Chapter 16 - Statistical Quality Control

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Chapter 15 - Test bank
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Quantitative Analysis for Management, 13e (Render et al.)

Chapter 15 Statistical Quality Control
1) W. Edwards Deming introduced control charts in the 1920s.

Answer: FALSE
Diff: Moderate
Topic: DEFINING QUALITY AND TQM
LO: 15.1: Define the quality of a product or service.
AACSB: Analytical thinking
Classification: Concept
2) Statistical process control uses regression and other forecasting tools to help control processes.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: Moderate
Topic: INTRODUCTION
3) The U.S. government awards for quality achievement are called the Malcolm Baldrige
National Quality Awards.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: Difficult
4) Technically, to achieve Six Sigma quality, there would have to be fewer than 3.4 defects per
million opportunities.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: Difficult
5) It is impossible to develop a process that has zero variability.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: Moderate
Topic: STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL
LO: 15.2: Understand the basic theoretical underpinnings of statistical quality control, including
the central limit theorem, and interpret whether or not a process is in control.

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6) If all of the control points on a control chart lie between the UCL and the LCL, the process is
always in control.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: Moderate
7) Assignable variations in a process are also called natural variations.

Answer: FALSE
Diff: Moderate
8) An x-bar chart would be appropriate to monitor the number of defects in a production lot.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: Moderate
Topic: CONTROL CHARTS FOR VARIABLES
LO: 15.3: Develop two types of variable control charts: x and R.
9) The central limit theorem provides the statistical foundation for control charts.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: Moderate
10) P-charts and c-charts are examples of control charts for variables.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: Moderate

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11) The underlying distribution for a p-chart is binomial.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: Moderate
12) If we are tracking quality of performance for a class of students, we should plot the
individual grades on an x-bar chart, and the pass/fail result on a p-chart.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: Moderate
Topic: CONTROL CHARTS FOR VARIABLES AND CONTROL CHARTS FOR
ATTRIBUTES
LO: 15.3: Develop two types of variable control charts: x and R. 15.4: Develop two types of
attribute control charts: p and c.
13) Samples sizes of five are often used when building control charts.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: Moderate
14) C-charts are used to analyze the proportion defective in a sample.

Answer: FALSE
Diff: Moderate
Topic: CONTROL CHARTS FOR ATTRIBUTES
LO: 15.4: Develop two types of attribute control charts: p and c.
15) A p-chart could be used to monitor the average weight of cereal boxes.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: Moderate

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16) If we are attempting to control the diameter of bowling balls, we will find a p-chart to be
quite helpful.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: Moderate
17) A c-chart would be appropriate to monitor the number of weld defects on the steel plates of a
ship's hull.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: Moderate
18) TQM emphasizes quality of the goods or service-producing division of the company.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: Moderate
19) Robert Pirsig defines quality as "Fitness for use."

Answer: FALSE
Diff: Difficult
20) The independent axis of a control chart is time.

Answer: TRUE
Diff: Easy

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21) A run of four consecutive points above the center line is a sufficient reason to stop the
process and investigate for cause.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: Moderate
22) The central limit theorem states that the distribution of x-bars will tend to follow a normal
distribution as long as the population they are drawn from is normally distributed.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: Moderate
23) The area from two standard deviations above to two standard deviations below the mean of a
normal distribution will contain 99.7% of all of the area under the curve.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: Moderate
24) All that is required to develop limits for a C-chart is knowledge of the average count of
defects.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: Moderate
25) For data that are appropriately handled by C-charts, the mean equals the variance.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: Moderate
26) Which of the following is not a popular definition of quality?

A) Quality is the totality of features and characteristics of a product or service that bears on its

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ability to satisfy stated or implied needs.

B) Quality is defined as a competitively priced product that surpasses customer needs.
C) Quality is the degree to which a product conforms to design or specification.
D) Quality is fitness for use.
Answer: B
Diff: Moderate
27) Variations that need not occur in production processes are referred to as
A) assignable variations.
B) control variations.
C) natural variations.
D) process variations.
Answer: A
Diff: Moderate
28) Variations that usually occur in a process are called

A) process variations.
B) natural variations.
C) control variations.
D) assignable variations.
Answer: B
Diff: Moderate

