High Efficiency Two Switch Buck-Boost Converter

Roshan Ijaz Dr. Sajid Iqbal

Department of Mechatronics and Control Engineering Department of Mechatronics and Control Engineering
University of Engineering and Technology University of Engineering and Technology
Lahore-54890, Pakistan Lahore-54890, Pakistan
roshan1912@live.com Sajid.iqbal@uet.edu.pk

Abstract – This paper is the study of the two-switched-based The single-ended primary-inductor converter (SEPIC) is
buck-boost (TSBB) converter. The topology introduced in this another type of DC/DC converter that is capable of achieving
paper has fewer number of components which thus reduces the
the output equal, greater than or less than that of the input
power losses without effecting the efficiency of the converter. It
also solves the inverting output problem. This converter can voltages applied. The output of the SEPIC is controlled by
operate in buck, boost and buck-boost mode with greater the duty cycle of the MOSFET switch (S1) as shown in figure
voltage range as compared to traditional design. 1 (c) [7]. A SEPIC is essentially a boost converter followed
by an inverted buck boost converter, therefore it is similar to
Index Terms – Buck-Boost converter, DC-DC converters,
a traditional buck boost converter, but has advantages of
TSBB converter, MOSFET .
having non-inverted output. Due to its non-inverting output it
I. INTRODUCTION is widely used but on the other hand having large number of
components the power losses are increased which indirectly
The DC/DC voltage converters are widely used in almost reduces the efficiency of the converter [8].
every electronic device. From small portable devices to large Zeta converters are sometimes called inverse of SEPIC
electronic devices the use of power converters are the key converter. A Zeta converter is a DC/DC converter made up of
components. The buck/boost converter is a type of DC/DC two inductors and two capacitors and capable of operating in
converter that has an output voltage that is either greater than either buck or boost mode. The Zeta converter also require
or less than the input voltage applied. It is very similar to a two inductors and a series capacitor, also known as flying
flyback converter using one inductor instead of a transformer capacitor [9]. Contrasting the SEPIC converter, which is
[1]. essentially a boost converter with an inverted buck boost
The magnitude of output voltage achieved depends on converter, the Zeta converter is made from a buck converter
the duty cycle of waveform to the switch. It is also known as that is why it is known as inverse of SEPIC. The advantages
step up/step down converter. The name step up/step down of the zeta converter over the single-ended primary-inductor
converter comes from the AC converters such as step up/step converter (SEPIC) converter include lower voltage ripple and
down transformer [2]. easier compensation [10].
In step up mode Vin < Vout which is called a Boost converter
The two-switch buck-boost (TSBB) is the advance form
in DC terminology, it follows then that the output current will
of SSBB which uses the two switches to step up/down the
be less than the input current. In step down mode
input voltages. TSBB converter has the same polarity of the
Vin >Vout which is a Buck converter, it follows then that the
output voltage as the input voltage. Due to the lower voltage
output current will be greater than the input current. There is
stress of the components the power losses are much less. It is
a third mode in which buck/boost mode is achieved using a
a simple structure with easy miniaturization. For these
single device depending upon the duty cycle applied to the
reasons, the TSBB converter has been widely applied in
switch [2]-[3].
power applications [11]-[12].
There are various types of buck-boost converters with
certain advantages and limitations.
A single-switch buck–boost (SSBB) converter can either
buck or boost input voltages. An SSBB converter is
composed of a switch, diode, and inductor and has
a highly simple structure. The buck or boost output
voltages of the SSBB converter is achieved by the duty
ratio of the switch. Using the duty ratio D of the switch,
equation (1) describes the output-to-input voltage conversion (a)
ratio of an SSBB converter in the continuous conduction
mode (CCM) [4].
𝑉𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝐷
= (1)
𝑉𝑖𝑛 1−𝐷
The duty cycle is varied using the pulse waveform
generated through a microcontroller or 555 timer IC circuit.
There can be other approaches as well for it. The duty cycle
then controls operation of converter [4]-[5]. As shown in the
figure 1 (a) the square waveform is used to drive the (b)
MOSFET switch.

