PROBLEMS

AND
ORDER OF OPERATIONS
WITH
RATIONAL NUMBERS

1
 PROBLEMS ON RATIONAL NUMBERS:
EXAMPLES:
𝟑
1)Find of 35. 7
𝟓
𝟑 𝟑𝟓 𝟑
Solution: 𝟑𝟓 × = × = 𝟐𝟏
𝟓 𝟏 𝟓
1

2)How many one over fours are there in 5?

𝟏 𝟓 𝟒 𝟐𝟎
Solution: 𝟓 ÷ = × = = 𝟐𝟎
𝟒 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏

3)In a school election there are two candidates, Ayşe and Mehmet. Ayşe gets
𝟓 𝟏
of the votes and Mehmet gets . A total of 150 pupils do not vote.
𝟖 𝟑

a)What fraction of the pupils: i)vote?

ii)do not vote?
b)How many pupils are there in the school?
c)How many votes does Ayşe get? 3
𝟓 𝟏 𝟓 𝟒 𝟗 𝟑
Solution: a)i) 𝟏𝟐 + 𝟑 = + = =
𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐 𝟒
(𝟏) (𝟒)
4
𝟑 𝟒 𝟑 𝟏
ii)𝟏 − = − =
𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒
𝟏 𝟏𝟓𝟎 𝟒
b)𝟏𝟓𝟎 ÷ = × = 𝟔𝟎𝟎
𝟒 𝟏 𝟏
50
𝟓 𝟔𝟎𝟎 𝟓
c)𝟔𝟎𝟎 × = × = 𝟐𝟓𝟎
𝟏𝟐 𝟏 𝟏𝟐
1
𝟏
4)Can read pages of a book. If he reads further 40 pages, she would have
𝟓
𝟕
read pages of the book. How many pages are left to be read?
𝟏𝟎
1
𝟕 𝟏 𝟕 𝟐 𝟓 𝟏 𝟏 𝟒𝟎 𝟐 𝟖𝟎
Solution: 𝟏𝟎 − 𝟓 = − = = 𝟒𝟎 ÷ = × = = 𝟖𝟎
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎 𝟐 𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
(𝟏) (𝟐)
2
𝟖𝟎 − 𝟒𝟎 = 𝟒𝟎

2
 𝟑
5)Su and Nehir want to make dresses for their dolls. Su has meters of
𝟒
𝟏
cloth, and she gave of it to Nehir. How much did Nehir have?
𝟑
𝟑 𝟏 𝟏
Solution: × =
𝟒 𝟑 𝟒

𝟑 𝟏
6)Cost of a burger is 𝟐𝟎 TL and cost of a coke is 𝟕 TL. Find the cost of 4
𝟒 𝟐
burgers and 2 cokes.
𝟑 𝟏 𝟖𝟑 𝟒 𝟐 𝟏𝟓
Solution: 𝟐𝟎 × 𝟒 + 𝟐 × 𝟕 = × + × = 𝟖𝟑 + 𝟏𝟓 = 𝟗𝟖
𝟒 𝟐 𝟒 𝟏 𝟏 𝟐

EXERCISES:
𝟓
1)What is of the number of days in June?
𝟔

𝟐 𝟏 𝟓
2)Subtract from the total of 𝟐 and 𝟑
𝟑 𝟔 𝟖

𝟏
3)A box of chocolate has 48 chocolates in it. If Mehmet eats of it, how
𝟔
many left?

𝟐 𝟐
4)A girl spends of her money, then of the remainder, and then has
𝟑 𝟑
420TL.What did she have at first?

𝟏 𝟏
5)I have 3000TL. I give of it to my brother, of it to my sister and I spend
𝟑 𝟒
𝟏
of it. How much money do I have left?
𝟏𝟎

𝟏 𝟐 𝟏
6) of a number equals ÷ . What is the number?
𝟖 𝟓 𝟐𝟎

3
 𝟏 𝟏
7)Hazal has 𝟔 kg of cotton wall for making pillows. If one takes 𝟏 kg ,
𝟒 𝟒
how many pillows can she make?

