CHARLES LAW

1. .A sample of gas at 101.3kPa had a volume of 1.2L at 100 oC. What would its volume be at 0oC at the same pressure?

Vi = 1.2L                                   Vf = ?

Ti = 100oC = 100 + 273 = 373K     Tf = 0oC = 0 + 273 =273K

1.2/373 = Vf/273

3.22 x 10-3 = Vf/273

Vf = 3.22 x 10-3 x 273 = 0.88L (880mL)

2. A balloon had a volume of 75L at 25oC. To what does the temperature need to raised in order for the balloon to have a
volume of 100L at the same pressure?

Vi = 75L                                 Vf = 100L

Ti = 25oC = 25 + 273 = 298K     Tf = ? (K)

V
/  = Vf/Tf
i Ti

75/298 = 100/Tf

0.2517 = 100/Tf

Tf = 100/0.2517 = 397K (397-273 = 124oC)

3.  A certain amount of gas occupies a volume of 60 L at 300 K temperature. Find the temperature of the gas which has a
volume of 100 L.
 Vi = 60 L, Ti = 300 K, Vf = 100 L
  Step 1: Substitute the values in the below final temperature equation:
            Final Temperature(Tf) = VfTi / Vi
            = (100 x 300) / 60
            = 30000 / 60
            Final Temperature(Tf) = 500 K

4. Find the final volume of gas at 100 K, if the volume of gas is 5 L at 120 K.
 Vi = 5 L, Ti = 120 K, Tf = 100 K
  Step 1: Substitute the values in the below volume equation:
            Final Volume(Vf) = ViTf / Ti
            = (5 x 100) / 120
            = 500 / 120
            Final Volume(Vf) = 4.167 L
5. A container contains 5 L of nitrogen gas at 25° C. What will be its volume if the temperature increases by 35° C
keeping the pressure constant?

Solution:

V1 = 5 L                                              V2 = ?

T1 = (25°C + 273) K = 298 K         T2 = (25°C + 35°C + 273) K = 333 K

V1/T1 = V2/T2

Substituting the values,

5 L / 298 K = V2 / 333 K

V2 = 5 L x 333 K / 298 K

V2 = 5.59 L

6. By what factor the temperature has to be raised to double the volume of a given gas balloon at constant pressure?

Solution:

Let's say the initial Volume is V and the initial temperature is T

V1 = V and T1 = T

So, when volume is doubled,

V2 = 2V and T2 = T + x , where x is the rise in temperature

According to Charles Law, at constant pressure

V1 / T1 = V2 / T2

 => V / T = 2V / (T + x)

By rearranging,

(T + x) / T = 2V / V = 2

  => T + x = 2T

 => x = T

Now, T2 = T + x = T + T = 2T

Therefore, T2 / T1 = 2T / T = 2

7. A sample of gas occupies 3 L at 300 K. What volume will it occupy at 200 K?

Solution:

V1 = 3 L                                        V2 = ?

T1 = 300 K                                     T2 = 200 K

Now, according to Charles law

V1/T1 = V2/T2

Substituting the values,

3 L / 300 K = V2 / 200 K

V2 = 3 L x 200 K / 300 K

V2 = 2 L

8. A sample of oxygen occupies a volume of 1.6 L at 91°C. What will be the temperature when the volume of oxygen
is reduced to 1.2 L?

Solution:

V1 = 1.6 L                                        V2 = 1.2 L

T1 = (91°C + 273) K = 364 K             T2 = ?

Now, according to Charles law

V1/T1 = V2/T2

Substituting the values,

1.6 L / 364 K = 1.2 L / T2

T2 = 1.2 L x 364 K / 1.6 L

T2 = 273 K
9  A 250 cm3 sample of neon is collected at 44.0 oC.   Assuming the pressure remains constant, what would be the volume of the
neon at standard temperature?

Solution:

First change the Celsius temperature to Kelvin.

K = oC + 273
K = 44.0 oC + 273
K = 317

Now list the given quantities and the unknown.

T1 = 317 K
V1 = 250 cm3
T2 = 273 K (standard temperature in Kelvin
V2 = ?

