COLLEGE OF THE HOLY SPIRIT OF TARLAC

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

SAN SEBATIAN, TARLAC CITY

Name: JULIENNE AVY B. VALENTIN Date: February 11, 2021

Grade Level & Section: 7 FAITH Score:
Laboratory Manual Activity No. 2
Observing Bacteria

Introduction
Bacteria are microorganisms that have a cell well, a cell membrane and a cytoplasm, nut not a
nucleus. Bacteria have three basic shapes: bacillus or rod-shaped, coccus or sphere shaped, and spirilla
or spiral-shaped.

Objective
1. Examine some prepared slides of bacteria and identify them according to their shape
2. Observe the structure of bacteria

Materials
Prepared slides of bacilli, cocci and spirilla
microscope

Procedure
1. Obtain three prepared slides of bacteria.
2. Place one slide on the stage of the microscope and observe the specimen using the low-power
objective lens.
3. Locate the bacteria. Identify its shape. Locate all three shapes of bacteria.
4. Switch to high-power objective lens. Focus on a few bacteria.
5. Draw what you see. Identify the parts of a bacteria: cell wall, cell membrane, and cytoplasm.

Data and Results

1. Draw the three shapes of bacteria. Write the shape on the blank provided.

a. SPIRILLA b. COCCI
 c. BACILLI

Discussion

How are bacterial cells different from animal cells?

Bacterial Cell Animal Cell

It does not have a well-defined, membrane- It contains a well-defined membrane-

enclosed nucleus. enclosed nucleus.

It does not have cell organelles. Membrane-bound cell organelles are

present in the cytoplasm.

It is much smaller in size than an animal cell, It is larger than a bacterial cell, e.g.

e.g. 0.2 to 10 micron in size. 100 microns or more.

It has a well-defined cell wall. It lacks the cell wall.

They are generally autotrophs and maybe They are always heterotrophs.

heterotrophs.

They reproduce asexually by binary fission They can reproduce asexually by

and sexually by conjugation. mitosis and sexually by meiosis.

It has plasmids (circular DNA in the cytosol). It lacks the plasmids. It has well-

defined linear DNA in the nucleus.

It has a single chromosome. It has many chromosomes.

 It does not have mitochondria. It has mitochondria in the cytoplasm.

It has well-defined cell shape. It has irregular shapes as it lacks the

cell wall.

Some bacteria have fimbria on the cell It lacks fimbria.

surface.

It lacks the cytoskeleton. It has cytoskeleton (a network of

filaments and tubules in the

cytoplasm).

It lacks histone proteins. Its DNA is wrapped around histone

proteins.

Conclusion:

I therefore conclude that bacterial cell is the opposite of animal cell.

Questions

1. Describe ways by which bacteria are helpful and ways by which they are harmful.

Bacteria help many animals to digest food, they help trees grow, and they are important in the recycling
of nutrients in the environment. They are also used in biotechnology applications to produce everything
from food to energy to clean water. Bacteria can be very helpful to humans and other organisms.

Harmful bacteria are called pathogenic bacteria because they cause disease and illnesses like strep
throat, staph infections, cholera, tuberculosis, and food poisoning.

2. How do you protect yourself from bacteria that might infect you?

Washing of our hands regularly helps us protect ourselves from diseases.

Social distancing from people who are sick.

Type
Bacterialcell:Bacterialcellis
aprokaryoticcell.
Animalcell:Animalcellisa
eukaryoticcell.
Size
BacterialCell:Bacterialcellsa
re0.2to2µminsize.
AnimalCell:Animalcellsare
largerinsizecomparedtob
acterialcellsand10to100µ
minsize.
Cellwall
BacterialCell:Thebacterialcel
lwallismadeupofmurein.
AnimalCell:Animalcellsdo
nothaveacellwall.Theplas
mamembraneistheouterbou
ndary.
Shape
BacterialCell:Bacterialcellsc
onsistofseveralshapeslikec
occui,bacillus,vibrio,spirilla.
Type
Bacterialcell:Bacterialcellis
aprokaryoticcell.
Animalcell:Animalcellisa
eukaryoticcell.
Size
BacterialCell:Bacterialcellsa
re0.2to2µminsize.
AnimalCell:Animalcellsare
largerinsizecomparedtob
acterialcellsand10to100µ
minsize.
Cellwall
BacterialCell:Thebacterialcel
lwallismadeupofmurein.
AnimalCell:Animalcellsdo
nothaveacellwall.Theplas
mamembraneistheouterbou
ndary.
Shape
BacterialCell:Bacterialcellsc
onsistofseveralshapeslikec
occui,bacillus,vibrio,spirilla.

T
Bacterialcell:Bacterialcellis
aprokaryoticcell.
Animalcell:Animalcellisa
eukaryoticcell.
Size
BacterialCell:Bacterialcellsa
re0.2to2µminsize.
AnimalCell:Animalcellsare
largerinsizecomparedtob
acterialcellsand10to100µ
minsize.
Cellwall
BacterialCell:Thebacterialcel
lwallismadeupofmurein.
AnimalCell:Animalcellsdo
nothaveacellwall.Theplas
mamembraneistheouterbou
ndary.
Shape
BacterialCell:Bacterialcellsc
onsistofseveralshapeslikec
occui,bacillus,vibrio,spirilla.