(c)
(d)
Fig. 1 (a) Schematic of Single Switch Buck Boost converter, (b) Schematic
of Zeta Converter, (c) Schematic of SEPIC converter, (d) Schematic of
traditional TSBB.
II. THE STRUCTURE AND OPERATIONAL PRINCIPLE
A. Working principle of a Simple Buck-Boost Converter
The working principle of a simple the buck-boost shown
in figure 1 (a), is best understood in terms of the inductor's
reluctance, ability to allow rapid change in current and store
magnetic energy. From the initial state the switch is open, the
current through the inductor is zero. When there is high signal
of PWM it acts as a short circuit path, the Schottky diode
prevents current from flowing into the right side of the circuit,
so all current must flow through the inductor. Inductor will
initially resist the current by dropping most of the voltage
provided by the source. By time, the inductor will allow the
current to slowly rise in magnitude, by decreasing its voltage
drop. Also, during this time, the inductor will get charge and
store energy in the form of a magnetic field. As the switch
was closed and all the current was following through the
inductor, the charging and voltage drop in terms of duty cycle
time is expressed using the equation (2).
𝑑𝑖𝐿 (𝑡)
𝑉𝑠 = 𝐿
𝑑𝑡
𝑉𝑠
𝑖𝐿 (𝑡) = + 𝐶
𝐿 buck–boost mode. [14]-[18].
𝑉
∆𝑖𝐿 (𝑂𝑁) = 𝑠 𝐷𝑇 (2)
𝐿
Now consider when the PWM signal is low the switch is
opened; current will eventually reduce, and the magnetic
energy stored previously will be used to maintain the current
at load side. In this scenario the voltage across the inductor is
the output voltage. By calculating the off current of the
inductor based upon the duty cycle as shown in equation (3).
𝑑𝑖𝐿 (𝑡)
𝑉𝑜 = 𝐿
𝑑𝑡
𝑉𝑜
𝑖𝐿 (𝑡) = + 𝐶
𝐿 Fig. 2 Schematic of Proposed Two Switch Buck Boost converter.
𝑉
∆𝑖𝐿 (𝑂𝐹𝐹) = 𝑜 (1 − 𝐷)𝑇 (3)
𝐿 1) Buck Mode: During this operation when the switch M1
Obtaining the output depending on the input and the duty
cycle of the PWM, the sum of the On and Off current is made
equal to 0. That means that the iON is equal to the iOFF.
𝑉𝑠 𝑉𝑜
∆𝑖𝐿 (𝑂𝑁) + ∆𝑖𝐿 (𝑂𝐹𝐹) = 𝐷𝑇 + (1 − 𝐷)𝑇 = 0
𝐿 𝐿
𝑉𝑜 −𝐷
= (4)
𝑉𝑠 1−𝐷
Now with the help of equation (4) both higher and lower
voltages than the input can be achieved. The duty cycle in this
varies from 0 to 1 [17],[25].
B. Traditional Two Switch Buck-Boost Converter
The circuit schematic of the proposed converter is shown
in Fig. 1 (d), in which a boost converter, a buck-boost
converter, and a buck converter are combined using only two
switch, this is the conventional TSBB converter having a
single inductor, two switches, and two diodes. The mode of
operations are selected by controlling the two switches. In
buck-boost mode the duty ratio of d1 and d2 is the same. When
the duty ratio is less than 0.5, a Traditional TSBB converter
operates in buck mode. When the duty ratio is higher than 0.5,
it operates in boost mode. The table 1 shows the control
schematic of the Traditional TSBB. [11]-[14]
Table. 1 Control of Traditional Two Switch Buck Boost converter
C. Proposed Two Switch Buck-Boost Converter
The traditional TSBB have more power losses as
compared to new topology. The conduction, switching and
leakage losses in the proposed TSBB are much less as
compared to the traditional TSBB. The figure 2 shows the
schematic of the proposed TSBB. The mode of operation of
proposed TSBB is mentioned in the table 2 [13]. The voltage
conversion ratio of the proposed converter in CCM is:
𝑑1
𝑉𝑜 = ( ) 𝑉𝑖𝑛 (5)
1−𝑑2
where duty-cycles d1 and d2 are of switch M1 and M2,
respectively. If d2 is 0 (d1 is varied), the converter operates in
buck mode. In this mode, M2 is always off and M1 is switched
to regulate the output voltage. If d1 is 1 (d2 is varied), the
converter operates in boost mode. In this mode M1 is always
on, and M2 is controlled to regulate the output voltage. If M1
is always off and M2 is switched, the converter operates in
is activated the voltage follow the path of Inductor L and
charges the inductor and when the switch M2 opened due to
the stored charge in the inductor the current goes through the
diode D1 thus by controlling the duty cycle of pulse applied by the function generator having 100k frequency [15]. The
to M1 the voltage less than the input is achieved. PWM generated is varied using the control present in the
2) Boost Mode: During this operation when the switch function greater. The three modes of operations are verified
M2 is activated the voltage follow the path of diode D2 and by displaying the output and PWM signal on the Oscilloscope
charges the inductor and when the switch M2 opened due to screen. The figure 4 and 5 shows proper circuit created on
the stored charge in the inductor the current goes through the Multisim software.
diode D1 thus by controlling the duty cycle of pulse applied
to M2 the voltage greater than the input is achieved.
3) Buck-Boost Mode: During this operation when the
switch M2 is activated keeping M1 opened the current has
same path as that in the first interval of boost mode while
during the second interval the current has same path as that of
first interval of the buck mode. Depending the value of d 2 the
buck and boost modes can be achieved. The table 2 describes
the conducting semiconductors during the two intervals of the
duty cycle waveform applied [14],[15],[20]-[27].

