7.
VIA GROUP ELEMENTS
CHEMISTRY
FINAL WRAP UP
* General electronic configuration : ns2np4
* Elements: 8 O, 16 S, 34 Se, 52Te, 84 Po
* Molecular formula, physical state and meta-
llic character: O2 (gas), S8 (solid non-metal),
Se and Te (solid metalloids), Po (radioactive
metal)
* First four elements are called chalogens which
means ore forming elements.
* Physical properties:
* Atomic and ionic radii increase down the
group.
* Ionization enthalpy decreases down the group
and is less than that of group - 15 elements due
to stability of half filled p-subshell of group-15
elements.
* Electronegativity decresases down the group.
* Electron gain enthalpy for oxygen is less
negative than sulphur due to its small size.
However, from sulphur onwards it again
becomes less negative upto polonium.
* Metlting and boiling points increase down the
group with incrase in atomic size upto Te while
Po has both m.pt. and b.pt. less than that of Te.
* Elemental state: Oxygen is diatomic (O2) due
to pQ  pQ multiple bonding. S, Se and Te exist
as octa atomic (S8, Se8, Te8) due to absence of
pQ  pQ multiple bonding.
Hydrides
* General formula of group 16 hydrides is H2E.
* Physical state : H2O is liquid while all other
hydrides are gases.
* Boiling point : H2S < H2Se < H2Te < H2O
* Volatility : H2S > H2Se > H2Te > H2O
* Bond angle: H2O > H2S > H2Se > H2Te
* Acidic character: H2O < H2S < H2Se < H2Te
* Reducing power: H2Te > H2Se > H2S < H2O
* Thermal stability: H2O > H2S > H2Se > H2Te
Oxides :
* All group 16 elements form oxides of the type
EO2 and EO3.
* Both types of oxides are acidic in nature.
* Reducing property decreases from SO2 to TeO2.
Halides :
* Gorup 16 elements form halides of the type
EX6, EX4 and EX2.
* Stability of the halides decreases in the order
F– > Cl– > Br– > I– .
* Amongst hexabalides, only hexafluorides are
stable and they have octahedral structure.
* Amongst tetrafluorides SF 4 is a gas, SeF 4 a
liquid and TeF 4 a solid. They have trigonal
bipyramidal structure.
* All dihalides have tetrahedral structure.
* Monohalides exist as dimer.
* Dioxygen:
* Preparation:
2KClO3 }}}m
% 2KCl  3O ;
MnO2 2

}}% m 4Ag  O ;
* All the elements of group-16 exhibit allotropy.
2Ag3O s
s
2(g)
* Chemical properties:
* Oxidation state: Oxygen shows oxidation 2pb3 O 4 s
}}
% m 6PbO  O ;
s
2(g)
states of 2, 1,  12 ,0, 1and  2 while other
elements show oxidation state of -2, +2, +4 and
+6. The stability of -2 oxidation state decreses
down the group due to decrease in electro-
negativity and stability of +4 oxidation state
increase and that of +6 oxidation state decrease
* Properties:
- Oxygen is colourless and odourless gas,
soluble in water and paramagnetic in name.
- Dioxygen directly reacts with all metals
(except noble metals like Au, Pt); non-metals
and some noble gases.
down the group due to inert pair effect. 2Ca  O 2 m 2CaO (Basic oxide)

* They react with hydrogen, and halogens to form

4Al  3O2 m 2Al2 O3 (Amphoteric oxide)
hydrides and haldies. P4  5O2 m P4 O10 (Acidic oxide)

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C  O 2 m CO 2 (Acidic oxide) * Sulphur dioxide (SO2):

2ZnS+3O 2 m 2ZnO+2SO 2 (Roasting)