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29) A company believes a process monitored by an x-bar chart to be in control. When the most
recent control point exceeded the UCL value by 20%, the company should
A) believe that a random bad luck chance occurred and proceed.
B) suspect that an assignable cause of variation now exists and can be found.
C) ignore the control point completely, as it is simply an outlier.
D) wait for the next four samples to be taken to see if a trend develops.
Answer: B
Diff: Moderate
30) Bags of pretzels are sampled to ensure proper weight. The overall average for the samples is
9 ounces. Each sample contains 25 bags. The standard deviation is estimated to be 3 ounces. The
upper control chart limit (for 99.7% confidence) for the average would be ________ ounces.
A) 9.4
B) 18.0
C) 10.2
D) 10.8
Answer: D
Diff: Moderate
Classification: Application
31) The inspection of cans of juice involves sampling some cans and weighing them. The overall
average for the samples is 39 ounces. Each sample contains 36 cans. The standard deviation is
estimated to be 2 ounces. The 99.7% lower control chart limit for the average would be
A) 37.67.
B) 38.00.
C) 39.33.
D) 40.00.
Answer: B
Diff: Moderate

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32) Control charts that are used to monitor processes that are measured in continuous units are
classified as which of the following?
A) control charts for attributes
B) control charts for variables
C) control charts for defects
D) control charts for quality
Answer: B
Diff: Moderate
33) charts indicate changes in

A) variation.
B) central tendency.
C) natural variations.
D) numbers of defects.
Answer: B
Diff: Moderate
34) Who introduced control charts in 1924?

A) W. Edwards Deming
B) Philip Crosby
C) J.M. Juran
D) Walter Shewhart
Answer: D
Diff: Moderate

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35) The -chart would be useful when we

A) took a number of measurements and computed the average.
B) took a number of measurements and computed the ranges.
C) found the fraction of the production lot defective.
D) found the number of defective items in a production lot.
Answer: A
Diff: Moderate
36) The R-chart would be useful when we

Answer: B
Diff: Moderate
37) R-charts measure changes in

A) central tendency.
B) degree of variation.
C) number of defects per production lot.
D) natural variations.
Answer: B
Diff: Moderate

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Table 15-1
Sample Size Mean Factor Upper Range Lower Range

n A2 D4 D3
2 1.880 3.628 0
3 1.023 2.574 0
4 0.729 2.282 0
5 0.577 2.114 0
6 0.483 2.004 0
7 0.419 1.924 0.076
8 0.373 1.864 0.136
9 0.337 1.816 0.184
10 0.308 1.777 0.223
12 0.266 1.716 0.284
38) Refer to Table 15-1. Bags of chocolate candy are sampled to ensure proper weight. The
overall average for the samples is 36 ounces. Each sample contains twelve bags. The average
range is 1.3 ounces. The upper control chart limit for the sample averages would be
A) 36.3458.
B) 35.6542.
C) 38.3101.
D) 36.6279.
Answer: A
Diff: Moderate
39) Refer to Table 15-1. Bags of chocolate candy are sampled to ensure proper weight. The
overall average for the samples is 36 ounces. Each sample contains eight bags. The average
range is 1.3 ounces. The lower control chart limit for the sample averages would be
A) 36.3730.
B) 36.4849.
C) 35.6270.
D) 35.5150.
Answer: D
Diff: Moderate

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40) Refer to Table 15-1. To guarantee that cans of soup are properly filled, some cans are
sampled and the amounts measured. The overall average for the samples is 12 ounces. Each
sample contains 10 cans. The average range is 0.4 ounces. The upper control chart limit for the
sample averages would be
A) 12.1232.
B) 11.8768.
C) 13.2.
D) 12.308.
Answer: A
Diff: Moderate
41) Refer to Table 15-1. To guarantee that cans of soda are properly filled, some cans are
sampled and the amounts measured. The overall average for the samples is 12 ounces. Each
sample contains 10 cans. The average range is 0.4 ounces. The lower control chart limit for the
sample averages would be
A) 12.1232.
B) 11.8768.
C) 13.2.
D) 12.308.
Answer: B
Diff: Moderate
42) Refer to Table 15-1. Bags of tea are sampled to ensure proper weight. The overall average for
the samples is 8 ounces. Each sample contains 10 bags. The average range is 0.1 ounces. What is
the lower limit of the sample averages chart?
A) 7.9692
B) 8.0308
C) 7.9076
D) 8.0924
Answer: A
Diff: Moderate