𝟖
8)Suzan reads of her book, but she has 45 more pages to read. How many
𝟏𝟕
pages are there on her book?

𝟐
9)The total number in a school is 630. If of them are girls, how many girls
𝟑
are there?

10)A pharmacist counts 48 tablets and puts them in a bottle. Each tablet
𝟏 𝟏
weights of a gram and the weight of the empty bottle is 𝟏𝟏𝟐 grams.
𝟒 𝟐
What is the total weight?

4
EXERCISES:(SOLUTIONS)
1)There are 30 days in June.
5
𝟓 𝟑𝟎 𝟓
𝟑𝟎 × = × = 𝟐𝟓
𝟔 𝟏 𝟔
1

𝟏 𝟓 𝟐 𝟏𝟑 𝟐𝟗 𝟐
2)(𝟐 + 𝟑 ) − = ( 𝟔 + 𝟖 )−𝟑
𝟔 𝟖 𝟑
(𝟒) (𝟑)

𝟓𝟐 𝟖𝟕 𝟐
=( + )−𝟑
𝟐𝟒 𝟐𝟒
𝟏𝟑𝟗 𝟐
= 𝟐𝟒 − 𝟑
(𝟏) (𝟖)

𝟏𝟑𝟗 𝟏𝟔
= −
𝟐𝟒 𝟐𝟒
𝟏𝟐𝟑
=
𝟐𝟒
1
𝟑
=𝟓
𝟐𝟒
8
𝟏
=𝟓
𝟖

8
𝟏 𝟒𝟖 𝟏 𝟖
3) 𝟒𝟖 × = × = =𝟖 𝟒𝟖 − 𝟖 = 𝟒𝟎
𝟔 𝟏 𝟔 𝟏

1
𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 𝟐 𝟏
4)𝟏 − = 𝟏 − 𝟑 = − =
𝟑 𝟑 𝟑 𝟑
(𝟑) (𝟏)

𝟏 𝟐 𝟐
× =
𝟑 𝟑 𝟗
𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 𝟗 𝟐 𝟕
𝟏− = 𝟏 − 𝟗 = − = (𝒍𝒆𝒇𝒕)
𝟗 𝟗 𝟗 𝟗
(𝟗) (𝟏)

60
𝟕 𝟒𝟐𝟎 𝟗
𝟒𝟐𝟎 ÷ = ×
𝟗 𝟏 𝟕
1
= 𝟓𝟒𝟎 𝑻𝑳
5
 1000
𝟏 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟏
5)𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎 × = × = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝑻𝑳(𝒃𝒓𝒐𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓) 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 + 𝟕𝟓𝟎 + 𝟑𝟎𝟎 = 𝟐𝟎𝟓𝟎
𝟑 𝟏 𝟑
1

750
𝟏 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟏
𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎 × = × = 𝟕𝟓𝟎𝑻𝑳(𝒔𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒆𝒓) 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎 − 𝟐𝟎𝟓𝟎 = 𝟗𝟓𝟎𝑻𝑳(𝒍𝒆𝒇𝒕)
𝟒 𝟏 𝟒
1
300
𝟏 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟏
𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎 × = × = 𝟑𝟎𝟎𝑻𝑳(𝑰 𝒔𝒑𝒆𝒏𝒅)
𝟏𝟎 𝟏 𝟏𝟎
1

4
𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 𝟐𝟎
6) ÷ = ×
𝟓 𝟐𝟎 𝟓 𝟏
1
𝟖
=
𝟏

=𝟖
𝟏 𝟖 𝟖
𝟖÷ = ×
𝟖 𝟏 𝟏
𝟔𝟒
=
𝟏

= 𝟔𝟒(𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓)

𝟏 𝟏 𝟐𝟓 𝟓
7) 𝟔 ÷ 𝟏 = ÷
𝟒 𝟒 𝟒 𝟒
5 1
𝟐𝟓 𝟒
= ×
𝟒 𝟓
1 1
= 𝟓 (𝒑𝒊𝒍𝒍𝒐𝒘𝒔)

