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EARTH'S ROTATION
Earth's rotation is the rotation of the planet Earth around its own axis. The Earth rotates from the west towards
east. As viewed from North Star or polestar Polaris, the Earth turns counter-clockwise.
The North Pole, also known as the Geographic North Pole or Terrestrial North Pole, is the point in
the Northern Hemisphere where the Earth's axis of rotation meets its surface. This point is distinct from the
Earth's North Magnetic Pole. The South Pole is the other point where the Earth's axis of rotation intersects its
surface, in Antarctica.
The Earth rotates once in about 24 hours with respect to the sun and once every 23 hours, 56 minutes and 4
seconds with respect to the stars

GEOGRAPHICAL LATITUDE
the angle made with the plane of the equator by a perpendicular to the earth's surface at any point

GEOGRAPHIC LONGITUDE
longitude of a point on the Earth's surface is the angle east or west from a reference meridian to another meridian
that passes through that point

ALTITUDE
altitude is commonly used to mean the height above sea level of a location, in geography the term elevation is
often preferred for this usage.

AZIMUTH ANGLE
is an angular measurement in a spherical coordinate
system. The vector from an observer (origin) to a point of in-
terest is projected perpendicularly onto a reference plane;
the angle between the projected vector and a reference
vector on the reference plane is called the azimuth.

DECLINATION ANGLE
The declination angle, denoted by ð, varies sea-
sonally due to the tilt of the Earth on its axis of ro-
tation and the rotation of the Earth around the sun.
If the Earth were not tilted on its axis of rotation,
the declination would always be 0°. However, the
Earth is tilted by 23.45° and the declination angle
varies plus or minus this amount. Only at the
spring and fall equinoxes is the declination angle
equal to 0°.

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THERMAL BALANCE OF EARTH

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GLOBAL WINDS

CORIOLIS FORCE

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MID - LATITUDE WESTERLIES

POLAR WINDS

ANNUAL WIND SHIFT

INFLUENCE TROPOGRAPHY

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TEMPERATUREMEASUREMENT

STEVENSON SCREEN

TEMPERATUREDATA

HUMIDITYMEASUREMENT

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PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
VAPOUR PRESSURE

HUMIDITYDATA

PRECIPITTION

SOLAR RADIATION MEASUREMENT

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SOLAR RADIATION DATA

WINDMEEASUREMENT

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CLIMATIC ZONES

TROPICAL CLIMATE

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