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43) Refer to Table 15-1. The Pristine Paint Company produces paint in gallon cans. They have
found that in more than 10 samples of 8 cans each, the average gallon can contains 1.1 gallons of
paint. The average range found over these samples is 0.15 gallons. What is the upper control
limit for the sample averages in this process?
A) 1.100
B) 1.150
C) 1.268
D) 1.156
Answer: D
Diff: Moderate
44) Refer to Table 15-1. The average range of a process for packaging cereal is 1.1 ounces. If the
sample size is 10, find the upper control chart limit for the range chart.
A) 0.245
B) 1.955
C) 1.777
D) 0.223
Answer: B
Diff: Moderate
45) Refer to Table 15-1. The average range of a process for packaging cereal is 1.1 ounces. If the
sample size is 10, find the lower control chart limit for the range chart.
A) 0.245
B) 1.955
C) 1.777
D) 0.223
Answer: A
Diff: Moderate

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46) The U.S. government award for quality achievement is the

A) Deming Prize.
B) Shewhart Symbol of Excellence.
C) Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award.
D) Bush Award for Quality Management.
Answer: C
Diff: Moderate
47) The p-chart would be useful when we

Answer: C
Diff: Moderate
48) A p-chart is based on which of the following probability distributions?

A) Poisson
B) binomial
C) uniform
D) exponential
Answer: B
Diff: Moderate
49) A c-chart is based on which of the following probability distributions?

A) Poisson
B) binomial
C) uniform
D) exponential
Answer: A
Diff: Moderate
50) Which of the following statements is false regarding control charts?

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A) X-bar charts measure central tendency in a process.

B) R-charts measure the variability of a process.
C) It is not possible to have a LCL below 0 in a c-chart.
D) The nominal line is always the midpoint between the UCL and LCL.
Answer: D
Diff: Moderate
Topic: VARIOUS
51) A plant manager is concerned with the variability of beer being filled in 12 oz. cans. The
most appropriate control chart would be which of the following?
A) x-bar chart
B) R-chart
C) p-chart
D) c-chart
Answer: B
Diff: Moderate
52) An airline company tracks the number of lost bags that occur each day. This is best
monitored by which of the following control charts?
A) x-bar chart
B) R-chart
C) p-chart
D) c-chart
Answer: D
Diff: Moderate

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53) When receiving a shipment from a supplier, inspection must be done to check the fraction of
defective products. This is best monitored by which of the following control charts?
A) x-bar chart
B) R-chart
C) p-chart
D) c-chart
Answer: C
Diff: Moderate
54) A coffee dispenser is supposed to dispense coffee into an 8 o.z. cup. The average amount of
coffee filled into the cup must be below 7.9. This is best monitored by which of the following
control charts?
A) x-bar chart
B) R-chart
C) p-chart
D) c-chart
Answer: A
Diff: Moderate
55) Which of the following control charts is/are for variables?

A) x-bar chart only
B) R-chart only
C) p-chart only
D) both x-bar and R-charts
Answer: D
Diff: Moderate

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56) Which of the following control charts is/are for attributes?

A) x-bar chart only
B) R-chart only
C) p-chart only
D) both x-bar and R-charts
Answer: C
Diff: Moderate
57) Defects in computer hard-drives will usually render the entire computer worthless. For a
particular model, the percent defective in the past has been 1%. If a sample size of 400 is taken,
what would the 95.5% lower control chart limit be?
A) 0.00995
B) 0.00005
C) 0.00000
D) 0.01000
Answer: B
Diff: Moderate
58) A quality control program is being developed for batteries. The percent defective for these in
the past has been 3%. If a sample size of 120 is taken, what would the 99.7% upper control chart
limit be?
A) 0.0812
B) 0.0767
C) 0.0611
D) 0.0307
Answer: B
Diff: Moderate

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59) Defects in marble countertops usually require the whole top to be reconstructed. In one
kitchen shop, the percent defective in the past has been one percent. If a sample size of 30 is
taken, what should the 95.5 percent upper control limit be?
A) 0.030
B) 0.000
C) 0.046
D) 0.064
Answer: C
Diff: Moderate
60) Defects in the finish of new, custom automobiles usually require the whole body to be
repainted. In one "custom" shop, the percentage of defective finishes has been 2 percent. If a
sample size of 10 is taken, what should the 99.7 percent upper control limit be?
A) 0.1328
B) 0.1085
C) 0.0443
D) 0.1528
Answer: D
Diff: Moderate

