~ Khi muén dign dat muc dich (purpose) hoae sy cho phép (permission). Ex: The children need a big yard which they can play in. >The children need a big yard to play in. (Bon tré cdn mgt edi sdn rong dé choi dia.) Here is a form that you must fill in. : -sHere is a form for you to fill in. (Day 1a mdu don dé anh dién vao.) T don’t like him playing in the streets; I wish we had a garden that he could play in. cots; I wish we had a garden for +1 don’t like him playing in the str 1 den for him to play in. (Toi khong thich nd choi dita ngoai duong; t6i ude gi ching ti c6 mot khu vudn dé né choi dita trong sén.) } EXERCISES LL Complete the sentences. Put in relative pronouns only if you have to. If the sentence is correct without relative pronouns, write @. Also add commas where necessary. ‘The man ______paid for the meal was a friend of Tom's. The meeting we had to attend went on for three hours. My office, Jeon the second floor of the building, is very small. Jane works for a company makes shoes. ‘The woman ______I was sitting next to,talked alll the time. ‘This sehool is only for children ____ first language is not English. Laura had a wooden box, _____ she kept her photos in. T don't know the name of the woman to_____ I spoke on the phone. . Towns ‘attract tourists are usually crowded in the summer. 10. Somewhere I've got a photo of the mountain ______ we climbed. 11. The sun, is one of millions of stars in the universe, provides us with heat and light. 12. I thought I recognized the assistant served us. 13, Which is the European country economy is growing the fastest? 14, John, speaks French and Italian, works as a tour guide. 15. The detective lost sight of the man he was following. 16. She told me her address, I wrote down on a piece of paper. 1, Sarah, you met yesterday, works in advertising. 18, I'm afraid the numbers I chose didn’t win the prize. 19. Electronics is a subject about I know very little. 20, Mark, _ ear had broken down, was in a very bad mood. peneaseye Il, Use a relative pronoun to combine each pair of the sentences. If the relative pronoun can be omitted, write it in brackets. 1. Professor Wilson is an excellent lecturer. He teaches Chemistry. 2. The man is a famous actor. You met him at the party last night. 3, There are some words. They are very difficult to translate. 4, The student writes well. I read her composition. CHUONG 3: MENH DE VA CUM TU (CLAUSES AND PHRASES) 271 ~~ Scanned with CamScanner5. Jim's sister is a famous architect. You met her yesterday. 6. Ireceived two job offers. I accepted neither of them. 7. Lwas looking for a book this morning. I've found it now. 8, Mrs Smith does volunteer work at the hospital. She is a retired teacher. 9, Ilive in adormitory. Its residents come from many countries. 10, Lake Prespa is a lonely beautiful lake. It’s on the north Greek border. 11. The little girl ate candy the whole way. She sat next to me on the coach. 12. The police blocked off the road. That caused a traffic jam. 18, Felix Reeve is a journalist. His tape recorder was stolen. 14, This famous picture is worth thousands of pounds. It was damaged during the war. 15, The village has around 200 people. The majority of them are farmers. 16. I don't know the name of the woman. I spoke to her on the phone. 17, We often go to visit our friends in Bristol. It is only 30 miles away. 16, Ihave to call the man, I accidentally picked up his umbrella after the meeting. 19. Louis knows the woman. The woman is meeting us at the airport tomorrow. 20. The scientist has won the Nobel Prize. He discovered a new planet. 21. The river is the Wye. It flows through Hereford. 22, We climbed to the top of the tower. We had a beautiful view from there. 23, A few days ago I met Diana, I hadn't seen her for ages. 24, This is a photograph of our friends. We went on holiday with these friends. 28. This famous painting was damaged during the war. Its value is inestimable. Ill, Choose the correct, explanation of the meaning of each sentence. 1. The students, who attend class five hours per day, have become quite proficient in their new language. a. All of the students attend class for five hours per day. b. Only some of the students attend class for five hours per day. 2. The students who attend class five hours per day have become quite proficient in their new language. a. All of the students attend class for five hours per day. b. Only some of the students attend class for five hours per day. | 3. ‘The orchestra conductor signaled the violinists, who were to begin playing. a. All of the violinists were to begin playing. b. Only some of the violinists were to begin playing. 4, The orchestra conductor signaled the violinists who were to begin playing. a. All of the violinists were to begin playing. b. Only some of the violinists were to begin playing. 