* Preparation : S  O 2 m SO2

SO 32   2H  m H 2 O  SO 2 [lab preparation]
CH 4  2O 2 m CO 2  2H 2 O (Combustion)
2ZnS  3O2 m 2ZnO  2SO2
2SO2 + O2 }}}m 2SO
V2O5
3
(Catalytic oxidation)
[By product of roasting of sulphide ores]
4HCl  O 2 }}}
2
m 2Cl2  2H 2 O
CuCl * Physical properties: Colourless gas with
pungent smell, highly soluble in water,
(Catalytic oxidation)
liquifies at room temperature at 2 atm, boils at
Oxides: 263 K.
* Simple oxides - MgO, Al2O3 * Chemical Properties:
* Mixed oxides - Pb3O4, Fe3O4 ZZX H 2SO3
SO2  H 2 O YZZ
* Acidic oxides - SO2, Cl2O7, CO2, N2O5 2NaOH  SO2 m Na 2SO3  H2 O
* Basic oxides - Na2O, CaO, BaO Na 2SO3  H2 O  SO2 m 2NaHSO3
* Amphoteric oxides - Al2O3 SO 2  Cl2 m SO 2 Cl2
* Neutral oxides - CO, NO, N2O
2SO2  O2 }}} m 2SO3
2 5 VO

Ozone (O3)
Bleaching action:
* Preparation: 3O2 }}}}}}m 2O
electric disch arg e
SO2  2H 2 O }}
m H2SO4  2 <H>
* Properties : It is a pale blue gas, dark blue
liquid and violet black solid.
Coloured matter + [H] }}m Colourless matter.
mO O
Reducing nature:
O3 ·¸ 2Fe 3  SO 2  2H 2 O }}
m 2Fe 2   SO24   4H 
PbS  4O m PbSO  4O ¹
2
Oxidising action
4 2
  5SO2  2MnO 4  2H 2 O }}
m 5SO24   4H   2Mn 2
* 2I (aq)  H 2 O (l)  O 3 m 2OH (g)  I 2(g)  O 2(g) ·
¹
Reducing action (used for estimation of O3 by * Oxoacids of sulphur:
reacting I2 with hypo.) O
* Allotropes of sulphur: S S
* Rhombic sulphur ( B -sulphur): Has S 8 HO O O
HO
molecules, yellow in colour, m.p. 385.8 K, HO HO
specific gravity 2.06, insoluble in water, H2SO4 H2SO4
Sulphurous acid Sulphuric acid
soluble in CS2.
* Monoclinic sulphur ( C -sulphur) : Has S 8
molecules, colourless needle shaped crystals, O O O O
m.p.393 K, specific gravity 1.98, soluble in
S S S S
CS2.
O O O O O O O
* S 8 ring (both in rhombic and monoclinic HO HO HO HO
sulphur) is puckered and crown shaped. H2S2O8 H2S2O7
* In cyclo S6 the ring has chair form. Peroxodisulphuric acid Pyrosulphuric acid (Oleum)
* At elevated temperatures (-1000 K) S2 is the * Sulphuric acid (H2SO4): It is also known as
dominant species and is paramagnetic like O2. oil of vitriol and king of chemicals.

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* Preparation: It is manufactured by contact 2. Pure ozone is : (Select correct option)
process which involves the following steps: 1) A pale blue gas 2) A dark blue liqud
3) Violet black solid 4) All
S  O 2 }}
m SO 2
3. Which of the following is responsible for the
2SO2  O2 }}} m 2SO3
2 5 VO
depletion of ozone layer ?
SO3  H 2SO4 }}
m H2 S2 O7 1) Nitrogen oxide emitted from the exhaust
systems of supersonic jet.
H2 S2 O7  H 2 O }}
m 2H2SO4 2) Aerosol sprays
* Physical properties: H2SO 4 is a colourless, 3) Refrigerants 4) All of these
dense, oily liquid with specific gravity of 1.8 4. A considerable part of the harmful UV rays of
at 298 K. the sun does not reach the surface of the earth.
* Dilution of sulphuric acid in water is highly This is bacause high above the earth’s
exothermic hence conc. acid must be added atmosphere, there is a layer of
into water with constant stirring. 1) O3 2) CO2 3) SO2 4) NO
* Chemical properties: 5. Which of the following statements is true about
 · ozone layer ?
H 2 SO 4  H 2 O }}
m H 3O  HSO
¸
1) It is harmful because ozone is dangerous to
HSO 4  H 2 O }}
 2
m H 3O  SO 4 ¸
¹ living organism.
Strong dibasic acid 2) It is beneficial because oxidation reaction
can proceed faster in the presence of ozone.
NaOH  H 2 SO 4 }}
m NaHSO 4  H 2 O 3) It is beneficial because ozone cuts out the
(Acid sulphate) ultraviolet radiation of the sun.
2MX  H 2 SO 4 }}m NaSO 4  2H 2 O 4) It is beneficial because ozone cuts out the
important radiation of the sun which are vital
(Normal sulphate) for photosynthesis
2MX  H 2 SO 4 }}
m 6. Which of the following does not react with O2
Less volatile acid

