/ vGj;J tHf;fpYk; MFbgau; gad;gLj;Jfpnwhk;.
rhd;Wfs;:
z rptr=;fupiag; goj;njd; ? vd;Dk; bghGJ rptr=;fup vGjpa fijiag; goj;njd;
vd;W bghUs;;gl/ rptr=;fup ? vd;gJ mtu; vGjpa E}Yf;F Mfp te;jJ.
z Ie;J kPl;lu; bfhL ? Jzpf;filf;Fr; bry;Yk; bghGJ/ `Ìe;J kPl;lu; vd;gJ ? ehk;
nju;e;bjLj;j Jzpf;F Mfp ? ePl;lysit MFbgauha; gad;gLj;Jfpnwhk;.
z k+;rs; g{rpndd; ? vd;W TWk; bghGJ ``k+;rs; tz;zj;jpy; cs;s fpH=;if miuj;Jg;
g{rpndd;~~ vd;W tpsf;fhky;/ ``k+;rs; g{rpndd;~~ vd;fpnwhk;. ,BJ k+;rs; tz;z
fpH=;iff; Fwpf;Fk; gz;ghF bgauhFk;.
2. gl;lg;bgau;fs; MFbgau;fs; MFkh> vLj;Jf;fhl;LfSld; tpsf;F.
gl;lg;bgau;fs; MF bgauhFk;.
rhd;W:
z thaho te;jhs; ? ,jpy; Fwpg;gpl;l bgz;zpd; bgaiur; brhy;ypf; Twhky;/ mts;
XahJ ngRk; ,ay;ig bgauhf;fp ``thaho~~ vd;W gl;lg;bgaUld; TWfpnwhk;.
``ngRjy;~~ (thahLjy;) vd;Dk; fhupaj;jpw;F Mfp tUfpwjy;yth.
z fyhurpfd; te;Jtpl;lhd; ? ,j;bjhlupy; ``fyh urpfd;~~ vd;Dk; gl;lg;bgau; mtd;
fiyfis tpUk;gpg; ghu;f;Fk; nfl;Fk; bray;fSf;F Mfp tUtjhy;/ gl;lg;bgau;fSk;
MF bgau; MFk;.
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goj;Jr; Ritf;f.
vy;yhh;f;Fk; bga;a[k; kiH fhiy
Ve;jpf;bfhs;fpwhh;fs; rpyh; xt;bthU Kiwa[k;
tukhf fhtphp Mw;iwf;
Vw;Wf;bfhs;fpwhh;fs; rpyh; fle;J bry;ifapy;
ntW tHpapd;wp ePe;jpf; fspj;j ehl;fs;
xJ=;fpf;bfhs;fpwhh;fs; rpyh; epidt[f;F te;jd-
xj;Jf;bfhs;shbjdg; Fspj;J kfpH;e;j Mw;iw
ghiwapy; tpGe;J FHe;ijaplk; fhl;oa nghJ
gad;glhkny nghfpd;wd mts; nfl;lhs; ....
rpy Jspfs; `vg;go mk;kh....
rhf;filapy; tpGe;J kzypy; ePe;jpf;
r=;fkkhfpd;wd rpy Fspj;jha;>~~
MdhYk;
vg;nghJk;nghy
,d;dKk;
vy;nyhUf;Fkhfg;
bga;Jbfhz;Ljhd; ,Uf;fpwJ
kiH-
ªñ£Nªðò˜‚è.
Conversation between two friends meeting by chance at a mall.
Aruna : Hi! Vanmathi! It’s great to see you after a long time.
Vanmathi : It’s great seeing you. How long has it been? It must be more than 6 months. I’m doing
good. How about you?
Aruna : Fine. I have come with my parents. They are inside the grocery shop. What about you?
Vanmathi : I came with my father. He has gone to buy tickets for a 3D movie.
Aruna : Which movie?
Vanmathi : Welcome to the jungle.
Aruna : Great! I am going to ask my parents to take me to that movie.
Þó‡´ «î£Nèœ õEèõ÷£èˆF™ ê‰F‚è õ£ŒŠ¹ A¬ìˆî«ð£¶ ïì‰î à¬óò£ì™.
Ü¼í£ : õ£¡ñF, â¡ù å¼ Ý„ê˜ò‹ c‡ì ï£†èÀ‚°ŠH¡ à¡¬ùŠ ð£˜‚A«ø¡,
ñA›„C.
õ£¡ñF : âù‚°‹ ñA›„C»‹, Ý„ê˜òº‹ î£¡! à¡¬ùŠ ð£˜ˆ¶ âšõ÷¾ è£ô‹
ÝAM†ì¶. ÝÁ ñ£îƒèÀ‚°‹ «ñô£AM†ì¶. ï£¡ ï¡ø£è Þ¼‚A«ø¡ c
âŠð® Þ¼‚Aø£Œ.
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Ü¼í£ : ï£¡ â¡ ªðŸ«ø£¼ì¡ õ‰«î¡. Üõ˜èœ i†®Ÿ°ˆ «î¬õò£ù ªð£¼†èœ

àœ÷ HKM™ àœ÷£˜èœ. c..?
õ£¡ñF : ï£¡ â¡ î‰¬î»ì¡ õ‰«î¡ Þšõ÷£èˆF™ ï¬ìªðÁ‹ ºŠðKñ£í (3D)
F¬óŠðìˆFŸ° ÜÂñF Y†´ õ£ƒè ªê¡P¼‚Aø£˜.
Ü¼í£ : â¡ù ðì‹?
õ£¡ñF : è£†´‚°œ õó«õŸ¹
Ü¼í£ : æ... ï£Â‹ â¡ ªðŸ«ø£Kì‹ Ü‰îŠ ðìˆFŸ° Ü¬öˆ¶„ ªê™½ƒèœ â¡Á
«è†è «ð£A¡«ø¡.
ªð£¼ˆîñ£ù ÞìƒèO™ Ü¬ìªñ£NJ†´, ªê£Ÿªø£ì¬ó MKõ£‚°è.
1. ¹ˆîè‹ ð®‚èô£‹ (ï™ô, Ý›‰¶, ï£À‹, «î˜‰¶, ñA›‰¶, àí˜‰¶)
Ü) ï™ô ¹ˆîèƒèœ ð®‚èô£‹.
Ý) ï™ô ¹ˆîèˆF™ Ý›‰î è¼ˆ¶è¬÷Š ð®‚èô£‹.
Þ) ï£À‹ ï™ô ¹ˆîè‹ ð®‚èô£‹.
ß) ï™ô ¹ˆîèƒè¬÷ˆ «î˜‰¶ â´ˆ¶ ð®‚èô£‹.
à) ï™ô ¹ˆîèƒè¬÷ ï£À‹ ñA›‰¶, àí˜‰¶ ð®‚èô£‹.
2. M¬÷ò£´õ¶ ï¡Á (æ®ò£®, ñ£¬ôJ™, «ê˜‰¶, FìL™, Ü¬ùõ¼ì¡)
Ü) ñ£¬ôJ™ Ü¬ùõ¼ì¡ «ê˜‰¶ M¬÷ò£´õ¶ ï¡Á.
Ý) ñ£¬ôJ™ FìL™ æ®ò£® M¬÷ò£´õ¶ ï¡Á.
H¬ö c‚°è.
ªð¼‰î¬ôõ˜ è£ñó£ê˜ ðœOŠð®Š¬ð G¬ó¾ ªêŒòMœ¬÷ â‡ó£½‹ îIN½‹
ÝƒAôˆF½‹ ¹ˆîèƒèœ ð®‚°‹ Üô¾‚° ¹ô¬ñèœ ªðŸP¼‰î¶ ðô¼‚°ˆ ªîKò£¶.
ÝƒAô„ ªêŒF Þî›è¬ô ï£œ«î£Á‹ ð®ˆî¶. âŠ«ð£¶ Ü¬ó¬ò M†´ ªõO«ò «ð£ù£½‹
I¡MCK¬ò G¼ˆî ñøŠðF™¬ô. ªõOÎ¼‚°„ ªê™½‹«ð£¶ î‹º¬ìò ¶EñQè¬÷ˆ
î£«ñ â´ˆ¶¬õˆ¶‚ªè£œõ£˜.
M¬ì:
ªð¼‰î¬ôõ˜ è£ñó£ê˜ ðœOŠð®Š¬ð G¬ø¾ ªêŒòM™¬ô â¡ø£½‹ îIN½‹
ÝƒAôˆF½‹ ¹ˆîèƒèœ ð®‚°‹ Ü÷¾‚° ¹ô¬ñèœ ªðŸP¼‰î¶ ðô¼‚°ˆ ªîKò£¶.
ÝƒAô„ªêŒF Þî›è¬÷ ï£œ«î£Á‹ ð®ˆî¶, âŠ«ð£¶ Ü¬ø¬òM†´ ªõO«ò «ð£ù£½‹
I¡MCP¬ò GÁˆî ñøŠðF™¬ô. ªõOÎ¼‚° ªê™½‹«ð£¶ î‹º¬ìò ¶EñEè¬÷ˆ
î£«ñ â´ˆ¶ ¬õˆ¶‚ ªè£œõ£˜.
fPH;f;fhQk; gj;jpapy; cs;s MFbgah;fis ml;ltizg;gLj;Jf.

tpkyh Tlj;jpy; cs;s jl;oypUe;j ork;giuj; jiyapy; Nof;bfhz;lhs;.
ky;ypifiag; glj;jpw;Fr; Nl;odhs;. mLg;gpypUe;J ghiy ,wf;fpdhs;. gpd;g[
njhl;lj;jpw;Fr; brd;whs;. tpkyhitg; ghu;j;jt[ld; njhl;lk; mikjpahdJ- ``jiyf;F
,UE}W bfhL=;fk;kh~~ vd;W njhl;lj;jpy; ntiy bra;jtUs; xUtu; brhd;dhu;.
bts;is kd=;bfhz;l ntiyahl;fspd; Typiaf; Fiwf;f tpUk;ghky; mjid mtSk;
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Vw;Wf;bfhz;lhs;. mtu;fs; brd;wJk;/ fhiyapy; rhg;gplg; bgh=;fy; itj;jhs;. tPl;oy;

rikay; bra;a/ ve;bje;jg; bghUs;fs; Fiwthf cs;sd vd;gijg;gw;wpr; rpe;jpj;jhs;.
``rhg;ghl;ow;F Ie;J fpnyh th=;f ntz;Lk;. jhspg;gjw;F @d;W ypl;lu; th=;f ntz;Lk;.
Jzp cyu;j;Jtjw;F ehd;F kPl;lu; th=;f ntz;Lk;~~ vdj; jpl;lkpl;lhs;. miyngrp
miHj;jJ. miu epkplk; miyngrpapy; te;j taypd; nfl;L kfpH;e;jhs;. gpwF vLj;Jg;
ngrpdhs;. filf;Fg; ngha;tpl;L te;j gpwF. ghjpapy; tpl;oUe;j rptr=;fupiag; goj;J
Kof;fntz;Lk; vd;W epidj;jhs;.
ork;giuj; jiyapy; Nof; ork;gu; vd;Dk; fhyg;bgau; g{t[f;F Mfp te;jjhy;

bfhz;lhs; (fhythF bgau;)
ghiy ,wf;fpdhs; ghy; bfhjpj;j ghj;jpuj;ij ,wf;fpdhs;. fUtp ghYf;F
Mfp te;jJ. (fUtpahF bgau;)
jiyf;F ,UE}W xt;bthUtUf;Fk; vd;gijj; jiy vd;Dk; rpidg;
bgauhy; czu;j;JfpwJ (rpidahF bgau;)
rhg;ghl;ow;F Ie;J fpnyh th=;f 5 fpnyh muprpiaf; Fwpf;f.... vLj;J mse;J jUtJ
ntz;Lk; (epWj;J) (vLj;jysit MFbgau;)
jhspg;gjw;F @d;W ypl;lu; Kfe;J msf;Fk; vz;bza;
th=;fntz;Lk;
(Kfj;jysitahF bgau;)
Jzp cyu;j;j ehd;F kPl;lu; ePl;o msf;Fk; Jzp cyu;j;Jk; bfhoiaf; Fwpf;Fk;
(ePl;lysitahF bgau;)
rptr=;fupia goj;J Kof;f rptr=;fup E}iyf; Fwpf;Fk;.....(fUj;jhthF bgau;)
ntz;Lk;.
gaz mDgt=;fis tpthpf;f.