Now predict the results.  The temperature is going down, so the volume must go down as well.

Write the original formula and then isolate the unknown: a)        V1     V2 
                                                                                                          ----   =  ----
                                                                                                           T1       T2 

                                                                                                  b)       T2 x V1     V2   x T2

                                                                                                                   ----   =  ---- 
                                                                                                                     T1       T2

                                                                                                   c)        V2 = T2 x V1

                                                                                                                                                             -----------

T    
                                                                                                                                                                  1

Now, substitute, solve and round to correct significant digits.

T1 = 317 K
V1 = 250 cm3
T2 = 273 K (standard temperature in Kelvin
V2 = ?
                                                                                                             V2 = T2 x V1
                                                                                                                                                             -----------

T   
                                                                                                                                                                  1

                                                                                                                 V2 = 273 K x 250 cm3

                                                                                                                         -----------------------
                                                                                                                           317 K

                                                                                                                   V2 = 215.2996845 cm3

                                                                                                                    V2  220 cm3
10. A sample of oxygen gas has a volume of 2.73 dm3 at 21.0 oC.  At what temperature would the gas have a volume of 4.00
dm3?

Solution:

First change the Celsius temperature to Kelvin.

K = oC + 273
K = 21.0 oC + 273
K = 294 K

Now list the given quantities and the unknown.

T1 = 294 K
V1 = 2.73 dm3
T2 = ?
V2 = 4.00 dm3

Now predict the results.  The temperature must go up in order for the volume to go up.

Write the original formula and then isolate the unknown: a)        V1     V2 
                                                                                                          ----   =  ----
                                                                                                           T1       T2 

                                                                                                  b)       T2 = T1 x V2 

                                                                                                                   ----------- 
                                                                                                                         V1
Now, substitute, solve and round to correct significant digits.
T1 = 294 K
V1 = 2.73 dm3
T2 = ?
V2 = 4.00 dm3
                                                                                                             T2 = T1 x V2
                                                                                                                                                             -----------

V   
                                                                                                                                                                  1

                                                                                                                 T2 = 294 K x 4.00 dm3

                                                                                                                         -----------------------
                                                                                                                           2.73 dm3

                                                                                                                   T2 = 430.7692308 K

                                                                                                                    T2  431 K
11. A given mass of a gas occupies 960 ml at 27oC. What volume will it occupy if the temperature is raised to 177oC,
pressure remaining constant.

Solution:-

V1 = 960 ml V2 =?

T1 = (27oC + 273) = 300 K T2 = (177oC) = 273 = 450 K

Substitution the values

Hence the new volume will be 1440 ml.

12. 400 ml of a gas at 227oC is to be reduced to a volume of 300 ml. By what degrees celsius, must the temperature
be altered, keeping pressure constant.

Solution:-

V1 =400 ml V2 =300 ml

T1 = (227oC + 273) = 500 K T2 = ?

Substituting the values

T2 = 375 K

T2 in degree Celsius = 375 - 273 =102oC

Alteration of temperature = 227oC - 102oC = 125oC

13. The volume of a given mass of gas, at 150oC is 400 ml. At what temperature, will it occupy a volume of 600 ml at
the same pressure?

Solution:-

V1 = 400 ml V2 = 600 ml

T1 = 15oC + 273 = 288 K T2 = ?

The new temperature = 159oC.

Substituting the values

T2 = 432 K

T2 in degree Celsius = 432 - 273 =159oC

14. A given mass of a gas is at a temperature of 3oC. When the gas is heated to 95oC at a constant pressure, at
occupies a volume of 460 ml. What is the initial volume of the gas?

Solution:-

V1 = ? V2 = 460 ml

T1 = 3oC + 273 = 276 K T2 = 95oC + 273 = 368 K

Substituting the values

Initial volume = 345 ml.

15 . A certain amount of gas occupies a volume of 60 L at 300 K temperature. Find the temperature of the gas which has a
volume of 100 L.
 Vi = 60 L, Ti = 300 K, Vf = 100 L
  Step 1: Substitute the values in the below final temperature equation:
            Final Temperature(Tf) = VfTi / Vi
            = (100 x 300) / 60
            = 30000 / 60
            Final Temperature(Tf) = 500 K

BOYLE’S LAW

1, calculate the final volume of a gas if the pressure of a 4.0 L sample is changed from 2.5 atm to 5.0 atm.