Figure. 4 Multisim Schematic without the PWM signal

Figure. 5 Multisim Schematic with the PWM signal

On practical basis a gate driver with Microcontroller

(Arduino) is used for the PWM having 100kHz operating
frequency. The table 3 shows the list of all components being
used in this TSBB.

Components Part name/value

Fig. 3 Mode of operation. (a) Buck, (b) Boost (c) Buck-Boost. Microcontroller Arduino Nano

Gate Driver HCPL A J312

Modes Interval Switching Conductors
Buck M1 = ON, M2 = OFF M1, D2 MOSFET (M1,M2) ND04N60ZT4G
M1 = OFF, M2 = OFF D1
Inductor 250uH
Boost M1 = ON, M2 = ON M2
M1 = ON, M2 = OFF M1, D2 Capacitor 820uF
Buck-Boost M1 = OFF, M2 = ON M1 Diode (D1,D2) 1N40001
M1 = OFF, M2 = OFF D1
Table. 3 Detail Specifications of Components
Table. 2 Control of Proposed Two Switch Buck Boost converter
B. Simulation and Experimental Results
III. RESULTS The simulation is performed using the Multisim
software. Multisim software provides all the necessary
A. Circuit Schematic on Multisim
components and along with needed conditions to run the
The simulation is produced using the Multisim software,
simulation [17]. Circuit is tested for all three modes of
run on Hp laptop (intel core i5 4x2.40GHz) in which two
operation. The significant results are achieved. In the
MOSFET switches are switched using the PWM generated
simulation with 72V input supply and topology operated in
buck mode with 67% duty cycle the output of approx. 48V is
achieved which is accordingly to the equation (5) mentioned.
Vo = .67 x72 = 48.240 V (Buck Mode)
Similarly, when the simulation is played in Boost mode the
input supply voltage is 36V and output of 48V is achieved
using the duty cycle of 25% and with Buck/Boost mode and
duty cycle of 57% and input voltage 36V same output of
48V is produced. The figure 6 shows the PWM along the
voltage levels achieved.
Vo = (1/(1-0.25)) x 36 = 48.000 V (Boost Mode)
Vo = (.57/(1-0.57)) x 36 = 47.722 V (Buck-Boost Mode)
Comparing to the theoretically estimated values using the
equation available, the measured results are generally
acceptable. The efficiency increases with the increase of the
duty cycle and the increase of the input. As all three modes
considerably produce the nearest results. The results were (c)
also verified using different inputs and duty cycle.
Figure. 6 (a) Buck mode simulation, (b) Boost mode simulation, (c) Buck-
Mode Duty cycle Duty cycle Input Output Boost mode (step up) simulation.
of MOSFET of MOSFET Voltage Voltage
M1 M2
IV. CONCLUSION
Buck 67% 0% 72 V 48 V
Boost 100% 25% 36 V 48 V In this paper a topology for two-switch buck boost converter
Buck- 0% 57% 36 V 48 V is proposed. This converter can operate in buck, boost and
Boost buck-boost mode. The converter consists of two diodes, two
Table. 4 Input/output voltages of buck, boost, buck-boost mode MOSFETs, one inductor and a capacitor. The design is quite
simple and highly efficient. The proper simulated results are
obtained using the Multisim software. All three modes of
operations are verified with different duty cycle. The results
are according to the equation (5).
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
First and foremost, praises and thanks to the God, the
Almighty, for His showers of blessing throughout my
research work.
My highest obligations and regards to a great mentor and
teacher Dr. Sajid Iqbal Ph.D. Mechatronics Engineering,
Assistant professor at Department of Mechatronics and
Control Engineering, University of Engineering and
(a)
Technology, Lahore. His dynamism, vision, sincerity, and
motivation throughout writing this paper has been
commendable. His online lectures and slides helped me a lot
in writing this paper. I would like to thank him for his
constant support and mentorship. Along with quality work
done by Dr. Moon and Jung from China helped a lot in
framing this paper and solving various queries.
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