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Table 15-2
Given the sample results (100 units in each sample):
Number of Fraction
Sample Number
Errors Defective
1 0 0.00
2 9 0.09
3 6 0.06
4 7 0.07
5 2 0.02
6 7 0.07
7 7 0.07
8 5 0.05
9 4 0.04
10 5 0.05
61) Based on Table 15-2, find the 95.5% lower limit of the appropriate p-chart.
A) 0.0076
B) 0.0964
C) 0.2014
D) 0.1397
Answer: A
Diff: Moderate
62) The c-chart is useful when we

A) take a number of measurements and compute the average.
B) take a number of measurements and compute the ranges.
C) find the fraction of the production lot defective.
D) find the number of defective items in a production lot.
Answer: D
Diff: Moderate

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63) A company has been receiving complaints about the attitude of some sales clerks. Over a 10-
day period, the total number of complaints was 360. The company wishes to develop a control
chart for the number of complaints. What would the upper control limit on the number of
complaints per day be for a 3 sigma (99.7%) control chart?
A) 18
B) 36
C) 42
D) 54
Answer: D
Diff: Moderate
A) 12
B) 42
C) 48
D) 54
Answer: C
Diff: Moderate
chart for the number of complaints. What would the lower control limit on the number of
A) 20
B) 0
C) 15
D) 10
Answer: D
Diff: Moderate

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chart for the number of complaints. What would the lower control limit on the number of
A) 20
B) 0
C) 15
D) 10
Answer: C
Diff: Moderate
A) 35
B) 40
C) 50
D) 200
Answer: A
Diff: Moderate
68) Technically, to achieve Six Sigma quality, there would have to be fewer than ________
defects per million opportunities.
A) 6
B) 166,667
C) 67
D) 3.4
Answer: D
Diff: Difficult

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69) The standard deviation of a process can be described as

A) a measure of dispersion.
B) the average value.
C) a measure of central tendency.
D) assignable variations.
Answer: A
Diff: Easy
70) The mean of a process can be described as

A) a measure of dispersion.
B) the average value.
C) the standard deviation.
D) a measure of consistency.
Answer: B
Diff: Easy
71) Which of these patterns on a control chart would require a worker to stop the process and
investigate for an assignable cause?
A) a run of five points alternating up and down
B) a run of three consecutive points above the center line
C) two out of three points close to the center line
D) one point below the lower control limit
Answer: D
Diff: Easy

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A) a run of five consecutive points below the center line
B) a run of three consecutive points all increasing
C) six consecutive points close to the center line
D) one point near the lower control limit
Answer: A
Diff: Difficult
A) a run of three consecutive points above the center line
B) a trend run of six consecutive points all decreasing
C) six consecutive points close to the center line
D) one point near the lower control limit
Answer: B
Diff: Difficult
74) A 400-student lecture in introductory statistics conducted by a tenured professor breaks into
20 sections of 20 students for problem sessions run by helpful graduate assistants that give
weekly quizzes to lighten the mood. The graduate assistants determine their section averages for
their quiz each week and compare the numbers. Which of these statements is best?
A) The standard deviation of the section averages should approach the overall standard
deviation.
B) A graduate assistant whose section quiz average falls outside three sigma limits should be
replaced.
C) For any given week, the section averages should be normally distributed.
D) 95.5% of the section averages should fall within three standard deviations of the overall
average.
Answer: C
Diff: Moderate

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75) Samaje studied his control chart and noticed it had been built with repeated samples of five
units and three sigma limits that were UCL = 51.71 and LCL = 38.29. What is the process
standard deviation?
A) 3
B) 1.732
C) 2.236
D) 5
Answer: D
Diff: Moderate
76) Joe studied his control chart and noticed it had been built with repeated samples of ten units
and three sigma limits that were UCL = 109.0125 and LCL = 90.9875. What is the process
standard deviation?
A) 9.5
B) 6.7
C) 5.2
D) 3
Answer: A
Diff: Moderate
77) Baker studied his control chart and noticed it had been built with repeated samples of eight
units and three sigma limits that were UCL = 73.07 and LCL = 58.93. What is the process
standard deviation?
A) 2.35
B) 6.67
C) 5.26
D) 3.33
Answer: B
Diff: Moderate