5. I put the vase on the top of the TV set, which is in the li a. I have more than one TV set. b. [have only one TV set. : 6. I put the vase on the top of the TV set which is in the living room. a. [have more than one TV set. ing room. 272 cuit THicH NGO PUAP TENG ANH Scanned with CamScannercacao 10. a 12. N. i b. [have only one TV set. ‘Trees which lose their leaves in winter are called deciduous trees. a. All trees lose their leaves in winter. b. Only some trees lose their leaves in winter. Pine trees, which are evergreen, grow well in a cold climate, a, All pine trees are evergreen. b. Only some pine trees are evergreen. ‘The teacher thanked the students, who had given her some flowers, a. The flowers were from only some of the students. b. The flowers were from all of the students. ‘The teacher thanked the students who had given her some flowers. a. The flowers Were from only some of the students. b, The flowers were from all of the students. Roberto reached down and picked up the grammar book, which was lying upside down on the floor. a. There was only one grammar book near Roberto. b. There was more than one grammar book near Roberto. Roberto reached down and picked up the grammar book which was lying upside down on the floor. a. There was only one grammar book near Roberto. b. There was more than one grammar book near Roberto. Complete the sentences. Use the sentences in the box to make relative clauses with where or wher, you phoned th |S people'can. I can’t remember the name of the garage i July is the month ____—_——— Tl never forget the day i Thatrestairany et! Coe ee Unfortunately I wasn’t at home the evening —__——___________— ‘The old man wants to go back to the village : Tiscmmearisaplec | ee 1960 is the year : , is a famous vacation spot. Hawaii, near here? Combine the sentences by using relative adverbs. ‘This is the place. The accident cccurred there. 7:05 is the time. My. plane arrives at that time. eHUGNG 3: MENH DB VA cy TU (CLAUSES AND purases) 273 Scanned with CamScannerT'll show you the second-hand bookshop. You can find valuable books in this shop. The reason is to invite you to my party. I'm phoning you for this reason. Mark likes to travel at sight The roads are quiet at that time. The Riverside Restaurant) ‘is very beautiful. I once had lunch with Henry in this restaurant. She doesn’t want to speak to the cause. She divorced her husband for this cause. The days were the saddest ones. I lived far from home on those days. * . A café isa small restaurant. People can get a light meal there. 10. You didn’t tell us the reason. We had to cut down our daily expenses for that reason. Vi. Complete the advertisement. Put in who, whom, whose, which, where or why. The town of Keswick, (1), lies at the heart of the Lake District, is the per- fect place for a holiday, and the Derwent Hotel, (2) overlooks the town, is the perfect place to stay. Robin and Wendy Jackson, (3) bought this smal] hotel three years ago, have already won an excellent reputation. Robin, (4). cooking is one of the reasons (5) the Derwent is so popular, was once Young Chef of the Year. The comfort of the guest, (6) the owners treat almost as members of the family, always comes first. Peter Ustinov, (7). once stayed at the hotel, de- scribed it as ‘marvellous’. And the Lake District, (8) has so much wonderful Seenery and (9)___the post Wordsworth lived, will not disappoint you, VIL Use a relative pronoun or relative adverb to combine each pair of sentences, 1. The student is from China. He sits next to 2. ‘The Old Man and the Sea’ is an interesting novel. It was written by Ernest Hemingway. 3. The professor is excellent. I'm taking his course. 4. Mr. Smith said he was too busy to speak to me. I had come to see him, 5. The man is my father. I respect this man most. 6. Doyou know the reason? Marta left for this reason. 7. Tom has three sisters. All of them are married, 8 Irecently went back to Paris. It is still as beautiful as a pearl. 9. recently went back to Paris. I was born in Paris nearly 50 years ago, 10, Laura couldu’t find the box. She kept her photos in that box. 11. Art Golding was a famous actor. He played the ship's captain in ‘Iceberg. 12, The police want to know the hotel. Mr Foster stayed there two weeks ago. 18, I've sent him two letters. He has received neither of them. 14, That man is an artist. I don’t remember the man’s name. 15. Do you still remember the day? We moved to this town on that day. 16. The reason hasn't been told yet. The President will come to that city for this reason. 11. Vicky didn't get the job. It’s made her very depressed. 18. My uncle usually goes to work by bus. You met him at the bus stop this morning. 19. That car belongs to Dr. Clark. Its engine is very good. 20, He gave several reasons. Only a few of them were valid. 21, Charlie Chaplin died in 1977. His films amused millions of people in the world. 22. The taxi driver is friendly. He took me to the airport. 274° clArrnicn Nov puép-THENG AN OMI HAAS wo me in the English class. Scanned with CamScanner‘an. Thad gone to elementary schocl with her, ae pty now. I used to live there. - Do you remember the year? The 26. A girl was injured in the accident, 27. Mrs. Bond is going to spend a few weeks in Sweden. Her daughter lives in that country. 28. We stayed at the Grand Hotel. Ann recommended it to us. 29. My sister was looking after a dog. Its leg had been broken in an accident, 80. The street I live in is very noisy at night. This makes it difficult to sleep, irst World War ended in that year, She is now in hospital. Vill, Put in the relative clause. Sometime there is more than one possible answer. 