directly ?
2HX  M2SO 4 X  F,Cl,NO3
1) Zn 2) Ti 3) Pt 4) Fe
more volatile acid

M  Metal

C12 H 22 O11 2 4
}}}m 
H SO
12C 11H 2 O
7. Ozone is obtained from oxygen:
1) By oxidation at high temperature
(Strong dehydrating agent)
Cu  2H 2SO4 Conc.
}}m CuSO  SO  2H O
4 2 2
2) By oxidation using a catalyst
3) By silent electric discharge.
3S  2H 2SO 4 Conc.
}}
m 3SO2  2H 2 O 4) By conversion at high pressure

C  2H 2SO4 Conc.
}}m CO  2SO  2H O
2 2 2
8. 4HCl  O2 }}}
X

m 2Cl2  2H2 O X is:

1) COCl2 2) CuCl2 3) V2O5 4) FeO
CONCEPTUAL BULLETS
9. SO2 acts as ________ agent and TeO2 acts as
1. About H2SO4 which is incorrect ? ________ agent
1) Reducing agent 1) Oxidising, oxidizing
2) Dehydrating agent 2) Oxidising, complexing
3) Sulphonating agent 3) Reducing, complexing
4) Highly viscous 4) Reducing, Oxidizing

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BULL'S EYE EXERCISE 8. The most abundant element in the earth’s crust
is
1. Which of the following reactions depict the
1) Aluminium 2) Oxygen
oxidising behaviour of H2SO4 ?
3) Silicon 4) Iron
1) 2PCl5  H2SO4 m 2POCl3  2HCl  SO2Cl2
2) NaOH  H 2 SO 4 m Na 2 SO 4  2H 2 O 9. Which of the following statements is false for
3) NaCl  H2SO4 m 2POCl3  2HCl  SO2 Cl2 group 16th group elements ?

4) 2HI  H 2 SO 4 m I 2  SO 2  2H 2 O 1) Oxygen is a gas while other elements exist

as solids.
2. Which of the following contain S=S bond
2) Sulphur exists as staggered 8-atom rings.
1) H 2S2O3 2) H 2S2O8 3) H2S2O7 4) H2SO4
3) Density in solid state decreases from oxygen
3. The correct order the thermal stability of the to tellurium.
following hydrides is:
4) First ionisation energy of sulphur is higher
I) H2O II) H2Se III) H2S IV) H2Te than that of selenium.
1) I > II > III > IV 2) I > III > II > IV
10. Which element of chalcogens has maximum
3) III > I > IV > II 4) IV > III > II > I tendency to show catenation?
4. The boiling points of hydrides of group 16 are 1) Oxygen 2) Selenium
in the order 3) Sulphur 4) Tellurium
1) H2Te > H2Se > H2S > H2O
11. Which one of the following hydrides is the
2) H2O > H2S > H2Se > H2Te strongest acid ?
3) H2O > H2Te > H2Se > H2S
1) H2S 2) H2Se
4) H2O > H2Se > H2S > H2Te
3) H2Te 4) H2O
5. The increasing thermal stability of the hydrides
12. Which of the following compounds is the
of group 16 follows the sequence:
strongest reducing agent ?
1) H2O, H2S, H2Se, H2Te
1) H2O 2) H2S
2) H2Te, H2Se, H2S, H2O
3) H2Se 4) H2Te
3) H2S, H2O, H2Se, H2Te
4) H2Se, H2S, H2O, H2Te 13. Which of the following are peroxoacids of
sulphur ?
6. Which of the following hydride is most acidic
? 1) H2SO5 and H2S2O8
1) H2Te 2) H2Se 3) H2O 4) H2S 2) H2SO5 and H2S2O7
7. H2S is far more volatile than water because: 3) H2S2O7 and H2S2O8
1) Sulpur atom is more electronegative than 4) H2S2O6 and H2S2O8
oxygen atom 14. Hot conc. H 2 SO 4 acts as moderately strong
2) Oxygen being more electronegative than oxidising agent. It oxidises both metals are non-
sulphur forms hydrogen bond. metals. Which of the following elements is
3) H2O has bond angle of nearly 105o oxidised by conc. H 2SO 4 into two gaseous
4) Hydrogen atom is loosely bonded with products ?
sulphur 1) Cu 2) S 3) C 4) Zn