𝟖 𝟗
8) 𝟏 − =
𝟏𝟕 𝟏𝟕
5
𝟗 𝟒𝟓 𝟏𝟕
𝟒𝟓 ÷ = ×
𝟏𝟕 𝟏 𝟗
1
𝟖𝟓
=
𝟏

= 𝟖𝟓(𝒑𝒂𝒈𝒆𝒔)

6
 210
𝟐 𝟔𝟑𝟎 𝟐
9) 𝟔𝟑𝟎 × = × = 𝟒𝟐𝟎(𝒈𝒊𝒓𝒍𝒔)
𝟑 𝟏 𝟑
1

12
𝟏 𝟒𝟖 𝟏
10) 𝟒𝟖 × = × = 𝟏𝟐 𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎𝒔
𝟒 𝟏 𝟒
1
𝟏 𝟏
𝟏𝟏𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟏𝟐𝟒 𝒈𝒓𝒂𝒎𝒔 (𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒘𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕)
𝟐 𝟐

7
 ORDER OF OPERATIONS WITH RATIONAL
NUMBERS
The order of operations is the steps used to simplify any mathematical
expressions.
The steps that we use to solve any mathematical expression are:
1)Simplify all the brackets.
2)Simplify all indices.
3)Simplify all multiplication and division from left to right.
4)Simplify all addition and subtraction from left to right.

8
EXAMPLES: Find:
𝟏 𝟏 𝟑 𝟏 𝟑
1) + × = 𝟑 + 𝟏𝟎
𝟑 𝟐 𝟓
(𝟏𝟎) (𝟑)

𝟏𝟎 𝟗
= +
𝟑𝟎 𝟑𝟎
𝟏𝟗
=
𝟑𝟎

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟓
2) ( − ) × (−𝟐 ) = ( 𝟒 − 𝟓 ) × (− )
𝟒 𝟓 𝟐 𝟐
(𝟓) (𝟒)

𝟓 𝟒 𝟓
=( − ) × (− 𝟐)
𝟐𝟎 𝟐𝟎
1
𝟏 𝟓
= ×−
𝟐𝟎 𝟐
4
𝟏
=−
𝟖

𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 𝟏 𝟕 𝟎 𝟏 𝟑
3) (− ) + (+ ) ÷ (− ) = (+ ) + (+ ) ÷ (+𝟏)
𝟑 𝟒 𝟗 𝟗 𝟒
𝟏 𝟑
= (+ ) + (+ ) × (+𝟏)
𝟗 𝟒

𝟏 𝟑
= (+ 𝟗 ) + (+ 𝟒 )
(𝟒) (𝟗)

𝟒 𝟐𝟕
= (+ ) + (+ 𝟑𝟔)
𝟑𝟔
𝟑𝟏
=+
𝟑𝟔
𝟑 𝟏 𝟔 𝟕
− 𝟕− 𝟐 − 𝟏𝟒 − 𝟏𝟒
4) 𝟑 𝟐 = 𝟑 𝟒
− 𝟏𝟒 + 𝟕 − 𝟏𝟒 + 𝟏𝟒
𝟏𝟑
−
𝟏𝟒
= 𝟏
𝟏𝟒
𝟏𝟑 𝟏𝟒
=− ×
𝟏𝟒 𝟏
𝟏𝟑
=−
𝟏

= −𝟏𝟑

9
 𝟏
𝟑 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟒
5) + 𝟑 = × +𝟏×
𝟒 𝟑 𝟒 𝟑
𝟒

𝟏 𝟒
= 𝟏𝟐 + 𝟑
(𝟏) (𝟒)

𝟏 𝟏𝟔
= +
𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐
𝟏𝟕
=
𝟏𝟐
𝟓
=𝟏
𝟏𝟐

𝟑 𝟏
6) If 𝑨 = (−𝟐 ) 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑩 = (+𝟏 ) then find the values of:
𝟒 𝟓