`vdJ gazk;~ vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; c=;fsJ mDgt=;fis tUzpj;J vGJf.
z ,e;j Mz;L ehd; gazk; nkw;bfhz;l ,lk; taehL MFk;. nfushtpd; tw;whj mHF
bfhl;of;fplf;Fk; gFjp ,J. v=;F jpUk;gpDk; gr;irg; gnry; jhd;. fly; kl;lj;jpy;
,Ue;J 700 Kjy; 2100 kPl;lu; cauj;jpy; mike;j gFjp ,J. ,aw;if md;id Ml;rp
bra;a[k; tdg;g[ kpf;f gFjp.
z taehL khtl;lj;jpy; fy;bgw;wh/ khde;jtho/ itj;jpup Mfpa ,l=;fs;
Kf;fpakhdit.
z ,t;tpl=;fspy; tpy=;Ffspd; ruzhya=;fs; cz;L. Js;spj; jpupa[k; khd; Tl;lk;/
Tl;lk; Tl;lkha; bry;Yk; ahidfs;/ v=;nfh nfl;Fk; gwitfs; fiua[k; Xir vd
kdJf;F ,d;gk; jUk; ,lk; MFk;.
z fy;bgw;whtpy; ,Ue;J rpwpJ J}uk; brd;why; brk;g;uh kiy KfL cs;sJ. ,J
taehl;od; caukhd kiy cr;rpahFk;. kiy Vw;wj;Jf;F rpwe;j ,lkhFk;.
fy;bgw;whtpy; ,Ue;J 15 fy; bjhiytpy; fuyhl; Vup cs;sJ. ,=;F glF rthup bra;J
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bfhz;L Vupapy; J}z;oy; nghl;L kPd; gpoj;J eh=;fs; FHe;ijfshfp kfpH;e;njhk;.

taehl;od; mHFf;F mHF nru;f;Fk; mUtpfs; gy cz;L. mtw;Ws; rpg;ghuh mUtp
kpfg; g[fH; bgw;wJ.
z 100 mo Kjy; 300 mo cauj;jpy; ,Ue;J tupirj; bjhluhff; bfhl;of; bfhz;oUf;Fk;
mUtpfs; fz;fisa[k;/ fUj;ija[k; bfhs;is bfhs;fpd;wd. mUtpapd; jlhfj;jpy;
ePe;jp kfpH;e;J g[j;Jzu;t[ bgw;nwhk;. ,=;F mg{u;t @ypiffs;/ j=;Ftjw;F kutPLfs;/
,utpy; kpusr; bra;a[k; tpy=;Ffs; Tl;lk; vd ek;ik ,d;bdhU cyFf;F miHj;Jr;
bry;Yk;. eP=;fSk; xU Kiw brd;W tuyhnk.
z ``,aw;if Ml;rp bra;a[k; ,t;tplk; midtUf;Fk; gpof;Fk;~~.
ïò‹ ð£ó£†´è.
õòL¬ìŠ ¹°‰î£Œ ñE‚èF˜ M¬÷ˆî£Œ
õ¬÷‰¶ªê™ è£™è÷£™ Ý«ø!
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º¡Â¬ó:
îIN™ â‡íŸø Þô‚Aòƒèœ àœ÷ù. Ü¬õ èŸ«ð£K¡ ñùˆ¬îŠ ªðK¶‹ èõó
õ™ôù. Ü‰î õ¬èJ™ õ£Eî£ê¡ ð£ì™ å¡PŸ° Ü¬ñ‰¶œ÷ Þô‚Aò ïòƒè¬÷‚
è£‡«ð£‹.
Fó‡ì è¼ˆ¶:
õ¬÷‰¶ ªê™½‹ è£™õ£Œèœ Íô‹ Ý«ø õò™ªõOJ™ ¹°‰î£Œ ñE«ð£¡ø
èF˜è¬÷ M¬÷ò„ ªêŒî£Œ. Ü¼A™ àœ÷ æ¬ìèœ °÷ƒè¬÷ G¬øˆî£Œ. î£ñ¬ó ªè£†®,
Ý‹ð™ ñô˜èO¡ Þî›è¬÷ MKò„ªêŒî£Œ. Cõ‰î è‡è¬÷»¬ìò è¼¬ñ»¬ìò õó£™,
õ£¬÷ e¡èœ è¬óJ™ æƒA õ÷˜‰î ªî¡¬ùJ™ ð£Œ‰¶ M¬÷ò£Á¡ø c˜ G¬ø‰î
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ªêŒAø£Œ.
¬ñò‚è¼ˆ¶:
ÝÁ, è£™õ£Œèœ c˜G¬ôè¬÷ GóŠH, Gôˆ¬î„ ªêN‚è ªêŒõ«î£´ GôˆF™
G¬ø‰F¼‚°‹ cK«ô õ£ù‹ ªîKõî£™ ªðòK¬ìŠð†ì õ£ªùùˆ «î£¡Á‹ â¡Á ÞòŸ¬è
õ÷ƒè¬÷ ¬ñòñ£è ¬õˆ¶Š ð£®»œ÷£˜ õ£Eî£ê¡.
â¶¬è:
ªêŒ»O™, Ü®J«ô£, YK«ô£, Þó‡ì£õ¶ â¿ˆ¶ å¡P õóˆ ªî£´Šð¶ â¶¬è Ý°‹.
www.tnpscjob.com
ê£¡Á:
õòL¬ì
Üò½÷
èòL¬ì
ªðòK¬ì
«ñ£¬ù:
ªêŒ»O™ Ü®J«ô£ YK«ô£ ºî™ â¿ˆ¶ å¡P õóˆ ªî£´Šð¶ «ñ£¬ù Ý°‹.
ê£¡Á:
õòL¬ì -& õ¬÷‰¶
Üò½÷ & Ý‹ð™
ªðòK¬ì & ªð¼ƒ°÷‹
Þ¬ò¹
ªêŒ»O™ Ü®«î£Á‹ ÞÁF â¿ˆ«î£, ªê£™«ô£ Þ¬ò‰¶ õ¼õ¶ Þ¬ò¹ˆªî£¬ì Ý°‹.
ê£¡Á:
M¬÷ˆî£Œ -&- MKˆî£Œ
ÜEïò‹:
ªêŒ»O¡ Üö°‚°„ «ê˜Šð¶ ÜE«ò Ý°‹. ÜE Þ™ô£î ð£ì™ ÜöA™ô£ ñƒ¬è
«ð£½‹. ªðòK¬ìŠð†ì õ£ªùùˆ «î£¡Á‹ â¡Â‹ Ü®J™ àõ¬ñ ÜE Ü¬ñ‰¶
Þ„ªêŒ»O¡ Üö°‚° Üö° «ê˜ˆ¶œ÷¶.
²¬õ ïò‹:
ÞŠð£ì¬ôŠ ð®‚èŠ ð®‚è, ñùˆF™ ñA›¾ à‡ì£õî£™ “àõ¬è„ ²¬õ”
Ü¬ñ‰¶œ÷¶.
º®¾¬ó:
õ£Eî£ê¡ ÞòŸ¬èŠ ¹¬ù¾è¬÷Š ð£´õF™ õ™ôõ˜. Üõó¶ èMˆFøÂ‚°
ÞŠð£ì™ ê£¡ø£è Ü¬ñõ«î£´, Ü¬ùˆ¶ ïòƒè¬÷»‹ ªðŸÁ åOÃø¶.
1. ¹F˜ ÜM›‚è.
ï£¡ªè¿ˆ¶‚è£ó¡ è¬ì Þó‡´‹
ºî™ Þó‡´‹ èí‚A™ ’Þ¶’ â¡ð˜.!
Ü‹ñ£M™ º¿î£ŒŠ ð£˜ˆî£™
“ñ£“¬õˆ ªî£¬ôˆ¶ GŸ°‹; «ñèˆF¬ì ªîKõ£¡!
Ü´ˆî â¿ˆ¬î„ «ê˜ˆî£™, & Üõ¡ ò£˜?
M™L¡ ¶¬íõ¡; M¬ì: Ü‹¹L
www.tnpscjob.com
2. ð‡¹ˆªî£¬èè¬÷ Þ†´ G¬ø¾ ªêŒè.

[Þ¡«ù£¬ê, «ðªó£O, CŸ«ø£¬ì, «ðK¡ð‹, ¬ðƒAO, «ðÏ˜, ªê‰î£ñ¬ó]
ñ£ù£ñ¶¬ó å¼ Üöè£ù «ðÏ˜. c‡ìõò™èÀ‹ CŸ«ø£¬ìèÀ‹ G¬ø‰î ÜšáK¡
ï´«õ õ£Âò˜‰î «è£¹óˆ¶ì¡ Ã®ò «è£M™ °÷ˆF™ âƒ°‹ ªê‰î£ñ¬óŠ Ì‚èœ
ñô˜‰¶œ÷ù. èFóõQ¡ «ðªó£O iCì «ê£¬ôŠ ¬ðƒAOèO¡ Þ¡«ù£¬ê «è†«ð£¬óŠ
«ðK¡ð‹ Ü¬ìò„ ªêŒAø¶.
tl;lj;jpw;Fs; cs;s vGj;Jfisf; bfhz;L brhw;fis cUthf;Ff.
fhy; fhiy fhd;