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15. In the formation of an oxide ion O2–(g), the first 6. The acid which has a peroxy linkage is :
step is exothermic where as 2 nd step is 1) Sulphurous acid 2) Pyrosulphuric acid
endothermic, this is because :
3) Dithionic acid 4) Caro’s acid
O(g)  e  }}
m O( g) ; % Ho y 142kJmol 1
7. If X is a member of chalcogen family, the
O  (g)  e  }}
m O2 (g ) ; % H o y 844kJmol 1 highest stability of X2– is exhibited by :
1) Oxygen is more electronegative.
1) Oxygen 2) Selenium
2) Oxygen has high electron affinity.
3) Tellurium 4) Sulphur
–
3) O ion will tend to resist the addition of
8. Which one of the following statement is
another electron
false ?
4) O – ion has comparatively larger size than
1) Because of the compact nature of oxygen
oxygen atom.
atom, it has less negative electron gain
16. The physical state of SF4, SeF4 and TeF4 is enthalpy than sulphur.
1) gas, solid, solid 2) gas, liquid, solid 2) Next to fluorine, oxygen has the highest
3) gas, gas, gas 4) gas, liquid, liquid electronegativity value amongst the elements
(exclude zero group).
17. Identify false statement for B and C sulphur
3) There is large difference in the melting and
1) density B > C 2) melting point C > B boiling points of oxygen and sulphur be-
369K
3) B YZZZZ
ZZZZZ
369K
ZC
X 4) B is S8 and C is S6. cause oxygen exists as diatomic molecules
(O2) where as sulphur exists as polyatomic
CHALLENGER'S EXERCISE molecules (S8)
1. Out of H 2S 2 O 3 , H 2S 4 O 6 , H 2SO 5 and H 2 S 2 O 8 4) None
peroxy acids are: 9. It is possible to obtain oxygen from air by
1) H2S2O3, H2S2O6 2) H2S4O6, H2SO5 fractional distillation because
3) H2SO5, H2S2O8 4) H2S2O3, H2S2O8 1) Oxygen is in a different group of the periodic
table from nitrogen
2. In the reaction O3  I 2  H 2 O m X
 O2 . The 2) Oxygen is more reactive than nitrogen
compound (X) is :
3) Oxygen has higher b.p than nitrogen
1) HIO3 2) HI 3) HIO4 4) I2O5 4) Oxygen has a lower density than nitrogen
3. Which of the following is oxidised by O3 ? 10. Which of the following bonds has the highest
1) K2MnO4 2) Fe2(SO 4)3 energy ?
3) KMnO4 4) K2Cr2O7 1) Se  Se 2) Te  Te 3) S  S 4) O  O
4. Ozone with KI solution produces (pH = 9.2) 11. On addition of conc.H2SO 4 to a chloride salt,
1) Cl2 2) I2 3) HI 4) IO 3 colourless funmes ar e evolved but in case of
iodide salt, violet fumes come out. This is
5. SO2can reduce : because
1) Fe3+ to Fe2+ 1) H2SO4 reduces HI to I2
2) Cr2 O 27  
/ H to Cr 3
2) HI is of violet colour

3) MnO 4 / H to Mn  2
3) HI gets oxidised to I2
4) All to these 4) HI changes to HIO3

