HYDROGEN PRODUCTION

A PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED FOR THE INNOVATIVE WORK

FOR
THE MID TERM EVALUATION
OF
APPLIED CHEMISTRY 101
FOR THE DEGREE OF
BATCHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

Submitted by:
Keshav Shri (2K20/A3/41)
Juhi Yadav (2K20/A3/07)
Under the supervision of
Prof. RC Sharma
DELHI TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
(FORMERLY DELHI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING) BAWANA ROAD, NEW DELHI-110042
 Candidate Declaration

I, Keshav Shri, (2K20/A3/41) and Juhi Yadav (2K20/A3/07), students of B. Tech, hereby declare
that the project titled “HYDROGEN PRODUCTION” which is submitted by me to the Department
of Applied Chemistry, Delhi Technological University, Delhi in partial fulfillment of the
requirement for the award of the degree of Bachelor Of Technology, is original and not copied
from any source without proper citation.

Place: New Delhi KeshavShri(2K20/A3/41)

Date: Juhi Yadav(2K20/A3/07)

DELHI TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

(FORMERLY DELHI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING) BAWANA ROAD, NEW DELHI-110042

 Certificate

I, hereby certify, that the project titled “HYDROGEN PRODUCTION” which is submitted by
KESAHV SHRI (2K20/A3/41) and JUHI YADAV (2K20/A3/07) students of B. Tech Delhi
Technological University, Delhi in complete fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the
degree of the Bachelor of Technology, is a record of the project work carried out by the students
under my supervision. To the best of my knowledge this work has not been submitted in part or
full for any Degree or Diploma to this University or elsewhere.

Place: New Delhi Prof. RC Sharma

Date:

DELHI TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

(FORMERLY DELHI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING) BAWANA ROAD, NEW DELHI-110042

 Acknowledgement

I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to Prof. RC Sharma for his able guidance
and support in the completion of my project titled “HYDROGEN PRODUCTION”.
I would also like to express my sincere thanks to Prof. Archana Rani and Jitendra Sir for
their immense help and encouragement. I am highly indebted to the Department of
Applied Chemistry, Delhi Technological University for providing me with the golden
opportunity of working on this project. Special thanks and appreciation to all my fellow
batch mates for their thoughtful contributions.
 Contents
 Introduction
 Need of Hydrogen
 Hydrogen Production
 Steam Reforming
 Terrace Wall Steam Reformer
 Conclusion
Introduction

 Hydrogen use has become integral feature of most refineries.

 This has been made necessary by the increase in hydrotreating and
hydrocracking, including the treatment of progressively heavier feed
stocks.
 As hydrogen production grows, a better understanding of the
capabilities and requirements of the modern hydrogen plant becomes
ever more useful to the refiner.
 NEED OF HYDROGEN

 There has been a continual increase in refinery hydrogen demand

over the last several decades. This is a result of two outside forces
acting on the refining industry: environmental regulations and feedstock
shortages.
 Refiners are left with an oversupply of heavy, high- sulfur oil, and in
order to make lighter, cleaner, and more salable products, they need to
add hydrogen or reject carbon.
 Within this trend there are many individual factors depending on
location, complexity of the refinery, etc.
 HYDROGEN PRODUCTION

 Hydrogen has historically been produced in catalytic reforming, as a by-

product of the production of the high-octane aromatic compounds used in
gasoline.
 Where by-product hydrogen production has not been adequate, hydrogen
has been manufactured by steam reforming. In some cases partial oxidation
has been used, particularly where heavy oil is available at low cost.
 The heavier and the sourer the crudes, the larger the hydrogen
requirement.

HYDROGEN PRODUCTION
 Carbon is produced on the catalyst at the same time that hydrocarbon
is reformed to hydro- gen and CO. With natural gas or similar
feedstock, reforming predominates and the car- bon can be removed by
reaction with steam as fast as it is formed. When heavier feed stocks are
used, the carbon is not removed fast enough and builds up. Carbon can
also be formed where the reforming reaction does not keep pace with
heat input, and a hot spot is formed.
 To avoid carbon buildup, alkali materials, usually some form of
potash, are added to the catalyst when heavy feeds are to be used. These
promote the carbon-steam reaction and help keep the catalyst clean.
The reforming furnace is also designed to produce uniform heat input
to the catalyst tubes, to avoid coking from local hot spots.
 HYDROGEN PRODUCTION

 After reforming, the CO in the gas is reacted with steam to form

additional hydrogen, in the water-gas shift reaction.

 CO + H2O → CO2 + H2  DELTA H =(-38.4 kJ/(g.mol).

Steam Reforming-based Technology
 Terrace Wall Steam Reformer

 Side-fired heater with burners located along lateral walls with flames
vertically arranged.
 Radiant section comprising a firebox with a single row of catalyst tubes with
two terraces on both sides of the tubes on which the burners are installed.
 Catalyst tubes are flanged at the top to allow loading and unloading of the
catalyst.
Key Advantages

 The inclined ‘terrace walls’ are uniformly heated vertically by the

rising flow of hot gases.
 Each terrace capable of being independently heated to provide the
particular heat flux desired in its zone.
 Molecular and radiant convention sections reducing construction
time and cost.
Key Advantages

 Can operate in natural draft mode keeping the full hydrogen

production.
 Very compact design reducing the plot area.
Leading to:
• Lower operating cost
• Lower maintenance cost
• Lower investment cost
 Conclusion

 Hydrogen is vital for a modern refinery operation

 Hydrogen generated as by-product in the refinery
process units is not enough to cover needs. Additional
reliable hydrogen must be produced.
 Bibliography
• en.wikipedia.org
• www.livemint.com
• www.indiatoday.in
• www.mohfw.gov.in
• economictimes.indiatimes.com
• www.outlookindia.com
• thewire.in
• www.pharmaceutical-technology.com
• www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
• chemistry.stackexchange.com