1, Someone knows all about it = the secretary. The person is the secretary. 2. Vicky's name was missed off the list, so she wasn’t very pleased. Vicky, ,.wasn’t very pleased. 3. Laura painted a picture, and it’s being shown in an exhibition. The picture is being shown in an exhibition. 4, We're all looking forward to a concert. It’s next Saturday. ‘The concert is next Saturday. 7 5. One week Mike and Harriet went camping. It was the wettest of the year. ‘The week was the wettest of the year. 6. Aunt Joan is a bit deaf, so she didn’t hear the phone. ‘Aunt Joan, , didn’t hear the phone. 7. You'll meet Henry tomorrow. He's also a member of the board. Henry, is also a member of the board. 8. T'll see you near the post office. We met there the other day. Tll see you near the post office, 9. Zedco has 10,000 employees. It’s an international company. Zedeo, is an international company. 10. I didn’t know your adress, so I didn’t write to you. The reason saa that I didn’t know your address, IX. Change the relative clauses to phrases. Do you know the woman who is coming toward us? ‘The road that joins the two villages is very narrow. Most of the goods that are made in this factory are exported. My grandmother, who is old and sick, never goes out of the house. : Kuala Lumpur, which is the capital city of Malaysia, is a major trade center in Southeast Asia. ‘The woman who lived here before us is a romantic novelist. The scientists who are researching the causes of cancer are making progress. Our solar system is in a galaxy that is called the Milky Way. . All students who don’t hand in their papers will fail in the exam. 10, Simon Bolivar, who was a great South American general, led the fight for indepen- dence early in the 19th century. Ae ep Pers CHUONG 5: MENH Dé VA CUM TU (CLAUSES AND PHRASES) 275 Scanned with CamScannerty can’t come. 11, Séme of the people who have been invited to the par' 12, Annis the women who is responsible for the error 13. Mr. Jackson, who has been working in the company for 0 nated as the new director. 14, English has an alphabet that consists of 26 letters. 15. We noticed a pile of stones which had been left in the road. X. Change the relative clauses to phrases, using to-infinitive or infinitive phrases (for + 0 + to-infinitive). 1. We used to have a room in which we could play music. 2. The child will be happier if he has someone that he can play with. 3. David was the only person who offered his help. 4. We had to sit on the ground because we hadn’t anything that we could sit on. 5. She didn’t have anyone to whom she could send cards. 6. ‘There is a big yard that your children can play in. 7. Emma Thompson is the most famous actress who will appear on stage here. 8 We have some picture books that children ean read, 9, He was the second man who was killed in this way. 10. Here are some novels that she should read. XL. Comment on each situation. Use the to-infinitive structure. 1. David offered his help. No one else did. David was the only person to offer his help. 2. Oliva’s daughter swam a length of the pool. No other girl as young as hér did that, Oliva’s daughter was 3. The secretaries got a pay rise. No one else did. ‘The secretaries were 4. The pilot left the aircraft. Everyone else had left before him. ‘The pilot was 5. Mrs. Harper became Managing Director. No other woman had done that before. Mrs. Harper was 8. Daniel applied for the job. No other candidate as suitable as him applied. Daniel was He 7. Janet solved the puzzle, She did it before everyone else, Janet was 8. Mark wrote a letter of thanks, No one else did. Mark was tt eet Xl Complete the sentences, using present participle, past participle or to-nfinitive of the verbs in the box, Werlook'. blow’ call © [ustlidy::“ work":.leave ike Ive. offer st I .survive * ' play © bloc! 1. An obstacle is something your way. 2. Iwas woken up by a bell 276 cit tHicu nad nip wine ANH Scanned with CamScannerBaseball is a game mainly in the USA. Here is an application form for you in Somebody Jack phoned while you were out. Tan has got a brother in a bank in London anda sister the university in Manchester. There was a tree ore economics at a down in the storm last night. The captain was the last. the sinking ship. Life must be very unpleasant for people _____near busy airport, . When I entered the waiting room, it was empty except for a young man by the window a magazine. 11. The photographs in the newspaper were extraordinary, 2 12. The air-hostess was the only person the plane crash. 13. Two out of three people by lightning survive. 14. We have an apartment the park, 16. A few days after the interview, I received a letter me a job. XIII. Make one sentence from two. Use one of them as a relative phrase. Astronomy is one of the world oldest sciences. It is the study of planets and stars. “The vegetables are grown without chemicals. They are sold in supermarkets. People have marched to London. They are protesting against pollution. ‘The police never found the money. It, was stolen in the robbery. ‘There was a big red car. It had been parked outside the house. Lybya is a leading producer of oil. It is a country in North Africa. A chemical company has gone bankrupt. It employed 4,000 people. Anew drug may give us eternal youth. It was developed at a British university. A new motorway is planned. It will cost £500 million. 