The Smart Way

HVDC PLUS – One Step Ahead

HVDC PLUS −
Technology, Benefits, Applications
Power Transmission
and Distribution

London, 4th October 2007

J. Dorn; joerg.dorn@siemens.com
HVDC Classic – HVDC PLUS

DC
~ =
= ~
AC Grid 1 AC Grid 2

HVDC Classic HVDC PLUS

Line-commutated current-sourced Self-commutated voltage-sourced

converter converter (VSC)

Thyristors with turn-on capability Semiconductor switches with turn-on

only and turn-off capability, e.g. IGBTs

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HVDC Classic – HVDC PLUS

DC
~ =
= ~
AC Grid 1 AC Grid 2

HVDC Classic HVDC PLUS

C C
G
G
A
E

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General Features of VSC Technology

Grid access of weak AC networks

Independent control of active and reactive power

Supply of passive networks and black start capability

High dynamic performance

Small space requirements

Additional Features and Benefits of HVDC PLUS

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VSC Technology – A look back

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VSC Technology – A look back

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VSC Technology – A look back

+Ud/2

-Ud/2

Desired voltage Realized voltage

High harmonic distortion

High transient stresses resulting in HF noise

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The Multilevel Approach

Small voltage steps

Small steepness of steps

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Modular Multilevel Converter - MMC

Uc
Uc

Uc

Uc

Low generation of harmonics

Low HF noise
Low switching losses

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HVDC PLUS with MMC

Modular Multilevel Converter

Phase Unit

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HVDC PLUS with MMC

Modular Multilevel Converter

Phase Unit

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HVDC PLUS with MMC

Submodule (SM)
Phase Unit

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States of Submodules

State 1 = (0,0) State 2 = (1,0) State 3 = (0,1)

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Perfect Voltage Generation

AC and DC voltages controlled

by converter leg voltages:

+Ud/2

Uac

-Ud/2

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 Simulation Results:
400 MW with about 200 Submodules per Converter Leg
PLOTS : Graphs
+Ud -Ud US1 US2 US3
250
200
150
100
50
U [kV]

0
-50
-100
-150
-200
-250
is1 is2 is3
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
I [kA]

-0.50
-1.00
-1.50
-2.00
i1p i2p i3p i1n i2n i3n
0.75
0.50
0.25
0.00
-0.25
I [kA]

-0.50
-0.75
-1.00
-1.25
-1.50
1.000 1.010 1.020

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Submodule Design

Submodule
Phase Unit

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Submodule Design

Submodule
Phase Unit

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Submodule Design

Submodule
Phase Unit

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Voltage Balancing

PLUSCONTROL

Submodule
Phase Unit

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Converter Reactors

Parallel connection of
three voltage sources

Damp balancing currents

between different phases
Limit current gradient during
severe faults

Phase Unit

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Line-to-Line DC Fault

Submodule
Phase Unit

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Line-to-Line DC Fault

Submodule
Phase Unit

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Modular Design: Submodule

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Pre-Assembled Subunit

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Converter Leg with more than 200 Submodules

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Typical Converter Arrangement for 400 MW

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Optional Seismic Reinforcements

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Main Tasks of PLUSCONTROL TM

Calculation of required Control of active and

converter leg voltages reactive power

Choice of submodules to Submodule voltage

be switched balancing control

SIMATIC TDC
1
Measuring System
2

SIMATIC TDC
C&P System n

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C&P Topology – Low Power Range
MMS

6 N1P, N2P, N3P, N1N, N2N, N3N

Uz1P, Uz1N, Uz2P, Uz2N, Uz3P, Uz3N

TDM Bus 2
TDM Bus 2 1
Converter Control
Measuring Current Control IdOrder, IqOrder, & Protection
A1P, A2P, A3P, A1N, A2N, A3N
System 1 System 1&2 Converter
System 1 Control
Measuring & Protection
System 2 1 System 2

TDM Bus 1
TDM Bus 1
TDM Bus 1
TDM Bus 1

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30
TDM
Bus 2 TDM Bus 2
TDM TDM Bus 3
Bus 3

04.10.2007
TDM
Bus 2
TDM TDM Bus 2
Bus 3 TDM Bus 3

TDM TDM
Bus 2 Bus 2
TDM TDM
Bus 3 Bus 3
C&P Topology – High Power Range

TDM TDM
Bus 2 Bus 2

J. Dorn, PTD H 1T6

TDM TDM
Bus 3 Bus 3

TDM TDM
Bus 2 Bus 2
TDM TDM
Bus 3 Bus 3

TDM TDM
Bus 2 Bus 2
TDM TDM
Bus 3 Bus 3
Power Transmission and Distribution
Main Features of PLUSCONTROL TM

Standard 19 inch racks

Highest degree of modularity

Highly
Advanced redundancy concept flexible
and
Hot plug capability of PCBs and fans highly
reliable
High submodule interfacing capability control
system
High numerical and logical perfomance

Integration into proven SIMATIC TDC systems

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Properties of MMC topology and benefits

High modularity in hardware High flexibility, economical

and software from low to high power ratings
Only small or even no filters
Low generation of harmonics
required
Low semiconductor switching
Low converter losses
frequency
Use of well-proven standard High availability of state-of-
components the-art components
Sinus shaped AC voltage Use of standard AC
waveforms transformers
Low engineering efforts,
Easy scalability
power range up to 1000MW
Reduced number of primary High reliability,
components low maintenance requirements
Low rates of rise of current
Robust system
even during faults

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Station Layout

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VSC Systems with HVDC PLUS

DC cable transmission (XLPE cable)

DC overhead line transmission

Back-to-Back systems

Multi-terminal systems

STATCOM operation

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Applications of HVDC PLUS

HVDC Systems up to 1000 MW where line-

commutated converter have been used in the past

Contribution to reduction
HVDC operation at very weak grids feasible

in CO2 emission
Grid access for regenerative energy sources,
like wind farms

Supply of passive loads

Power supply of megacities

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System Test

1 1 1 1 1 1

12 12 12 12 12 12

1 1 1 1 1 1

12 12 12 12 12 12

Converter
Tower

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System Test Transformers

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 Siemens will be
Market-Leader in VSC-based
HVDC Technology!

Thank you very much for your attention.

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