g[j;jfk; g[y; g[j;jp
mfy; mty; fy;
mjpfk; fwp jwp
g[jd; tiy mwptd;
fiy fj;jp ftiy
fhty; miy jpy;iy
3. è£†C¬ò‚ è‡´ èMÂÁ â¿¶è.
ñ¬ô ªòù¾‹ (°P…C)
º™¬ôõù‹ âù¾‹
ñ¼î Gôñ£‹ õò™ âù¾‹
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ð£¬ôò£‹ ªõJ½‹ âù à¡
Gôˆ¬îŠ HKˆî£Œ
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Þ¬ê ºöƒA ð£´‹
c˜ G¬ø è¬óèO™
õ÷˜ ñóƒèO™
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ñò‚°‹ î‹ Þ¬êò£™
CÁð£¬ù ªî£ìƒA àò˜
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ÞŠð£ì™ àí˜ˆ¶‹ îI›
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bray;jpl;lk;
xU thuj;jpw;Fj; njitahd czt[g; bghUs;fspd; tut[ bryt[ gl;oaiy cUthf;Ff.
xU thuj;jpw;Fj; njitahd czt[g;bghUl;fs; ,t;thu tut[ = ` 2000/-
bghUs;fs; fpnyh `
muprp 5 fpnyh 200.00
J.gUg;g[ ½ fpnyh 45.00
c.gUg;g[ ½ fpnyh 50.00
ru;f;fiu ½ fpnyh 25.00
Oj;J}s; 100 fpuhk; 55.00
kpsF 50 fpuhk; 40.00
rPufk; 50 fpuhk; 25.00
bte;jak; 50 fpuhk; 20.00
ghy; 4 ypl;lu; 160.00
vz;bza; ½ ypl;lu; 60.00
uit ½ fpnyh 25.00
ryitj;J}s; ¼ fpnyh 40.00
fha;fwp tiffs; nj=;fha; 200.00
gH=;fs; 300.00
bkhj;j bryt[ ? ` 1245.00
tut[ ? ` 2000.00
bryt[ ? ` 1245.00
kPjj; bjhif ` 755.00
Üèó£FJ™ è£‡è.
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ß¬è & ªè£¬ì, ªð£¡, èŸðèñó‹, è£¬ì, è£ŸÁ, «ñè‹, ªè£´ˆî™.
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ªñ£Œ‹¹ & «î£œ, õL¬ñ.
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epw;f mjw;Fj;jf...
êÍèˆFŸ° âù¶ ðEèœ
Ü) °Š¬ðè¬÷‚ °Š¬ðˆ ªî£†®J™ «ð£ì «õ‡´‹.
Ý) î‡a˜ ií£õ¬î âƒ° è‡ì£½‹ î´Š«ð¡.
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à) ªð‡è™MJ¡ º‚Aòˆ¶õˆ¬î àí˜ˆ¶«õ¡.
á) ÞòŸ¬è¬òŠ «ðEŠ ð£¶è£‚è ñóƒè¬÷ ï´«õ¡.
â) ê£¬ô MFè¬÷Š H¡ðŸÁ«õ¡. Hø¬ó»‹ H¡ðŸø ªêŒ«õ¡.
ã) ï‹ è¬ôè¬÷»‹ ð‡ð£†¬ì»‹ «ðE‚è£‚è â¡ù£™ Þò¡ø¬î„ ªêŒ«õ¡.
fiyr;brhy; mwpnthk;
,e;jpa njrpa ,uhQtk; ? Indian National Army
gz;lkhw;WKiw ? Commodity Exchange
fha;fwp torhW ? Vegetable Soup
brt;tpay; ,yf;fpak; ? Classical Literature
fUk;g[r; rhW ? Sugarcane Juice

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ciueil cyfk;
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â†´ bghpahhpd; rpe;jidfs;
ghlE}y; tpdhf;fs;
gyt[s; bjhpf
1. êKò£ù M¬ì¬òˆ «î˜‰ªî´‚è.
ÃŸÁ -: ªðKò£˜ àJ˜ â¿ˆ¶èO™ ‘ä’ â¡ðî¬ù ‘ÜŒ’ âù¾‹, ‘å÷’ â¡ðî¬ù
‘Üš’ âù¾‹ Yó¬ñˆî£˜.
è£óí‹ : Cô â¿ˆ¶è¬÷‚ °¬øŠðî¡ õ£Jô£èˆ îI› â¿ˆ¶èO¡ â‡E‚¬è¬ò‚
°¬ø‚èô£‹ â¡Á â‡Eù£˜.
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Þ) ÃŸÁ, è£óí‹ Þó‡´‹ îõÁ ß) ÃŸÁ îõÁ, è£óí‹ êK
M¬ì: Ý) ÃŸÁ, è£óí‹ Þó‡´‹ êK
FWtpdh
1. “ð°ˆîP¾” â¡ø£™ â¡ù?
â„ªêò¬ô»‹ ÜPMò™ è‡«í£†ìˆ¶ì¡ ÜµA ã¡? âîŸ°? âŠð®? â¡ø
Mù£‚è¬÷ â¿ŠH, ÜPM¡ õN«ò C‰Fˆ¶ º®ªõ´Šð«î ð°ˆîP¾ Ý°‹.
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1. C‚èù‹ °Pˆî ªðKò£K¡ è¼ˆ¶‚è¬÷ Þ¡¬øò ï¬ìº¬ø«ò£´ ªî£ì˜¹ð´ˆF â¿¶è.
z ªðKò£˜ Üõ˜èœ, ªð£¼÷£î£ó î¡Q¬ø¾ Ü¬ìò£î G¬ôJ™ Ü¬ùõ¼‹ C‚èùˆ¬î‚
è¬ìŠH®Šð¶ è†ì£ò‹ â¡ø£˜.
z Ýù£™ Þ¡¬øò ï¬ìº¬øJ™ ªð£¼÷£î£óˆF™ G¬ø¾ ªðøM™¬ô â¡ø£½‹ CÁèì¡
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z Mö£‚èÀ‹ êìƒ°èÀ‹ ÍìŠðö‚è‹ õ÷˜Šð«î£´ i‡ ªêô¾‹ ãŸð´ˆ¶Aø¶.
êìƒ°èœ, Mö£‚è¬÷ˆ îM˜ˆ¶ C‚èùñ£Œ õ£ö„ ªê£¡ù£˜.
z Ýù£™ Þ¡Á Þ¶¾‹ ï¬ìº¬øŠð´ˆ¶õ¶ ê£ˆFò‹ Þ™ô£ñ™ «ð£ŒM†ì¶.
z âù«õ ªðKò£˜ ÃPò C‚èù‚ ªè£œ¬èè¬÷, Þ¡¬øò ï¬ìº¬ø Gè›¾èO™ H¡ðŸø
º®ò£î G¬ô«ò Ü«ïè «ïóƒèO™ àœ÷¶.
www.tnpscjob.com
beLtpdh
1. ªñ£NJ½‹ Þô‚AòˆF½‹ ªðKò£˜ «ñŸªè£‡ì Yó¬ñŠ¹è¬÷ M÷‚°è.
º¡Â¬ó:
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ªñ£NJ½‹ ªðKò£˜ ªêŒî Yó¬ñŠ¹èœ ðŸP ÜP‰¶ ªè£œ«õ£‹.
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1. Ü¬ê âˆî¬ù õ¬èŠð´‹? Ü¬õ ò£¬õ?
Ü¬ê Þ¼ õ¬èŠð´‹. Ü¬õ «ïó¬ê, G¬óò¬ê Ý°‹.
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1. ò£ŠH¡ àÁŠ¹èœ âˆî¬ù õ¬èŠð´‹? Ü¬õ ò£¬õ?
z ò£ŠH¡ àÁŠ¹èœ ÝÁ Ý°‹.
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1. Ü®èœ âˆî¬ù õ¬èŠð´‹? Ü¬õ ò£¬õ?
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2. ªî£¬ì âˆî¬ù õ¬èŠð´‹? Ü¬õ ò£¬õ?

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Mù£‚èœ:
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Once Buddha and his disciples were thirsty. They reached a lake. But it was muddy because
somebody just fnished washing their clothes. Buddha asked his disciples to take a little rest there
by the tree. After half an hour the disciples noticed that the water was very clear. Buddha said to
them,” You let the water and the mud be settled down on its own. Your mind is also like that. When it
is disturbed, just let it be. Give a little time. It will settle down on its own. We can judge and take best
decisions of our life when we stay calm.”
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3. M¬ùˆªî£¬è¬ò ªð£¼ˆF â¿¶è.

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z Hø˜ð£™ Ü¡¹¬ì¬ñ âÂ‹ è¼ˆ¶ ñŸÁ‹
z Þ™ôø õ£›‚¬èJ¡ «ï£‚è‹ ß¬è, M¼‰«î£‹ð™ «ð£¡ø ð‡¹èO™ ÝÀ¬ñ¬ò
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8. °P‚«è£¬÷ Ü¬ìõîŸ° F¼õœÀõ˜ ÃÁ‹ Þó‡´ ÜP¾¬óè¬÷ â¿¶è.

z àœ÷Ÿè àœ÷‹ CÁ°õ (798).
z àœÀõ¶ â™ô£‹ àò˜¾œ÷™ (596).
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1. Yù ï£†®¡ îˆ¶õ ë£Qè¬÷‚ °PŠH´.
z Yùï£†®™ A.º. 604‹ Ý‡®™ Hø‰î ô£«õ£†²‹
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z î¡ ß´ð£´è¬÷ MKõ£è õ÷˜Šðõù£è Þ¼ˆî™ «õ‡´‹.
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1. àƒèÀ‚°Š H®ˆî îI› ÝÀ¬ñèœ °Pˆ¶‚ èô‰¶¬óò£®‚ °PŠ¹è¬÷ â¿¶è.
z ÌIŠð‰¶ âƒ°‹ ¹è› ªðŸÁˆFè¿‹ îI› ÝÀ¬ñ è£ñó£ê˜ Ýõ£˜.
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5. ê£Aˆò Üè£ªîI M¼¶ ªðŸø è™ò£‡TJ¡ Ë™ â¶?

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1. Ü¡¹‹ è‡®Š¹‹ à¬ìò ñ¬ùM:

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5. ²¬õˆ¶ à‡ì£œ:
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1. “Hø¼‚° àîM ªêŒõîŸ° ªñ£N «î¬õJ™¬ô” â¡ø è¼ˆ¬î Ü®Šð¬ìò£‚ ªè£‡´

õ°Šð¬ø «ñ¬ìJ™ ï®ˆ¶‚ è£†´è.
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1. W›è£µ‹ °ø†ð£‚èO™ Ü¬ñ‰î ÜE õ¬èè¬÷‚ è‡ìPè.