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Table 15-1

n A2 D4 D3
2 1.880 3.628 0
3 1.023 2.574 0
4 0.729 2.282 0
5 0.577 2.114 0
6 0.483 2.004 0
7 0.419 1.924 0.076
8 0.373 1.864 0.136
9 0.337 1.816 0.184
10 0.308 1.777 0.223
12 0.266 1.716 0.284
78) Use the data shown below and the information in Table 15-1 to develop an upper control
limit for a control chart that monitors central tendency. What is the upper control limit?
Sample X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 Xbar Range

1 10.23 10.14 10.21 10.73 10.76 10.41 0.62
2 10.8 10.69 10.11 10.79 10.63 10.6 0.69
3 10.12 10.84 10.96 10.21 10.97 10.62 0.85
4 10.27 10.85 10.63 10.37 10.92 10.61 0.65
5 10.78 10.54 10.74 10.39 10.41 10.57 0.39
6 10.24 10.17 10.33 10.27 10.36 10.27 0.19
7 10.17 10.07 10.66 10.4 10.38 10.34 0.59
8 10.76 10.99 10.86 10.36 10.76 10.75 0.63
9 10.12 10.5 10.47 10.59 10.73 10.48 0.61
10 10.15 10.32 10.47 10.42 10.43 10.36 0.32
A) 0
B) 1.17
C) 10.82
D) 11.99
Answer: C
Diff: Moderate

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79) Use the data shown below and the information in Table 15-1 to develop an upper control
limit for a control chart that monitors consistency. What is the upper control limit?

1 10.23 10.14 10.21 10.73 10.76 10.41 0.62
2 10.8 10.69 10.11 10.79 10.63 10.6 0.69
3 10.12 10.84 10.96 10.21 10.97 10.62 0.85
4 10.27 10.85 10.63 10.37 10.92 10.61 0.65
5 10.78 10.54 10.74 10.39 10.41 10.57 0.39
6 10.24 10.17 10.33 10.27 10.36 10.27 0.19
7 10.17 10.07 10.66 10.4 10.38 10.34 0.59
8 10.76 10.99 10.86 10.36 10.76 10.75 0.63
9 10.12 10.5 10.47 10.59 10.73 10.48 0.61
10 10.15 10.32 10.47 10.42 10.43 10.36 0.32
A) 2.11
B) 6.38
C) 10.82
D) 1.17
Answer: D
Diff: Moderate
80) A company is producing cylindrical blocks for a children's toy. The average diameter of a
block is 3.5 inches. Sixteen blocks are inspected and the diameters are measured. The standard
deviation is estimated to be 0.02 inches. What are the 99.7% upper and lower control limits for
the x-bar chart?
Answer: LCL = 3.485 UCL = 3.515
Diff: Moderate

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81) A coffee company is attempting to make certain that all its packaged coffee beans contain the
same amount of coffee bean by weight. Over the last few days, it has taken several samples. The
overall average weight of the sampled packages is 16 ounces, with an average range of 4 ounces.
Each sample was of five packages. What would be the 99.7 upper and lower control limits for an
-chart?
Answer: LCL = 13.692 ounces UCL = 18.308 ounces
Diff: Moderate
82) A coffee company is attempting to make certain that all its packaged coffee beans contain the
same amount of coffee bean by weight. Over the last few days, it has taken several samples. The
overall average weight of the sampled packages is 16 ounces, with an average range of 3 ounces.
Each sample was of four packages. What would be the 99.7 upper and lower control limits for an
R chart?
Answer: UCL = 6.846 ounces LCL = 0 ounces
Diff: Moderate
83) A local children's boutique specializes in formal wear for young girls. It has recently hired a
new seamstress. To assure the dresses have standard sizes, twenty samples of each 12 dresses
that were labeled 3T were sampled. The average length from shoulder to hemline measured 21
inches with a range of 0.5 inches. A sample has just been taken with the following lengths: 21.25,
22.0, 21.5, 20.75, 21.25, 21.35, 21.35, 21.35, 21.35, 21.35, 21.35, and 21.35. Is the new
seamstress performing at an acceptable quality level?
Answer: UCL = 21 + 0.5(0.266) = 21.133
LCL = 21 - 0.5(0.266) = 20.867
Range UCL = 1.716 * 0.5 = 0.858
LCL = 0.284 * 0.5 = 0.142
The new seamstress is not performing at an acceptable level because both the range of this last
sample (1.25) and the x-bar (21.35) are too high.
Diff: Difficult

