INTRODUCTION OF PROPAGANDA

Propaganda is a specific type

of message presentation
aimed at serving an agenda.
At its root, the denotation of
propaganda is “to propagate
(actively spread) a
philosophy or point of view”.
The most common use of the term (historically) is in political
contexts; in particularly to refer to certain efforts sponsored by
government or political groups.

ORIGIN OF PROPAGANDA
Propaganda was not an American invention. The term
originated with the Roman Catholic congregatio de propaganda
Fide, and order of the church establish by papal bull in 1622.
The term propaganda came to refer to a certain type of
communication strategy.
The ultimate goal of propagandists is to change the way people
act and to leave the believing that those action are voluntary,
that the newly adopted behaviors and the opinion are their
own.
WHAT IS PROPAGANDA?
Propaganda appears in a variety
of forms.
Propaganda is strategic and
intentional.
Propaganda aims to influence
attitudes, opinions and behavior.
Propaganda can be beneficial or
harmful.
Propaganda may use truth, half-truths or lies.
To be successful, propaganda taps into our deepest values,
fear, hopes and dreams.
Propaganda uses any means to accomplish its goal.

POSITIVE OF PROPAGANDA
However this propaganda can be used in a
positive way, it can be used the selective
presentation of information to reach the public
with the goal of promoting health, safety and
other issues that the public would be interested
by.
Even during war time there were helpful posters to warn the
public.
NEGATIVE OF PROPAGANDA
Many people associate propaganda in a
negative way because it was used in a
powerful way in the wartimes.
The countries that were at War used radio,
newspaper, posters and other media to
get people to join the army.
For example:
Uncle Sam, a representation of America,
encouraging people to join the army.

Where is propaganda used?

Propaganda can be used in several areas, such as commercial
advertising, public relations, political relations, political
campaigns, diplomatic negotiations, legal arguments, and
collective bargaining. It can be targeted toward groups of
varying size and at the local, national, or global event.

Propaganda often provokes instinctive

emotional responses that lead people to draw
hasty conclusions.

“This poster appeals to feelings of pity and guilt”

Similarly, this poster appeals not to logic,
but to fear and anger.

Rather than suggesting a specific course of

action, the poster simply describes a
frightening scenario.

The previous examples of propaganda were created during

World War II. However, propaganda can still be found today, all
over the world.
The same approach that convinces us to buy a certain brand of
toothpaste one day may be used the next day to incite nuclear
war. That is why it is important to know how to recognize and
analyze propaganda.

QUALITIES OF PROPAGANDA
The manipulation of groups of people through information and
use of language.
Must include three basic qualities:

(1) Dehumanization of one’s opponent, devaluing their stance.

(2) Nationalization of one’s audience, building a boundary
between “us” and “them”.
(3) Work to produce economic or political value within a group
or nation.
CHARACTERISTIC S OF PROPAGANDA
 Propaganda is in the eye of the beholder.
I’m persuading. The other guy is using propaganda”.
 Propaganda has a strong ideological bent.
E.g. PETA, Queen Nation, or the Army of God.
 Propaganda is institutional in nature. It is practiced by
organized groups.
Governments, corporations, social movements,
special interests.
 Propaganda relies on mass persuasion
Television, radio, internet, billboards.
 Propaganda tends to rely on ethically suspect methods of
influence.
Deception, distortion, misrepresentation, or
suppression of information.

SOCIAL MEDIA AND PROPAGANDA

At least novel aspects in the relationship between social media
and propaganda are worth considering:
1. Digitally mediated participation in the creation and
proliferation of propaganda and various online content-related
activities, including various forms of engagement with content
(form commenting to complaining).
2. Digitally mediated participation in online and offline action
triggered by propaganda, beyond content-related activities and
relying on various forms of crowd sourcing.
3. The action of disconnection, using digital means to affect the
immediate cutting of social ties, including inflowing, unfriendly
or blocking.

PROPAGANDA IN RELATION TO MEDIA

Media use propaganda to persuade people’s attitude, beliefs
and behavior.
Working of propaganda in media is the spreading of ideas,
information, or rumors for the purpose of helping or injuring an
institution.

EXAMPLE:
“Horse-Race Coverage” focuses on winners and losers and
who’s ahead.
Media declares a candidate who wins an early primary, even
with a small margin as the front runner.
Only front runners are able to attract millions of dollars in loans
and campaigning contributions.
By the time nominating convention starts candidates are known
and allows party’s to produce huge made of television
productions.
PUBLIC INTERACTION IN PROPAGANDA
Propaganda has been an effective
tool to shape public opinion and
action for centuries. Since
propaganda and public relations
both share the goal of using mass
communication to influence public
perception, it can be easy to conflate
the two. Propaganda, however,
traffics in lies, misinformation,
inflammatory language, and other negative communication to
achieve an objective related to a cause, goal or political agenda.
Though propaganda techniques can be employed by bad actors
on the world stage, these same concepts can be utilized by
individuals in their interpersonal relationships. Regardless of
how propaganda is employed, these common techniques are
used to manipulate others to act or respond in the way that the
propagandist desires.

PSYCHOLOGY AND PROPAGANDA

Propaganda is to be contrasted with
those types of communication that
make use of factually accurate and
logically adequate explanation. It is
related to “persuasion,” which connotes
with people and a more through
marshalling of evidence.
The conception of propaganda is psychologically significant.
When program of publicity differ in the amount of reflective
thought which they stimulate, such differences are clearly
psychological. There are, however, certain popular conceptions
of propaganda which must be carefully eliminated from the
psychological description of this class of phenomena.
Four principles followed in propaganda are as under:
(1) Rely on emotions, never argue.
(2) Cast propaganda into the pattern of “we” versus an
“enemy”.
(3) Reach groups as well as individual.
(4) Hide the propagandist as much as possible.

POLITICS AND PROPAGANDA

The impact of political propaganda depends on audience
characteristics, especially partnership.
Such permeating propaganda may be used for political goals:
By giving citizens a false
impression of the quality or
policies of their country, they
may be incited to reject
certain proposals or certain
remarks or ignore the
experience of others.
Propaganda has become more common in political contexts, in
particular to refer to certain efforts sponsored by governments,
political groups, but also often covert interests. In the early
20th century, propaganda was exemplified in the form of party
slogans. Propaganda also has much in common with public
information campaigns by governments, which are intended to
encourage or discourage certain forms of behavior (such as
wearing seat belts, not smoking, not littering and so forth).
Again, the emphasis is more political in propaganda.
Propaganda can take the form of leaflets, posters, TV and radio
broadcasts and can also extend to any other medium.
“HERE ARE SOME POLITICAL PROPAGANDA”
EAT MORE PROUD TEAM WORK WIN

This poster was created

A poster showing which during the First World
A poster which shouts “all work
foods should be War to encourage the
is important” released during
consumed during the people of America to
World War Two.
First World War. stick together during the
war effort.
CONCLUSION:

I N conclusion, the
implication of propaganda
is multiple, both positive
and negative, it is very
important how information is
managed. Misinformation plays
a strategic role in achieving
certain hidden goals. Regarding
this phenomenon of social
influence, George Orwell draws attention to the doublethink
concept in which he underlined the autonomic relationship
between thinking and speech. The double language is used in
the propaganda and war speech to influence public opinion
behavior and transform it in to a vector of pressure.

There is an increase in the role of the media and the fast

communication techniques in society, due to the interest of the
public. But the major importance of the ability to discern
between correct information, publicity and manipulation needs
to be considered. Absence of information or uncontrolled
information amplifies the crisis/conflict. Thus, control of
information and reality is very important in a democratic
society.