Shade selections in

FPD
 color
Is the result of alight source , the object O
that absorbs, transmits, reflect or
scatters the light from the source, and
interpretation of the result by the
human visual system so without light
.color does not exist
 light
It form if visible energy that is part of the
.radiant energy spectrum
Radiant energy possesses specific wave
length, which may be used to identify the
.type of energy
The eye is only sensitive to the visible por
.on the spectrum (380-750)
 Different wave length
constitute different color
When pure white light passed through a
prism ,we can see color of white light,
shorter wave length bend more than
.longer wave length
 Color mixture
:Primary colors
.Red, green, blue
:Additive mixture system
Mixing of two light mixture primary colors
.Red+blue=magenta
.Red + green=yellow
.Green + blue=cyan
Pigment mixture system
.Yellow, cyan, magenta
 Munsell color system
Used to describe definite color system in a visual
.order system
Munsell define three dimension or qualities for
:color
hue: quality by which distinguish one color family ,
from another ( Varity of color), there are ten hue
:color families
R-red. 2. YR-yellow green. 3.Y-yellow 4.GY-. 1
.greenyellow
G-green.6.BG-bluegreen.7.B-blue. 8.PB-.5
purpleblue
.P-purple 10.RP-redpurple.9
Value: quality that distinguish a light color
from a dark one or relative brightness of
object(lightness 0r darkness),range from
,zero to ten
black is zero(0) and white is ten(10)
Chroma: quality of color by which
distinguish a strong color from a weak one
.(the intensity or saturation of hue)
The degree of departure of a color
sensation from that of white or gray ; the
intensity of a distinctive hue , color
.intensity
Factors influence the apparent
color of an object
:Nature of light )1
There is three light sources incandescent
.light, fluorescent light and natural light
Most dental offices are outfitted with
incandescent and fluorescent light.
Incandescent light emits high concentration
of yellow waves matching. While fluorescent
light emits high concentration of blue waves
.both of two not suitable for shade matching
Natural daylight considered the best closest
to emitting the full spectrum of white light
used as the standard by which to judge other
light sources
At morning and evening light spectrum
rich in yellow/orange ,lacks blue/green
because shorter wavelength scatter
before penetrating the atmosphere While
at mid-day time (hours around noon)
where full spectrum of colors visible
consider ideal for color matching
Physical properties of object :When )2
light strikes an object ,and according to
the physical properties some wavelength
are absorbed by the object , while others
transform through it , the remaining are
reflected , color of an object –light that is
.actually reflected by the object
True color characteristic and appearance
of depth translucency in a natural tooth
can not be correctly perceived unless the
.tooth is free of plaque and surface stains
Tooth must be kept moist during shade
selection . The color environment
surrounding an object influences the color
of the tooth significantly (gum, lips color
.and color behind object )
: Subjective assesment of observer )3
The light first penetrates a layer of nerves
fiber ,then passes through several layers
of cells , and finally reaches the rods and
cones which are embedded under . The
rods and cones of the retina from the
chief component of the retinal receptor
complex . The rods detects only lightness
and darkness(value) . The cons perceive
chromatic aspects of an object (hue and
chroma)
In color – deficient person which is defect in
color vision attacks 8% of males and 0.5%
females , several variation exist
Achromatism- complete lack of hue
sensitivity
Dichromatism- sensitivity to two primary
hues
Anomalous trichromatism- sensitivity to all
three hues with abnormality in retinal cones
affecting one primary pigments
Dentists should have their color vision
evaluated if any deficiency is detected , a
dentist should seek assistance when
.selecting tooth shades
Principles of shade selection
Teeth to be matched must be clean and moist .1
Remove bright colors from field of view .2
makeup/tinted eye glasses _
bright gloves_
neutral operatory walls _
View patient at eye level .3
Evaluate shade under multiple light sources. 4
Make shade comparisons at the beginning of .5
appointment
Shade comparison should be made quickly to avoid eye. 6
fatigue
Selection distance – a selection made at 3-6 feet from .7
oral cavity is often more useful since it is representative of
the condition under which the patient teeth will most often
.be observed
 Shade selection
Traditional shade involves matching one
or more selected colors from a range of
shade tabs to the teeth adjacent or
contralateral to the teeth to be restored .
This serves as a guide to the lab
technician fabricating the crown or the
bridge i.e. it is the process of replicating
of the color of the adjacent teeth in
artificial prosthesis , we have different for
.shade selection
: Visiual shade matching
Shade guide are examples of various
color combination available from
manufactures of denture teeth ,
.restorative resins and porcelains
These samples are compared with the
natural teeth and the closest color match
is determined, most commonly use shade
.guide in FPD
Vita classic shade guide :Very popular
shade guide, tabs of similar hue are
:clustered into letter groups
A(red-yellow) , B(yellow) , C(grey), D(red-
yellow-gray)
How to use vita class guide
Manufacturer recommended sequence
:for shade matching as
Hue selection 2. Chroma selection.1
Final check / revision.3
 :b) Vita-3D-Master shade guide
More precise shade guide tooth color
divided into 5 level of value, for each
group deviation from medium hue
.towards yellow or red
In the medium(M) hue there are three
.levels of color samples for chroma
Deviation toward more yellowish of hues
(L) or more reddish hues(R) exist in 2
.chroma
How to use vita-3D-master
shade guide
Step 1:Determine the lightness level
(value). Hold shade guide to patient's
mouth and start with darkest group
moving to the left. Select value group
.1,2,3,4or5
Step 2: Select the chroma from your
selected value group, remove the middle
tab(M)and spread the samples out like a
fan , select one of three shade samples to
.determine chroma
Step 3:detemin the hue and check
weather the natural tooth is more
yellowish or more reddish than the shade
.sample selected
Instrumental color
analysis(digital shade – scanning
devices)
They are available which can be used to
.select the shade
The tooth should be clean and free of
debris, hold the probe perpendicular to
tooth because there is variation in the
color depend on where the probe is
located so tip is centered (1-2 mm from
gingival and incisal edge) or do three
.zone(gingival , middle and incisal)