Determining Estimated Remaining Reserves and Ultimated

Recovery Factor using MBAL in Reservoir A, Balikpapan

Basin
Nashara Ulpah, M. Lukman Nur Hakim, Ratap Stevanus Wowiling, Abdul
Wahid Maulana, Widya Darma Tama, Michael Sampe, Adi Sumayana, and
Firdaus

STT Migas Balikpapan

influenced by oil or gas flow rate and economic
ABSTRACT limit.

Reserve Estimation is an important and
essential aspect of petroleum engineering. This
is because as we all know the aim of all oil
operators is to make profit and accurate reserve
estimation so as to help the operator to
determine its profit. Without his information,
the operator cannot successfully embark on any
project. This research works seeks to help find a
lasting solution to errors and discrepancy that
always arise in the obtained values of reserve in
place. This will help the operators to always
make decisions under situation of certainty
thereby reducing risk. Also, all the methods of
estimation used to estimate each reservoir
were reviewed and objective assessment of
each reservoir result was made. Each reservoir
showed peculiar property and drive mechanism.
Errors and discrepancy in estimation results are
best minimized if the data used in obtaining the
result are accurate.
There are two kind of reserve that we search
using MBAL. First, Ultimate Recovery
that is the highest estimated value of the
amount of oil in the reservoir that can be
produced to the surface during the life time.
Ultimate recovery rates may change based on
the latest evaluation results depending on
technological progress. Symbol used is Np max for
oil and Gpmax for gas. Determination of estimate
ultimate recovery (EUR) can be used for Decline
Curve Analysis (DCA) method which will be
Second is remaining reserves that is the amount
of oil in the reservoir that has not been
produced so that it can be called by oil reserves
that can still be taken (to be produced).
INTRODUCTION
Estimated Remaining Reserve Using Material
Balance Method
To better understand reserves estimation, a few
important terms require definition. Original oil
in place (OOIP) and original gas in place (OGIP)
refer to the total volume of hydrocarbon stored
in a reservoir prior to production. Reserves or
recoverable reserves are the volume of
hydrocarbons that can be profitably extracted
from a reservoir using existing technology.
Resources are reserves plus all other
hydrocarbons that may eventually become
producible; this includes known oil and gas
deposits present
that cannot be technologically or economically
recovered (OOIP and OGIP) as well as other
undiscovered potential reserves.
Estimating hydrocarbon reserves is a complex
process that involves integrating geological and
engineering data. Depending on the amount
and quality of data available, one or more of the • Analogy
following methods may be used to estimate Application : OOIP, OGIP,
reserves: recoverable reserves. Use early in
exploration and initial field
 Volumetric development.
 Material balance
Accurancy : Highly dependent on
 Production history
similarity of reservoir
 Analogy
characteristics. Reserve estimates
are often very general.
Summary of Method used to Derive
Hydrocarbon Reserve
Material balance estimation for oil

• Volumetric
The material balance technique mathematically
models the reservoir as a tank. This method
Application : OOIP, OGIP, recoverable
uses limiting assumptions and attempts to
reserves. Use early in life of field.
equilibrate changes in reservoir volume as a
result of production. Aquifer support and gas
Accurancy : Dependent on quality of cap expansion can be accounted for by using
reservoir description. Reserves this method.
estimates often high because this
method does not consider problems of
One general equation is :
reservoir heterogeneity.

 Material balance
Application : OOIP, OGIP (assumes
adequate production history available), Where:
recoverable reserves (assumes OOIP
and OGIP known). Use in a mature field 
with abundant geological,
petrophysical, and engineering data.

Accurancy : Highly dependent on


quality of reservoir description and
amount of production data available.
Reserve estimates variable.

• Production history
Application : Recoverable reserves. due to gas produced, evolved, and
Use after a moderate amount of encroached from a gas cap
production data is available.

Accurancy : Dependent on amount
of production history available.
Reserve estimates tend to be , due to connate water volume change,
realistic. encroached water, and produced water
 Another general equation is :

This equation assumes a closed
reservoir system (no active water
drive), no initial gas cap, and initial
reservoir pressure close to the
bubblepoint:

Material balance estimation for gas
The material balance technique for calculating
gas reserves, like material balance for oil,
attempts to mathematically equilibrate changes
in reservoir volume as a result of production.
The basic equation is
The equations used to calculate OGIP are:
 Gas reservoir with active water drive:
 Gas reservoir with no water
drive (We = 0):
Ultimate Recovery (UR) & Recovery Factor
(FR) Using Material Balance Method
 Ultimate Recovery (UR)
Ultimate recovery  is the estimated
maximum number of hydrocarbons that may be
produced to the surface to their economic
extent by a natural propulsion mechanism.
Ultimate recovery  this is usually expressed
by the unit recovery parameter (UR), which is
the result of ultimate recovery against bulk
volumes of rocks that can be produced by some
influence of propulsion mechanisms until the
moment of abandonment. To know the
ultimate recovery, data must be known such as
the dominant driving mechanism, initial fluid
saturation, and the end of production period
(abandonment pressure), and the volume factor
of oil and gas formation as a function of
pressure. Ultimate recovery can be expressed in
the following equation:
UR    =    N   x    RF
Where :
N                                    : initial oil or gas in
place, satuan volume
RF                                : recovery factor, fraksi
Volumetrically, ultimate recovery is determined
by the following equation:
 METHODOLOGY

This work idea to find the balance material, is a

mass conversion to the analysis.
This method is for the completion of the fluid
carried out and produces black oil based on the
carbon composition.