𝑨
𝒂) 𝒃) 𝟒𝑨 + 𝑩 𝒄) 𝑨𝟎 − 𝑩𝟐
𝑩
𝟑 𝟏𝟏
−𝟐 𝟒 − 𝟒
𝒂) =
𝟏 𝟔
+𝟏 +
𝟓 𝟓
𝟏𝟏 𝟓
=− ×
𝟒 𝟔
𝟓𝟓
=−
𝟐𝟒
𝟕
= −𝟐
𝟐𝟒
𝟑 𝟏 𝟒 𝟏𝟏 𝟔
𝒃) 𝟒 × (−𝟐 ) + (+𝟏 ) = × (− ) + (+ )
𝟒 𝟓 𝟏 𝟒 𝟓

𝟏𝟏 𝟔
= (− 𝟏 ) + (+ 𝟓 )
(𝟓) (𝟏)

𝟓𝟓 𝟔
= (− ) + (+ 𝟓)
𝟓
𝟒𝟗
=−
𝟓
𝟒
= −𝟗
𝟓

10
 𝟑 𝟎 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑𝟔 𝟏 𝟑𝟔
𝒄) (−𝟐 ) − (+𝟏 ) = (+𝟏) − (+ ) = (+ ) − (+ )
𝟒 𝟓 𝟐𝟓 𝟏 𝟐𝟓
(𝟐𝟓) (𝟏)
𝟑 𝟎 𝟐𝟓 𝟑𝟔
(−𝟐 𝟒) = +𝟏 = (+ 𝟐𝟓) + (− 𝟐𝟓)

𝟔 𝟐 𝟔 𝟔 𝟏𝟏
(+ 𝟓) = (+ 𝟓) × (+ 𝟓) = − 𝟐𝟓
𝟑𝟔
= + 𝟐𝟓

11
EXERCISES: Find:
𝟏 𝟏 𝟒
1) 𝟐 + × (𝟐 ÷ )
𝟐 𝟐 𝟓

𝟑 𝟑
2) 𝟗 ÷ (− ) − 𝟐
𝟒
𝟐
𝟑
3) 𝟏 𝟐
𝟑𝟐 − 𝟑

𝟏 𝟖
−𝟑
𝟐
4) ( 𝟏 )
𝟑−
𝟐

𝟐 𝟑 𝟏 𝟒
5) (− ) ÷ (− )
𝟑 𝟑
−𝟑
6) 𝟏
𝟑−𝟑

𝟏 𝟔 𝟐 𝟏
7) × ( − 𝟏 ) −
𝟐 𝟓 𝟑 𝟓

𝟒 𝟏 𝟏 𝟐
8) ÷ ( + )
𝟗 𝟐 𝟑

𝟑 𝟐 𝟏 𝟎
9) (− ) ÷ ((−𝟑 ) ÷ 𝟐)
𝟒 𝟓

𝟒 𝟒 𝟐
10) (− ) ÷ (𝟏 + (− ) )
𝟓 𝟓

12
EXERCISES: ( SOLUTIONS)
1
𝟓 𝟏 𝟐 𝟓 𝟓 𝟏 𝟓
1) + ×( × )= + ×
𝟐 𝟐 𝟏 𝟒 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
2
𝟓 𝟓
= 𝟐 + 𝟒
(𝟐) (𝟏)
𝟏𝟎 𝟓
= +
𝟒 𝟒
𝟏𝟓
=
𝟒
𝟑
=𝟑
𝟒

𝟑 𝟑 𝟐𝟕
2) 𝟗 ÷ (− ) − 𝟐 = 𝟗 ÷ (− ) − 𝟐
𝟒 𝟔𝟒

1
𝟗 𝟔𝟒
= × (− )−𝟐
𝟏 𝟐𝟕
3
𝟔𝟒 𝟐
= − 𝟑 − 𝟏
(𝟏) (𝟑)