You calculate z = Pfinal/Pinitial

z = 5.0 / 2.5
z=2

Pfinal = 1/z x Vinitial

Pfinal = 1/2 x 4.0 L
Pfinal = 2.0 L

2. A given mass of a gas occupies 240 ml at 800 mm of Hg. What volume will the gas occupy if the pressure is
increased to 1200 mm of Hg, temperature remaining constant?

Solution:-

P1= 800 mm P2=1200 mm

V1=240 ml V2=?

Applying Boyle's Law

P1 V1 = P 2 V2

Substituting the values

800 x 240 = 1200 x V2

Hence the new volume=160 ml.

3. At a pressure of 2 atmosphere a fixed mass of hydrogen occupies a volume of 8 litres. What pressure must be
maintained if the volume is to be increased to 10 litres, temperature remaining constant?

Solution:-

P1 = 1520 mm of Hg , P2 =?

V1= 8 lt V2=10 lt

Applying Boyle's Law

P1 V1 = P 2 V2

Substituting the values

2 x 8 = P2 x 10

The pressure that must be maintained = 1216 mm of Hg

4. A certain volume of a gas is under a pressure of 900 mm of Hg. When the pressure is increased by 300 mm, the
gas occupies 2700 ml. If this change occurs at a constant temperature, calculate the initial volume of the gas.

Solution:-

P1 = 900 mm P2 = 1200 mm

V1 = ? V2 = 2700 ml

Applying Boyle's Law

P1 V1 = P 2 V2

Substituting the values

900 x V1=1200  2700

Initial volume = 3600 ml

5. A certain mass of ammonia occupies 600 ml at a certain pressure. When the pressure is changed to 4 atmosphere
it occupies a volume of 2.4 litres, temperature remaining constant. What was the initial pressure?

Solution:-

P1= ? P2= 4 atm

V1= 600 ml V2 = 2.4 lt =2400ml

Applying Boyle's Law

P1V1= P2 V2

Substituting the values

P1x 600 = 4 x 2400

Initial pressure =12160 mm of Hg

6. A certain mass of carbon dioxide occupies a volume of 480 litres at 1 atmosphere pressure. What pressure must
be applied to confine it to a cylinder of 12 litre capacity, temperature remaining constant?

Solution:-

P1=1atm P2 = ?

V1= 480 lt V2 =12 lt

Applying Boyle's Law

P1 V1= P2 V2

Substituting the values

Hence the pressure required = 30400 mm of Hg

7. A huge tank contains 80,000 litres of oxygen, at a pressure of 121600 mm of Hg. If the oxygen is to be replaced
into cylinders of 20 litres capacity at a pressure of 30400 mm of Hg, how many cylinders will be needed?

Solution:-

P1= 121600 mm of Hg    P2 = 30400 mm of Hg

V1= 80,000 lt V2 =?

Applying Boyle's law

P1 V1 = P2 V2

Substituting the values

Capacity of a cylinder = 20 lt

= 16000.

8.  gas collected in a 350 cm3 container exerts a pressure of 103 kPa.  What would be the volume of this gas at 150 kPa of
pressure?  (Assume that the temperature remains constant.)

Solving:

Write the original formula:                                            P1V1 = P2V2

Then list what is given and what is unknown.

P1 = 103 kPa

V1= 350 cm3

P2 = 150 kPa

V2 = ?

Next, predict what should happen.  The pressure is going up by nearly 1/3, so the volume should go down by a bit less than 1/3.

Now, Adjust the original formula to isolate the unknown, solve and round to the correct number of significant digits.

a)  P1V1 = P2V2

b)  P1V1 = P2V2
        -------         --------

                P2               P2         

c) V2 = P1V1
               -------
             P2

P1 = 103 kPa                                                         V2 = 103 kPa x 350 cm3

                                                                                       -------------------------
V1= 350 cm3                                                                           150 kPa

P2 = 150 kPa                                                        V2 = 240.333333 cm3

V2 = ?                                                                    V2 = 240 cm3

9. neon has a volume of 239 cm3 at 2.00 atm of pressure.  What would the pressure have to be in order for the gas to have a
volume of 5.00 x 102 cm3?