The recovery unit of the gas reservoir with the

drive drive mechanism is: At the temperature of the bubble point, it is
measured G0R = 150 SCF / STB while the FVF oil
is 1.2 rb / stb. The gravity of the API 50 oil and
the gravity of the gas is 0.9 mol of hydrogen =
0.5% .the water is 20,000 ppm. The reservoir
radius is estimated 1000 ft OOIP = 70 MMSTB.
SCAL analysis is done for reservoir samples

Steps to solve this data are:

Step 1: Collect some literature related to the

Material Balance Sheet

 Recovery factor 
Step 2: prepare data

Recovery factor  is the ratio of recoverable

reservoirs to the initial amount of hydrocarbons
present in the reservoir (initial hydrocarbon in Step 3: prepare some equations for use
place) / (fraction). Can be written with the F = N (Eo + m For example + Ef, w) + We Bw
following equation:

Step 4: input equation data

Step 5: Determine the residual strength and

recovery factors using the equations and data
selected

Step 6: analysis of results that have resulted

Step 7: Decide on the conclusions

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Graphic 1. Estimated Remaining Reserve

Graphic 2. Total Poduction Graph with

Pressure and Time

From this graph we can determine the

Estimated Remaining Reserve by looking at the
maximal value of Cummulative Oil Production,
the value that we takes is the Y1 value
therefore the value of the Cummulative Oil
To Find the Ultimate Recovery Factor by
Production is 7.893 MMSTB by subtracting the
multiplying the Value of Oil Recovery with OOIP
Original Oil In Place value by 70 MMSTB.

77.376% x 70 MMSTB = 54.163 MMSTB up to

So, 70 MMSTB – 7,893 MMSTB = 62,107
year 2010
MMSTB

DISCUSSION

1. To Obtain the KRO, KRW, and KRG Value of

the data we have, we include the value of KRW
drainage, KRO drainge and KRG drainage
2. Water saturation value greatly affects the
value of Recovery Factor
3. Need to View or choose What data collection
methods will we use in this activity.
4. In the determination of Pb, Rs and Bo we use
the data plotting of Al Marhoun because of the
data included in some classification of data
selection or data correlation
5. In determining the value of Viscosity oil,
Viscosity Gas and Volume Factor Gas formation
We use Petrsoky in the selection of data
correlation
6. In determining the correlation of Water Influx
data we use the Model from Hurst-Van
Everdingen
CONCLUSION
So this conclusion we made from the results of
the discussion and based on the results we have
found that From the discussion we can
conclude:
1. To more easily obtain the results of Kro, Krw,
and Krg results of the discussion, we can more
easily get the results enter the value of Krw
Drainage, Kro drainage and Krg drainage, then
we can get the results of the achievement of
Kro, Krw, and Krg.
2. From the results of the discussion we find
that the results of the value of water saturation
have a big influence, and from the results we
find that the water saturation value is very
influential to the value from Recovery Factor.
3. For the full results of the determination of
Pb, Rs and Bo we classify data completion and
correlation of data first and for the results of
classification data, we use Al Marhoun data
plotting because there we find the results of Pb,
Rs and Bo and especially its classification data.
4. To know the value of Viscosity oil, gas
viscosity and volume formation gas factor
mainly to determine the value of the value, we
use petrosky reference data to get result from
data correlation from Viscosity oil, gas vikositas
and volume formation gas factor to know the
result.
5. To more easily determine the results of a
correlation of water influx data, to find out
more easily we use a way or model from Hurst-
van Everdingen so we can get the result of
determining a correlation data from water
influx.
6. to solve all the methods of plotting, we must
first know what methods we will use to know
the results of the method of plotting, the easy
way to know it, we can see and can choose
which data we will use first to be able to know
the results of the plotting method can run
properly.
REFERENCE
1. Carr, B. S., Viret, J., 1986,
PSD860030: Houston, TX, Chevron
Exploration and Production
Services, March.
2. http://agampetro.blogspot.co.id/201
4/01/re.html
3. https://iatmismmigas.wordpress.co
m/2012/06/20/metode-perhitungan-
cadangan volumetris/
4. http://wiki.aapg.org/Reserves
_estimation
5. IHRDC, 1982, Production rate
decline curves: PE107, Boston, MA,
IHRDC.