10. Some weapons belong to the IRA. They are found at a flat in Bristol. 11. John Quiney Adams was born on July 11, 1767. He was the sixth president of the United States. 12. There were some children. They were swimming in the river. 13. Tennis fans have been queuing all night at Wimbledon. They hope to buy tickets. 14, Some paintinigs haven’t been found yet. They were stolen from the museum. 16. Two languages, Finnish and Swedish, are used in Helsinki, It is the capital of Finland. XIV. Each of these sentences contains errors in it. Write the correct sentence. ‘There were a lot of people waited in a long line outside the box office. This isn’t the bus on that I normally travel. Baseball is the only sport which I am interested in it. ‘The reason because I didn’t know was that no one had told me. I didn’t know the name of the man helped me. I've met many people, some of them are from my country. Hiroko was born in Sapporo that is a city in Japan. PPR Pe Per Negaseye CHUGNG 3: MBNII DE VA CUM TU (CLAUSES AND PHRASES) 277 Scanned with CamScanner). Students who living on campus are close to i . Einstein who failed his university entrance exam discover . The person we talked to was very friendly. . The bridge building only two years ago has been declared unsafe. . It’s the President makes the important decisions. . Ican’t find my diary, what is a real nuisance. . Outside the door was a pair of boots covering in mud. 1'gon to whom I wanted to see. rent. : their classroom and the library. ed relativity. Dr. Darnell was the only pe h Rupert knows the family who's house is for Lake Superior, that lies on the US Canadian border, is the largest lake in North America. . My favorite place in the world is a small city is located on the southern coast of Brazil. . I would like to live,in the country which there is plenty of sunshine. . The nice couple with who we went on holiday has just moved in next door. XV. Choose the correct answer. 1. 10. i. 12. What's the name of the man gave us a lift? a.he b. what, c. which d. who ‘Were you able to locate the person wallet you found? a. which b. that his e. whose 4. that’s My friend Nigel, works in the city, earns much more than I do. a. that b. which c. who 4. whose Everyone the building was searched by the police. a. enter b. entered c. entering d. enters Yesterday was the hottest day remember. a. that can b. which can c.whichIean — d.Tcan Florida, ____ the Sunshine State, attracts many tourists every year. a.is b. known as cisknownas d. that is known as ‘There was little ___ we could do to help her. a. which b. what c. that d..when Atlanta is the city the Olympic Games were held in 1996. a. that b. when ©. where 4. which ‘Ann quit her job at the advertising agency, __ surprised everyone. a. which b.that * c. who d. that it Is this the address you want the package sent? a that b. to that c. to which 4. to What was that notice? a. at that you were looking °b. you were looking at ¢. you were looking at it d. which you were looking Little Women, in 1868, is thy favorite book. a. is a novel published “ b, anovel published c. a novel was published d. was a novel published 278° cIALTHICH.NGU PHAP TIENG ANH Scanned with CamScanner2B. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19, 20, 21. 22. 23. 25. Thave three brothers, aallofwhich are businessmen, b. all of those The chemistry book. wasa Free eed a. that I bought it b. T bought that rh a We passed shops as c.whatT bought d. T bought ee Dame ndows Were decorated for Christmas. ‘Why do you pee _cewhich: d. whose Bet up at 4:00 am? Because it’s the only time ___without being interrupted. a when I can work on my book b. when I can work on my book at ¢. when I can work on my book then dat when I can work on my book I didn’t believe them at first but in fact everything was true, a. they said b. that they said to ¢. what they said — d. to which they said ‘That book is by a famous anthropologist. It's about the people in Samoa for two years, a, that she lived b, that she lived among them ¢. among whom she lived d. where she lived among them Do you remember Mrs. Goddard, taught us English composition? a. who b. whom . that d. which Only a few of movies on TV are suitable for children. a. which show b. showing c. shown d. are shown Do you have the book the teacher? a. that it belongs to b, to which belongs to c. to which belongs d, that belongs to York, ___last year, is a nice old city; a, L visited b.thatI visited which I visited d. whom I visited Neil Armstrong, the first person ____-_ on the moon, reported that the surface was fine and powdery. ‘ a, that set foot b. set foot c. setting foot d. to set foot }. They left me at the bus stop __ they had met. me the week before. a. where b. which c. when d. that ‘Thanksgiving is a time ____ everyone eats turkey in America. a. at that time b. when c. that, d.bandc CHUONG 3: MENH bE VA CUM TU (CLAUSES AND PHRasEs) 279 Scanned with CamScanner