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History of Architecture
History of Architecture
HUTS
The structure mainly comprised of bamboos. Plans were trapezoidal in
shape. They had wide entrances facing the water bodies (rivers). Floors
were plastered with lime. Posts were reinforced with stones.
PIT HOUSES
Shallow oval pits 6m-9m long and 25m wide. Roofs were made of
timber. Stone hearths were used as working slabs.
Neolithic Era
• Neolithic exists between the 10,000 – 900BC, the people were great
builders.
• Many changes took place, they utilized mud-brick to construct houses
and villages.
• Production of food.
• Developments in agriculture lead to settling down.
• Dwellings became more sustainable.
Neolithic Dwellings
LONG HOUSES
• The Neolithic long house was a long, narrow
timber dwelling built by the first farmers
in Europe beginning at least as early as the period
5000 to 6000 BC.
• The long house was a rectangular structure, 5.5 to
7.0 m wide, of variable length, around 20 m up to
45 m.
• Outer walls were wattle-and-daub, sometimes
alternating with split logs, with pitched, thatched
roofs, supported by rows of poles, three across.
• The exterior walls would have been quite short
beneath the large roof. They were solid and
massive, oak posts being preferred.
• Clay for the daub was dug from pits near the
house, which were then used for storage.
Neolithic Dwellings
DRY STONE HOUSES
• Wealthy country despite the desert - every year, Nile would overflow,
leaving the land fertile for growing crops
• A single kingdom for most of its existence - unified under the centralized
omnipotent authority of the pharaoh (king)
• Afterlife - life and house on earth is • Stone was abundant in variety and
temporary, the tomb is permanent quantity
• For sustenance and eternal enjoyment • Used for monuments and religious
of the deceased buildings
• No windows
• DECORATIONS
• Torus moulding
• Came in complexes:
• Mortuary chapel
Parts:
Great Temple of Ammon, Karnak,
• Entrance pylon Thebes
• Grandest temple and the work
of many kings
• Large outer court open to sky (hypaethral court)
• Hypostyle hall
• Sanctuary surrounded by passages
• Chapels/chambers used in connection with the Great Temple of Abu-Simbel
• Example of rock-cut temple
temple service • Constructed by Rameses II
• Entrance forecourt leads to imposing pylon with 4 rock-
cut colossal statues of Rameses sitting over 20 m high
Ancient Egypt Architecture : PYLONS & OBELISKS
PYLONS OBELISKS
• upright stone square in plan, with an electrum-capped
• monumental gateway to the temple pyramidion on top
consisting of slanting walls flanking the • sacred symbol of sun-god Heliopolis
entrance portal
• usually came in pairs fronting temple entrances
DWELLINGS FORTRESSES
• Made of crude brick
• Mostly found on west bank of Nile or
• One or two storey high
on islands
• Flat roof deck
• 3 parts:
• Close communications with other
• Reception suite on north side - central hall or living room with high ceiling and clerestory
fortresses
• Service quarters • Fortress of Buhen
• From here they could trade and invade lands to the south
References
• https://www.pinterest.com/pin/516788125973513944/
• https://www.slideshare.net/surabhi527/paleolithic-architecture
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neolithic_long_house
• https://www.slideshare.net/siobhanholland9/ancient-ireland-1
• http://www.orkney.com/whats-new/maeshowe-webcam
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesopotamia
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_Mesopotamia
• https://www.slideshare.net/patricehigh/mesopotamia-power-point
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Near_East
• http://www.essential-humanities.net/world-art/mesopotamian/
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock-cut_tomb