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A deer, a turtle, a crow and a rat were friends. One day the deer was caught in a hunter’s trap.
Friends made a plan to save him. According to the plan, the deer lay motionless as if it were dead.
The crow sat on the deer and started poking. The turtle crossed the hunter’s path to distract him. The
hunter left the deer, assuming it dead, and went after the turtle. Meanwhile, the rat chew open the
net to free the deer. The crow picked up the turtle and quickly took it away from the hunter. From this
Panchatantra story, we learn that the teamwork can achieve great results.
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ªð£¼ˆîñ£ù GÁˆîŸ°PJ´è.
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è¼F â¿îŠð†ì CŸPô‚Aò õ¬è ðŸPˆ ªîK»ñ£ îI›„ CŸPô‚Aò õ¬èèÀœ Hœ¬÷ˆ
îI¿‹ å¡Á â¡Á ÃPù£˜.
Hœ¬÷ˆ îI› Ë™èœ ºˆ¶‚°ñ£óê£I Hœ¬÷ˆ îI› Üºî£‹H¬è Hœ¬÷ˆîI›
ºîLòù.
Üìì£ â¡Á CLŠŠÌ†´‹ ð†ìP¬õŠ ð®Šðõ˜‚° ÜO‚°‹ õ¬èJ™ °ñó°¼ð£K¡
eù£†Cò‹¬ñ Hœ¬÷ˆîI› Iè„ Cø‰îî£èˆ Fè›Aø¶.
M¬ì :
ÝCKò˜ ñ£íõ˜èOì‹, “ñ£íõ˜è«÷! èì¾¬÷»‹ î¬ôõ˜è¬÷»‹ °ö‰¬îò£è‚
è¼F, â¿îŠð†ì CŸPô‚Aò õ¬è ðŸPˆ ªîK»ñ£? îI›„ CŸPô‚Aò õ¬èèÀœ Hœ¬÷ˆ
îI¿‹ å¡Á” â¡Á ÃPù£˜.
Hœ¬÷ˆîI› Ë™èœ: ºˆ¶‚°ñ£óê£I Hœ¬÷ˆîI›, Üºî£‹H¬èŠ Hœ¬÷ˆîI›
ºîLòù.
“Üìì£! â¡Á CL˜ŠÌ†´‹ ð†ìP¬õŠ ð®Šðõ˜‚° ÜO‚°‹ õ¬èJ™, °ñó°¼ðóK¡
‘eù£†Cò‹¬ñ Hœ¬÷ˆîI›’ Iè„Cø‰îî£èˆ Fè›Aø¶.
ªê£Ÿªø£ì˜ à¼õ£‚°è.
1. ªê‰îI¿‹ ²¬õ»‹ «ð£ô
î¬õõ¡ î¬ôMò£è cM˜ Þ¼õ¼‹ ªê‰îI¿‹ ²¬õ»‹ «ð£ô Þ¬í‰«î ñA›¾ì¡
ÞQî£Œ õ£¿ƒèœ.
2. ð²ñóˆî£E«ð£ô
°ö‰¬îŠ ð¼õˆF™ ï£¡ ñùù‹ ªêŒî ð£óFò£˜ ð£ì™èœ Ü¬ùˆ¶‹ ð²ñóˆî£E «ð£ô
ðF‰¶ M†ì¶.
3. àœ÷ƒ¬è ªï™L‚èQ «ð£ô
â¡ îIö£CKò˜ ïìˆFò ÜEJô‚èí‹ àœ÷ƒ¬è ªï™L‚èQ «ð£ô ªîOõ£èŠ ¹K‰î¶.
4. ÜˆF Ìˆî£Ÿ«ð£ô
â¡ ñ£ñ£M¡ õ¼¬è ÜˆF Ìˆî£Ÿ«ð£™ â¡ø£õ¶ Gè›õî£™ ñù‹ ñA›„CJ™ ¶œÀ‹.
www.tnpscjob.com
5. ñ¬öºè‹ è£í£Š ðJ˜ «ð£ô

î¡ °´‹ðˆ¬î M†´ M´F‚°„ ªê¡ø èñô£, ñ¬öºè‹ è£í£Š ðJ˜ «ð£ô «ê£˜¾ŸÁ
õ£®‚ è£íŠð†ì£œ.
õ®õ‹ ñ£ŸÁè.
ð£ìL™ è£µ‹ Þô‚Aò õ®õƒè¬÷»‹ ÜõŸÁ‚°Š ¹è› ªðŸ«ø£¬ó»‹ è‡ìP‰¶
â¿¶è.
ªõ‡ð£MŸ ¹è«ö‰F; ðóE‚°æ˜
êòƒªè£‡ì£¡; M¼ˆî‹ â¡Â‹
å‡ð£MŸ° àò˜è‹ð¡; «è£¬õàô£
Ü‰î£F‚° å†ì‚ Ãˆî¡;
è‡ð£ò èô‹ðèˆFŸ° Þó†¬ìò˜èœ;
õ¬êð£ì‚ è£÷ «ñè‹;
ð‡ð£ò ðè˜ê‰î‹ ð®‚è£²
Üô£ªî£¼õ˜ ðèó åí£«î.
& ðôð†ì¬ì„ ªê£‚èï£îŠ ¹ôõ˜.
Þô‚Aò õ®õ‹ ¹è› ªðŸ«ø£˜

ªõ‡ð£ ¹è«ö‰F
ðóE êòƒªè£‡ì£¡
M¼ˆî‹ è‹ð¡
«è£¬õ, àô£, Ü‰î£F å†ì‚Ãˆî˜
èô‹ðè‹ Þ÷…ÅKò˜, º¶ÅKò˜ â¡Â‹ Þó†¬ìò˜èœ
õ¬ê‚èM è£÷«ñè‹
ê‰î‹ ð®‚è£²Š¹ôõ˜
Ë™ ñFŠ¹¬ó:
cƒèœ M¼‹HŠ ð®ˆî Ë™ å¡Á‚° ñFŠ¹¬ó â¿¶è
ñFŠ¹¬ó:
êeðˆF™ ï£¡ M¼‹HŠ ð®ˆî Ë™ èMî£ê¡ Üõ˜èœ â¿Fò “Cèóƒè¬÷ˆ
ªî£´«õ£‹”â¡Â‹ Ë™ Ý°‹.
Þ‰Ë™ ñ£íõ˜èÀ‚°, Þ¬÷ë˜èÀ‚° ñ†´ñ™ô, à¬öˆ¶ è¬÷ˆ¶ «ê£˜‰¶
«ð£Œ â¡ù êºî£ò‹ Þ¶! â¡Á êLŠ¹Á‹ ñùƒèÀ‚°‹ Ý‚èº‹ á‚èº‹ ªè£´‚A¡ø
Ëô£èˆ Fè›Aø¶ âQ™ I¬èò£è£¶. “ñQîQ¡ ñù‹ ÝŸøL¡ Ü†êòð£ˆFó‹”
“ÞQò ªê£Ÿèœ ÞîòƒèO¡ èî¾è¬÷ˆ Fø‚°‹ Fø¾«è£™”
“ê£ñ£QòÂ‹ ê£î¬ùò£÷ù£èô£‹”
www.tnpscjob.com
“è£¬ôJ™ â¿‰î¶‹ àƒèœ Fø¬ñ¬ò‚ è£†ì ¹Fî£Œ å¼ï£œ Hø‰î¶ â¡Á

â‡µƒèœ” â¡ðù «ð£¡ø C‰î¬ùˆ ¶Oèœ G¬ø‰¶œ÷ Þ‰Ë¬ôŠ ð®Š«ð£˜ G„êòñ£Œ„
Cèóƒè¬÷ˆ ªî£´õ˜.
ð®‚°‹ åšªõ£¼õ¼‚°‹ Þ‰Ë™ É‡´«è£ô£è¾‹ à‰¶ê‚Fò£è¾‹ Þ¼‚°‹.
ð®»ƒèœ. àƒèœ õ£›M™ àò¼ƒèœ. Cèóƒè¬÷ˆ ªî£†´„ CøŠð¬ì»ƒèœ.
ïò‹ ð£ó£†´.
”âˆ¶¬í»‹ «ðîºø£¶ âš¾J¼‹
î‹ºJ˜«ð£™ â‡E àœ«÷
åˆ¶K¬ñ à¬ìòõó£Œ àõ‚A¡ø£˜
ò£õ˜Üõ˜ àœ÷‹î£¡ ²ˆî
Cˆ¶¼õ£Œ â‹ªð¼ñ£¡ ïì‹¹K»‹
Þì‹ âù ï£¡ ªîK‰«î¡ Ü‰î
Mˆîè˜î‹ Ü®‚«èõ™ ¹K‰Fì â¡
C‰¬î Iè M¬ö‰î î£«ô” & õœ÷ô£˜
º¡Â¬ó:
õœ÷ô£˜ âùŠ «ð£ŸøŠð´‹ Þó£ñLƒè Ü®èœ êñˆ¶õº‹, êñî˜ñº‹ õ÷ó¾‹,
êñò‹ â¡ð¶ Hø˜ïô¡ «ð£ŸÁõî£è Ü¬ñò¾‹ °ó™ ªè£´ˆîõ˜ Ýõ£˜. Þ¬øõ¬ù
â‡E Þõ˜ ð£®ò ð£ì™èœ CøŠ¹ì¡ Môƒ°A¡øù. Ü‰î õ¬èJ™ Þõó¶ ð£ì™
å¡PŸ° Ü¬ñ‰¶œ÷ Þô‚Aò ïòƒè¬÷‚ è£‡«ð£‹.
Fó‡ì è¼ˆ¶:
â‰î å¼ «õÁð£†¬ì»‹ ªõOŠð´ˆî£¶ â™ô£ àJ˜è¬÷»‹ î‹ àJ˜ «ð£ô â‡E,
î¡ àœ÷ˆ¶œ«÷ åˆî Ü¡¹¬ìòõó£Œ Þ¼Šðõ¬ó Þ¬øõ¡ àõ‰¶ ãŸAø£˜ Üˆî¬èò
àœ÷‹ à¬ìòõ˜è«÷ Cˆ¶¼õ£Œˆ Fè¿‹ â‹ªð¼ñ£¡ ïì‹¹K»‹ Þì‹ Ý°‹. â™ô£
õ™ô Þ¬øõ¡ Ü®‚° ãõ™ ¹K»‹ C‰¬îIè Þ¼‰îî£™ âš¾JKìˆ¶‹ Ü¡¹ì¡ õ£ö
M¬ö‰«î¡.
¬ñò‚è¼ˆ¶:
Ü¬ùˆ¶ àJ˜èOìˆ¶‹ Ü¡¹ ð£ó£†® àJ˜èÀ‚° ãõ™ ªêŒõ«î Þ¬øõÂ‚°„
ªêŒ»‹ ªî£‡´. Üõ˜ àœ÷ˆ¶œ«÷ Þ¬øõ¡ àœ÷£¡ â¡ø è¼ˆ¬î ¬ñòñ£è ¬õˆ¶
õœ÷ô£˜ ÞŠð£ì¬ôŠ ¹¬ù‰¶œ÷£˜.
«ñ£¬ù ïò‹:
ªêŒ»O™ Ü®J«ô£ YK«ô£ ºî™ â¿ˆ¶ å¡P õóˆ ªî£´Šð¶ «ñ£¬ù Ý°‹.
ê£¡Á: âˆ¶¬í»‹ âš¾J¼‹ à¬ìòõó£Œ àõ‚A¡ø£˜ âù «ñ£¬ù ïò‹ Ü¬ñ‰¶œ÷¶.
â¶¬è ïò‹:
ªêŒ»O™ Ü®J«ô£ YK«ô£ Þó‡ì£õ¶ â¿ˆ¶ å¡P õóˆ ªî£´Šð¶ â¶¬è
Ý°‹.
ê£¡Á: âˆ¶¬í»‹, åˆ¶K¬ñ, Cˆ¶¼, Mˆîè˜- âù â¶¬è ïò‹ I‚°œ÷¶.
www.tnpscjob.com
ê‰î ïò‹:
“ê‰î‹ îI¿‚°„ ªê£‰î‹” â¡ð¬î àí˜ˆ¶‹ õ¬èJ™ ÜÁY˜‚èNªï®ô® ÝCKò
M¼ˆî‹ ªðŸÁ Üèõ™ æ¬ê»ì¡ ¬ñò‹ ªð£¼‰î Ü¬ñ‰¶œ÷¶.
ÜE ïò‹:
“âš¾J¼‹ î‹ºJ˜ «ð£ô” â¡ðF™ àõ¬ñòE Þì‹ªðŸÁœ÷¶
º®¾¬ó:
ð‚F àí˜¾ ªê£†ì ð£ìŠð†´œ÷ ÞŠð£ì™ ð‚F„²¬õ»‹ Þô‚Aò„ ²¬õ¬ò»‹
å¼ƒ«è ªðŸÁœ÷¶.
1. â¿ˆ¶è¬÷ º¬øŠð´ˆF ªê£Ÿè¬÷‚ è‡´H®.

z ¹¡ðªñ£Šô¬ñN & ð¡ªñ£NŠ¹ô¬ñ.
z òQ«ï‹îñ & ñQî«ïò‹.
z è„õŠ…¹C›ê & õ…êŠ¹è›„C.
z ¬î‚M¶è¹ & ¹¶‚èM¬î.
z ĆŠè£†…ð & è£…CŠð†´.
2. Üèó£F è£‡è.
z °KC™ & ªð¼¬ñJ™ Cø‰«î¡, àðè£K, î¬ôõ¡.
z î¬ôòO & ºèñô˜‰¶ ÃÁî™, Ü¡¹, Ü¼œ.
z ïò‹ & ï¡¬ñ, M¼Šð‹, «ð£ŸÁ¬è, I°F, ðò¡, ¸‡¬ñ, Ü¼œ.
z àŒˆî™ & ªê½ˆ¶î™, ïìˆ¶î™, ¸è˜î™, ÜÂŠ¹î™, ÜPMˆî™, c‚°î™.
z Þ¼² & «ï˜¬ñ, õ‡®ò„², ÍƒA™.
3. ªî£¬è‚ ªê£Ÿè¬÷‚ ªè£‡´ ðˆF¬ò„ ²¼‚°è.