Solving:

Write the original formula:                                            P1V1 = P2V2

Then list what is given and what is unknown.

P1 =  2.00 atm

V1= 239 cm3

P2 = ?

V2 = 5.00 x 102 cm3

Next, predict what should happen.    You want the volume to more than double, so the pressure would have to be less than half
the original.

Now, Adjust the original formula to isolate the unknown, solve and round to the correct number of significant digits.

a)  P1V1 = P2V2

b) P1V1 = P2V2
        --------   --------
       V2         V2

c) P2 =  P1V1
                     ----------

V
                     2

P1 =  2.00 atm                                                                    P2 = 2.00 atm x 239 cm3 

                                                                                                   ------------------------
V1= 239 cm3                                                                                5.00 x 102 cm3

P2 = ?                                                                                 P2 = 0.956 atm

V2 = 5.00 x 102 cm3                                                          P2 = 0.956 atm

10. A certain amount of gas contains a volume of 4 L at 100 kPa pressure. Find the pressure of the gas if it occupies in 15 L
container.
 Pi = 100 kPa, Vi = 4 L, Vf = 15 L
  Step 1:Substitute the values in the below final pressure equation:
            Final Pressure(Pf) = PiVi / Vf
            = (100 x 4) / 15
            = 400 / 15
            Final Pressure(Pf) = 26.67 kPa

11. Find the final volume of gas, from 8 L of gas at 150 kPa until the pressure becomes 125 kPa.
 Pi = 150 kPa, Vi = 8 L, Pf = 125 kPa
  Step 1: Substitute the values in the below volume equation:
           Final Volume(Vf) = PiVi / Pf
            = (150 x 8) / 125
            = 1200 / 125
           Final Volume(Vf) = 9.6 L

12.   A particular balloon is designed by its manufacturer to be inflated to a volume of no more than 2.5 L. If the
balloon is filled with 2.0 L of helium at sea level, is released, and rises to an altitude at which the atmospheric
pressure is only 500 mm Hg, will the balloon burst? (Assume temperature to be constant).

Solution:

At constant n and T,

PV= nRT= constant

P1V1 = P2V2

At sea level,

P1 = 1 atm = 760 mm of Hg                             P2 = 500 mm of Hg

V1 = 2 L                                                          V2 =?

V2 = (P1 × V1)/ P2

      = (760 × 2) / 500

      = 3.0 L
13.     In an airplane, a gas sample occurs at a volume of 1.5 L at 760.0 torr. Suppose, while flying, the airplane loses
pressure and the volume of the gas increases to 11.40 Liters. What is the pressure in the airplane if the temperature
is constant?

Solution:

V1 = 1.5 L                         P1 = 760 torr

V2 = 11.4 L                       P2 =?

P1V1 = P2V2

P2 = (P1 × V1) / V2

P2 = (760 × 1.5) / 11.4

= 100 torr

The new pressure is 100 torr.

14.    A 50.0 mL sample of a gas is contained in a syringe with a pressure gauge attached. Initially, the gauge
indicates a pressure of 1.00 atm. The plunger is pushed so that the pressure reads a 1.45 atm. What is the new
volume of the gas?

Solution:

V1 = 50 mL                       P1 = 1 atm

V2 =?                                P2= 1.45 atm

V2 = (P1 × V1)/ P2

V2 = (1 × 50) / 1.45

     = 34.48

i.e., V2 ≈ 34.5 mL

Therefore, the new volume of the gas is 34.5 mL.

15.   A balloon of gas occupies 2.5 L at 780 torr. What new volume will the gas occupy at 60 torr if the temperature is
constant?

Solution:

V1 = 2.5 L                         P1 = 780 torr

V2 =?                                P2 = 60 torr

V2 = (P1 × V1)/ P2

V2 = (780 × 2.5) / 60

     = 32.5 L

So, the new volume that the gas will occupy at 60 torr at constant temperature would be 32.5