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84) A computer diskette manufacturer is concerned that some diskettes have bad sectors that
would cause a diskette to hold less information than it was intended to hold. In the past, only 5%
of these diskettes have had bad sectors. If the company wishes to set 95.5% control limits based
on samples of size 500, what would these limits be?
Answer: LCL = 0.0305 UCL = 0.0695
Diff: Moderate
85) A p-chart has been developed for a particular item. In the past, 4% of such items have been
found to be defective. If a sample of 100 is taken, and 9 of these are found to be defective,
should the process be considered out of control based on 99.7% control limits? Explain.
Answer: If 99.7% control limits are developed, they are as follows: LCL = 0 (-.02) UCL = 0.10.
Since 9% is in this range, the process is not out of control.
Diff: Moderate
86) A p-chart has been developed for a particular item. In the past, 4% of such items have been
found to be defective. If a sample of 100 is taken, and 9 of these are found to be defective,
should the process be considered out of control based on 95.5% control limits? Explain.
Answer: If 95.5% control limits are developed, they are as follows: LCL = 0.0008 UCL =
0.0792. Since 9% is in this range, the process is out of control.
Diff: Moderate
87) A computer software manufacturer has a toll-free telephone number that customers may use
if they have problems or questions about the software. In the past, the company has averaged
four calls per hour on a particular product. If a 95.5% c-chart is developed for this, what would
the limits be?
Answer: LCL = 0 UCL = 8
Diff: Moderate

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88) Leo Phan is the new business manager at PC Priced Right. He is concerned that his register
is incorrectly ringing items. For those items sold during the last seven days, he has counted 10
that were incorrectly charged. What would be the 99.7% control limits for the number of
incorrect rings per week on this process?
Answer: LCL = 0 .51 UCL = 19.49
Diff: Moderate
89) A retail store charts the number of customer returns per day. Under normal conditions, the
store expects 10 customer returns per day. During the past 10 days, the observed customer
returns were as follows: 12, 9, 8, 14, 8, 13, 8, 10, 9, 11. Using 99.7% control limits, is the
process under control?
Answer: The process is in control since 10.2 is within the LCL = 0.51 and UCL = 19.42
Diff: Moderate
90) Explain the difference between control charts for variables and attributes.
Answer: Control charts for variables are used to monitor characteristics of processes that are
measured where control charts for attributes are based on assessments of products or services
being defective.
Diff: Moderate
Topic: CONTROL CHARTS FOR VARIABLES AND CONTROL CHARTS FOR
ATTRIBUTES
LO: 15.3: Develop two types of variable control charts: x and R. 15.4: Develop two types of
attribute control charts: p and c.
91) Explain the difference between an x-bar chart and a R-chart.

Answer: x-bar charts are used to monitor central tendency with respect to a variable of a process
where the R-chart monitors the variability of the process variable.
Diff: Moderate

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92) Explain the difference between a p-chart and a c-chart.

Answer: A p-chart is used to monitor the proportion defective in a sample where the c-chart
monitors the number of defects that occur per unit.
Diff: Moderate

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Table 15-1

n A2 D4 D3
2 1.880 3.628 0
3 1.023 2.574 0
4 0.729 2.282 0
5 0.577 2.114 0
6 0.483 2.004 0
7 0.419 1.924 0.076
8 0.373 1.864 0.136
9 0.337 1.816 0.184
10 0.308 1.777 0.223
12 0.266 1.716 0.284

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93) Use the data shown below and the information in Table 15-1 to develop a control chart that
monitors consistency. Use your chart to make an assessment — is the process in control?

1 10.23 10.14 10.21 10.73 10.76 10.41 0.62
2 10.8 10.69 10.11 10.79 10.63 10.6 0.69
3 10.12 10.84 10.96 10.21 10.97 10.62 0.85
4 10.27 10.85 10.63 10.37 10.92 10.61 0.65
5 10.78 10.54 10.74 10.39 10.41 10.57 0.39
6 10.24 10.17 10.33 10.27 10.36 10.27 0.19
7 10.17 10.07 10.66 10.4 10.38 10.34 0.59
8 10.76 10.99 10.86 10.36 10.76 10.75 0.63
9 10.12 10.5 10.47 10.59 10.73 10.48 0.61
10 10.15 10.32 10.47 10.42 10.43 10.36 0.32
Answer: Rbar = 0.554, so UCLR = 1.171 and LCLR = 0

The R chart is in control, well within the upper and lower three sigma limits with no unusual
patterns.
Diff: Moderate

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94) Use the data shown below and the information in Table 15-1 to develop a control chart that
monitors central tendency. Use your chart to make an assessment — is the process in control?