«êó, «ê£ö, ð£‡®ò Üóê˜èOì‹ ò£¬ùŠð¬ì, °F¬óŠð¬ì, «î˜Šð¬ì, î¬óŠð¬ì
ÝAò¬õ Þ¼‰îù. Üõ˜èœ ñ£, ðô£, õ£¬ö ÝAò èQèÀì¡ M¼‰«î£‹ð™ ªêŒîù˜.
Aö‚°, «ñŸ°, õì‚°, ªîŸ° ÝAò F¬êèO™ Üõ˜èO¡ Ý†CŠ¹è› ðóMJ¼‰î¶.
îIöèˆF¡ °P…C, º™¬ô, ñ¼î‹, ªïŒî™ ÝAò GôƒèO™ àœ÷ ¹ôõ˜èœ Þšõóê˜è¬÷
Þ‹¬ñJ½‹ ñÁ¬ñJ½‹ õ£›èªõ¡Á õ£›ˆFù˜.
M¬ì:
Í«õ‰î˜èOì‹, ï£Ÿð¬ìèÀ‹ Þ¼‰îù. º‚èQèÀì¡ M¼‰«î£‹ð™ ªêŒîù˜.
ï£ŸP¬êèO½‹ Üõ˜èO¡ Ý†C ¹è› ðóMJ¼‰î¶. îIöèˆF¡ äõ¬è GôƒèO½‹
àœ÷ ¹ôõ˜èœ Þšõóê˜è¬÷ Þ¼¬ñJ½‹ õ£›èªõ¡Á õ£›ˆFù˜.
4. M¬ùŠð°Fè¬÷ â„êƒè÷£è¾‹ ºŸø£è¾‹ ñ£ŸÁè.
Ìƒªè£® «ïŸÁ ðœO‚°„ ªê¡ø£œ(ªê™). î¡ «î£Nè¬÷‚ è‡´(è£‡)ñA›„C»ì¡
à¬óò£®ù£œ(à¬ó). H¡ù˜ õƒA‚°Š «ð£Œ(«ð£) î£¡ Ã´îô£è„ ªê½ˆFò(ªê½ˆ¶)
ªî£¬è¬ò F¼‹ðŠ ªðŸÁ(ªðÁ)‚ ªè£‡´ (ªè£œ)õ‰î£œ. õ¼‹ õNJ™ i†´‚° «õ‡®ò
(«õ‡´) ªð£¼œè¬÷ õ£ƒA, Üƒ° G¡ø(G™) «ð¼‰F™ ãP(ãÁ) i´ F¼‹Hù£œ(F¼‹¹).
www.tnpscjob.com
5. ªð£¼ˆîñ£ù îI› â‡è¬÷‚ ªè£‡´ GóŠ¹è.

îIN½œ÷ ªñ£ˆî â¿ˆ¶èœ àêâ.
Þ¬õ ºîªô¿ˆ¶, ê£˜ªð¿ˆ¶ â¡Á à HKõ£èŠ HK‚èŠð´‹. fc àJªó¿ˆ¶èœ
èÜ ªñŒªò¿ˆ¶èœ ÝAò é0 â¿ˆ¶èÀ‹ ºîªô¿ˆ¶èœ âùŠð´‹. ÞõŸ¬ø„ ê£˜‰¶
HøŠð¬õ ê£˜ªð¿ˆ¶èœ âùŠðÁ¡øù. ê£˜ªð¿ˆ¶èœ è0 õ¬èŠð´‹.
6. è£†C¬ò‚ è‡´ èMÂø â¿¶è.
àJ˜èOìˆ¶ Ü¡¹ «õ‡´‹
àJ˜Š ðC «ð£‚°ðõ¡
Ý‡ìõÂ‚«è
ªî£‡ì£ŸÁ‹ Ü®òõù£Aø£¡
àJ˜ «ïò«ñà‡¬ñ ï£èKè‹
àJ˜ «ïò‹ àœ÷õ«ó
ï£èKè˜ Ýõ£˜....
Ü‰«ïòñŸ«ø£˜ ïóè«ó
epw;f mjw;Fj;jf...
7. ï£¡ î¬ô¬ñŠ ªð£ÁŠHŸ° õ‰î£™..
z Ü¬ùõKìº‹ ð£°ð£®¡P ïì‰¶ ªè£œ«õ¡
z Þò¡øõ¬ó Hø¼‚° àî¾«õ¡.
z ªðK«ò£˜èO¡ ÜP¾¬ó¬ò‚ «è†´ ïìŠ«ð¡
z Ü¬ùõ¬ó»‹ ß´ð£†´ì¡ ðE¹Kò„ ªêŒ«õ¡.
z â¡ W› ðE¹K«õ£K¡ ²è ¶‚èƒèO™ ðƒ° ªè£œ«õ¡.
z Ü¡¹ èô‰î è‡®Š¹ì¡ èì¬ñò£ŸÁ«õ¡.
fiyr; brhy;yhf;fk;
ñQî‹ -& (Humane) ñQîŠ ð‡¹è÷£Aò ïŸð‡¹è¬÷‚ °PŠð¶.
ÝÀ¬ñ & (Personality) ¹øˆ«î£Ÿøˆ¬î ñ†´‹ °PŠð¶ Ü™ô ïŸð‡¹èœ ÝÀ¬ñˆ
î¡¬ñ, î¬ô¬ñŠ ð‡¹è¬÷»‹ °PŠð¶.
ð‡ð£†´‚ èöè‹ & (Cultural academy) ð‡ð£´, ï£èKèˆ¬îŠ ð¬øê£ŸÁ‹ Ü¬ñŠ¹
õêùèM¬î & (free verse) Þô‚èíˆ¶‚°œ è†´Šðì£¶. «ð²õ¶ «ð£™ è¼ˆ¬î‚
ÃÁõ¶.
àõ¬ñòE & (Simitee) å«óî¡¬ñ¬ò à¬óŠð¶.
à¼õè ÜE & (Metabhor) àõ¬ñ. àõ«ñò‹ å¡«ø â¡Á «î£¡ø‚ ÃÁõ¶.

www.tnpscjob.com
350 IX  Nh;ah  ,sikj; jkpnH bghJf; fl;Liufs;
bghJf; fl;Liufs;
1. fhyj;ij bty;Yk; fzpdp

Kd;Diu:
fle;j fhyj; jfty;fisj; jd;Ds; jf;f itj;Jk; epfH;fhyj; jfty;fis
mt;tg;nghJ bfhLj;Jk; tU=;fhyj;jpw;F ntz;oatw;iw cUthf;fpa[k; fzpdp
bray;gLtjhy; fz;zpDk; nkyhfg; nghw;wg;gLfpwJ.
fzpdpapd; njhw;wk;:
fzpdpapd; Kd;ndho vdg;gLtJ mngf;!; vdg;gLk; rPdh;fspd; mwptpay;
rhjdkhFk;. kpd;dQf; fzpdpia lhf;lh; Myd; vk;. #hp=; 1824 Mk; Mz;L
fz;Lgpoj;jhh;. \hh;th;L gy;fiyf;fHf nguhrphpah; lhf;lh; n\htz;l; jw;nghija
fzpdpia totikj;jhh;. Ng;gh; fzpdpia 1976 ? Mk; Mz;L mbkhpf;fuhd
thd;nl!!; cUtikj;jhh;.
,izajs trjp:
,izajsj;jpd; @yk; cyfpd; kWnfhoapy; cs;sthplKk; rpy behofspy;
bjhlh;g[ bfhs;s KofpwJ. kpd; m+;ry; mDg;gt[k; nehpy; ciuahLtijg; nghd;W
ciuahlt[k; gad;gLfpwJ.
gad;gLk; Jiwfs;:
thD}h;jp/ Vt[fiz/ ,uhf;bfl;/ fg;gy;fs;/ ntshz; fUtpfs;/ thdpiy
mwpt[g;g[/ tzpfk; nghd;W gy;ntW Jiwfspy; gad;gLfpwJ.
Kot[iu:
fzpdp thH;f;ifapd; caph;ehoahfp tpl;ljhy; fzpdpia Mf;f ntiyfSf;Fg;
gad;gLj;jp thH;f;ifapy; cah;nthk;. fzpdp rhh;e;j ntiytha;g;g[fs; ,d;W gy;fpg;
bgUfp cs;sjhy; fzpdp tHpf;fy;tpia ed;F fw;nghk;.
2. Rw;Wr;NHy; epiy
Kd;Diu:
J}a ePh;/ fhw;W/ epyk;/ xyp khriltjhy; ehs;njhWk; g[Jg;g[J neha;fSf;Fk;/
nghplh;fSf;Fk; Mshfpd;nwhk;. ,jidj; jtph;f;f Rw;Wr; NHiyg; ghJfhj;jpl ntz;Lk;.
www.tnpscjob.com
bghJf; fl;Liufs; IX  Nh;ah  ,sikj; jkpnH 351
fhw;W/ ePh;/ epyk; khRgLjy;:

bjhHpw;rhiyfs; ff;Fk; fUk;g[if fhw;Wld; fyg;gjhy; fhw;W btsp
khrilfpwJ. ,e;jpa ehl;oy; gha[k; MWfspy; 70% fHpt[fs; nrh;e;j fyg;gl ePuhf
cs;sJ. vhpbghUSf;fhf fhLfs; mHpf;fg;gLtjhy; kiH Fd;wp kz;tsk; Fiwe;J
epy=;fs; ghiy td=;fshf khWfpd;wd. bjhHpw;rhiyfs; btspapLk; ,urhadf;
fHpt[fshy; ePh; khRgLtJ fz;Tlhfj; bjhpfpwJ.
khRf;fl;Lg;ghL:
fHpt[fisf; Fiwj;jy;/ jpUk;gg; gad;gLj;Jjy;/ gpwpbjhd;whf khw;wy;
Kiwapy; khRf;fl;Lg;ghL bra;jy; ntz;Lk;.
khzth; g=;F :
khzth;fshfpa ehk; ,aw;ifnahL ,iae;j ,dpa thH;t[f;F ek;ik Maj;jk;
bra;J bfhs;nthk;. gs;spapy;/ tPLfspy;/ rhiy Xu=;fspy; ku=;fs; eLnthk;. rpW rpW
jLg;gizfs; fl;o kiH ePiur; nrkpg;nghk;/
Kot[iu:
``gRik v=;nfh tsik m=;nf~~ vd;gijg; nghy NHiyg; ghJfhj;J Rfkhf
thH;nthk;.
3. bgz; fy;tp
Kd;Diu:
jkpH;r; rKfhaj;jpy; ed;kjpg;g[g; bgw;wpUe;j bgz;fisg; gpw;fhyj;jpy;
tPl;ow;Fs; Klf;fp itj;jdh;. ehl;L tpLjiyf;Fg; nghuhoa bgz;fspy; gyh; r@f
tpLjiyf;Fg; nghuhodh;.
bgz;Qhpik:
bgz;fs; chpik bgw;Wg; g[J cyfg; gilf;f ntz;Lk; vd;W tpUk;gpath; gyh;.
MQf;Fg; bgz; ,isg;gpy;iy vd;W rpe;jpj;jhh; bghpahh;. bgz;fs; jk; fztDf;F
kl;Lk; ciHf;Fk; ;moikahf ,uhky;/ kdpj rKjhaj;jpw;Fj; bjhz;lhw;Wk; g[fH;bgw;w
bgz;kzpfshf khw ntz;Lk;.
bgz;fy;tp:
bgz;fs; Kd;ndw;wj;jpw;F bgUe;jil tPl;oy; mth;fis Klf;fp itj;jnj
vd;W bghpahh; nghd;nwhh; fUjpdh;. ekJ rKjhaj;jpy; bgz;fs; rhh;e;j jiyfPHhd
xU g[ul;rp Vw;gl;lhbyhHpa bghpa khWjy;fisf; bfhz;L tutpayhJ. Mz;fs;
bgz;fisg; gof;f itf;f ntz;Lk;. mth;fSf;F cyfg; gog;g[k; Muha;r;rpg; gog;g[k;
jhuhskha;f; bfhLf;f ntz;Lk;. bgz;fs; fy;tp bgWtJ mth;fs; chpik kl;Lkd;W"
r@f khw;wj;jpw;F kpf ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;.
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rKjhaj;jpy; bgz;fs; epiy:

gFj;jwptw;w rPtd;fsha;g; bgz;fis itj;jpUf;Fk; bfhLik xHpf;fg;gl
ntz;Lk;. murpay;/ ePjpj;Jiw/ fhty;Jiw/ ,uhQtk; nghd;w gy Jiwfspy; bgz;fs;
kpsph;e;jhYk; gy epiyfspy; Mz;fisr; rhh;e;nj ,Uf;f ntz;o cs;sJ. ``bgz;fs;
r@fj;jpd; fz;fs;~~ vd;W TWk; epiy cUthf ntz;Lk;.
brhj;Jhpik:
bgz;fSf;Fr; brhj;Jhpik bfhLj;J tpl;lhy;/ mth;fSf;F ,Uf;Fk; vy;yh
tifahd moikj;jd=;fSk; xHpe;J nghFk;. bgz;zoik vd;gjw;Fs;s fhuz=;fs;
gytw;wpy; brhj;Jhpik ,y;yhjJ vd;gnj Kjd;ikahd fhuzk;. bgz;fSf;Fr;
brhj;Jhpik jw;nghJ fpilj;J cs;sjhy; xust[ bgz;fs; epiy cah;e;Js;sJ.
kzf;bfhil:
jkpHfj;jpy; bgw;nwhh; gyh; jk; kfdpd; fy;tpf;fhfr; brytHpj;j gzk;/ j=;fs;
flikiar; nrh;e;jJ vdf; fUjhJ/ mij Vnjh xU bjhHpypy; nghl;l KjyPlhff;
fUjpf; bfhz;L me;j KjyPl;il tl;oa[ld; nrh;j;nj/ mtDf;F tug;nghfpd;w kidtp
@yk; kzf;bfhilaha;g; bgw;Wtpl ntz;Lbkd;W Jof;fpd;wdh;.
rKjhaj;jpy; Kiwahd xGf;fKk; md;g[k; jpahf czh;r;rpa[k; Vw;gl;lhy; jhd;
,k;khjphpahd jPikfis xHpf;f ,aYk;.
bgz;fy;tpahy; Vw;gLk; khw;w=;fs;:

fztid ,He;j bgz;fs; kWkzk; bra;J bfhs;Sk; epiy ,d;W cUthfp
cs;sJ. bgz;fSk; Mz;fisg; nghy; muRg; gzpfspy; ,d;W mkh;e;Js;sdh;.
bgz;fSf;F ,d;W brhj;Jhpik fpilj;Js;sJ. fw;bgd;gJ Mz;/ bgz; ,Ughyh;f;Fk;
bghJthdJ vd;w fUj;J gutp cs;sJ.
Kot[iu:
bgz; fy;tpapdhy; ,d;W rKjhaj;jpy; xU jiyfPH; khw;wk; Vw;gl;Ls;sJ.
murh=;fj;jpd; midj;Jj; JiwfspYk; bgz;fs; gzpahw;Wk; epiy Vw;gl;Ls;sJ.
,d;Dk; bgz;fspd; epiy nkk;gLk; vd cWjp Vw;nghk;.
4. nrkpg;g[
MfhW mstpl;o jhapDk; nfoy;iy
nghfhW mfyhf; fil ? jpUf;Fws;
Jd;gj;ijj; Juj;jp/ ,d;gj;ijj; Ja;j;J mwj;ijg; nghw;wp itaj;Js; thH;th=;F
thH bghUs; mtrpak;. bghUspd; njit czh;e;J mij ehk; nrkpf;Fk; gHf;fj;ija[k;
bgWjy; ntz;Lk;. mj;jifa nrkpg;gpd; rpwg;ig ,f;fl;Liu thapyhff; fhz;nghk;.
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bghJf; fl;Liufs; IX  Nh;ah  ,sikj; jkpnH 353
nrkpg;g[:
md;whlj; njit/ mtruj; njit/ vjph;fhyj; njit ? ,e;jj; njitfis
epiwt[ bra;a nrkpg;ng tif bra;fpd;wJ. ghLgl;Lg; bghUs; njLfpd;w fhyj;jpny
nrkpg;g[ kpft[k; njitahfpwJ.
rpf;fdj;ijg; gw;wpa gHbkhHpfs;:

z m+;ryf khjhe;jpu nrkpg;g[
z Ma[s; fhg;gPl;Lr; nrkpg;g[
z t=;fpfspy; nrkpg;g[j; jpl;lk;.
Kjypait nrkpg;g[ tHpfshf ,Uf;fpd;wd. ,g;bghGJ kf;fs; g=;Fr; re;ij
rhh;e;j (kpa{r;Rty;) gz;l; kw;Wk; yhgfukhd g=;Ffis th=;fpa[k; nrkpf;fpd;wdh;.
nrkpg;g[d; gad;fs;;:
tut[f;F Vw;g bryt[ bra;J tutpy; xU gFjpiar; nrkpj;njhkhdhy; vjph;ghuhj
tifapy; Vw;gLk; bryt[fisr; rkhspf;fyhk;. tU=;fhyj;jpy; nkw;gog;gpw;Fk; jpUkzk;
nghd;w Rgfhhpa=;fSf;Fk; nrkpg;g[ mtrpakhf mikfpwJ.
Kot[iu:
khzhf;fh;fs; jk; ,sikg; gUtj;jpnyna nrkpf;Fk; gHf;fj;ij tsh;j;jhy;
jhKk; tsk; bgw;W ehl;ila[k; tsk;bgwr; bra;ayhk;.
``rpf;fdk; tPl;ilf; fhf;Fk;~~
``nrkpg;g[ ehl;ilf; fhf;Fk;~~.
5. E}yfk;
Kd;Diu:
``Mwpy;yh CUf;F mHF ghH;
E}yfk; ,y;yh CUf;F mwpt[ ghH;~~
vd;gjidg; nghy mwpit tsh;f;Fk; ,lkhd E}yfk; Ch;njhWk; bjUnjhWk;
gs;spnjhWk; ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;.
`È}ysnt MFkhk; Ez;zwpt[~~ vd;W xsitahh; TWtijg; nghy; ehk;
vt;tst[ gof;fpnwhnkh me;j mstpw;F ekJ mwpt[ tsUk;.
gs;sp E}yfk;:
bkhHpf;fy;tpapd; xU fUt{ynk gs;sp E}yfk;jhd;. fw;gidf; fijfs;/
g[uhzf; fijfs;/ rpWfijfs;/ mwptpay; cz;ikfs;/ Muha;r;rpf; fl;Liufs; vd gs;sp
E}yfj;jpy; cs;s gyjug;gl;l g[j;jf=;fis vLj;J khzth;fs; gaDs;s tifapy;
thrpf;f ntz;Lk;. thrpf;Fk; gHf;fk; @ynk gy jiyth;fs; j=;fsJ mwpit
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nkk;gLj;jpa[s;sdh;. njitf;nfw;g g[jpa g[jpa g[j;j=;fis E}yfj;jpy; th=;fp gof;fg;

gHf;f ntz;Lk;.
bghJ E}yfk;:
jkpHf muRjhd; ,e;jpahtpnyna Kjd;Kiwahf 1948 ? Mk; Mz;L
brd;idg; bghJ E}yfr; rl;lj;ij ,aw;wp E}yfg; gzpfspd; rPuhd bray;ghl;ow;F
tpj;jpl;lJ. ``Ch;njhWk; E}yfk;~~ vd;gijf; Fwpf;nfhshff; bfhz;L jkpHf bghJ
E}yfj;Jiw bray;gLfpwJ.
gad;fs;:
bghUshjhuj;jpy; gpd;j=;fpa khzth;fSk; mjpf tpiya[s;s E}y;fisr;
brytpd;wp gof;f cjt[tJ E}yfnk. ,d;W nghl;oj; njh;t[fSf;Fk; ngr;R/ fl;Liu/
ftpij/ tpdho ? tpdh nghl;ofSf;F jahhpg;gjw;Fk; E}yfnk rpwe;j fUtpahFk;. xU
g[j;jfk; E}W ez;gh;fSf;Fr; rkk;. kdpjdpd; fz;Lgpog;g[fspy; kpfr;rpwe;jJ g[j;jfk;
jhd;. xUtd; g[j;jf=;fisg; goj;J g[jpa tpra=;fs; bjhpe;J bfhs;shky; ,Ug;gij
tpl gpwthky; ,Ug;gnj ey;yJ vd;fpwhh; rh;r;rpy;.
thrpg;nghk; nerpg;nghk;:
mwpit tphpt[ bra;- mfz;lkhf;F vd;gJ ghujpjhrdpd; btWk; ghly;
thpfsy;y. khzth;fSf;fhd ntjthf;F ifngrp/ ,izak;/ KfE}y;/ fl;brtp
m+;ry; nghd;wtw;wpy; j=;fspd; neuj;ij gyh; mjpfstpy; tPzhf;Ftjhy; thrpf;Fk;
gHf;fk; kpft[k; Fiwe;Js;sJ. bra;jpfisg; ghpkhwpf; bfhs;Sk; rhjhuz jsk; jhd;
r@f tiyjs=;fs;. mwpit tsh;g;gjw;F E}yf=;fns jFe;j ,lkhFk;.
Kot[iu:
``mikjpnahL kjp tsh;f;Fk; ,lk;. gz;ghL nghjpf;Fk; gaDs;s ,lk;.
tpiy kjpg;gpy;yhj E}y;fs; trpg;gplk;/ g[ul;l g[ul;l g[j;jpia tH=;Fkplk;. muRg; gzp
Ml;rpg;gzp fpilf;Fkplk;. fld; nfl;fhj ey;y ez;gd; thGkplk;~~ vd;gjw;nfw;g
E}yfk; bry;nthk;. thrpg;ig tHf;fkhf;fpf; bfhs;nthk;.
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bjhFj;jwp kjpg;gPL IX  Nh;ah  ,sikj; jkpnH 355
bjhFj;jwp kjpg;gPl;Lj; njh;t[

jkpH; Kjy; jhs;
(bra;a[s;/ ciueil)
tFg;g[: 9
neuk; : 2.30 kzp kjpg;bgz;fs;: 60
I. gyt[s; bjupf. 5 × ½ = 2½
1. Xuwpt[/ @twpt[/ Ie;jwpt[ ? ,t;thpirf;fhd vLj;Jf;fhl;L vit>

m) ej;ij/ vWk;g[/ Jk;gp M) ej;ij/ kuk;/ gwit
,) kuk;/ vWk;g[/ gwit <) vWk;g[/ Jk;gp/ ez;L
2. bghUj;jkhd tpiliaj; njh;e;bjL.
m) rpWg+;r @yk; ? 1. fhg;gpa ,yf;fpak;
M) FLk;g tpsf;F ? 2. r=;f ,yf;fpak;
,) rPtf rpe;jhkzp ? 3. mw ,yf;fpak;
<) FWe;bjhif ? 4. jw;fhy ,yf;fpak;
i) m?3 M?4 ,?1 <?2 ii) m?2 M?3 ,?1 <?4
iii) m?3 M?1 ,?4 <?2 iv) m?4 M?1 ,?2 <?3
3. gy;yth; fhyr; rpw;g=;fSf;Fr; rpwe;j rhd;W ............