𝟔𝟒 𝟔
=− −
𝟑 𝟑
𝟕𝟎
=−
𝟑

𝟐 𝟐
𝟑 𝟑
3) 𝟏 𝟐 = 𝟕 𝟐
𝟑𝟐 − 𝟑 𝟐 − 𝟑
(𝟑) (𝟐)

𝟐
𝟑
= 𝟐𝟏 𝟒
𝟔
− 𝟔

𝟐
𝟑
= 𝟏𝟕
𝟔

2
𝟐 𝟔
= ×
𝟑 𝟏𝟕
1
𝟒
=
𝟏𝟕

13
 𝟏 𝟖 𝟏 𝟔 𝟖
𝟐
−𝟑 −
𝟐 𝟐
4) ( 𝟏 ) =( 𝟔 𝟏 )
𝟑−𝟐 −
𝟐 𝟐

𝟓 𝟖
−
𝟐
=( 𝟓 )
−𝟐

𝟓 𝟐 𝟖
= (− × )
𝟐 𝟓

= (−𝟏)𝟖
= (+𝟏)

𝟐 𝟑 𝟏 𝟒 𝟖 𝟏
5) (− ) ÷ (− ) = (− ) ÷ (+ )
𝟑 𝟑 𝟐𝟕 𝟖𝟏
3
𝟖 𝟖𝟏
= (− ) × (+ )
𝟐𝟕 𝟏
1
𝟐𝟒
=−
𝟏

= −𝟐𝟒

−𝟑 −𝟑
6) 𝟏 = 𝟑 𝟏
𝟑− 𝟑 𝟏 − 𝟑
(𝟑) (𝟏)

−𝟑
=𝟗 𝟏
−
𝟑 𝟑

−𝟑
= 𝟖
𝟑

𝟑 𝟑
=− ×
𝟏 𝟖
𝟗
=−
𝟖

14
 𝟏 𝟔 𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 𝟔 𝟓 𝟏
7) × ( − 𝟏 ) − = × ( 𝟓 − 𝟑 ) −
𝟐 𝟓 𝟑 𝟓 𝟐 𝟓
(𝟑) (𝟓)

𝟏 𝟏𝟖 𝟐𝟓 𝟏
= ×( − )−𝟓
𝟐 𝟏𝟓 𝟏𝟓
𝟏 𝟕 𝟏
= × (− )−𝟓
𝟐 𝟏𝟓

𝟕 𝟏
= − 𝟑𝟎 − 𝟓
(𝟏) (𝟔)

𝟕 𝟔
=− −
𝟑𝟎 𝟑𝟎
𝟏𝟑
=−
𝟑𝟎

𝟐
𝟒 𝟏 𝟏 𝟒 𝟑 𝟐 𝟐
8) ÷ (𝟐 + 𝟑 ) = ÷( + )
𝟗 𝟗 𝟔 𝟔
(𝟑) (𝟐)

𝟒 𝟓 𝟐
= ÷( )
𝟗 𝟔
𝟒 𝟐𝟓
= ÷
𝟗 𝟑𝟔
4
𝟒 𝟑𝟔
= ×
𝟗 𝟐𝟓
1
𝟏𝟔
=
𝟐𝟓

𝟑 𝟐 𝟏 𝟎 𝟗
9) (− ) ÷ ((−𝟑 ) ÷ 𝟐) = (+ ) ÷ (𝟏 ÷ 𝟐)
𝟒 𝟓 𝟏𝟔

𝟗 𝟏
= ÷
𝟏𝟔 𝟐
1
𝟗 𝟐
= ×
𝟏𝟔 𝟏
8
𝟗
=
𝟖

15
 𝟒 𝟒 𝟐 𝟒 𝟐𝟓 𝟏𝟔
10) (− ) ÷ (𝟏 + (− ) ) = (− ) ÷ ( + )
𝟓 𝟓 𝟓 𝟐𝟓 𝟐𝟓

𝟒 𝟒𝟏
= (− ) ÷
𝟓 𝟐𝟓
5
𝟒 𝟐𝟓
=− ×
𝟓 𝟒𝟏
1
𝟐𝟎
=−
𝟒𝟏

16