1 10.23 10.14 10.21 10.73 10.76 10.41 0.62
2 10.8 10.69 10.11 10.79 10.63 10.6 0.69
3 10.12 10.84 10.96 10.21 10.97 10.62 0.85
4 10.27 10.85 10.63 10.37 10.92 10.61 0.65
5 10.78 10.54 10.74 10.39 10.41 10.57 0.39
6 10.24 10.17 10.33 10.27 10.36 10.27 0.19
7 10.17 10.07 10.66 10.4 10.38 10.34 0.59
8 10.76 10.99 10.86 10.36 10.76 10.75 0.63
9 10.12 10.5 10.47 10.59 10.73 10.48 0.61
10 10.15 10.32 10.47 10.42 10.43 10.36 0.32
Answer: Xbar = 10.5, so UCLXbar = 10.82 and LCLXbar = 10.18
The Xbar chart is in control, within the upper and lower three sigma limits with no unusual
patterns.
Diff: Moderate

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95) A professor gives a series of twenty quizzes in his operations planning and control class just
to keep his students on their toes. Each quiz consists of fifty questions and the results for one
student (the number of questions missed on each exam) are shown in the table. Construct an
appropriate control chart for this situation. Is the student in control?
Quiz # # Missed Quiz # # Missed

1 6 11 2
2 1 12 1
3 0 13 8
4 7 14 3
5 9 15 3
6 3 16 1
7 9 17 9
8 7 18 3
9 1 19 8
10 0 20 3
Answer: A c-chart is appropriate in this case because the quiz results show a count of the
number of items missed. The c-bar is 4.2 with a UCL = 10.35 and LCL = 0. The control chart
shows that the process is in control.
Diff: Moderate

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96) A professor gives a series of twenty quizzes in his operations planning and control class just
to keep his students on their toes. Each quiz consists of one hundred true-false questions and the
results for one student are shown in the table. Construct an appropriate control chart for this
situation. Is the student in control?
Sample Grade Sample Grade

1 95 11 89
2 92 12 98
3 99 13 98
4 99 14 94
5 99 15 91
6 93 16 96
7 95 17 98
8 96 18 100
9 94 19 95
10 94 20 98
Answer: A p-chart is appropriate in this case because the quiz results show a percentage correct.
The p-bar is 0.9565 with a UCL = 1.018 and LCL = 0.895. The control chart shows that the
process is out of control at Quiz #11.
Diff: Moderate

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Chapter 15 - Test bank

Business Decision Analysis Tools (Northwest Missouri State University)

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Quantitative Analysis for Management, 13e (Render et al.)

1) W. Edwards Deming introduced control charts in the 1920s.

5) It is impossible to develop a process that has zero variability.

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7) Assignable variations in a process are also called natural variations.

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11) The underlying distribution for a p-chart is binomial.

14) C-charts are used to analyze the proportion defective in a sample.

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19) Robert Pirsig defines quality as "Fitness for use."

20) The independent axis of a control chart is time.

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26) Which of the following is not a popular definition of quality?

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ability to satisfy stated or implied needs.

28) Variations that usually occur in a process are called

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33) charts indicate changes in

34) Who introduced control charts in 1924?

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35) The -chart would be useful when we

36) The R-chart would be useful when we

37) R-charts measure changes in

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Sample Size Mean Factor Upper Range Lower Range

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46) The U.S. government award for quality achievement is the

47) The p-chart would be useful when we

48) A p-chart is based on which of the following probability distributions?

49) A c-chart is based on which of the following probability distributions?

50) Which of the following statements is false regarding control charts?

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A) X-bar charts measure central tendency in a process.

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55) Which of the following control charts is/are for variables?

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56) Which of the following control charts is/are for attributes?

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Given the sample results (100 units in each sample):

62) The c-chart is useful when we

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69) The standard deviation of a process can be described as

70) The mean of a process can be described as

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Sample Size Mean Factor Upper Range Lower Range

Sample X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 Xbar Range

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Sample X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 Xbar Range

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