m) khky;yg[uk; M) gps;isahh; gl;o
,) jphpg[tdtPnuRtuk; <) jhof;bfhk;g[
4. ``rPtf rpe;jhkzp~~ ? E}Yf;Fhpa ntW bgah; ahJ>
m) bghJkiw M) kz E}y;
,) Fokf;fs; fhg;gpak; <) jkpH;bkhHpapd; cgepljk;
5. àh~ kuk; ve;j epyj;jpy; tsUk;>
m) ghiy M) bea;jy; ,) Fwp+;rp <) kUjk;
II nfhol;l ,l=;fis epug;g[f. 5 × ½ = 2½

6. rdp ePuhL vd;gJ ............ g[ythpd; thf;F.
7. ,e;jpa tpz;btsp Ma;t[j; jpl;lj;jpd; je;ij vd;W miHf;fg;gLgth; ............
8. fh+;rp vd;why; ............ vd;gJ bghUs;.
9. mte;jp ehl;L kd;ddpd; tuyhw;iwf; TWk; E}y; ............
10. ehd;for; rpw;bwy;iya[k; vl;log; ngbuy;iya[k; bfhz;l vl;Lj;bjhif E}y; ............
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356 IX  Nh;ah  ,sikj; jkpnH bjhFj;jwp kjpg;gPL
III bghUj;Jf. 4×½=2

11. @tY}h; ,uhkhkph;jk; ? ehl;od; Kjy; bgz; Mrphpah;
12. Kj;Jbyl;Rkp mk;ikahh; ? r@fj; jd;dhh;tyh;
13. rhtpjpj;jphpgha; g{ny ? jkpHfj;jpd; Kjy; bgz; kUj;Jth;
14. gz;oj ukhgha; ? njtjhrp xHpg;g[r;rl;lk;
IV vitnaDk; vl;L tpdhf;fSf;F tpilasp. 8 × 1½ = 12

15. fz;zp vd;gjd; tpsf;fk; ahJ>
16. ``cz;o bfhLj;njhh; caph; bfhLj;njhnu~~ ? Fwpg;g[j; jUf.
17. fz;zd; g[Fe;j ge;jy; vt;thW ,Ue;jJ>
18. fKF kuk; vijj; njoaJ>
19. ``FWe;bjhif~~ ? bgah;f;fhuzk; TWf.
20. ``Tty;~~ vd;W miHf;fg;gLtJ vJ>
21. ,iza tHpapy; ,a=;Fk; kpd;dQ ,ae;jpu=;fspy; vitnaDk; Ie;jpid vGJf.
22. ``brg;g[j; jpUnkdpfs;~~ gw;wpf; Fwpg;g[ tiuf.
23. c=;fs; Chpy; cw;gj;jpahFk; bghUs;fisa[k; re;ijapy; fhQk; bghUs;fisa[k;
xg;gpl;L vGJf.
24. gFj;jwpt[ vd;why; vd;d>
V vitnaDk; Ie;jDf;F MW thpfspy; tpilasp. 5 x 3 = 15

25. gl;l kuj;jpd; tUj;j=;fs; ahit>
26. vd; rkfhyj; njhHh;fns ftpijapy; ftp+h; tpLf;Fk; ntz;Lnfhs; ahJ>
27. tpijf;fhkny Kisf;Fk; tpijfs; ? ,j;bjhlhpd; tHpr; rpWg+;r@yk; bjhptpf;Fk;
fUj;Jfis tpsf;Ff.
28. ehaf;fh; fhyr; rpw;g=;fspd; El;g=;fs; ahit>
29. rpf;fdk; Fwpj;j bghpahhpd; fUj;Jfis tpthp.
30. ``mLj;j jiyKiwf;Fk; jz;zPh; njit~~? mjw;F ehk; bra;a ntz;oait ahit>
31. ntshz; cw;gj;jpapd; gz;ghl;L milahs ePl;rpia tpsf;Ff.
VI ghlypd; bghUSzh;e;J tpdhf;fSf;F tpilasp. 1×2=2

32. fhyk; gpwf;Fk; Kd; gpwe;jJ jkpnH- ve;jf;
fhyKk; epiyaha; ,Ug;gJk; jkpnH-
mfkha;g; g[wkha; ,yf;fpa=;fs; ? mit
mike;jijr; brhy;Yk; ,yf;fz=;fs;
epfhpy;yhf; fhg;gpag; g{td=;fs; ? cd;
be+;rk; elj;jl;Lk; Ch;ty=;fs;-
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tpdhf;fs; :
m) ,t;tofs; mike;j ghliy vGjpath; ahh;>
M) mfkhft[k; g[wkhft[k; mike;jit vit>
,) eP=;fs; mwpe;j fhg;gpak; xd;wd; bgaiu vGJf.
<) jkpH; vg;nghJ gpwe;jjhff; ftp+h; TWfpwhh;>
VII gjpide;J thpfspy; tphpthd tpilasp. 2×4=8
33. bghpa g[uhzk; fhl;Lk; jpUehl;Lr; rpwg;g[fisj; bjhFj;J vGJf.

(my;yJ)
Vkh=;fj ehl;L tsk; Fwpj;j tUzidfis Ek; Chpd; ts=;fnshL xg;gpLf.
34. jpuhtpl bkhHpfspd; xg;gpay; Ma;tpw;Fj; jkpnH bgUe;Jizahf ,Uf;fpwJ vd;gij

vLj;Jf;fhl;LfSld; tpthpf;f.
(my;yJ)
jkpH;ehl;Lr; rpw;g=;fs; fiyeak; kpf;fdthft[k; tuyhw;Wg; gjpt[fshft[k; ,Ug;gij
rpw;gf;fiy thapyha; epWt[f.
VIII gjpide;J thpfspy; tphpthd tpilasp. 2+2+2=6

35. ``ms;sw;~~ vd;W bjhl=;Fk; Kj;bjhs;shapuk; ghliy vGJf.
36. ``g{thJ~~ vd;W bjhl=;Fk; rpWg+;r@yg; ghliy mokhwhky; vGJf.
37. ``RHd;Wk;~~ vd;W bjhl=;Fk; Fwis vGJf.
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bjhFj;jwp kjpg;gPl;Lj; njh;t[

jkpH; ,uz;lhk; jhs;
(Jizg;ghlk;/ ,yf;fzk;/ bkhHpj;jpwd;)
tFg;g[: 9
neuk; : 2.30 kzp kjpg;bgz;fs;: 60
I gyt[s; bjhpf. 10 × ½ = 5
1. bgah;g; gadpiyf;F Vw;w bjhlh; vJ>
m) vGjpdhd; mkyd; M) mkyd; vGjpdhd;
,) mkyDf;F vGjpdhd; <) vGjpaJ mkydh>
2. rhpahd Tw;wpidj; njh;t[ bra;f.
m) `M~ ? vd;gJ vjph;kiw ,ilepiy
M) tPl;ow;nfhh; g[j;jfrhiy vd;gJ ? mz;zhtpd; nkilg; ngr;R
,) tpy;Yg;ghl;L: Xh; ,yf;fpa totk;.
i) m/ , ? rhp/ m ? jtW ii) m/ , ? rhp/ M ? jtW
iii) @d;Wk; rhp iv) @d;Wk; jtW
3. ``fHy; gzpe;jhd;~~ ? ,j;bjhlhpy; mike;Js;s MFbgah; ................

m) brhy;yhF bgah; M) jhdpahF bgah;
,) ,lthF bgah; <) fhhpathF bgah;
4. ``khl;rp~~ vd;gJ ................
m) bjhHpw;bgah; M) tpidahyiza[k; bgah;
,) gz;g[g; bgah; <) chpr;brhy;
5. nfoy;tpGr; bry;tk; fy;tp xUtw;F
khly;y kw;iw ait
? ,f;Fwspy; gapd;W te;Js;s mzp>
m) brhy;gpd;tU epiyazp M) bghUs; gpd;tUepiyazp
,) brhw;bghUs; gpd;tUepiyazp <) t+;rg;gf [ H;r;rpazp
6. ghjphp xj;j g{/ bra; nfhyk; ? ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;g[j; jUf.
m) cUtfj;bjhlh;/ tpidj;bjhif M) ctikj;bjhlh;/ tpidj;bjhif
,) tpidj;bjhif/ gz;g[j;bjhif <) tpidj;bjhif cUtfk;
7. kunth; vd;gJ ................ g[zh;r;rp.
m) ,ay;g[ M) jphpjy; ,) njhd;wy; <) bfLjy;
8. ``jpUtsh; bry;td;~~ ? ,=;F ty;ypdk; kpfhikf;Ff; fhuzk; ................
m) tpspj;bjhlhpy; kpfhJ M) tpidj;bjhifapy; kpfhJ
,) vGtha;j;bjhlhpy; kpfhJ <) bgabur;rj;jpy; kpfhJ
9. fiyaurd; ey;y ez;gd; ? ,j;bjhlhpy; `èy;y~~ vd;gJ ................
m) tpidail M) bgauil
,) Kjy; tpid <) Jiz tpid
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10. ``fhyj;jpdhy; bra;j ed;wp rpwpbjdpDk;

+hyj;jpd; khzg; bghpJ~~ ,f;Fwspd; <w;Wr;rPhpd; tha;ghL ahJ>
m) ehs; M) kyh; ,) fhR <) gpwg;g[
II RUf;fkhf tpil jUf. 10 × ½ = 5