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12. Which of the following is not tetrahedral in 2. The compound which on strong heating gives
shape? oxygen is
1) NH 4 2) SiCl4 1) AgNO3 2) BaO2
3) SF4 4) SO 24 3) Pb(NO3)2 4) All of these
13. Oxidation of sulphur by conc. H 2 SO 4 is an 3. Which one of the following gives mixture of
example of SO2 and SO3 on heating ?
1) Disproportionation step 1) ZnSO4 2) CuSO4
2) Double displacement reaction 3) Fe2(SO4)3 4) FeSO4
3) Chemical combination type of redox reaction
4. Which of the following behaves as both
4) Comproportionation reaction
oxidising and reducing agents ?
14. The incorrect statement regarding ozone 1) H2SO4 2) SO2
1) The central oxygen atom is SP2 hybridized 3) H2S 4) HNO3
2) The two O - O bond lengths in O3 are equal
5. Which one of the following property is not
due to resonance
correct for ozone?
3) With BaO2 it reacts to produce H2O2
1) It oxidises lead sulphide.
4) It causes tailing of Hg
2) It oxidises potassium iodide
15. The number of S = O and S - OH bonds present 3) It oxidises mercury
in peroxodisulphuric acid and pyrosulphuric
4) It cannot act as bleaching agent
acid respectively are
1) (2, 2) and (2, 2) 2) (2, 4) and (2, 4) 6. Correct statement about allotropy of sulphur
is
3) (4, 2) and (2, 4) 4) (4, 2) and (4, 2)
1) Monoclinic sulphur is more stable than
16. S8 }}m X }}}}m Y ; What is X and Y ?
% %
~1000K
rhombic sulphur at room temperature.
2) Both monoclinic and rhombic sulphur have
1) X = Monoclinic S, Y = Rombic S
same ring structures and crystalline structure.
2) X = Monoclinic S, Y = S2
3) Rhombic sulphur exists at room tempe-
3) X = S6 (Chair), Y = S2 rature.
4) X = Monoclinic S, Y = S2 4) None of these

17. X(s)  O3 }}m Y  O , X and Y are

(s) 2
7. Which of the following statement is false ?
black white
1) Superoxides give hydrogen peroxide and
–
1) I and I2 2) PbS and PbSO4 oxygen with water.
3) Cu and CuSO4 4) NO and NO2 2) CrO3 is an acidic oxide.

BRAIN STORMING EXERCISE 3) SnO2 is an amphoteric oxide.

4) KO 2 is peroxide which with H 2 O forms
1. The following catalyst is used in the
manufacturing of sulphuric acid by lead hydrogen peroxide only.
chamber process. 8. Which of the following acts as semi metal ?
1) NO 2) NO2 3) Pt 4) V2O5 1) S 2) Te 3) Po 4) O

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 CHEMISTRY
9. The conversion of oxygen to ozone occurs to
BULL'S EYE EXERCISE
the extent of 15% only. The mass of ozone that
can be prepared from 67.2 L of oxygen at 1atm 1) 4 2) 1 3) 2 4) 3 5) 2
and 273K will be 6) 1 7) 2 8) 2 9) 3 10) 3
1) 14.4gm 2) 96gm 11) 3 12) 4 13) 1 14) 3 15) 3
3) 640gm 4) 64gm
16) 2 17) 4
10. 20 mL of a mixture of oxygen and ozone was
CHALLENGER'S EXERCISE
heated till ozone is completely decomposed.
The mixture on cooling was found to have a 1) 3 2) 1 3) 1 4) 2 5) 4
volume of 21mL.The volume percentage of 6) 4 7) 1 8) 4 9) 3 10) 3
ozone in the initial gaseous mixture is
11) 3 12) 3 13) 4 14) 3 15) 4
1) 20% 2) 10% 3) 80% 4) 30%
16) 3 17) 2
KEY SHEET
BRAIN STORMING EXERCISE
CONCEPTUAL BULLETS
1) 1 2) 4 3) 4 4) 1 5) 3 1) 1 2) 4 3) 4 4) 2 5) 4

6) 3 7) 3 8) 2 9) 4 6) 3 7) 4 8) 2 9) 1 10) 2

fff

224 NEET Master Capsule for Sri Chaitanya Students