11. Rl;blGj;Jf;Fg; gpd; ty;ypdk; kpFk; vd;gjw;F rhd;W jUf.
12. chpa ntw;Wik cUig ,izj;J vGJf: ehd; jpUr;rp brd;nwd;. (I/ F/ My;)
13. brag;ghl;L tpidj;bjhluhf;Ff: ntyd; bghk;ik bra;jhd;.
14. gHbkhHpiar; brhw;bwhlhpy; mikj;jpLf:
fpzw;Wj; jz;zPiu bts;sk; bfhz;L nghfhJ.
15. gpwbkhHpr; brhw;fisj; jkpHhf;fk; bra;f:
bla;yp ehd; gad;gLj;Jk; vyf;l;uhdpf; fUtpfSs; Kjd;ikahdJ bry;nghd;.
16. brhy;Yf;Fs; brhy; njLf: m) filbaG ts;sy;fs; M) vLg;ghh; ifg;gps;is
17. gpiH ePf;fp vGJf:
Nwhtspapd; nghJ nky;khoapy; j=;fhky; jiuj;jsj;jpnyna j=;fpajhy; jg;gpj;jhd;.
18. brhw;fisj; bjhlh;fshf khw;Wf:
,a=;F ? jd;tpid/ gpwtpidj; bjhlh;fshf khw;Wf.
19. brhw;bwhliu tphpthf;Ff:
tpisahLtJ ed;W. (Xoaho/ khiyapy;/ nrh;e;J/ jplypy;/ midtUld;)
20. kug[g;gpiH ePf;fp vGJf: nfhHpf;Fl;ofisg; gpof;f g{idf;F+;Rfs;; Xod.
III RUf;fkhf XhpU thpfspy; (Ie;jDf;F kl;Lk;) tpil jUf. 5 × 2 = 10

21. mir vj;jid tifg;gLk;> mit ahit>
22. gz;ghFbgaiu tpsf;Ff.
23. cUtf mzpia vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; tpsf;Ff.
24. ``bra;ahnj~~ ? gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk; jUf.
25. jw;fhyj; jkpH;g; gad;ghl;oy; fhzg;gLfpd;w chpr;brhw;fis vGJf.
26. ``kzpaHF~~ ? gphpj;Jg; g[zh;r;rp tpjp jUf.
27. gpd;tUtdtw;wpy; ty;ypdk; kpfyhkh>
m) ij g{rk; M) fpsp ngr;R ,) TlbfhL <) jkpH;njd;
IV vitnaDk; ,uz;lDf;F tpilasp. 2x3 =6

28. CHp bgahpDk; jhk;bgauhh; rhd;whz;ikf;(F)
MHp vdg;gL thh; ? myfpl;L tha;ghL jUf.
29. tpidg;gFjpfis vr;r=;fshft[k; Kw;whft[k; khw;Wf:
fkyh new;Wg; gs;spf;Fr; ................. (bry;) jd; njhHpfisf; ................. (fhz;)
kfpH;r;rpa[ld; ................. (ciu). gpd;dh; t=;fpf;Fg; ................. (ngh) jhd; TLjyhfr;
................. (brYj;J) bjhifiaj; jUk; ................. (bgW) ................. (bfhs;) te;jhs;.
30. jkpbHz;fspy; vGJ.
m) cd; tFg;g[ khzth; vz;zpf;if .................
M) jkpHpy; capbuGj;Jfs; .................
,) jpUf;Fwspy; cs;s mjpfhu=;fs; .................
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<) thf;fspf;Fk; chpik taJ .................

c) jkpH;bkhHpapy; cs;s bkhj;j vGj;Jfs; .................
C) jkpHpyf;fzk; ................. tifg;gLk;.
V vitnaDk; ,uz;lDf;F tpilasp. 2x4=8

31. E}yfk;/ E}y;fs; Fwpj;j mz;zhtpd; fUj;Jfs; ahit>
32. gz;ghl;Lf; TWfisg; ngzpg; ghJfhf;f ehk; bra;a ntz;oa bray;fs; ahit>
33. eh.Kj;Jf;Fkhh; jd; kfDf;F vGjpa[s;s fojr; bra;jpfisj; bjhFj;J vGJf.
VI eak; ghuhl;;Lf. 4 × 3 = 12
34. taypilg; g[Fe;jha; kzpf;fjph; tpisj;jha;
tise;Jbry; fhy;fshy; Mnw-
maYs Xilj; jhkiu bfhl;o
Mk;gypd; ,jH;fis tphpj;jha;
faypilr; br=;fz; fUtuhy; this
fiutsh; bjd;idapy; ghag;
bgahpilg; gl;l thbddj; njhd;Wk;
bgU=;Fsk; epiwe;J tpl;lhna-
35. fhl;rpiaf; fz;L ftpDw vGJf.
36. bkhHp bgah;j;jpLf.

m) An Early Morning walk is a a blessing for the whole day.
M) The art of people is a true mirror to their minds.
,) The biggest problem is the lack of love and charity.
37. ftpij vGJf: gs;sp (my;yJ) el;g[
VII VnjDk; xd;wDf;F tpilasp. 1x7=7

38. c=;fs; gs;sp ,yf;fpa kd;wj;jpd; rhh;gpy; eilbgw ,Uf;Fk; cyfj; jha;bkhHp ehs;
tpHhtpw;fhd epfH;r;rp epuiy totikf;f.
(my;yJ)
``vdJ gazk;~~ vd;w jiyg;gpy; cdJ gaz mDgt=;fis tUzpj;J vGJf.
VIII. VnjDk; xd;wDf;F Fwpg;g[fisf; bfhz;L tpilasp. 1x7=7

39. ePhpd;wp mikahJ cyF ? ePhpd; ,d;wpaikahik ? ePh; epiyfs; ? ePh;g;gw;whf;Fiw ?
ePiur;nrkpj;jy; ? epyj;jo ePh;kl;lk;.
(my;yJ)
Kd;Diu ? MHpg;nguiy ? Rdhkpapd; tpist[ ? ghJfhg;g[ ? rpwg;g[g; gapw;rp ? Kot[iu.

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Corporate Office : Registered Office :

vz; ,ay; ghlj;jiyg;g[fs; gf;fk;

mwk;/ jj;Jtk;/ jhnth nj $p=; 298

xd;gJ kdpjk;/ MSik FWe;bjhif 332

X/ vd; rkfhyj; njhHh;fns- caph; tif

jpuhtpl bkhHpfs; jkpH; kiyahsk; bjY=;F fd;dlk; JS

jpuhtpl bkhHpfspd; bghJg;gz;g[fs; :

fw;git fw;wgpd; gf;fk;: 7

1. c=;fs; bgaUf;fhd tpsf;fk; bjhpa[kh> c=;fs; bgaUk; ez;gh; bgaUk; jdpj;jkpHpy;

rpj;jh; ? +hd rpj;jp bgw;wth;

1. tsh;j;jJ ? tsh; + j; + j; + m + J 2. tsh;g;gha; ? tsh; + g; + g; + Ma;

3. gha;e;jd ? gha; + j;(e;) + j; + md; + m 4. g[ide;J ? g[id + j;(e;) + j; + c

7. g[Jg;g[J tot=;fspy; ftpij E}y; ,aw;wpath; ............ tpil : jkpHd;gd;

fw;git fw;wgpd; gf;fk;: 9

1 gpwbkhHp fyg;gpd;wpj; jdpj;jkpHpy; ,uz;L kzpj;Jspfs; tFg;giwapy; ngRf. gpwbkhHpf;

kdpjdpd; if tz;z=;fs; Ie;jpw;F nky; ,y;iy ePnah/ g[yth;fs; fz;lile;j Fwpy;/

3. brhy;ypa ? brhy; + ,(d;) + a; + m 5. cilaha; ? cil + a; + Ma;

4. bgw;wha; ? bgW(bgw;W) + Ma;

vl;lHF bgw;w fl;lHFj; jkpnH :

13. J}J ,yf;fpak; ghlg;gLk; ghtif ............ tpil : fyp btz;gh

fw;git fw;wgpd; gf;fk;: 12

1. ekJ vz;z=;fisa[k; fUj;Jfisa[k; vspjhf vLj;Jiuf;f cjt[tJ jkpH; bkhHp vd;w

,yf;fpaj;jpw;F ,aw;brhy;/ jphpbrhy;/ jpirr;brhy;/ tlbrhy; vd ehd;F brhw;fisa[k;

E}y; Fws; /fhg;gpak; rkak; Mrphpah;

fw;git fw;wgpd; gf;fk;: 17

1. eP=;fs; ehs;njhWk; tFg;giwapy; kpFjpahfg; gad;gLj;Jk; brhw;fisg; gl;oaypl;L/

2. ciuahliy epiwt[ bra;f. mtw;Ws; ,lk;bgWk; gpwbkhHpr; brhw;fisj; jkpHhf;fk;

,d;wpaikahj ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;g[fs;

2. <Wbfl;l vjph;kiwg; bgabur;rk; :

12. gz;g[j; bjhif :

21. bra;a[k; vd;Dk; tha;g;ghl;L tpidKw;W :

30. ,ilf;Fiw tpfhuk; :

fw;git fw;wgpd; gf;fk;: 23

1. bjhlh;fis khw;wp cUthf;Ff.

M) gjpt[bra; (bra;tpid/ brag;ghl;Ltpidj; bjhlh;fshf khw;Wf)

7. nth;r;brhy;iy itj;Jr; brhw;bwhlh;fis cUthf;Ff.

bjd;wy; ? thu ,jH;

,) brhw;bwhlh; tiffis mwpe;J/ mit vt;thW ngRtjw;Fk; vGJtjw;Fk; gad;gLfpd;wd

<) te;jpUg;gth;fs; midtUk; ,Uf;ifapy; mkUkhW nfl;Lf;bfhs;sg; gLfpwhh;fs;.

bkhHpia Ms;nthk; gf;fk;: 27

3. milg;g[f;Fs; cs;s brhw;fisg; bghUj;jkhd tpidKw;whf khw;wp/ nfhol;l ,l=;fspy;

mHF vd;Dk; ngbuhG=;nf/ bka;na/ kf;fs;

,yf;fpa eak; ghuhl;Ljy;

8. epfH;r;rp epuy; totikf;f :

bkhHpnahL tpisahL gf;fk;: 28

1. me;jhjpr; brhw;fis cUthf;Ff.

5. milg;g[f;Fs; cs;s brhw;fisf; bfhz;L vGtha;/ tpid mo/ tpidf;Fg; bghUj;jkhd

vGtha;'bgah; tpidmo jd; tpid gpwtpid

c=;fSila ehl;Fwpg;gpy; ,lk; bgw;w xUthuj;jpw;Fhpa kfpH;r;rpahd bra;jpfisf; bjhFj;J

g[jd; tFg;gpy; nfl;ghuw;Wf; fple;j q 500I vLj;J chpathplk; bfhLj;njd; ?

+hapW E}yfj;jpy; goapy; js;shoa bghpatiu ifg;gpoj;J tHp elj;jpndd; ?

czbtdg; gLtJ epyj;bjhL ePnu:

4. `,e;jpa ePh;g;ghrdj;jpd; je;ij~ vd;W nghw;wg;gLgth; ............

7. jpUkzk; Koe;j gpd; bjhlh; epfH;it ............ vd;gh;.

8. bghUe;jhj ,iziaj; njh;e;bjL.

fw;git fw;wgpd; gf;fk;: 37

1. ePhpd;W mikahJ cyF/ ePhpd;W mikahJ ahf;if ,t;tpuz;L bjhlh;fisa[k;

,BJ jpUts;Sth; Twpa Tw;W. ,BJ Flg[ytpadhh; ghz;oad; beL+;

2. tPLfspy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; jz;zPh; v=;fpUe;J fpilf;fpwJ> ,jw;fhd ePh; v=;fpUe;J

Mrphpah; Fwpg;g[ gf;fk;: 39

ftp+h; jkpH; xsp bjd;dhw;fhL khtl;lk; Fwp+;rpg;ghoiar;